Page 1 Electrical Componet Wiring Home and Limit Switches CNC configuration Wizard Machine Motion Tuning Appendix A: Windows 10/11 Appendix B: Troubleshooting Appendix C: CNC Support Appendix D: Acorn Specifications Manual Acorn CNC Installation Manual rev6 11-9-23 Copyright © 2021-23 CENTROID www.centroidcnc.com...
Page 2 CENTROID makes no claims about the completeness or accuracy of the information provided, as it may apply to an infinite number of field conditions. CNC control products from CENTROID can be installed on a wide variety of machine tools in combination with 3...
Page 3 WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER DAMAGE BY FAULTY WIRING OR INSTALLATION. Acorn Warranty details are here. https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/acorn_warranty.html Basic Safety Procedures and Best Practices Motor Safety and Handling Be safely dressed when handling a motor. Wear safety shoes and gloves. Avoid loose clothing which can get caught on the motor.
Page 4 Circuit Board Safety and Handling Minimize handling circuit boards as much as possible. If you must hold a circuit board, grasp it by the edges as shown below. Before picking up a circuit board, always discharge any static buildup you may have by touching a grounded surface .
Page 5 About This Manual This manual describes how to install the Centroid CNC Acorn Step and Direction Motion Controller. The Acorn system provides up to four axes of step and direction interpolated motion, controlled by industry standard G and M Codes.
Page 6 Acorn CNC Knowledge base Videos: http://centroidcncforum.com/viewforum.php?f=61 Acorn CNC Tech Tips Knowledge: http://centroidcncforum.com/viewforum.php?f=63 Centroid’s YouTube Channel: Centroid CNC Technical Support https://www.youtube.com/user/CentroidSupport/videos Martyscncgarage YouTube video playlist: Centroid CNC Acorn Playlist https://tinyurl.com/ascxfev4 Free Centroid Community CNC Support Forum https://centroidcncforum.com/viewforum.php?f=20 Centroid Acorn and its CNC Accessories: https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/acorn_cnc_controller.html Centroid CNC Components: http://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/cnc_components.html...
Page 7 Where to find support Sign up for free tech support here: https://centroidcncforum.com/index.php How to find answers on the Tech Support Forum and Knowledge base. 1.) Review “Acorn CNC Knowledge Base Videos” and the “Acorn CNC Tech Tips Knowledge Base” before posting questions as almost every novice question has been answered here.
Page 8 Chapter 1 Acorn CNC Control Kit Congratulations on your Acorn CNC control kit purchase! The Acorn is a step and direction motion control solution. Providing up to 4 axes of step and direction signal outputs and full Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Make sure your kit is complete and has not been visibly damaged in shipment.
Page 9 ESD (electrostatic discharge) damage. A wooden surface is an ideal test bench location. • A Windows 10/11 PC with an internet connection that meets the Centroid CNCPC minimum performance specifications, or a Centroid supplied CNCPC. See CNCPC minimum requirements here.
Page 10 2.2 Acorn Bench Test Setup Accompanying Bench test video for this section is on this page. Connect the relay board: Use the included flat white 10 conductor cable to plug the relay board into the Acorn. Connect the power supply to the Acorn: Leaving the Meanwell power supply disconnected from 110VAC, Plug the 5-pin terminal block into H9.
Page 11 Plug in Meanwell power supply. The Acorn comes pre-wired to plug into 110VAC US outlet. When you are finished, the Acorn should be wired as shown in the image below. Note: the power supply will also work with up to 240VAC supply. Acorn controller powered up and ready for bench testing Apply power to the power supply and the Acorn will power up.
Page 12 Beagle Bone Green (BBG) Heartbeat LED If the Acorn Power LED is not on or Heartbeat LED is not blinking properly, see: Centroid Community CNC Support Forum Centroid Acorn Ethernet and Firmware Heartbeat status LED lights are explained in detail: https://centroidcncforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=1460...
Page 13 If you bought or built your own computer, it must meet the prerequisites listed on the Centroid Website https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/acorn_quick_start_guide.html 1.) Centroid has introduced a new software App to make configuring and testing a PC for CNC use much easier, the Centroid CNC PC Tuner! Free Download here: https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/centroid_cnc_software_downloads.html...
Page 14 Technical bulletin 309 covers this topic as well. https://www.centroidcnc.com/dealersupport/tech_bulletins/uploads/309.pdf 3. Before installing the CNC12 software ALL anti-virus, anti-malware, and 3rd party firewall software should be uninstalled (not disabled) and your computer rebooted. 99% of all communication problems between CNC12 and the Acorn are caused by anti-virus and 3rd party firewall software.
Page 15 3.2 CNC12 Software Installation Accompanying Bench test video for this section is step 3 on this webpage click to see. With the Acorn in bench configuration powered up with a heartbeat as described in Section 2.2 , install the Acorn CNC12 software as follows: 1.
Page 16 then Click “Run anyway” 5. If “User Account Control” is enabled, Windows will ask “Do you want to allow the following program from an unknown publisher to make changes on this computer?”. Click “Yes”. Windows 10/11 systems may pop up a Windows Defender SmartScreen showing “Windows Defender SmartScreen prevented an unrecognized app from starting.
Page 17 Then choose to installed Desktop Shortcut Icon documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 16...
Page 18 Select Acorn 7. Select CNC12 Mill, Lathe, Router or Plasma depending on the type of installation required. For the remainder of this document, we will assume the system is being installed on a mill. Click “Next”. Machine Type Selection documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 17...
Page 19 8. Select the default machine units, Imperial or Metric. Then click “Install” Units Selection 9. CNC12 installation will commence files are extracted and copied. Next is the Network Adapter Setup: (IMPORTANT: The PC and the Acorn MUST be powered up and connected to the CNC PC’s onboard Ethernet port via the provided shielded Ethernet Cable) while the installation process is going on.
Page 20 Network Adapter Selection NOTE: Centroid recommends using a computer with two Ethernet ports. That way one Ethernet port is used for Acorn while the second is used for internet access (Windows updates, software updates, TeamViewer Remote access etc.) If you do have two built in Ethernet ports, install the CNC12 software using the Ethernet port that indicates no network access.
Page 21 When updating this message may appear. CNC12 recognizes that a CNC PC ethernet port has already been setup for CNC use and is asking if you want to use that one. Click Yes to use that ethernet connection, click no to select another ethernet port for Acorn use.
Page 22 You most likely will see the following message below the first time you start CNC12. Simply wait until it completes, This message indicates that CNC12 is updating the Centroid CNC Acorn firmware located on the BBG. Every version of CNC12 has its own unique matching firmware that is installed automatically with the CNC12 installation.
Page 23 Click "Open". CNC12 will then respond with a message stating that the license was successfully imported. Trouble shooting License Issues: Centroid Community CNC Support Forum: Error message: “Serial number and license file does not match this system” https://centroidcncforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=63&t=3882 documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt...
Page 24 3.4 Perform the Acorn to CNC12 communications stress test. 1.) Press/Click the Reset Button to cycle the reset button to clear the reset trip state. 2.) Now Home CNC12. Press The Cycle Start Button. By default CNC12 installs in “Simple Homing” mode. Simple Homing simply sets the machine home position at the current position.
Page 25 Once homed, CNC12 will display the DRO (Digital Read Out) position of each axis. 3.) Load the Stress Test CNC program. Press F2 Load, navigate to “stressTest.cnc” and click open documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 24...
Page 26 Press Cycle Start to run the Stress Test program. Wait for the results. If the stress test fails. Do not proceed. Solve the communication issue(s). See this detailed post for guidance. https://centroidcncforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=1451 documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 25...
Page 27 Ethernet communication guidance: Always update the Ethernet hardware driver directly from the manufacture (if possible) and update Windows to the latest release, then install CNC12 and bench test, do not use: USB Ethernet adapters, regular Ethernet cable, or any type of anti virus software (must be uninstalled not just turned off). Things that will cause com errors 1.) using a RJ45 a bulk head connector 2.) Using a regular non-shielded Ethernet cable or the shielded cable is bad, try another shielded cable as a...
Page 28 3.5 About CNC control configuration Reports The Centroid CNC12 software contains a way to “capture” all the CNC and Machine tool specific configuration settings in one file called a “report.zip”. The report.zip file will contain and can be used for: ...
Page 29 Chapter 4 Bench Testing Continued 4.1 CNC12 Software Configuration Verify that the Acorn CNC control is powered on with heartbeat and the Ethernet cable connected to the CNC PC. Double click the CNC12 Icon on the desktop. The main screen of Acorn CNC12 will appear: documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 28...
Page 30 If CNC12 does not start because it timed out with the message pictured below. Press any key to exit and try again. Some CNCPC’s will do this one time the very first time CNC12 starts. If this message appears consistently then there is a communications issue or the Acorn has no logic power. See 3.4 Perform the Acorn to CNC12 communications stress test.
Page 31 4.2 Acorn Spindle Bench Test Start CNC12 with the Acorn Powered up. Once CNC12 is running you should see this display: documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 30...
Page 32 Press the RESET Button on the Virtual Control Panel. The CNC12 screen should look like this: Set Home by pressing Cycle Start. The XYZ Digital Read Out (DRO) will now look this with 0.0000 for XYZ: documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 31...
Page 33 Load the G&M code program called “spindlebenchtest.cnc”: Click Load (F2) A windows dialog box for C:/cncm/ncfiles will open Look for spindlebenchtest.cnc (see below) Highlight the file Click Open Spindlebenchtest.cnc should appear as the job name at the upper right corner of the CNC12 window: Video showing the spindle analog output bench test procedure: https://centroidcncforum.com/viewtopic.php?
Page 34 4. With spindlebenchtest.cnc loaded, press Cycle start to begin. The following screen will be displayed: (You may have to press Cycle start twice). 5. Enter the voltage readings when prompted in the Voltage reading box. Press Cycle Start to continue. Spindlebenchtest.cnc will display an error if the spindle does not output as expected.
Page 35 Chapter 5 CNC Electrical Cabinet Wiring 5.1 Introduction to Electrical Cabinet Layout and Drive Type connections. Now that CNCPC to Acorn communication has been confirmed it is time to think about electrical cabinet installation and basic axis motor drive type connections. Stepper Drives connect to the DB25 port, most common method is to use a DB25 breakout connector board as seen below.
Page 36 There are many example axis motor drive hookup schematics available for free download on the Centroid Schematics web page. https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/schematics/pbrowse.php Use the search to sort the schematics. For example type in “Acorn Leadshine” to see all the Acorn to Leadshine hookup schematic examples.
Page 37 Related post on the Centroid Community CNC Support Forum: Control Box Building Tips https://centroidcncforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=2443&sid=00f5418e46966cadb26ca1f3b6567b17 Centroid provided Hookup Schematic sets are provided as a guide and may be found here: https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/schematics/pbrowse.php Use the Search type in search terms such as “Acorn Leadshine” to see all the Leadshine schematics etc.
Page 38 Use Snubbers on Contactors and Solenoids. Contactor blocks, solenoids and relays need a snubber across the coil. Centroid recommends using Quencharc snubber networks (Centroid PART# 1819). This reduces electrical noise. If you are new to using snubbers more information can be found in Technical Bulletin #206, the latest version can be found here.
Page 39 Closed Loop Leadshine Stepper drives with Acorn, Ground lug, CNCPC, VFD, Power supplies and circuit breakers. Link to the parts and tools used in the building of this cabinet https://centroidcncforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=60&t=8354 Keep the cabinet maintainable and easily serviceable. Buy a larger metal enclosure than you think you need. documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 38...
Page 40  Link to tools and gear that we use but don’t sell. https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/diy_cnc_gear.html  Wire management: Use PVC wire ducts (such as Panduit’s Panduct) to keep your wires neat and organized.  Use DIN rails for mounting relays, contactors, terminal blocks, circuit protection blocks, disconnects, etc.
Page 41 reliability issues. These devices are commonly used to control M code related functions such as coolant pumps, air operated ATC’s, any electrical motor, etc. Snubbers (aka Quencharcs) are used to eliminate the electrical noise generated by the coil(s) contained in the contactors, relays and solenoids (fly back diodes can be used on solenoids as well) Noise suppression Snubber (aka Quencharc) installed across contactor coil Many modern contactors have the facility to accept a plug and play quencharc that snaps onto the contactor.
Page 42 Common Wiring Problems The following information is also covered in Technical Bulletin #78 which can be found here. http://www.centroidcnc.com/dealersupport/tech_bulletins/uploads/78.pdf documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 41...
Page 43 Acorn and Relay8 board size and bolt hole locations Link to 2D CAD and 3D solid models files for the images below. Need Link to solid models. www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/downloads/acorn_documentation/acorn_relay8_dimensions.dxf documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 42...
Page 44 documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 43...
Page 45 5.2 Acorn Inputs The inputs of the Acorn are SOURCING 24VDC. That is, the Acorn supplies 24VDC at the input and they must be “SINKed” to COMmon to activate them. 24VDC is supplied via 24IN on H4 or H5. These terminals are connected internally. Inputs 1-8 can be connected to home switches, drives, inverters, probes and other sensors and switches which sink the input to 0VDC COM.
Page 46 5.3 Acorn Outputs Centroid Acorn is equipped with 8 relay outputs. Each Acorn output toggles one SPDT relay. Need image that shows gnd jumper Acorn board with Output Relay Module and DB25 Breakout installed 5.4 Wiring +24VDC jumper to inputs.
Page 47 5.5 Wiring E-Stop Circuit Basic Bench Test Estop Circuit wiring schematic S14954 Acorn Schematic: S14954 Acorn Limit, Home and E Stop wiring example E-Stop Basics  The required emergency-stop (or E-stop) circuit is a safety mechanism used to shut off the machine during an emergency.
Page 48 E-stop switches, so that if any of the E-stop switches are tripped the Acorn PLC knows that the E-stop switch is engaged.  Any Acorn Output can be used to energize an Estop Contactor. Centroid typically uses Acorn Output 1 for Estop duty. The Acorn PLC output designation for the Estop circuit is “NoFaultOut”. ...
Page 49 Contactor with snubber installed across the coil for contactors without a built in snubber or snap on snubber. documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 48...
Page 50 Testing the E-Stop Wiring  Power up the system  Start CNC12  Start the Wizard, open the Input Definitions menu. Click on the Red 8 circle beside the IN8 EstopOk input. Change it to Green (Normally Closed) documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 49...
Page 51 Press Write Settings to CNC control configuration and follow the instructions on the screen. Now that we have a normally closed Estop switch wired to input 8, Test the switch by cycling it and you will see the 406 Estop detected and 335 released message in the CNC12 message dialog box change as you cycle the switch.
Page 52 It is interesting to note that the Estop and all other inputs and outputs can be observed in real time using the PLC Diagnostic app. Press <Alt i> to run the PLC Diagnostic app. How to use the PLC Diagnostic user manual is here. https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/downloads/acorn_documentation/cnc12_PLC_diagnostic_screen.pdf documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 51...
Page 53 5.6 Wiring Axis Motor Drives Each Centroid Acorn drive schematic has a corresponding “Drive Type” found in the Wizard. Choose a schematic that matches your drive type, and select that same drive type in the Wizard and the Wizard will automatically configure CNC12 to match the schematic.
Page 54 A DB25 male breakout board is recommended for easy stepper motor to Acorn DB25 connection. documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 53...
Page 55 Typical Stepper motor driver wiring to Acorn using the DB25 connector. Schematic S14975 of a typical Leadshine stepper drive wiring documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 54...
Page 56 That information can be found here: https://centroidcncforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=60&t=5531 Centroid has created example schematics for many popular axis motor drives. Search “Acorn” on the Centroid schematic page to see all Acorn schematic. As of this writing Acorn to: Yaskawa, Estun, Delta, Clearpath, Leadshine, Stepper Online, GeckoDrive, Centroid Micro 1, DMM.
Page 57 5.7 Wiring Home and Limit Switches All inputs used for Limit and Home switches should be of the normally closed type switch. The switch should be closed when the machine is in its operational state. Note: Using Normally Open switches for Limit or Home switches is dangerous as the machine will not stop in the event of a wire break or switch failure.
Page 58 Martyscncgarage: Centroid Acorn CNC Basics - N.O. vs. N.C. Switches & E-stop Contacts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3VPnozuuug Special cases such as axis pairing and auto squaring refer to the Centroid Acorn CNC12 Axis Pairing and Squaring Manul which has detailed home switch wiring examples.
Page 59 Centroid CNC12 software supports a wide variety of Home and Limit input combinations and configuration. Centroid has provided the tools so that the integrator can configure and use the machine’s home and limit switches any way he likes. These tools are: The CNC12 PLC program, CNC12 Macro programming, CNC12 configuration menus.
Page 60 All inputs used for Limit and Home switches should be wired in a normally closed configuration. Normally Closed (NC) means that the switch should be closed when the machine is in its normal operational state. This is the CNC industry standard way of doing things. While there are situations when a Normally Open configuration would be used, in general a Normally Open (NO) setup is dangerous as the machine will not stop in the event that a wire breaks or switch failure/damage etc.
Page 61 Limit Switch: - A switch use to indicate to CNC12 that an over travel event has occurred. - A limit switch trigger causes a CNC12 Emergency Stop event. - Typically used as last resort machine tool axis over travel crash protection - Limit switches should be “Normally Closed”.
Page 62 Acorn and AcornSix Wizard The Wizard Input Definitions menu is categorized, use the drop down box to see the choices for each category. documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 61...
Page 63 documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 62...
Page 64 FourthAxishomeOk Used for individual inputs for each home switch. One input for Axis #4 home switch SlavedHomeInput Used with the Centroid supplied canned autosquaring paired axis routine. See Paired Axis installation manual. ZriHomingAll Input for axis motor encoder index pulse (aka marker pulse) homing...
Page 65 Zri input closes. See Macro programming guide page Example schematic using Zri homing. https://www.centroidcnc.com/dealersupport/schematics/uploads/S14966.r4.pdf Also there are good Zri homing discussions on the Centroid Tech Support Forum. Search “Zri” Testing of Limit and Home Switches. documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 64...
Page 66 From the main screen of CNC12 press the keys <ALT> and <i> at the same time. <Alt i> will launch the CNC12 PLC Diagnostic menu. Trigger the switches by hand and observe the assigned input Virtual LED change from Green to Red. documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 65...
Page 67 Connect three phase directly to an induction spindle motor using contactor(s) as shown in this example: Hooking the three phases directly saves costs, but prevents the Centroid CNC software from being able to control the speed of the spindle. The spindle speed will have to be controlled by mechanical methods such as pulleys.
Page 68 Spindle VFD Controller example Note: “Inverter”, “AC Drive”, and “VFD” (Variable Frequency Drive) are terms that are used interchangeably and refer to the spindle controller. Centroid does not provide spindle controllers and recommends:  Delta Products VFDs  Automation Direct GS2 and GS3 AC drives ...
Page 69 REMINDER! All contactors need snubbers! Centroid recommends using the Quencharc snubber network (Centroid PART# 1819) on the coil of the contactor. This reduces electrical noise when the spindle is turned off and on. Contactor with snubber installed across the coil documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt...
Page 70 Acorn. A 1000-line encoder count is suitable for a spindle. Be sure to check the specifications of the encoder to ensure it will operate at the highest spindle RPM. The following link lists encoders and premade encoder cables available through Centroid. http://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/cnc_components.html The outputs have additional voltage level requirements described in the table below: documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt...
Page 71 Characteristic Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Encoder channel low level Encoder channel high level Wiring Code: Wire the encoder according to the diagram and the table shown below. Refer to the encoder manufacturer’s data sheet for the wiring color code. Note: The +5V is an output provided by the ALLIN1DC. Pin Quadrature Not used Common...
Page 72 Chapter 6 CNC 12 Software Configuration Using the Wizard 6.1 Introduction to Software Configuration This chapter assumes that you have completed the board level test above, do not proceed to this section until the bench test above have been completed.. Acorn CNC12 provides a “WIZARD”...
Page 73 CNC12 Utility Menu 6.2 Primary System Axis Drive Type Wizard Axis Motor Drive Type Menu documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 72...
Page 74 This screen allows you to manage and select and even create “drive types” A “drive type” is a pre set configuration for a given make and model of axis motor drive. The drive type was create to make configuration of the Acorn system easy with its matching schematic. Select the drive type and wire the system according to the match schematics.
Page 75 6.3 Primary Input Definitions Wizard Inputs Dialog: Mill example (yours will be different)  Use the sort drop down list to select the machine type on the Input Type Drop down box shown above. (Alternatively, select ALL to see ALL the inputs ...
Page 76 6.4 Primary System Output Definitions Wizard Outputs dialog Mill example (yours will be different)  Use the sort drop down list to select the machine type on the Output Type Drop down box shown above. (Alternatively, select ALL to see ALL the Outputs. Example shown above of a currently configured milling machine, yours will be different.
Page 77 6.5 Axis Configuration Wizard Axis Configuration menu Note: 4 axis simultaneous motion is not included in the free version of CNC12, a Pro license is required for four axis interpolated simultaneous movement. CNC12 "Free" is limited to 3 axis simultaneous moves with single axis 4th axis moves.
Page 78 It is important to note, ONLY the number of steps it takes to turn the motor ONE full revolution goes in the Steps/Revolution Field! This field must MATCH the settings on the drive, do not adjust this field to adjust the commanded distance.
Page 79 Acceleration tuning is a fairly subjective process. What might be acceptable for one person or machine might be unacceptable for another person or machine. Often the limiting factors are the amount of mechanical stress that the machine can handle and the amount of current that can be provided to the motors.
Page 80: Home Program
6.6 AXIS (Homing and Travel) Wizard Homing and Travel dialog In this screen, we will setup how the machine will:  Home  The directions in which it will Home  Software Travel Limits  Machine Parking. HOME PROGRAM: CNC12 Generates a .HOM file automatically. IF you have a custom .HOM file, then change Home file to: “Custom User Defined”.
Page 81 Homing Sequence:  Sets the order in which the axis is homed.  By default, the order is 3rd axis, 2nd axis, 1st axis, and 4th axis in sequence. This is important, generally you want to move the cutter away from the table first. So typically the Z axis is first, followed by the Y axis and then the X axis last.
Page 82 6.7 Axis Pairing. Wizard Axis Pairing dialog. Note: Software Axis Pairing feature is not included in the Free version of Acorn CNC12 software. A Pro license is required to enable this feature. Axis to pair with 4th Axis  Select axis for Software Pairing. Reverse direction of 4th axis motor ...
Page 83 Home Switch Deadband Distance  The amount of travel the home program will move into the home switch once the home switch has been triggered to eliminate switch flicker (deadband).  Note: Typically, cheaper switches have more deadband. Master Axis Home Switch PLC Input ...
Page 84 6.8 Advanced Axis Configuration In general changes to settings in this section are usually not required. Only make changes when advised to do. Wizard Advanced Axis Configuration dialog Axis Signal Inversion  Invert the Step, Direction, or Enable signal for each individual axis. Sometimes required depending on type of drives used.
Page 85 6.9 SPINDLE (Setup Mill) Wizard Spindle Setup menu - Mill example Mill: Spindle Encoder  Is there a Spindle Encoder connected to the Acorn? If Yes, click on the button to move it to YES. Spindle Encoder Counts  Encoder Counts per Revolution of the spindle. This value will be the line number on the encoder multiplied by 4.
Page 86 Low range spindle speed ratio  Low gear ratio (Low max rpm divided by high max rpm). For example, if the Max RPM is 3000 and them Max RPM in Low range Low range is 500, then enter .166. If the gear reverses spindle direction then make ratio a negative value.
Page 87 (-.166) 6.11 Spindle (Rigid Tapping) Wizard Rigid Tapping Menu  Centroid Technical Support Bulletin: Acorn CNC Spindle Speed Calibration with VFD Hz Adjustment & Rigid Tapping setup must be done before proceeding with the section. See https://www.centroidcnc.com/dealersupport/tech_bulletins/uploads/304.pdf documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt...
Page 88  Section 5.9 for wiring the encoder  Rigid tapping also requires PRO License. Do not enable and test Rigid Tapping until have completely configured, setup and tested your machine! 6.12 Spindle (PWM Setup) Wizard Spindle PWM Setup menu The Acorn PWM can be used to command a Laser and/or a PWM Spindle Drive and use the Gcode “S function” (Note: PWM output is not to be confused with 0-10 s command analog output which is used with VFD’s to control 3 phase spindle motors which has its own dedicated output on H8.) PWM Setup...
Page 89 Note: PWM output is located on DB25 connector, Output #2, Pin 14. When PWM is employed it ‘takes over’ output #2 which can not be used for any other purpose. The output ribbon cable to the relay board must be modified to cut the output #2 signal to the relay when PWM is used.
Page 90  The Acorn input number used as the ProbeTripped input, as set in the Input Definitions. Probe type  Choose the type of probe being used. Centroid DP-4, Centroid KP-3, or 3rd party Mechanical/Conductive. Input state when tripped  The state of the input when the probe is tripped.
Page 91  This feature requires that the probe to has a detect signal and the input Probe Detect assigned in Input Definitions. All Centroid supplied probes have a detect signal so CNC12 knows when a probe is in use.  By default it is set to “Yes” for Mills and “No” for Lathes.
Page 92 The Acorn input number used as the ToolTouchOffTriggered input, as set in the Input Definitions. Tool Touch Off Type  Choose the type of TT being used. Centroid’s TT-1, TT-2 or 3rd party Mechanical/Conductive. Input state when triggered  The state of the input when the tool touch off device is triggered ...
Page 93  Use the top of the TT device as the Tool Height measurement reference location when measuring tool heights automatically.  Typically used when top of TT is a fixed Z position to measure all tool heights from. Commonly found on routers and bed mills.
Page 94 6.16 Control Peripheral Wireless MPG Configuration Wizard Wireless MPG Configuration Menu Wireless MPG Configuration.  Centroid Wireless MPG . Select the correct MPG model  MPG Performance allows user to change the reaction speed of the MPG.  Macro Button Configuration. User defined Macros used on the WMPG. Click on buttons 1-4 to Edit each Button Macro and program them for a custom use.
Page 95 6.17 DB25 Connector selection and optional Mapping Step and direction output  Selection between “Screw Terminal” OR DB25 Port. Wizard DB25 setlection and optional Signal Mapping Menu Screw Terminal step and direction output Screw Terminal Step and Direction outputs are designed for AC servo motor drives that accept 24 volt open collector signals.
Page 96 Enable DB25 use default pin mapping OR create a custom DB25 pin map  The default DB25 pin configuration uses the long time Gecko G540/Mach3 standard This is what most users will use. The Acorn Wizard allows the user to change the pin out (which pins do what) of the DB25 connector via software therefore saving on custom cable or adapter creation for connection to non standard pin out drives and breakout boards.
Page 97 6.18 CNC Control Preferences Wizard CNC Control Preferences menu CNC12 Configuration Menu password  Set Password to access CNC12 Configuration menus. Prevents accidental editing of the CNC12 configuration menu by operators.  Default password is 137, you can change it or eliminate it ...
Page 98 Minimum percentage to invoke Feed Hold  Feed hold will be active when Feedrate override is below this value. This is a nice feature when used in conjunction with the Wireless MPG as turning the MPG knob will down to slow down the machine will put the machine into feed hold mode automatically once the feedrate override goes below this threshold.
Page 99  Most machines are setup so that the worklight is ON when the machine is on by default. This selection allows user to choose to NOT have the worklight come on when the machine is on. The work light is still always activated by the VCP worklight button in either case.
Page 100 Ask for password when opening Wizard  Locks user out of Wizard unless password is entered  If enabled, uses the same as the Configuration Menu Password 6.20 Preferences VCP Aux Keys Macro Assignments Wizard VCP Auxiliary Key Macro Assignments menu Virtual Control Panel Macro Assignments ...
Page 101 6.21 Lube Pump Preferences Wizard Lube Pump Menu Lube Pump Type and Functionality Define Lube Pump type, Mechanical, Direct Controlled, Electronic, or Custom.  Mechanical: The Lube Pump Output is on at all times when CNC12 is running job or in MDI mode. This is used for Lube Pumps with their own timer.
Page 102 DISABLE the drive under Acorn control. This can be setup later after motor is moving under CNC12 control (If these tips do not resolve the issue, visit the Centroid Acorn User Forums: and be sure to follow this post explicitly about how to request support: The more information you can provide, the better suggestion we can make.
Page 103 Mechanically connect the axis motors to the machine, allowing the motors to control the movement of the machine. Power up the machine. Release E-stop to provide power to the axis motors 10 Check home configuration: Make sure in the Wizard (F7 Utility, F10 Wizard), you have SIMPLE HOME selected next to Homing Type.
Page 104 NOTE: For machines that move the table while the tool remains stationary such as the X & Y axes on a typical Bridgeport type knee mill, the table motion is the opposite of the “tool motion”. For machines that move the tool, such as the quill on a knee mill, axis motion is the same as the tool motion.
Page 105 7.2 Coarse configuration of commanded movement vs actual/DRO display. For imperial machine configurations the “Overall Turns Ratio” is the number of motor revolutions required to move an axis 1” For metric machine configurations the “Overall Turns Ratio” is the number of mm's traveled during one revolution of the motor.
Page 106 Using Metric Units To calculate the value to be entered in the overall turns ratio, when using metric the units are mm/revolution of the motor. This distance that the machine moves in mm for one revolution of the axis motor. When command to move 2500 mm and the machine moves 2500 mm you have the correct overall turns ratio and you can stop.
Page 107 Test Fixture The gage block should be appropriately 6 inches to 12 inches in length. A longer standard will give you better accuracy. (alternatively several 1-2-3 blocks can be measured and used in place of the gauge block shown. It is important the exact dimensions are known of the gauge block being used.) Secure the test fixture so that it runs parallel to the axis being tested.
Page 108 Zero the DRO position in CNC12. From the main menu, press F1 – Setup → F1 Part → F10 Set Zero for the given axis you are working on: Raise the spindle axis: Move the axis that the indicator is on so that it is away from the test fixture.
Page 109 Calculate new Overall Turns ratio values: Imperial Units: To calculate the new overall turns ratio for inch units, divide the distance moved (Digital Read Out value) by the distance that the axis actually moved (the dimension of the standard). Multiply this result by the current value in the Overall Turns Ratio field for the axis you are working on.
Page 110 compensating for backlash! Enter the Wizard. F7 Utility, F10 Wizard. Proceed to the Axis Configuration Screen. Zero out any backlash values that was previously entered into the Lash Comp fields save the zero settings with “write settings to cnc control” and confirm changes were made.
Page 111 Now press the incremental jog button 10 times in the opposite direction. documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 110...
Page 112 The dial indicator will do one of two things, it will return to the observed and remembered starting location (in this case “21”) or it will ‘fall short’ of the observed position of 21, the amount that it falls short is the mechanical backlash of the axis.
Page 113 7.5 Software Travel Limits Relevant Video: Setting Software Travel Limits https://youtu.be/X7i4bKGLwVQ NOTICE: Without software travel limits the machine can go maximum speed until a limit switch is tripped as shown below. Sometimes there is not enough time to decelerate the axis after the limit switch is tripped causing the machine to crash into the hard stop.
Page 114 will be the software travel limit for that axis. (Note: Some values may be a negative number, (it all depends on where you decided to set the home position) record the negative number) Repeat and write down the values for each individual axis. From the CNC12 main screen, enter the Wizard by pressing F7 Utility, F10 Wizard.
Page 115 Appendix A Windows 10 Configuration Windows 10 configuration for use with Centroid CNC software and hardware. This procedure is outlined here on this page.https://www.centroidcnc.com/centroid_diy/acorn_quick_start_guide.html and in TB#309 https://www.centroidcnc.com/dealersupport/tech_bulletins/uploads/309.pdf documents\acorn_installation_manual\centroid_acorn_installation_manual_rev12.odt Page 114...
Page 116: Appendix B Troubleshooting
Appendix B Troubleshooting CNC12 Acorn Communication Time Out If you received the message in the screen below: Manually check the Ipv4 Settings for the Ethernet adapter being used with Acorn. Ethernet adapter used with Acorn should have IPv4 manually configured: ...
Page 117 Click “Turn Windows Defender Firewall off” for both Public and Private networks Windows defender is now off. Now check the CNCPC for Antivirus or Antispyware software. These software programs will block CNC12. Sometimes these programs will allow CNC12 to run however, the program will slow communication between CNC12 and the Acorn causing inconsistent performance.
Page 118 PLC Diagnostic Screen From the main program window press alt+i, to bring up the real time I/O (input output ) display.  Using the four arrow keys on the keyboard, you can move your cursor from row to row and within the row to select the item you want to use.
Page 119 A touch screen is not required to run Centroid CNC software ( a mouse works just fine) but, a touch screen does work with Centroid CNC software. If you want to use a touch screen the best ones to use in a CNC environment are resistive touch screens.
Page 120 Appendix D: ACORN CNC controller _rev4 Specifications Manual For Revision 190201 Updated 9/16/19 Overview ACORN is technically a breakout board for the BeagleBone Green or BeagleBone Black embedded computer. The remainder of this document will refer to the breakout board with BeagleBone installed as ACORN.
Page 121 Typical Connections Connections Two connection methods are available. A female DB25 connector is available that can mate with many stepper control units with a straight through cable. The inputs and outputs are 5V compatible. Check the DB25 pinout and circuit descriptions to determine if it is compatible with a particular control unit.
Page 122 DB25 (H6) Signals Out put 1 Out put 2 St ep 1 Input 5 Direct ion 1 Out put 3 St ep 2 Out put 4 Direct ion 2 St ep 3 Direct ion 3 St ep 4 Direct ion 4 Input 1 Input 2 Input 3...
Page 123 PLC Section The ACORN has 8 digital inputs, 8 digital outputs, and one analog output. Check the “ACORN I/O Map” and “ACORN Specifications” sections to determine I/O type and capability. Outputs 5V logic level relay outputs are available on the DB25 connector. 8 open collector outputs are normally wired with a ribbon cable to an external 8 relay board.
Page 124: Input Connection Examples
Input Connection Examples ACORN Inputs Switch Wiring Example External Power Supply +24 VDC 24 COM H1 or H4 ACORN Inputs Sinking (NPN) Sensor Wiring Example External Power Supply +24 VDC +24 VDC 24 COM Sensor 24 COM Notice: Do not use 2 wire sensors. The voltage drop across 2 wire sensors usually causes unreliable operation.
Page 125: Analog Output
Analog Output An analog output is provided for controlling spindle speed. The output voltage range is 0 to 10 VDC. Internal Circuitry Analog Output +24 VDC ANALOG Analog Out put Analog Comm on 24 COM Analog Output Calculations The analog output uses a 12 bit digital to analog converter (DAC) to generate analog from the DAC request sent from the PLC program.
Page 126 ACORN I/O Map Input Specification Input Location 1 Input Location 2 Numbe Connect Function Type Type Connector General Purpose Sourcing Logic w/ 5V Pullup General Purpose Sourcing Logic w/ 5V Pullup General Purpose Sourcing Logic w/ 5V Pullup General Purpose Sourcing Logic w/ 5V Pullup General Purpose...
Page 127 ACORN Connections Heartbeat (RED) Input 24 VDC +24 Power (GRN) Input 4 Input 3 In 4 Input 2 In 3 Out 1 In 2 Out 2 Input 1 In 1 Out 3 Out 4 Out 5 Out 6 Out 7 Input 4 Common Out 8...
Page 128 ACORN Mounting Footprint 5.400" (137.2mm) 4.800" (121.9mm) 4.200" (106.7mm) 3.600" (91.4mm) svn://192.168.0.222/hardware/ACORN/160520/docs/ACORN_MAN.doc Page 9 of 10...
Page 129 8 Relay Board Mounting Footprint 0.150" (3.8mm) Out 1 NC Common Out 1 NO Out 2 NC Common Out 2 NO Out 3 NC Common Out 3 NO Output 1 Out 4 NC Output 2 Common Output 3 Out 4 NO 5.669"...
Page 130: Main Features
RELAY ISO9002 1. MAIN FEATURES • Switching capacity available by 10A in spite of small size design for highdensity P.C. board mounting technique. • UL,CUL,TUV recognized. • Selection of plastic material for high temperature and better chemical solution performance. • Sealed types available. •...
Page 131: Contact Rating
6. COIL DATA CHART (AT20 C) Coil Coil Nominal Nominal Power Pull-In Drop- Out Max- Allowable Coil Voltage Voltage Current Resistance Consumption Voltage Voltage Voltage Sensitivity Code (VDC) (mA) (Ω) ±10% (VDC) (VDC) (VDC) abt. 0.36W 75%Max. 10% Min. 120% (High 71.4 Sensitivity)
Page 132 Acorn CNC control board Mounting Footprint. 5.4” 3.6” 4.2” 4.8” .150” / 3.8 mm diameter - Holes are clearence for 6-32 (.150” / 3.8 mm diameter diameter) - 6-32 metal stando s are recommended...
Page 133 Acorn CNC 8 Relay Module Mounting Footprint. 2.205” 56mm 5.354” 5.669” 136mm 144mm 1.890” 48 mm .150” / 3.8 mm diameter - Holes are clearence for 6-32 (.150” / 3.8 mm diameter) - 6-32 metal stando s are recommended The 8 Realy Module Din Rail Mounting holes accept Din Rail standard clips such as the Wago 209188 clip and alternatives.
Page 134 Data sheet | Item number: 209-188 Mounting foot; can be assembled on terminal blocks with fixing flange; gray www.wago.com/209-188 Color: Data Geometrical Data Width 5 mm / 0.197 inch Height from upper-edge of DIN-35 rail 5.1 mm / 0.201 inch Depth 42.4 mm / 1.669 inch Material Data Weight 0.96 g ...

Centroid AcornCNC Installation Manual

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Summary of Contents for Centroid AcornCNC

Page 80: Home Program

Page 116: Appendix B Troubleshooting

Page 124: Input Connection Examples

Page 125: Analog Output

Page 130: Main Features

Page 131: Contact Rating