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Summary of Contents for EUTECH INSTRUMENTS CHLORIDE EPOXY
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD. INSTRUCTION MANUAL CHLORIDE ION ELECTRODE...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ......................3 Introduction..............................4 Required Equipment..........................4 Required Solutions ...........................4 GENERAL PREPARATION......................5 Electrode Preparation ..........................5 Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) ...................5 Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) ....................6 MEASUREMENT..........................6 Measuring Hints ............................6 Sample Requirements..........................7 Units of Measurement ..........................7 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE .................... -
Page 3: General Instructions
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ............Error! Bookmark not defined. Introduction ......................Error! Bookmark not defined. Required Equipment....................Error! Bookmark not defined. Required Solutions ....................Error! Bookmark not defined. GENERAL PREPARATION ............ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Electrode Preparation ..................E RROR OOKMARK NOT DEFINED Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter)............E RROR OOKMARK NOT DEFINED... -
Page 4: Introduction
CHLORIDE ION ELECTRODE INSTRUCTION MANUAL GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Introduction Eutech Instruments Chloride Ion Electrode is used to measure chloride ions in aqueous solutions quickly, simply, accurately, and economically. Required Equipment A pH/mV meter or an ion meter, either line operated or portable. -
Page 5: General Preparation
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Eutech Chloride Standard, 1,000 ppm Cl , Code no. EC-SCS-CL2-BT. To prepare this solution from your own laboratory stock, add 1.65 grams of reagent-grade sodium chloride, NaCl, to a one liter volumetric flask about half-full of distilled water. Swirl the flask to dissolve the solid. -
Page 6: Electrode Slope Check (With Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) (Check electrodes each day) Prepare standard chloride solutions whose concentrations vary by tenfold. Use either the 0.1M or 1,000 ppm chloride standard. Use the serial dilution method for this preparation. To a 150 ml beaker, add 100 ml of the lower value standard and 2 ml of ISA. -
Page 7: Sample Requirements
Infrequent measurements in solutions containing methanol, ethanol, benzene, and acetonitrile are permitted. Highly polar solvents slowly attack the electrode. Please check with Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. before using the electrode in other organic solvents. - Page 8 Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Place the mid-range solution (1.0x10 M or 100 ppm) on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring. After rinsing the electrodes with distilled water, blot dry and immerse the electrode tips in the solution. When the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading. Place the most concentrated solution (1.0x10 M or 1,000 ppm) on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring.
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Page 9: Direct Measurement Of Chloride (Using A Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Direct Measurement of Chloride (using a ion meter) By serial dilution of the 0.1M or 1,000 ppm chloride standard, prepare two chloride standards whose concentration is near the expected sample concentration. Measure out 100 ml of each standard into individual 150 ml beakers and add 2 ml of ISA to each. Place the more dilute solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. -
Page 10: Low Level Chloride Determination (Using A Ph/Mv Meter)
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Low Level Chloride Determination (using a pH/mV meter) Use the following low level chloride measurement procedure in the non-linear portion of the calibration curve. (See Figure 1). This procedure is recommended for solutions containing less than 1.0X10 Using 20 ml of standard ISA, dilute to 100 ml with distilled water. -
Page 11: Low Level Chloride Determination (Using An Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Measure out 100 ml of the sample into a 150 ml beaker, add 1 ml of low level ISA, and place the beaker on the magnetic stirrer. Begin stirring. Lower the electrode tips into the solution. After the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading and determine the concentration from the low level calibration curve. -
Page 12: Removal Of Various Interferences With Cisa
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode 1. Acidify with 1M HNO to pH 4 to remove hydroxide interference. 2. These substances represent complexing species whose maximum level can be exceeded without electrode damage. Value shown represents a 1% error. 3. Add CISA to solutions containing mixed halides to remove interferences. See the procedure below. -
Page 13: Temperature Influences
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Chloride ions complex with some metal ions. Table 4 lists the levels of complexing metals causing a 10% error at 1.0X10 M chloride. TABLE 4: Levels of Complexing Agents Causing a 10% Error at 1.0X10 M Chloride Concentration 4.0X10 M (80 ppm) - Page 14 Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode The time needed to reach 99% of the stable electrode potential reading, the electrode response time, varies from several seconds in highly concentrated solutions to several minutes near the detection limit. (Refer to Figure 2.) A drifting potential reading or a decrease in electrode slope may mean that the electrode membrane needs polishing.
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Page 15: Limits Of Detection
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Limits of Detection The upper limit of detection in pure sodium chloride solutions is 1M. In the presence of other ions, the upper limit of detection is above 1.0x10 M chloride, but two factors influence this upper limit. Both the possibility of a liquid junction potential developing at the reference electrode and the salt extraction effect influence this upper limit. -
Page 16: Electrode Theory
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode ELECTRODE THEORY Electrode Operation A chloride ion electrode is composed of a glass or an epoxy body and a silver chloride/silver sulfide membrane. When the membrane is in contact with a solution containing chloride ions, an electrode potential develops across the membrane. -
Page 17: Troubleshooting Guide
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode The composition of the liquid junction filling solution in the reference electrode is most important. The speed with which the positive and negative ions in the filling solution diffuse into the sample should be equitransferent. No junction potential can result if the rate at which positive and negative charge carried into the sample is equal. -
Page 18: Standards And Reagents
GENERAL PREPARATION and Refer to the instruction manual again. Reread sections on ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS. If trouble still persists, call Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. at (65) 6778-6876 and ask for the Customer Services Department. -
Page 19: Troubleshooting Hints
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS Symptom Possible Causes Next Step Out of Range defective meter check meter with shorting Reading strap (see meter instruction manual) defective electrode check electrode operation electrodes not plug electrode into position plugged in properly and reset meter reference electrode clean junction... - Page 20 Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode Low Slope or standards contaminated prepare fresh standards No Slope or incorrectly made ISA not used use recommended ISA standard used as ISA use ISA "Incorrect Answer" incorrect scaling plot millivolts on the linear (but calibration of semi-log paper axis.
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Page 21: Specifications
Instruction Manual Chloride Electrode SPECIFICATIONS Concentration Range: 1M to 5.0X10 M (35,500 to 1.8 ppm) pH Range: 2 to 12 C (80 to 100 o C intermittent use) Temperature Range: 0 Resistance: <1 Mohm Reproducibility: +/-2% Interferences See section on Interferences Size: 110 mm length;...
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