Ublox SAM-M10Q Integration Manual

Standard precision gnss antenna module

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SAM-M10Q

Standard precision GNSS antenna module

Professional grade

Integration manual

Abstract

This document describes the features and application of the u-blox SAM-

M10Q GNSS antenna module, an ultra-low-power standard precision GNSS

receiver with an integrated antenna.

www.u-blox.com

UBX-22020019 - R01

C1-Public

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Page 1  SAM-M10Q Standard precision GNSS antenna module Professional grade Integration manual Abstract This document describes the features and application of the u-blox SAM- M10Q GNSS antenna module, an ultra-low-power standard precision GNSS receiver with an integrated antenna. www.u-blox.com UBX-22020019 - R01...
Page 2 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Document information Title SAM-M10Q Subtitle Standard precision GNSS antenna module Document type Integration manual Document number UBX-22020019 Revision and date 29-Aug-2022 Disclosure restriction C1-Public This document applies to the following products: Product name Type number FW version IN/PCN reference RN reference...
Page 3: Table Of Contents
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Contents 1 System description.......................5 1.1 Overview..............................5 1.2 Architecture..............................6 1.2.1 Block diagram..........................6 1.3 Pin assignment............................6 2 Receiver functionality......................9 2.1 Receiver conﬁguration....................9 2.1.1 Basic receiver conﬁguration......................9 2.1.2 Navigation conﬁguration......................11 2.2 Augmentation systems.....................15 2.2.1 SBAS............................... 16 2.2.2 QZSS SLAS............................17...
Page 4 2.11.2 Interface............................43 2.11.3 Expected behavior........................44 2.12 Multiple GNSS assistance (MGA)............... 44 2.12.1 Authorization..........................45 2.12.2 Preserving MGA and operational data during power-oﬀ........... 45 2.12.3 AssistNow oﬄine........................45 2.12.4 AssistNow autonomous......................48 2.13 CloudLocate........................51 2.13.1 CloudLocate measurements....................51 3 Hardware integration......................53 3.1 Power supply............................
Page 5: System Description
GNSS allows great power autonomy for all battery-operated devices, such as asset trackers, without compromising on GNSS performance. A front-end SAW ﬁlter and an LNA is integrated in the SAM-M10Q module. This setup ensures excellent out-band jamming immunity, for example when a cellular modem is nearby. SAM-M10Q also detects jamming and spooﬁng attempts and reports them to the host, so that the system can...
Page 6: Architecture
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual 1.2 Architecture The SAM-M10Q receiver provides all the necessary RF and baseband processing to enable multi- constellation operation. The block diagram below shows the key functionality. 1.2.1 Block diagram Figure 1: SAM-M10Q block diagram 1.3 Pin assignment UBX-22020019 - R01...
Page 7 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 2: SAM-M10Q pin assignment Pin no. Name PIO no. Description Connect to GND V_IO IO voltage supply V_BCKP Backup voltage supply Connect to GND Connect to GND Connect to GND TIMEPULSE Time pulse signal (shared with SAFEBOOT_N pin)
Page 8 System reset (active low). Has to be low for at least 1 ms to trigger a reset. EXTINT External interrupt Connect to GND Table 1: SAM-M10Q pin assignment UBX-22020019 - R01 1 System description Page 8 of 72 C1-Public...
Page 9: Receiver Functionality
This section summarizes the basic receiver conﬁguration most commonly used. 2.1.1.1 Basic hardware conﬁguration The SAM-M10Q receiver is conﬁgured with the default setting during the module production. The receiver starts up and is fully operational as soon as power supplies and a communication interface are connected.
Page 10 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual which are functional only with GPS. In addition to the conﬁguration key for each constellation, there is a conﬁguration key for each signal supported by the ﬁrmware. Unsupported combinations will be rejected with a UBX-ACK-NAK message, and the warning "invalid sig cfg" will be sent via UBX-INF and NMEA-TXT messages (if enabled).
Page 11: Navigation Configuration
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The UBX-INF-* and NMEA-Standard-TXT information messages are non-periodic output messages that do not have a message rate conﬁguration. Instead they can be enabled for each communication interface via the CFG-INFMSG-* conﬁguration group. All message output is additionally subject to the protocol conﬁguration of the communication interfaces.
Page 12 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual If a sanity check against a limit of the dynamic platform model fails, then the position solution becomes invalid. Table 4 shows the types of sanity checks which are applied for a particular dynamic platform model. 2.1.2.2 Navigation input ﬁlters The navigation input ﬁlters in the CFG-NAVSPG-* conﬁguration group control how the navigation...
Page 13 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The internal ﬁlter gain is computed as a function of speed. Therefore, the level as deﬁned in the CFG-ODO-VELLPGAIN conﬁguration item deﬁnes the nominal ﬁltering level for speeds below 5 m/s. 2.1.2.4.2 Course over ground low-pass ﬁlter The CFG-ODO-OUTLPCOG conﬁguration item activates a course over ground low-pass ﬁlter when the speed is below 8 m/s.
Page 14 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 3: Position output in static hold mode Figure 4: Flowchart of static hold mode UBX-22020019 - R01 2 Receiver functionality Page 14 of 72 C1-Public...
Page 15 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual 2.1.2.6 Freezing the course over ground If the low-speed course over ground ﬁlter is deactivated or inactive (see section Low-speed course over ground ﬁlter), the receiver derives the course over ground from the GNSS velocity information. If the velocity cannot be calculated with suﬃcient accuracy (for example, with bad signals) or if the absolute speed value is very low (under 0.1 m/s) then the course over ground value becomes...
Page 16: Augmentation Systems
SBAS signals can also be used for navigation, however they have low weighting and therefore only a minor impact on the navigation solution. For receiving correction data, the SAM-M10Q automatically chooses the best SBAS satellite as its primary source. It will select only one since the information received from other SBAS satellites is redundant and could be inconsistent.
Page 17: Qzss Slas
Multiple QZSS SLAS signals can be received simultaneously. When receiving QZSS SLAS correction data, SAM-M10Q will autonomously select the best QZSS satellite. The selection strategy is determined by the quality of the QZSS L1S signals, the receiver conﬁguration (test mode allowed or not), and the location of the receiver with respect to the QZSS SLAS coverage area.
Page 18: Communication Interfaces And Pios
CPU. Each protocol can be enabled on several interfaces at the same time with individual settings for, for example, baud rate, message rates, and so on. In SAM-M10Q, several protocols can be enabled on a single interface at the same time.
Page 19: I2C
2.3.2 I2C The I2C protocol and electrical interface in SAM-M10Q are fully compatible with Fast-mode of the I2C industry standard. The interface allows communication with an external host CPU or u-blox cellular modules with a maximum transfer rate of 400 kb/s.
Page 20 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 6: I2C register layout 2.3.2.2 Read access types The host can choose one of the following two modes: • Random read access: the master ﬁrst reads the number of available bytes at the 0xFD and 0xFE before accessing the data at 0xFF.
Page 21 However, it can be extended by setting the CFG-I2C-EXTENDEDTIMEOUT conﬁguration item to true (see the SAM-M10Q interface description [3]). By disabling the timeout, the receiver will only interrupt the data stream when the buﬀer is full. The buﬀer can store up to 4 kB and the time for an overﬂow event depends on the number of messages enabled.
Page 22: Pios
Figure 9: I2C write access 2.3.3 PIOs This section describes the PIOs supported by the SAM-M10Q. All the PIOs are supplied by V_IO. So all voltage levels of the PIOs are related to V_IO supply voltage. All the inputs have internal pull-up resistors in normal operation and can be left open if not used.
Page 23: Forcing Receiver Reset
2.3.3.4 EXTINT SAM-M10Q supports external interrupts at the EXTINT pin. The EXTINT pin has a ﬁxed input voltage threshold with respect to V_IO. It can be used for functions such as accurate external...
Page 24 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual • Cold start: In cold start mode, the receiver has no information from the last position (e.g. time, velocity, frequency etc.) at startup. Therefore, the receiver must search the full time and frequency space, and all possible satellite numbers. If a satellite signal is found, it is tracked to decode the ephemeris (18-36 seconds under strong signal conditions), while the other channels continue to search satellites.
Page 25: Security
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual 2.5 Security The security concept of SAM-M10Q covers the air interface between the receiver and the GNSSsatellites, the integrity of the receiver itself and the interface to the host system. There are functions to monitor/detect certain security threads and report it to the host system.
Page 26 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Some power save mode states clear the RAM memory. Store receiver conﬁguration in BBR to maintain the settings. GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou B1I, Galileo and QZSS signals are supported in power save mode. BeiDou B1C signal is not supported. The receiver is unable to download or process any SBAS data in power save mode and it is therefore recommended to disable SBAS.
Page 27 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual • If the receiver is able to acquire weak signals but not of the quality needed to get a ﬁx, it will transition to the "Inactive for search" state after the timeout conﬁgured in MAXACQTIME or earlier if too few signals are acquired.
Page 28 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual • If the receiver cannot get a position ﬁx in the "Tracking" state, it enters the "Acquisition" state. Should the acquisition fail as well, the "Inactive for search" state is entered. If DONOTENTEROFF is enabled and no ﬁx is possible, the receiver will remain in the "Acquisition"...
Page 29 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual If both EXTINTWAKE and EXTINTBACKUP are enabled at the same time, the receiver PSM operation is completely under external control. Setting EXTINT "high" wakes up the receiver to get a position ﬁx and setting "low" puts the receiver into backup mode.
Page 30 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual periods (in the range of minutes or longer), only use on/oﬀ operation. See section On/Oﬀ mode Cyclic tracking for more information on the two modes of operation. POSUPDATEPERIOD, ACQPERIOD The update period POSUPDATEPERIOD speciﬁes the time between successive position ﬁxes. If no position ﬁx can be obtained within the acquisition timeout, the receiver will retry after the time speciﬁed by the search period ACQPERIOD.
Page 31: Backup Modes
The receiver maintains time information and navigation data to speed up the receiver restart after backup or standby mode. SAM-M10Q supports two backup modes: hardware backup mode and software standby mode. 2.6.3.1 Hardware backup mode The hardware backup mode allows entering a backup state and resuming operation by switching the power supplies on and oﬀ.
Page 32: Time
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual RXM-PMREQ message. System reset with RESET_N signal also terminates the software standby mode and restarts the receiver. A system reset clears the BBR content. As V_IO is supplied, the PIOs can be driven by an external host processor. No buﬀers are required for isolating the PIOs, which reduces cost.
Page 33: Navigation Epochs
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual enabled, SU if GLONASS is enabled, NTSC if BeiDou is enabled and, ﬁnally, European if Galileo is enabled. The receiver will assume that an input time pulse uses the same GNSS time base as speciﬁed for the time pulse output. So if the user selects GLONASS time for time pulse output, any time pulse input must also be aligned to GLONASS time (or to the separately chosen variant of UTC).
Page 34: Itow Timestamps
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual conversion parameters are transmitted periodically (every 12.5 minutes) by GPS satellites, but can also be supplied to the receiver via the UBX-MGA-GPS-UTC aiding message. By contrast when the receiver has chosen to use the GLONASS time base as its GNSS system time, conversion to GPS time is more diﬃcult as it requires knowledge of the diﬀerence between the two time bases, but as...
Page 35: Utc Representation
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual validDate means that the receiver has knowledge of the current date. However, it must be noted that this date might be wrong for various reasons. Only when the confirmedDate ﬂag is set, the probability of the incorrect date information drops signiﬁcantly.
Page 36: Date Ambiguity
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual happen on 30th June. When this happens, UTC clocks are expected to go from 23:59:59 to 23:59:60, and only then on to 00:00:00. It is also possible to have a negative leap second, in which case there will only be 59 seconds in a minute and 23:59:58 will be followed by 00:00:00.
Page 37: Time Mark
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual with week numbers from 0 to 99 are interpreted as week numbers 3072 ... 3171 (calendar years 2038 ... 2040). It is important to set the reference rollover week number correctly when supplying the receiver with simulated signals, especially when the scenarios are in the past.
Page 38: Time Pulse
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 13: Time mark 2.9 Time pulse The receiver includes a time pulse feature providing clock pulses with conﬁgurable duration and frequency. The time pulse function can be conﬁgured using the CFG-TP-* conﬁguration group. The UBX-TIM-TP message provides time information for the next pulse and the time source.
Page 39: Recommendations
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 14: Time pulse 2.9.1 Recommendations • The time pulse can be aligned to a wide variety of GNSS times or to variants of UTC derived from them (see the time bases section). However, it is strongly recommended that the choice...
Page 40: Time Pulse Configuration
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 15: Time pulse and TIM-TP 2.9.2 Time pulse conﬁguration The time pulse (TIMEPULSE) signal has conﬁgurable pulse period, length and polarity (rising or falling edge). It is possible to deﬁne diﬀerent signal behavior (i.e. output frequency and pulse length) depending on whether or not the receiver is locked to reliable time source.
Page 41: Time Maintenance
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The high and the low period of the output cannot be less than 50 ns, otherwise pulses can be lost. 2.9.2.1 Example The example below shows the 1PPS TIMEPULSE signal generated on the time pulse output according to the speciﬁc parameters of the CFG-TP-* conﬁguration group: •...
Page 42: Frequency Assistance
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual delays so the accuracy of the supplied time is poor. Accuracy of the supplied time can be improved greatly if the host system has a very good sense of the current time and can deliver an exactly timed pulse to the EXTINT pin.
Page 43: Interface
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 17: PL bounding true position error 2.11.2 Interface The protection level bounds the true position error with a target misleading information risk (TMIR), for example 5[%MI/epoch] (read: 5% probability of having an MI per epoch). The target misleading...
Page 44: Expected Behavior
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual conditions. These conditions tend to be binary in nature, such as jamming has been detected, or the minimum number of satellites is being observed. UBX-NAV-PL reports a PL validity ﬂag (see UBX- NAV-PL.plPosValid), which indicates whether the PL is usable. .
Page 45: Authorization
UBX messages reported to the host; these messages can be stored by the host and then sent back to the receiver when it has been restarted. See the description of the UBX-MGA-DBD messages in the SAM-M10Q interface description [3] for more information. 2.12.3 AssistNow oﬄine AssistNow Oﬄine is a feature that combines special ﬁrmware in u-blox receivers and a proprietary...
Page 46 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual will be provided by the service. This amount can be reduced by requesting lower resolution, but this will have a small negative impact on both position accuracy and TTFF. See the section on Oﬄine Service Parameters for details of how to specify these options.
Page 47 Similarly, where a receiver has eﬀective non-volatile storage, the last known position will be recalled, but if this is not the case, then providing a position estimate via one of the UBX-MGA-INI-POS_XYZ or UBX-MGA-INI-POS_LLH messages will improve the TTFF (details can be found in the SAM-M10Q interface description [3].
Page 48: Assistnow Autonomous
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual • The host downloads a copy of the latest data from the AssistNow Oﬄine service and stores it locally. • Optionally it may also download a current set of almanac data from the AssistNow Online service. • The host wants to use the u-blox receiver.
Page 49 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual • The AssistNow Autonomous subsystem automatically invalidates data that has become too old and that would introduce unacceptable positioning errors. This threshold is conﬁgurable. • The prediction quality will be automatically improved if the satellite has been observed multiple times.
Page 50 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual • The UBX-NAV-SAT message indicates the use of AssistNow Autonomous orbits for individual satellites. • The UBX-NAV-ORB message indicates the availability of AssistNow Autonomous orbits for individual satellites. • The UBX-MGA-DBD message provides a means to retrieve the AssistNow Autonomous data from the receiver in order to preserve the data in power-oﬀ...
Page 51: Cloudlocate
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The longer a receiver observes the sky, the more satellites it will have seen. At the equator, and with full sky view, approximately ten (GPS) satellites will show up in a one-hour window. After four hours of observation approx. 16 satellites (i.e. half the constellation), after 10 hours approx. 24 satellites (2/3rd of the constellation), and after approx.
Page 52 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The UBX-RXM-MEASX message can be sent with UBX header and checksum, and the message can be either in binary format or as encoded text. With the compact raw measurement messages, only the payload portion of the message is sent. Encoding the data would increase the size, so the compact messages should be sent in binary format.
Page 53: Hardware Integration
Power supply at V_BCKP is optional. If present, it enables the hardware backup mode when the V_IO supply or both V_IO and VCC supplies are oﬀ. Refer to the SAM-M10Q data sheet [1] for absolute maximum ratings, operating conditions, and power requirements. 3.1.1 VCC VCC provides power to the core and RF domains.
Page 54: Rf Interference
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual If the hardware backup mode is not used, leave the V_BCKP pin open. 3.2 RF interference The received GNSS signal power at the antenna is very low compared to other wireless communication signals. The nominal -130 dBm received GNSS signal strength is below the thermal noise ﬂoor, making a GNSS receiver susceptible to interference from nearby RF sources of any kind.
Page 55: Rf Design
3.3 RF design 3.3.1 Integrated antenna SAM-M10Q antenna module is designed with an integrated multi-GNSS ceramic patch antenna. The antenna is right-hand circular polarized (RHCP) and has a peak gain of 3 dBic. 3.3.1.1 Antenna radiation pattern...
Page 56 θ. The direction θ = 0° is in the direction normal to the ground plane. The pattern is omnidirectional over the azimuth angle φ. Figure 20: SAM-M10Q antenna RHCP gain pattern in free space at GPS and GLONASS bands. Measured on a 50 x 50 ground plane.
Page 57: Rf Front-End
SAM-M10Q GNSS patch antenna module is intended to be placed in the middle of a 50 x 50 mm GND size board. A larger or a smaller ground plane can also be used. Note that when using a smaller ground plane than 40 x 40 mm, the performance may decrease signiﬁcantly.
Page 58 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The GND plane below the module is ﬁlled with GND vias to increase GND reference and to tie separate ground plane areas together. Figure 21: Example of recommended PCB layout (top layer) Note that all the GND pads can be connected to the GND plane with airgaps, working as thermal...
Page 59: Package Footprint, Copper And Solder Mask
3.4.1 Package footprint, copper and solder mask Figure 23 shows the footprint of the SAM-M10Q form factor. The suggested solder mask opening is 0.1 mm wider than the pad dimensions, as shwon in Figure...
Page 60 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 23: SAM-M10Q footprint and solder mask opening Figure 24 shows the paste mask dimensions for each pad. Recommended stencil thickness is 120 µm. UBX-22020019 - R01 3 Hardware integration Page 60 of 72 C1-Public...
Page 61 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Figure 24: Paste mask detail for each pad These are only recommendations and not speciﬁcations. The exact geometry, distances, stencil thicknesses, and solder paste volumes must be adapted to the customer's speciﬁc production processes (for example, soldering). UBX-22020019 - R01...
Page 62: Product Handling
(tip). 4.1.2 Safety precautions The SAM-M10Q modules must be supplied by an external limited power source in compliance with the clause 2.5 of the standard IEC 60950-1. In addition to external limited power source, only Separated or Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV) circuits are to be connected to the module including interfaces and antennas.
Page 63: Packaging
For more information, see the u-blox packaging information reference [4]. 4.2.1 Reels SAM-M10Q modules are deliverable in quantities of 250 pieces on a reel. They are shipped on reel type A, as speciﬁed in the u-blox Packaging information reference [4]. 4.2.2 Tapes Figure 25 shows the feed direction and illustrates the orientation of the components on the tape.
Page 64: Moisture Sensitivity Level
Units 16.2 16.2 Table 18: SAM dimensions 4.2.3 Moisture sensitivity level The moisture sensitivity level (MSL) for SAM-M10Q modules is speciﬁed in the table below. Package MSL level Antenna module (professional grade) Table 19: MSL level For MSL standard see IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020, and J-STD-033 that can be downloaded from www.jedec.org.
Page 65 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The temperature rises above the liquidus temperature of 217 °C. Avoid a sudden rise in temperature as the slump of the paste could become worse. • Limit time above 217 °C liquidus temperature: 40 – 60 s • Peak reﬂow temperature: 245 °C Cooling phase A controlled cooling prevents negative metallurgical eﬀects of the solder (solder becomes more...
Page 66 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual The best approach is to use a “no clean” soldering paste to eliminate the cleaning step after the soldering. Repeated reﬂow soldering Repeated reﬂow soldering processes or soldering the module upside down are not recommended. A board that is populated with components on both sides may require more than one reﬂow soldering cycle.
Page 67: Appendix
IO output pin or adjust the load TIMEPULSE pin 2 mA). accordingly. Table 20: SAM-M10Q hardware features Refer to the SAM-M10Q data sheet [1] for product speciﬁcation. A.2 Software changes Table 21 presents a summary of the key software-related changes between u-blox M10 and u-blox...
Page 68 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Feature Change Action needed / Remarks Default GNSS conﬁguration SAM-M10Q: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou B1C, QZSS Code change (optional) and SBAS. SAM-M8Q: GPS, GLONASS, QZSS and SBAS. BeiDou B1C New signal. BeiDou satellite IDs up to 63 supported.
Page 69: B Reference Designs
M10 receiver. B Reference designs B.1 Typical design Here are some key features for a SAM-M10Q typical design: • VCC and V_IO are connected together to a single supply as shown in Figure • V_BCKP supply is optional. If present, the hardware backup mode is supported. This mode maintains the time and GNSS orbit data in the battery-backed RAM memory if the main supply is switched oﬀ.
Page 70: Related Documents
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Related documents SAM-M10Q Data sheet, UBX-22013293 u-blox M10 SPG 5.10 Release notes, UBX-22001426 u-blox M10 SPG 5.10 Interface description, UBX-21035062 u-blox Packaging information reference, UBX-14001652 For regular updates to u-blox documentation and to receive product change notiﬁcations please register on our homepage https://www.u-blox.com.
Page 71: Revision History
SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Revision history Revision Date Name Status / comments 29-Aug-2022 jesk, rmak, Initial release. Product status is available in the data sheet.[1]. imar, msul UBX-22020019 - R01 Revision history Page 71 of 72 C1-Public...
Page 72 SAM-M10Q - Integration manual Contact For further support and contact information, visit us at www.u-blox.com/support. UBX-22020019 - R01 Page 72 of 72 C1-Public...

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