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Summary of Contents for ECM AFRecorder 2000A
- Page 1 AFRecorder 2000A Fast Air-to-Fuel Ratio Analyzer Instruction Manual 6/03 Part Number 2000A-11...
- Page 2 COPYRIGHT 1992-2003 by ECM: ENGINE CONTROL AND MONITORING. All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent from ECM: ENGINE CONTROL AND MONITORING. Information and specifications subject to change without notice.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Introduction The AFRecorder 2000A AFRecorder Components List Important Operation Notes Air-to-Fuel Ratio Sensor Physical Features and Hook-up Front Panel Rear Panel and Power Hook-up Air-to-Fuel Ratio Hook-up Analog Output and Simulated EGO Sensor Output RS-232 Communication Hook-up Stand-Alone Operation Measurement and the "SYS"... - Page 4 Recording Results and Plot Configuration Setup AFR Measurement Offset Specifications and Limits Measurements and Accuracy Recording Specifications Real-Time to Disk and Real-Time Plot to Disk Specifications Input Specifications and Limits Output Specifications and Limits General Information Theory of Operation Air-to-Fuel Ratio Sensing Display, Recording, Storage, and Statistics Maintenance Troubleshooting...
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Page 5: Introduction
Introduction The AFRecorder 2000A The AFRecorder 2000A is a portable, UEGO (universal exhaust gas oxygen) sensor-based, air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) analyzer. The UEGO sensor is mounted directly in the engine’s exhaust giving the instrument the ability to make fast, accurate AFR measurements with ease. -
Page 6: Afrecorder Components List
AFRecorder Components List The following items are included with the AFRecorder 2000A package: Item No. Description Part Number AFRecorder 2000A 2000A Air-to-Fuel Ratio (AFR) Sensor 2400E-1 AFR Sensor Cable, 20 ft. 2400E-2 120 VAC U.S. Power Cord, 6 ft. 2400G-38 12 VDC Power Cord, 20 ft. -
Page 7: Important Operation Notes
Important Operation Notes Please read and follow all of the cautions contained in the Safety Warnings section on page 41 of this manual. Air-to-Fuel Ratio Sensor Read the AFR Measurement Calibration (AIR CAL) section on page 19. Do not use the air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) sensor with leaded fuel or in a heavily-sooting or crankcase-oil-burning engine because these conditions can shorten the life of the sensor. -
Page 9: Physical Features And Hook-Up
Physical Features and Hook-up Front Panel Once the power, AFR sensor and cable, and outputs have been hooked-up, all user interactions (in stand-alone mode) with the AFRecorder are made through the front panel. To enter or operate in remote mode, the front panel is not used although the statue of this mode is indicated on the LCD display. -
Page 10: Air-To-Fuel Ratio Hook-Up
seen from the back of the AFRecorder when the AC line input module's door is closed. 1 A Slow Blow fuses are required for 100-120 VAC power and 0.5 A Slow Blow fuses are required for 220-240 VAC power. All fuses must be rated for 250 VAC. DC power enters the AFRecorder through the smaller of the two keyed circular plastic connectors (CPCs) on the rear panel. -
Page 11: Analog Output And Simulated Ego Sensor Output
Install the sensor by lightly coating its threads with a non-lead containing antiseize compound and tightening to 30 ±3 ft-lbf (40 ±4 Nm). Attach one end of the cable to the sensor and route the cable to the AFR sensor input on the back of the AFRecorder (the larger of the two keyed plastic connectors (CPCs)). -
Page 13: Stand-Alone Operation
Stand-Alone Operation Measurement and the SYS Key Upon power-up, the AFRecorder executes the following sequence: System initialization is done. The display shows "Initializing" and the "HIGH" and "LOW" alarm lights and internal buzzer are tested. If the AFR measurement function is enabled (see AFR Measurement Enable/Disable on page 20), a 45 second countdown is performed to allow the AFR sensor to reach operating temperature. - Page 14 MAIN MENU 1 MEASURE 4 OFFSET 2 RESULTS 5 AIR CAL 3 SETUP 6 ENABLE Figure 1: Main Menu (accessed by pressing "SYS") From the main menu, the user can command the continuation of the measurement and display of AFR (select "1 MEASURE" by pressing "1" on the keypad), the review of a recorded session (select "RESULTS"), the modification of the AFRecorder's configuration (select "SETUP"), or the modification of the AFR measurement function (select "OFFSET", "AIR CAL", or "ENABLE").
- Page 15 Main Menu Level 1 Level 2 Function MEASURE Measure & display RESULTS 1 REPLAY Slow motion playback 2 STATISTICS Recorded data statistics 3 POINT Display one recorded point (+: advance, -: back up) AFR, φ, λ, or %O SETUP 1 DISPLAY 1 UNITS 2 RATE Slow/medium/fast update...
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Page 16: Recording
Recording Recording is started by pressing the "REC" (Record) key while the AFRecorder is displaying AFR. During recording, the display will either show a small “R” near the decimal point of the measurement (if setup in large format) or will appear as shown in Figure 3 (if setup in small format). - Page 17 Results - Replay If "REPLAY" is selected from the results menu, the display replays the recorded data in slow-motion (see Figure 5). The display is updated with the data at each sample time. The visual and audible limit alarms are disabled during replay. @T= 1.40 SEC AFR: 17.84 Figure 5: AFRecorder Display During Replay...
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Page 18: Setup Menu
Results - Point Selecting "POINT" from the results menu allows the examination of the recorded data at a given time (point) in the recording. To examine the data, the keypad is used to enter the time followed by the "ENT" (enter) key. Then, "+", and "-" can be used to step through the recording. -
Page 19: Record Menu
Note that the units in which AFR is displayed, the units in which the analog output range is defined, the units in which the simulated EGO sensor switch point is selected, and the units in which the alarm triggers are all programmable and are all independent. Setup - Display - Rate ●... -
Page 20: Outputs Menu
Setup - Outputs Menu The choice of "OUTPUTS" in the setup menu allows the programming of the analog, simulated EGO (exhaust gas oxygen) sensor, and alarms outputs (see Figure 9). "EXIT" returns the AFRecorder to the setup menu. SETUP - OUTPUTS 1 ANALOG 4 CAL D/A 2 SIM EGO... -
Page 21: Options Menu
Setup - Outputs - Cal D/A ● The choice of "CAL D/A" allows the calibration and the verification of the accuracy of the D/A (digital to analog) conversion process of the AFRecorder. If this option is selected, the AFRecorder will calibrate its analog outputs with respect to its internal voltage reference and will hold the analog outputs at 1 V and 4 V so that they may be verified externally. -
Page 22: Constants Menu
Setup - Constants Menu The "CONSTANTS" menu is where calibration information about the engine, AFR sensor, fuel, and air are input into the AFRecorder (see Figure 11). Selecting "EXIT" from this menu will return the AFRecorder to the setup menu. SETUP - CONSTANTS 1 ENGINE 4 AIR... -
Page 23: Afr Measurement Offset
The information requested is "H:C RATIO" (the hydrogen to carbon atom ratio of the fuel), "O:C RATIO" (the oxygen to carbon atom ratio of the fuel), and "N:C RATIO" (the nitrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel). The Input Specifications and Limits section on page 30 contains values for common fuels. -
Page 24: Afr Measurement Enable/Disable
If the AFRecorder does not show "%O2: ##.#" then select "AIR CAL" from the main menu and initiate calibration. Note that the correct %O in air must be entered in Setup - Constants - Air (on page 19) before initiating "AIR CAL". The "AIR CAL"... -
Page 25: Remote Operation (Using Afremote Software)
The commands used by AFRemote to interact with the AFRecorder may be used in a user- written program. Contact ECM for information on communicating with the AFRecorder. AFRemote is a menu-driven program. Thus, operation of the AFRecorder in remote mode is not unlike its operation in stand-alone mode in that the user is prompted for entries. - Page 26 Figure 12 shows an example of the PC's main menu screen after starting AFRemote and selecting one of the pull-down menus. Along the top of the screen are the main menu's choices: "File", "Setup", "Commands", "Analysis", and "Plots". The bottom line of the screen is a status line which indicates "AFRecorder Disconnected"...
- Page 27 During software connection, setup data from the AFRecorder is sent to the PC. The AFRecorder's display will briefly indicate this by the first display in Figure 13 followed by the second display indicating that the connection is complete. The PC's screen will show a similar progression in the connection (i.e.
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Page 28: Measurement
Measurement AFR can be viewed on the PC's screen in two forms: real-time display or real-time plotting. The update interval and the measurement averaging are at the "FAST" rate and are not adjustable (see Table 1 on page 15). During real-time display and real-time plotting, the AFRecorder also displays the AFR. - Page 29 Should the "Esc" key be pressed during real-time to disk operation, the process is terminated and the file is closed with the data collected up to the time when the "Esc" key was pressed. The data is stored in a compact format ("AFRemote format") suitable for re-input and analysis by AFRemote.
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Page 30: Recording
Recording Recording is initiated by selecting "Commands", followed by "Start Recording". At this command, the PC will trigger the recording by the AFRecorder. The "Reset" command may be used to stop a recording session in progress. Note that recording is different from real-time to disk or real-time plot to disk data storage in that recorded data is stored in the AFRecorder before being uploaded and stored in the PC. -
Page 31: Setup
Hardcopy of Plots To print hardcopies of static plots on the PC's screen using DOS, a screen-dump utility such as GRAPHICS (from DOS 5.0 or greater) must be executed prior to entering AFRemote. The GRAPHICS command consists of "GRAPHICS" (without quotes) followed by the printer type. -
Page 33: Specifications And Limits
Specifications and Limits Measurements and Accuracy Parameter Units Range Response Accuracy Measured Time ±0.1 (stoichiometric) Air-to-Fuel Ratio 6.0 - 150.0 < 150ms ±0.2 (12<AFR<18) ±0.5 (elsewhere) φ 0.10 - 2.5 < 150ms ±0.006 (stoichiometric) ±0.008 (0.8<φ<1.2) ±0.009 (elsewhere) λ ±0.006 (stoichiometric) 0.4 - 10.0 <... -
Page 34: Input Specifications And Limits
Input Specifications and Limits Air-to-Fuel Ratio: • Measurement Range, Response Time, Accuracy: See the section entitled Measurements and Accuracy on page 29. • AFR measurement calibration information is provided in the sections entitled AFR Measurement Calibration (AIR CAL) on page 19. •... - Page 35 • Installation: Thread Size: M18X1.5 mm. Lightly coat with non-lead containing antiseize compound. Hex Size: 22 mm. Tightening Torque: 30 ±3 ft-lbf, 40 ±4 Nm. The AFR sensor's thread size is identical to that of the exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensors used in current production automobiles with 3-way exhaust catalysts.
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Page 36: Output Specifications And Limits
Output Specifications and Limits Analog Output: • Programmable Ranges for: Air-to-Fuel Ratio (AFR, φ, λ) or %O • Minimum Programmable Ranges (value at 5 V minus the value at 0 V): 5 AFR, 0.5 φ, 0.5 λ, 5 %0 2 •... - Page 37 Note that the “AFR” in Equation A is replaced by λ, φ, or %O for the chosen analog output units. − [Equation B] − − where: V is the value calculated and used in Equation A. is the voltage reported by the data acquisition system when collecting data.
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Page 38: General Information
RS-232 Communication: • Data Format: Bi-directional, 4800,8,N,1. • Connector: Male DB9. Pin 2: Tx from AFRecorder Pin 3: Rx to AFRecorder Pin 5: Shield ground and signal ground All other pins: Not connected • Cable: Use straight-through DB9 cable to computer. •... - Page 39 Dimensions: 10.2" x 4.6" x 13.3", 25.9 cm x 11.7 cm x 33.8 cm (W x H x D) Weight: 10 lbs., 4.5 kg. Specifications and Limits...
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Page 41: Theory Of Operation
Theory of Operation Air-to-Fuel Ratio Sensing The AFRecorder determines an engine's air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) by measuring the concentrations of O (oxygen), CO (carbon monoxide), and H (hydrogen) in the engine's exhaust. The concentrations of O , CO, and H in an engine's exhaust change as a function of AFR, as shown in Figure 16. -
Page 42: Display, Recording, Storage, And Statistics
The AFR sensor's (sometimes called a "UEGO" or "Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen" sensor) sensitivities to concentrations of O 2 , CO, and H 2 in an engine's exhaust are defined as Io 2 , Ico, and Ih 2 respectively. These sensitivities are factory-determined and provided with each AFR sensor. -
Page 43: Maintenance
(even if already correct) followed by an “AIR CAL”. If an incorrect setup parameter cannot be found and normal operation cannot be restored, contact ECM with the error number and the entered setup parameters. -
Page 45: Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings In installation and use of this product, comply with the National Electrical Code and any other applicable Federal, State, or local safety codes. Always wear eye protection when working near engines, vehicles, or machinery. During installation, turn off the power and take all other necessary precautions to prevent injury, property loss, and equipment damage. -
Page 47: Warranty And Disclaimers
Warranty and Disclaimers WARRANTY The products described in this manual, with the exception of the AFR sensor, are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 365 days from the date of shipment to the buyer. Within the 365 day warranty period, we shall at our option replace such items or reimburse the customer the original price of such items which are returned to us with shipping charges prepaid and which are determined by us to be defective. - Page 50 Los Altos, CA 94023-0040 • USA • (408) 734-3433 • Fax: (408) 734-3432 www.ecm-co.com...
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