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Campbell TB4 Product Manual

Tipping bucket rain gages
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PRODUCT MANUAL
TB4, TB4MM,
CS700, and CS700H
Tipping Bucket Rain Gages
Revision: 02/2024
Copyright © 1995 – 2024
Campbell Scientific, Inc.

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  • Page 1 PRODUCT MANUAL TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages Revision: 02/2024 Copyright © 1995 – 2024 Campbell Scientific, Inc.

  • Page 2: Please Read First

    U.S. standard external power supply details where some information (for example the AC transformer input voltage) will not be applicable for British/European use. Please note, however, that when a power supply adapter is ordered from Campbell Scientific it will be suitable for use in your country.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    5. Overview 5.1 Wind screen 6. Specifications 6.1 Heated rain gage 7. Installation 7.1 Wiring 7.1.1 TB4, TB4M, or CS700 connections 7.1.2 CS700H heated rain gage connections 7.2 Data logger programming 7.2.1 PulseCount() instruction 7.2.2 SDI12Recorder() instruction 7.3 Siting 7.4 Mounting 7.4.1 Mounting to the CM240 and leveling...
  • Page 4 Appendix A. Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor Appendix B. Example programs B.1 TB4 or CS700 example programs B.1.1 CR6 program for the TB4 or CS700 B.1.2 CR1000X programs for the TB4 or CS700 B.2 CS700H example programs B.2.1 CR6 program for the CS700H B.2.2 CR1000X programs for CS700H...
  • Page 5 C.6.4 References Appendix D. Phoenix Contact power supply specifications Table of Contents - iii...

  • Page 6: Introduction

    1. Introduction The TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H are tipping bucket rain gages that funnel rain into a mechanism that tips when filled. The TB4, CS700, and CS700H measure in 0.01-inch increments and the TB4MM measures in 0.2 mm increments. The TB4 and TB4MM have a lightweight plastic...

  • Page 7: Initial Inspection

    3. Initial inspection Upon receipt of the TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H, inspect the packaging and contents for damage. File damage claims with the shipping company. Immediately check package contents against the shipping documentation.
  • Page 8 3. In the Available Sensors and Devices box, type TB4 or CS700. You can also locate the sensor in the Sensors > Meteorological > Precipitation folder. Double-click TB4/TB4MM or CS700 Rain Gauge. The units defaults to millimeters, which can be changed by clicking the Rain box and selecting one of the other options.
  • Page 9 6. In Output Setup, type the scan rate, meaningful table names, and the Data Output Storage Interval. 7. Select the output options. 8. Click Finish and save the program. Send the program to the data logger if the data logger is connected to the computer. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 10: Overview

    5. Overview The TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H tipping bucket rain gages are manufactured by HS Hyquest Solutions Pty. Ltd. and modified for use with Campbell Scientific data loggers. These rain gages funnel precipitation into a bucket mechanism that tips when filled to a calibrated level (Figure 5-1 [p.

  • Page 11: Wind Screen

    Features: More accurate measurement of high-intensity precipitation High precision Compatible with Campbell Scientific CRBasic data loggers: CR6, CR1000X, CR800 series, CR350-series, CR300 series (except CS700H), CR3000, and CR1000 5.1 Wind screen The 260-953 Alter-Type Wind Screen can be used with the rain gage to minimize the effects of strong winds.

  • Page 12: Specifications

    The syphon can be dismantled for routine cleaning and servicing. Weight with 25-ft signal cable TB4/TB4MM: 2 kg (4.4 lb) CS700/CS700H: 3.3 kg (7.4 lb) Height TB4/TB4MM: 33 cm (13 in) CS700/CS700H: 34.2 cm (13.5 in) TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 13: Heated Rain Gage

    If programming the data logger with Short Cut, skip Wiring (p. 9) and Data logger programming (p. 11). Short Cut does this work for you. See QuickStart (p. 2) for a Short Cut tutorial. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 14: Wiring

    7.1 Wiring 7.1.1 TB4, TB4M, or CS700 connections Table 7-1: TB4, TB4MM, or CS700 wire color, wire function, and data logger connection Data logger connections Data logger connections Wire color Wire function using a pulse terminal using a control terminal...
  • Page 15 SDI-12 terminal. For example, if C1 is used for the SDI-12 terminal, do not use C2 for the pulse terminal. Table 7-3: CS700H power cable wire color, wire function, and power supply connection Wire color Description Power supply +24 VDC Black Ground – TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 16: Data Logger Programming

    Figure 7-2. Phoenix Contact Power Supply 7.2 Data logger programming Short Cut is the best source for up-to-date programming code for Campbell Scientific data loggers. If your data acquisition requirements are simple, you can probably create and maintain a data logger program exclusively with Short Cut. If your data acquisition needs are more complex, the files that Short Cut creates are a great source for programming code to start a new program or add to an existing custom program.

  • Page 17: Pulsecount() Instruction

    Choose Switch Closure for the PConfig parameter. For the CR6 and CR1000X, choose Switch Closure with pull up. The Multiplier parameter determines the units in which rainfall is reported. For the TB4, CS700, and CS700H, a multiplier of 0.01 converts the output to inches and a multiplier of 0.254 converts the output to millimeters.

  • Page 18: Mounting

    3/8-inch (M8) bolt. The three holes form a 234 mm (9.21 in) diameter bolt circle. Campbell Scientific offers the CM240 mounting bracket for installing and leveling the rain gages. The CM240 may be attached to a CM300-Series mounting pole or to a user-supplied 1.5 in. IPS (1.9 in.

  • Page 19: Mounting To The Cm240 And Leveling

    Figure 7-4. CM300 short leg pedestal option (left) and J-bolt pedestal option 7.4.1 Mounting to the CM240 and leveling 1. Remove the housing assembly from the base by loosening the three housing screws and lifting the housing upward (Figure 7-5 [p. 15]). TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 20 Figure 7-5. Transparent view of the TB4 (CS700 looks similar) 2. Remove the leveling screws from the CM240 (Figure 7-6 [p. 15]). Figure 7-6. CM240 mounting bracket 3. Place the tipping bucket on the CM240 and line up the holes in the tipping bucket feet with...

  • Page 21: Cs700H Power Supply Installation

    Long cables have appreciable capacitance between the lines. A built up charge could cause arcing when the switch closes, shortening switch life. A 100 ohm resistor is connected in series at TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 22: Cs700H Heated Rain Gage Operation

    Temp (default 10 °C), the heater will begin cycling on and off with a duty cycle dependent on the ambient temperature, keeping the funnel temperature at or near 10 °C (Figure 8-2 [p. 17]). Figure 8-2. CS700H heater operation TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 23: Sdi-12 Measurement Commands

    SDI-12 sensor support (p. 44) provides detailed information about the SDI-12 interface. Additional SDI—12 information is also available at www.sdi-12.org , or www.youtube.com/user/CampbellScientific TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 24: Cs700H Extended Commands

    Set ActiveOn temperature to +4.0 °C (aX23+04.0!) if Where, temperature units are Celsius (aX28+0!). xx.x = ActiveOn Set ActiveON temperature to +39.2 °F (aX23+39.2!) if temperature temperature units are Fahrenheit (aX28+1!). TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 25 Set the factory defaults (only when data is +1) SDI12Recorder() a is the SDI-12 address. In the CRBasic instruction, the command parameter does not include the SDI-12 address because the address is a separate parameter. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 26: Troubleshooting And Maintenance

    During each site visit, remove any debris, such as insects or sediment from the collection funnel, debris screen, siphoning mechanism, or tipping bucket assembly. Verify the tipping bucket assembly moves freely, and that the data logger records each bucket tip. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 27: Dismantling For Cleaning

    1. Remove the housing assembly from the base by loosening the three housing screws and lifting the housing upward (Figure 9-1 [p. 22], Figure 9-2 [p. 23]). Figure 9-1. Main components of the CS700 TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 28 2. Separate the filter/siphon assembly from the funnel by pushing the filter while pulling the siphon (Figure 9-3 [p. 24]). CAUTION: Do not twist the filter/siphon assembly while pushing and pulling. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 29 [p. 25]): a. Unscrew nut b. Lightly press stem down on surface until stem pops out of siphon body c. Remove stem from siphon body d. Unscrew cap e. Clean all items TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 30: Reassembling The Rain Bucket

    Figure 9-4. Filter/siphon assembly 9.2.2 Reassembling the rain bucket 1. Screw cap on stem; finger tighten only (Figure 9-4 [p. 25]). 2. Push stem into siphon body (Figure 9-4 [p. 25]). TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 31: Calibration Check

    Nevertheless, the following calibration check is recommended once every 12 months: 1. Remove the housing assembly from the base by removing the three screws and lifting upward on the housing. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 32 4. After the water has passed through the rain gage, the tipping bucket should have tipped 39 times. 5. If the rain gage fails to record the correct number of tips, return the unit to Campbell Scientific for recalibration (see Assistance at the back of this manual).

  • Page 33: Appendix A. Importing Short Cut Code Into Crbasic Editor

    Block. This adds an apostrophe (') to the beginning of each of the highlighted lines, which instructs the data logger compiler to ignore those lines when compiling. The Comment Block feature is demonstrated at about 5:10 in the CRBasic | Features video TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 34: Appendix B. Example Programs

    B.1 TB4 or CS700 example programs B.1.1 CR6 program for the TB4 or CS700 In the following CR6 program, the TB4 or CS700 is connected to U1, and the rain measurements are reported in inches. Battery voltage and panel temperature are also measured.

  • Page 35: Cr1000X Programs For The Tb4 Or Cs700

    CRBasic Example 1: CR6 program measuring the TB4 or CS700 BeginProg Scan(5,Sec,1,0) 'Default Data Logger Battery Voltage measurement BattV Battery(BattV) 'Default Data Logger Wiring Panel Temperature measurement 'PTemp_C' PanelTemp(PTemp_C,60) 'Rain Gage measurement Rain_in PulseCount(Rain_in,1,U1,1,0,0.01,0) 'Call Data Tables and Store Data...
  • Page 36 CRBasic Example 2: CR1000X program using a pulse terminal to measure the TB4 or CS700 'Program measures one TB4 or CS700 'Wiring Diagram '============== 'Wire 'Color     Function               Terminal '-----     --------               -------- 'Black     Rain signal            P1 'White     Rain signal ground     Ground Symbol 'Clear     Shield                 Ground Symbol 'Declare Variables and Units Public...

  • Page 37: Cs700H Example Programs

    CRBasic Example 3: CR1000X program using a control terminal to measure the TB4 or CS700 'CR1000X 'Program measures one rain gage using control terminal 'Wiring Diagram '============== 'Wire 'Color     Function               Terminal '-----     --------               -------- 'Black     Rain signal            C1 'White     Rain signal ground     5V 'Clear     Shield                 Ground Symbol 'Declare Public Variables and Units...
  • Page 38 'Default Data Logger Battery Voltage measurement BattV Battery(BattV) 'Default Data Logger Wiring Panel Temperature measurement 'PTemp_C' PanelTemp(PTemp_C,60) 'CS700H Rain Gage measurement Rain_in PulseCount(Rain_in,1,U1,1,0,0.01,0) 'Call Data Tables and Store Data CallTable OneMin CallTable OneDay NextScan EndProg TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 39: Cr1000X Programs For Cs700H

    DataTable(OneMin,True,-1) DataInterval(0,1,Min,10) Totalize(1,Rain_in,FP2,False) EndTable DataTable(OneDay,True,-1) DataInterval(0,1440,Min,10) Minimum(1,BattV,FP2,False,False) Totalize(1,Rain_in,FP2,False) EndTable 'Main Program BeginProg Scan(5,Sec,1,0) 'Default Data Logger Battery Voltage measurement BattV Battery(BattV) 'Default CR1000 Data Logger Wiring Panel Temperature measurement 'PTemp_C' PanelTemp(PTemp_C,_60Hz) TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 40 Info(6)=CS700H_Htr_On_off        'Heater on or off Alias Info(7)=CS700H_Control_Auto_Man  'Automatic or Manual heater control Alias Info(8)=CS700H_Cycle_Dis_Ena     'Heater cycle disabled or enabled Alias Info(9)=CS700H_HTimeLeft         'Heater cycle time left in minutes Units BattV = Volts Units PTemp_C = Deg C TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 41 'Default Data Logger Wiring Panel Temperature measurement 'PTemp_C' PanelTemp(PTemp_C,_60Hz) 'CS700H Rain Gage measurement Rain_in PulseCount(Rain_in,1,P1,1,0,0.01,0) 'SDI-12 Sensor measurements SDI12Recorder(Info(),C1,0,"M!",1,0) 'Call Data Tables and Store Data CallTable OneMin CallTable OneDay NextScan EndProg TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 42: Appendix C. Cs700H Operation Details

    Funnel Set Point Temp 10°C (aX26! Command) Snow Run-On Time 18 mins (aX27! Command) Units °C (aX28! Command) = 0 (aAb! Command to change address; SDI-12 Address 0 ?! Command to query address) TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 43 The lower heating block keeps the tipping bucket and the drain tubes from freezing up. While the heater elements are turned on, the status LED flashes even faster at eight flashes per second. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 44 The Snow Run-on timer is factory preset to 18 minutes but may be extended as required. The heater will cycle on and off for the Run-on time or while ever snow is detected (see Figure C- [p. 40]). TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 45: High Power Operation

    For an alternative external control method, set the heater to external control (aX20+1!), then turn the heating elements on using the aX21+1! command. The heating elements will remain on until the data logger program issues the aX21+0! command. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 46: Status Led

    The snow sensor must detect snow continuously for 5 s before the detected flag is set to 1. And conversely, snow must be absent for 5 s continuously before the detected flag is reset to 0. This process prevents a premature heating cycle when in the automatic mode. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 47: Operating Modes

    Snow sensor always is powered, and can detect snow at any time. C.5 Operating modes The CS700H can be put into automatic or manual operation modes. Table C-4 (p. 43) describes how the modes are entered and the operation of the modes. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 48 The Heating Cycle is started when the Ambient temperature fall below the Active On temperature X23. This mode uses more power and should only be used when the system is supplied by mains power. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 49: Sdi-12 Sensor Support

    SDI-12, Serial Data Interface at 1200 baud, is a protocol developed to simplify sensor and data logger compatibility. Only three wires are necessary — serial data, ground, and 12 V. With unique TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 50: Sdi-12 Command Basics

    SDI-12 sensors can connect to a single SDI-12 terminal on a Campbell Scientific data logger. This appendix discusses the structure of SDI-12 commands and the process of querying SDI-12 sensors. For more detailed information, refer to version 1.4 of the SDI-12 protocol, available at www.sdi-12.org...

  • Page 51: Acknowledge Active Command (A!)

    = sensor address ttt = time, in seconds, until verification information is available n = the number of values to be returned when one or more subsequent D! commands are issued TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 52: Address Query Command (?!)

    Table C-6: Example aM! sequence The data logger makes a request to sensor 0 to start a measurement. Sensor 0 immediately indicates that it will return two values within the 00352<CR><LF> next 35 seconds. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 53: Start Concurrent Measurement Commands (Ac!)

    Sensor X immediately indicates that it will have 5 X03005<CR><LF> (05) values ready for collection within the next 30 (030) seconds. The data logger makes a request to sensor Y to start a concurrent measurement. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 54: Start Measurement Commands With Cyclic Redundancy Check (Amc! And Acc!)

    This is most commonly implemented when long cable lengths or electronic noise may impact measurement transmission to the data logger. When these commands are used, the data returned in response to D or R commands must have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 55: Stopping A Measurement Command

    = the sensor address <values> = values returned with a polarity sign (+ or –) <CR><LF> = terminates the response <CRC> = 16-bit CRC code appended if data was requested with aMC! or aCC!. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 56: Continuous Measurement Command (Ar0

    Transparent mode is entered while the computer is communicating with the data logger through a terminal emulator program. It is accessed through Campbell Scientific data logger support software or other terminal emulator programs. Data logger keyboards and displays cannot be used.

  • Page 57: Changing An Sdi-12 Address

    3. Under Device Type, type the data logger model and double-click on the model type. This example uses a CR1000X directly connected to the computer USB port. 4. Select the correct Communication Port and click Connect. 5. Click the Terminal tab. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 58 Press Enter. The sensor changes its address and responds with the new address. In the following example, the sensor address is changed from 0 to B. 12. To exit SDI-12 transparent mode, click Close Terminal. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 59 CR1000X. C.6.4 References SDI-12 Support Group. SDI-12: A Serial-Digital Interface Standard for Microprocessor-Based Sensors – Version 1.4. River Heights, UT: SDI-12 Support Group, 2017. https://sdi- 12.org/specification TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 60: Appendix D. Phoenix Contact Power Supply Specifications

    Connection in series: Maximum power dissipation idling: 7 W Power loss nominal load max.: 18 W General data Width: 60 mm (2.4 in) Height: 130 mm (5.1 in) Depth: 125 mm (4.9 in) TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...
  • Page 61 (> 60 °C derating) Ambient temperature (storage/transport): –40 to 85 °C Max. permissible relative humidity (operation): 95% (at 25 °C, no condensation) NOTE: Additional specifications are provided in Phoenix Contact’s manual for the Quint-PS/1AC/24DC/10. TB4, TB4MM, CS700, and CS700H Tipping Bucket Rain Gages...

  • Page 62: Limited Warranty

    2. The defect cannot be the result of misuse. 3. The defect must have occurred within a specified period of time; and 4. The determination must be made by a qualified technician at a Campbell Scientific Service Center/ repair facility.
  • Page 63 Campbell Scientific’s Terms, the provisions of Campbell Scientific’s Terms shall prevail. Furthermore, Campbell Scientific’s Terms are hereby incorporated by reference into this Warranty. To view Terms and conditions that apply to Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT, USA, see Terms and Conditions ...
  • Page 64 Please state the faults as clearly as possible. Quotations for repairs can be given on request. It is the policy of Campbell Scientific to protect the health of its employees and provide a safe working environment. In support of this policy, when equipment is returned to Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT, USA, it is mandatory that a “Declaration of Hazardous Material and...
  • Page 65 Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified electrician. Only use power sources approved for use in the country of installation to power Campbell Scientific devices. Elevated Work and Weather Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.
  • Page 66 Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections. WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS,...
  • Page 67 Campbell Scientific Regional Offices Australia France Thailand Location: Garbutt, QLD Australia Location: Montrouge, France Location: Bangkok, Thailand Phone: 61.7.4401.7700 Phone: 0033.0.1.56.45.15.20 Phone: 66.2.719.3399 Email: info@campbellsci.com.au Email: info@campbellsci.fr Email: info@campbellsci.asia Website: www.campbellsci.com.au Website: www.campbellsci.fr Website: www.campbellsci.asia Brazil Germany Location: São Paulo, SP Brazil...

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