Read This First About This Manual This technical reference manual (TRM) discusses the modules and peripherals of the BQ77307 device, and how each is used to build a complete battery pack monitor and protection solution. For details on the hardware device...
(LFP), and LTO battery packs. Each device includes a high accuracy voltage, current, and temperature protection subsystem, with integrated low-side protection NFET drivers, and a programmable LDO for external system use. The BQ77307 provides an interrupt to a host processor and integrates an I C host communication interface supporting up to 400-kHz operation with optional CRC to read status information.
Chapter 2 Device Description 2.1 Overview The BQ77307 product is a highly integrated, accurate battery primary or secondary protector for 2-series to 7-series Li-Ion, Li-Polymer, LiFePO (LFP), and LTO battery packs. A feature-rich and highly configurable protection subsystem provides a wide set of protections which can be triggered and recovered completely autonomously by the device or under full control of a host processor.
Device Configuration 3.1 Direct Commands and Subcommands The BQ77307 device includes support for direct commands and subcommands. The direct commands are accessed using a 7-bit command address that is sent from a host through the device serial communications interface and either triggers an action, or provides a data value to be written to the device, or instructs the device to report data back to the host.
Write only 0 to command or subcommand bits denoted RSVD_0. Write only 1 to bits denoted RSVD_1. 3.2 Configuration Using OTP or Registers The BQ77307 device includes Data Memory registers with values stored in digital logic, as well as one-time programmable (OTP) memory, which holds device trim information and default settings for registers. At initial power-up or after a reset, the device loads the OTP settings into registers, which are used by the device logic during operation.
Chapter 4 Device Security The BQ77307 device includes two security modes: SEALED and FULLACCESS, which can be used to limit the ability to view or change settings. In SEALED mode, most data and status can be read using commands and subcommands, but only selected settings can be changed.
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The catalog, uncustomized BQ77307 device is by default in FULLACCESS mode, so all settings can be configured in registers by the customer. If a customized, preprogrammed device is developed by TI, and the device is intended to only be used in standalone mode, then it can be preprogrammed with the Security:Security Settings[PERM_SEAL] bit set, such that settings can never be changed.
Protection Subsystem 5.1 Protections Overview The BQ77307 integrates an extensive protection subsystem which can monitor a variety of parameters, initiate protective actions, and autonomously recover based on conditions. The device also includes a wide range of flexibility, such that the device can be configured to monitor and initiate protective action, but with recovery controlled by a host processor, or such that the device only monitors and alerts the host processor whenever conditions warrant protective action, but with action and recovery fully controlled by the host processor.
Protections:Temperature:Internal Overtemperature Protection Threshold, and the internal overtemperature shutdown (based on Power:Shutdown:Shutdown Temperature). The BQ77307 device also includes an evaluation of the voltage of an external thermistor on the TS pin to implement several temperature protections (OTC, OTD, UTC, UTD) described in later sections. The device uses an internal, factory trimmed 20-kΩ...
Options[SFET] data memory configuration bit. The BQ77307 provides an option for the device to autonomously disable the CHG FET when current is detected below the body diode threshold. The DSG FET can remain enabled in this mode (based on configuration), but the CHG FET can be disabled to reduce the power flowing through the gate-source resistor around the CHG FET when current is low.
5.5 Cell Undervoltage Protection The BQ77307 integrates Cell Undervoltage Protection (CUV), periodically monitoring the voltage of every cell, and triggering a CUV alert or fault when a cell voltage falls below the CUV threshold. The CUV threshold is programmable from 0.0 V to 5.5 V in 1 mV steps and is set by the Protections:Cell Voltage:Cell Undervoltage Protection Threshold configuration register.
5.6 Short Circuit in Discharge Protection The BQ77307 integrates Short Circuit in Discharge Protection (SCD) using a dedicated comparator that monitors the differential voltage across the SRN - SRP pins and triggers an SCD alert or fault when the voltage exceeds a programmable threshold VSCD.
5.7 Overcurrent in Charge Protection The BQ77307 integrates Overcurrent in Charge Protection (OCC) using a comparator that monitors the differential voltage across the SRP - SRN pins and triggers an OCC alert or fault when the voltage exceeds a programmable threshold VOCC.
5.8 Overcurrent in Discharge 1 and 2 Protections The BQ77307 integrates two Overcurrent in Discharge Protections (OCD1, OCD2) using a comparator that monitors the differential voltage across the SRN - SRP pins and triggers an OCD1 or OCD2 alert or fault when the voltage exceeds a programmable threshold VOCD1 and VOCD2, respectively.
5.9 Current Protection Latch The BQ77307 also includes a current protection latch, which prevents the device from continually attempting time-based recovery indefinitely if a short circuit or overcurrent condition persists. Each time an SCD or OCD1 or OCD2 or OCC fault occurs, a latch counter is incremented. If a current protection fault does not occur for 5-sec after re-enabling the pertinent FET, the counter is cleared.
5.10 CHG Detector The BQ77307 provides a signal that indicates if the CHG pin voltage is above a level of approximately 2 V. The raw value of this flag can be read through the communications interface, and an alarm can be generated on the ALERT pin whenever the debounced version of this flag changes state, based on device settings.
5.12 Overtemperature in Discharge Protection The BQ77307 device integrates an Overtemperature in Discharge (OTD) Protection that compares the voltage of an external negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor on the TS pin to a programmable threshold VOTD, and triggers an alert or fault if the voltage is less than the threshold. The thermistor is biased using an on-chip 20-kΩ...
5.14 Undertemperature in Charge Protection The BQ77307 device integrates an Undertemperature in Charge (UTC) Protection that compares the voltage of an external negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor on the TS pin to a programmable threshold VUTC, and triggers an alert or fault when the voltage at the thermistor is greater than the threshold.
5.15 Undertemperature in Discharge Protection The BQ77307 device integrates an Undertemperature in Discharge (UTD) Protection that compares the voltage of an external negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor on the TS pin to a programmable threshold VUTD, and triggers an alert or fault when the voltage is greater than the threshold. The thermistor is biased using an on-chip 20-kΩ...
The BQ77307 device supports detecting a disconnection between a cell in the pack and the cell attachment to the PCB containing BQ77307. Without this check, the voltage at the cell input pin of the BQ77307 device can persist for some time on the board-level capacitor, leading to incorrect protection decisions. The Cell Open Wire detection in the BQ77307 device operates by enabling a small current source from each cell to VSS at programmable intervals.
5.21 Internal Factory Trim Diagnostic Protection The BQ77307 device performs a check of the digital trim information within the device at initial power up or after any full reset. If an error is detected during this check, the device immediately transitions to SHUTDOWN mode.
Device Status and Controls 6.1 0x00 Control Status() and 0x12 Battery Status() Commands The BQ77307 device includes a 0x00 Control Status() command, which is primarily intended for legacy bqStudio auto-detection and is not recommended for customer usage. The 0x00 Control Status() command behaves similarly to 0x3E and 0x3F when written, accepting subcommand addresses.
RSVD0 Reserved 6.2 Unused VC Cell Input Pins If the BQ77307 device is used in a system with fewer than 7 series cells, specific cells must be used for connection to real cells, as shown in Table 6-2. Short out the unused cell inputs on the circuit board. The device only evaluates protections associated with those cells designated as real cells.
6.3 LDOs The BQ77307 contains an integrated 1.8 V LDO (REG18) that provides a regulated 1.8 V supply voltage for the device's internal circuitry and digital logic. The supply current for this LDO is drawn from the BAT pin.
6.4 ALERT Pin Operation The BQ77307 includes functionality to generate an alarm signal at the ALERT pin, which can be used as an interrupt to a host processor. The ALERT pin is an open-drain pin that is pulled low by the device whenever an alarm signal is generated.
6.5 TS Pin Operation The TS pin on the BQ77307 device can be used to implement cell temperature protections with a thermistor connected from the TS pin to VSS, if the Settings:Configuration:TS Mode[TSMODE] bit is set. In this mode, the pin is internally connected to a 20-kΩ...
Figure 7-1. BQ77307 Operational Power Modes 7.2 NORMAL Mode When in NORMAL mode, the BQ77307 regularly evaluates cell voltage, pack current, and thermistor and internal die temperature, implementing all enabled battery protections, and controlling FET drivers based on programmed settings.
FETs if conditions and settings allow. The BQ77307 wakes from SHUTDOWN if a voltage is applied at the TS or VC0 pins above a level of approximately 1.2 V. If the shutdown sequence has been initiated, but the device detects the wakeup criteria (either the TS or VCO pin voltage detected high) is present, then the device stays in a "soft shutdown"...
C serial communications interface in the BQ77307 device acts as a target device and supports rates up to 400 kHz with an optional CRC check. The BQ77307 initially powers up by default with CRC disabled, which is determined by the OTP settings factory programmed by TI. The host can change the CRC mode setting while in CONFIG_UPDATE mode, then the new setting takes effect upon exit of CONFIG_UPDATE mode.
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