Flight Summary; Flight Planning Information Supplement; Factors Addressed In The Performance Charts; Factors Not Addressed In The Performance Charts - Piper PA-24-250 COMANCHE Pilot Operating Handbook

Aircran Publicclllons
Pipcr Cornanchc 2 5 0 (Early Model)
Section
-
5
Performance
FLIGHT PLANNING EXAMPLE (Cont.)
7.)
Flight Summary:
145 min
429 sm
Total Fuel Required ............................
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34 GaV204 Ibs
FLIGHT PLANNING INFORMATION SUPPLEMENT
Takeoff and landing performance is of primary interest in operating an aircraft because it defines
the runway length requirements. In addition to the importance of proper piloting technique, any
factor which affects the velocity or acceleration during the takeoff run will affect the takeoff
distance. Likewise, any factor which affects the landing velocity or deceleration during the landing
roll will affect landing distance. Because not all factors affecting takeoff and landing performance
are included in the accompanying charts, the following information is provided.
1.) Factors Addressed in the Performance Charts:
A,) Ambient Temperature
B.) Pressure Altitude
C.) Gross Weight
D.) Headwind Component
Runway surface: paved, level, dry
2.) Factors Not Addressed in the Performance Charts:
Percent increase in distance required
for ground roll and total
distance over a 50 ft obstacle.
**
NOTE
** Factors are cumulative and must be added.
Takeoff Landing
A.) Runway Surface:
Dry Grass (Short - Less Than 5 in)
20% 20%
Dry Grass (Tall
-
Greater Than 5 in)
25% 30%
Wet Grass (Short)
25% 3 0%
Wet Grass (Tall)
3 0% 40%
Soft Ground or Deep Snow
25%
+
25%
+
B.) Runway Slope: (Each 2 Degrees) (Uphill) 10% (Downhill) 10%
C.) Tailwind Component: (Equal to 10% of Liftoff Speed)
20% 20%
**NOTE
**
High humidity will reduce engine power as much as 10% and increase takeoff run proportionally.
Numerous variables prevent the precise measurement of the effects of runway surface on rolling
resistance. Figures related to runway surface are estimates, and can deviate vastly. A wet andlor
icy runway, together with the effects of hydroplaning will greatly reduce braking effectiveness and
increase stopping distance up to as much as six times normal. Tall grass, soft ground and snow all
increase rolling resistance and shorten landing roll, but no set figures are given for their effect.
Copyright: 1993 Page 5-4