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Summary of Contents for EUTECH INSTRUMENTS BROMIDE EPOXY
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode EUTECH INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD. INSTRUCTION MANUAL BROMIDE ION ELECTRODE...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ......................1 Introduction..............................3 Required Solutions............................3 GENERAL PREPARATION......................4 Electrode Preparation..........................4 Electrode Slope Check (with a pH/mV meter) ...................4 Electrode Slope Check (with an ion meter) ....................4 MEASUREMENT..........................5 Measuring Hints............................5 Sample Requirements ..........................5 Units of Measurement..........................6 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE .................... -
Page 3: General Instructions
BROMIDE ION ELECTRODE INSTRUCTION MANUAL GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Introduction Eutech Instruments Bromide Electrode is used to measure free bromide ion in aqueous solutions quickly, simply, accurately, and economically. Required Equipment A pH/mV meter or an ion meter, either line operated or portable. -
Page 4: General Preparation
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode GENERAL PREPARATION Electrode Preparation Remove the rubber caps covering the electrode tips and the rubber insert covering the filling hole of the combination electrode or of the reference electrode. Fill the reference electrode or the combination electrode with the filling solution shipped with the electrode to a level just below the fill hole. -
Page 5: Measurement
Infrequent measurements in solutions containing methanol, benzene, or acetonitrile are permitted. Highly polar solvents slowly attack the electrode. Please check with Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. before using these electrodes in other organic solvents. -
Page 6: Units Of Measurement
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode Units of Measurement Bromide ions can be measured in units of moles/liter, parts/million, or any other convenient concentration unit. Table 1 indicates some of the concentration units. TABLE 1: Concentration Unit Conversion Factors moles/liter ppm Br 1.0X10 1.0X10 79.9... -
Page 7: Direct Measurement Of Bromide (Using An Ion Meter)
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode A calibration curve is constructed on semi-logarithmic paper when using a pH/mV meter in the millivolt mode. The measured electrode potential in mV (linear axis) is plotted against the standard concentration (log axis). In the linear region of the curve, only three standards are necessary to determine a calibration curve. -
Page 8: Low Level Bromide Determinations (Using A Ph/Mv Meter)
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode Place the more dilute solution on the magnetic stirrer and begin stirring at a constant rate. Assure that the meter is in the concentration mode. Lower the electrode tips into the solution. Adjust the meter to the concentration of the standard and fix the value in the memory according to the meter manufacturer's instructions after stabilization of the reading. -
Page 9: Electrode Characteristics
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode Place the rinsed, dried electrode tips in the solution and assure that the meter is in the mV mode. Add increments of the 1.0X10 M or 10 ppm standard as given in Table 2 below. After the reading has stabilized, record the mV reading after each addition. Electrode response time is much longer at these levels. -
Page 10: Interferences
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode Interferences A layer of silver may form on the electrode surface in the presence of strong reducing agents. Insoluble salts of silver may be deposited on the membrane, causing electrode malfunction if high levels of ions forming these salts are present in the sample. Proper performance can be restored by Electrode Response polishing. -
Page 11: Complexation
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode Complexation Total concentration (C ) consists of free ions (C ) and complexed or bound ions (C ) in solutions: Since the electrode only responds to free ions, any complexing agent in the solution reduces the measured concentration of ions. -
Page 12: Electrode Response
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode If the temperature varies substantially from room temperature, equilibrium times up to one hour are recommended. Electrode Response Plotting the electrode mV potential against the bromide concentration on semi-logarithmic paper results in a straight line with a slope of about 57 mV per decade. (Refer to Figure 1.) The time needed to reach 99% of the stable electrode potential reading, the electrode response time, varies from several seconds in highly concentrated solutions to several minutes near the detection limit. -
Page 13: Limits Of Detection
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode Limits of Detection The upper limit of detection in pure sodium bromide solutions is 1M. In the presence of other ions, the upper limit of detection is above 1.0x10 M bromide, but the possibility of a liquid junction potential developing at the reference electrode and the "salt extraction effect"... - Page 14 Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode X = level of bromide ions in solution The activity, X, represents the effective concentration of the ions in solution. The activity is related to the free ion concentration, Cf, by the activity coefficient, γ , by: X = γ...
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Page 15: Troubleshooting Guide
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE The goal of troubleshooting is the isolation of a problem through checking each of the system components in turn: the meter, the glass-ware, the electrodes, the standards and reagents, the sample, and the technique. Meter The meter may be checked by following the check-out procedure in instrument instruction manual. -
Page 16: Technique
GENERAL PREPARATION Refer to the instruction manual again. Reread sections on ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS. If trouble still persists, call Eutech Instruments Pte Ltd. at (65) 6778-6876 and ask for the Customer Services Department. -
Page 17: Troubleshooting Hints
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS Symptom Possible Causes Next Step Out of Range defective meter check meter with shorting Reading strap (see meter instruction manual) defective electrode check electrode operation electrodes not unplug electrodes and reset plugged in properly reference electrode be sure reference electrode not filled... - Page 18 Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode Low Slope or standards contaminated prepare fresh standards No Slope or incorrectly made ISA not used use recommended ISA standard used as ISA use ISA electrode exposed check section entitled Complexation to complexing agents air bubble on membrane remove bubble by re-dipping probe "Incorrect Answer"...
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Page 19: Specifications
Instruction Manual Bromide Electrode SPECIFICATIONS Concentration Range: 1M to 5 x 10 79,900 ppm to 0.4 ppm pH Range: 2-14 0 o to 80°C Temperature Range: Resistance: <1 Mohm Reproducibility: ±2% Samples: Aqueous solutions only; avoid organic solvents Size: 110 mm in length; 12 mm in diameter; 1 m cable length Storage: Store in bromide solution ORDERING INFORMATION...
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