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AEROPRAKT N226AM Pilot Operating Handbook

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Pilot Operating Handbook
Airplane Model:
Airplane Registration Number:
Airplane Serial Number:
Date of issue:
Approved by:
Position:
Date of approval:
This manual must be carried in the airplane at all times.
This airplane is to be operated in compliance with information and limitations contained herein.
AEROPRAKT-22LS
A22LS-POH-04
AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS)
N226AM
#415
08.04.2021
Yuriy Yakovlyev
Chief designer
08.04.2021

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  • Page 1 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Airplane Model: AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS) Airplane Registration Number: N226AM Airplane Serial Number: #415 Date of issue: 08.04.2021 Approved by: Yuriy Yakovlyev Position: Chief designer Date of approval: 08.04.2021 This manual must be carried in the airplane at all times.
  • Page 2 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 RECORD OF MANUAL REVISIONS No part of this manual may be reproduced or changed in any manner without a written consent of the Manufacturer. Any revision of the present manual, except actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table according to information from the Manufacturer.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Table of contents 1 Introduction ......................... 5 2 General information ....................6 2.1 General description of the airplane ................ 6 2.2 Airplane specifications ................... 6 3 Limitations ........................7 3.1 Airspeeds and Airspeed Indicator markings ............7 3.2 Service ceiling ......................
  • Page 4 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 7.2 Installed equipment list ..................25 8 Airplane and Systems Descriptions ................ 26 8.1 General ........................ 26 8.2 Airframe ....................... 26 8.3 Landing gear ......................27 8.4 Engine and its controls ..................27 8.5 Propeller ......................27 8.6 Fuel system ......................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    The following ASTM standards have been and/or shall be used for the design, construction and continued airworthiness of this Aeroprakt-22LS (A-22LS) airplane: F2245-16c Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane, F3198-18 Standard Specification for Light Sport Aircraft Manufacturer’s Continued...

  • Page 6: General Information

    2 General information 2.1 General description of the airplane AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS) is a two-seat, high-wing strut braced monoplane of "classic" aerodynamic layout with closed cockpit, non-retractable landing gear with steerable nose wheel, Rotax-912 engine with tractor three-blade on-ground adjustable pitch propeller.

  • Page 7: Limitations

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3 Limitations 3.1 Airspeeds and Airspeed Indicator markings Scheme of color markings of airspeed indicator is shown on Fig. 1. Explanations are given in the table below: IAS value or range Marking Significance km/h Stalling speed at maximum takeoff weight...

  • Page 8: Service Ceiling

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3.2 Service ceiling Service ceiling of A-22LS depends on the engine type and is equal to at least: Rotax-912UL: 4000 m (13 115 ft) Rotax-912ULS: 5000 m (16 393 ft) However A-22LS has neither pressurized cockpit, no oxygen equipment and therefore may not be used for high-altitude flight.

  • Page 9: Engine

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3.6 Engine Engine data and operational limitations are given in the table below: Engine manufacturer BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co KG (Austria) Engine model Rotax-912UL Rotax-912ULS Engine type Flat-four, four-stroke Take-off performance 59.6 kW (80 h.p.) 73.5 kW (100 h.p.)

  • Page 10: Emergency Procedures

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4 Emergency procedures 4.1 General This section contains recommendations to the pilots in case of emergency in flight. However such situations, caused by airframe or engine malfunction are extremely rare provided that pre-flight inspections and checks are performed regularly.
  • Page 11 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.3.2 in level flight 1. Airspeed – 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts) - best glide. 2. Landing area – SELECT (consider altitude and wind). 3. Engine – RESTART (if time and altitude permit), see section 4.2.4.
  • Page 12 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.7 Fire in flight 1. Ignition – OFF. 2. Fuel valves – CLOSE. 3. Yoke (Stick) – PUSH to descend. 4. Airspeed – BELOW 229 km/h (142 mph, 124 kts). 5. Landing area – SELECT (consider altitude and wind).
  • Page 13 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.13 Inadvertent spin 1. Rudder pedals – FULLY AGAINST ROTATION. 2. Yoke (Stick) – PUSH to stops. 3. Rotation stopped – rudder pedals NEUTRAL. 4. Speed reached 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts) – PULL YOKE (STICK) GENTLY to recover from diving.
  • Page 14 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.15.3 Powerplant instruments failure (Tachometer, oil, water and exhaust temperature indicators, fuel quantity indicator) 1. IGNORE powerplant instruments readings. 2. Engine rpm – CONTROL by engine noise. 3. Follow PRECAUTIONARY LANDING procedure, see section 4.2.6.

  • Page 15: Normal Procedures

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5 Normal Procedures 5.1 General This section describes normal procedures recommended for safe operation of the A-22LS. 5.2 Preflight check Pilots must inspect the general condition of the airplane during its preflight check. The airplane must have no damage or maladjustments that may be critical for the flight safety.
  • Page 16 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.2.4 Right wing 1. Wing and strut surface – CLEAN and INTACT. 2. Wing and strut attachment fittings and bolts – IN PLACE, INTACT and SECURE. 3. Wing fuel tank cap – IN PLACE and SECURE.

  • Page 17: Fuel Levels, Fuel Valve Settings And Respective Actions

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.2.8 Left wing 1. Flaperon control linkage attachment – INTACT and SECURE. 2. Flaperon hinge brackets – INTACT, BOLTS SECURE, HINGES GREASED. 3. Flaperon – CLEAN and INTACT. 4. Tie-down ring – REMOVED. 5. Fuel tank vent outlet – CLEAN and INTACT.

  • Page 18: Engine Starting

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3. FUEL LEVEL IS BELOW 1/4 IN ONE OF THE TANKS – BOTH FUEL VALVES MUST BE ALWAYS OPEN. 5.4 Engine starting 4. Starter key – INSERT, set to ON. 5. Fuel level – CHECK (see 5.3).

  • Page 19: Normal Takeoff

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.7 Normal takeoff 1. Hold position – OCCUPY. 2. Rudder pedals – NEUTRAL. 3. Brakes – RELEASE. 4. Throttle – gradually FULL POWER. 5. Yoke (Stick) – elevator NEUTRAL, ailerons AGAINST CROSSWIND. 6. Rudder pedals – maintain takeoff direction.

  • Page 20: Cruise

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.10 Cruise 1. Flight altitude – OCCUPY and monitor, in strong turbulence – at least 100 m (300 ft). 2. Cruise speed – SET, in strong turbulence – minimum 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts), maximum 168 km/h (104 mph, 90 kts).

  • Page 21: Short/Soft Field Landing

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.13 Short/soft field landing 1. Flaps – EXTEND FULLY. 2. Approach distance – REDUCE by side slipping when clear of obstacles. 3. Approach speed on final – 90 km/h (56 mph, 49 kts), +10 km/h (6 mph, 5 kts) in rain or strong turbulence.

  • Page 22: Performance

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 6 Performance 6.1 General This section contains performance data of A-22LS airplane of standard (basic) configuration at maximum takeoff weight in the following environmental conditions: ICAO standard atmosphere (ISA), mean sea level (MSL), no wind, hard and even runway. Those data may vary depending upon the configuration and technical condition of a particular aircraft and actual environmental conditions of its operation.
  • Page 23 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 However these values should be considered as approximate as they may vary due to effect of the above mentioned factors. It is recommended to verify those values for the particular conditions in which the exact values are required.

  • Page 24: Weight And Balance And Equipment List

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 7 Weight and Balance and Equipment List This section contains information about weight and balance requirements for the safe operation of the airplane. It is responsibility of the pilot in command to ensure before every flight that weight and balance of the airplane remains within the specified limits.

  • Page 25: Installed Equipment List

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 C.G. position for the maximum take-off weight: Weight, CG arm, Moment, Item × lbs. inch lbs×inch Empty airplane × 60.6 44056.2 Crew (2×170 lbs.) × 63.0 21420 Baggage × 90.6 5979.6 Fuel (2×57 l) ×...

  • Page 26: Airplane And Systems Descriptions

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8 Airplane and Systems Descriptions 8.1 General This section provides description and operation of the airplane and its systems. Some equipment described herein is optional and may not be installed in the airplane. Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of other optional systems and equipment.

  • Page 27: Landing Gear

    ® Manual for Rotax Engine Type 912 Series. The engine is fitted with an air intake pre-heater box designed by Aeroprakt, which improves engine operating conditions, preventing carburetor icing in cold weather and increasing the engine output in hot weather.

  • Page 28: Fuel System

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.6 Fuel system The fuel system (see Fig. 3) includes two wing fuel tanks (1,2), feed fuel lines (5,6,9,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23), return line (25), two shut-off valves (7,8), fuel sediment collector (13), fuel filter (15), fuel pump (19), drain line (26) and drain valve (27). The fuel tanks are located at the wing root between the spar and aft web.
  • Page 29 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 3. Fuel system schematic NOTE: When both tanks are full, fuel may flow from one tank to the other (e.g. due to the lateral forces during side slipping or when wings are not level on parking or during taxiing), overfill it and spill out through the vent line.

  • Page 30: Airplane Control Systems

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7 Airplane control systems Airplane control systems include control systems for drooping ailerons (flaperons), elevator with trim tab, rudder and nose wheel, engine and brakes. The control system is combined consisting of foot- and hand-actuated subsystems.
  • Page 31 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.2 Elevator trim tab control system Elevator trim tab is used for controlling the force on control yokes in pitch. The trim tab control lever is accessible from both pilot seats. Fig. 5 Elevator trim tab control system The trim tab control lever 1 (Fig.
  • Page 32 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.3 Rudder and nose wheel control system Rudder and nose landing gear are controlled using pedals. Rudder is connected to the pedals in the cockpit with two cables of 2.7 mm (0.11 in) diameter. The pedals are attached to two shafts (shaft for left pedals 1 and shaft for right pedals 2) hinged to the lower fuselage beams (Fig.
  • Page 33 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.4 Control system of flaperons (drooping ailerons) The airplane is equipped with flaperons (drooping ailerons), which serve as both ailerons and flaps. The flaperon control system ensures independent function of flaperons as ailerons and flaps using a differential mechanism.
  • Page 34 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 8. Flap extension mechanism As flaps (Fig. 8) the flaperons are extended by setting the flap extension lever 1 to the required positions and thus rotating the flap shafts 5 by the respective angles via link 3 and levers 4.
  • Page 35 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 The main LG wheels have disk brakes. The cylinders are connected to each other with copper tubing 6 with outside diameter of 3 mm. The master cylinder 1 is connected with a hose 8 to the extension tank 7, installed on the firewall in the engine compartment.

  • Page 36: Instrument Panel

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.8 Instrument panel This airplane has the following flight instruments set and instrument panel arrangement: Fig. 10 Instrument panel...
  • Page 37 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Numbers in Fig. 10 denote the following: 1. Placard with passenger warning: THIS AIRCRAFT WAS MANUFACTURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS AND DOES NOT CONFORM TO STANDARD CATEGORY AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 2. Placard with operating limitations: OPERATE UNDER VMC ONLY NEVER EXCEED SPEED —...

  • Page 38: Full And Static Pressure System

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.9 Full and static pressure system This system supplies the full (dynamic) and static pressure of the outside air to the instruments measuring the flight parameters: airspeed, rate of climb and altitude. The system consists of the full and static pressure probe 1 and full 2 and static 3 pressure lines connecting the probe to the instruments (see Fig.
  • Page 39 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 the instrument panel). The fuses are required to protect the electrical system and consumers from short circuit and must be of appropriate type and size. MASTER switch controls power supplies of all onboard consumers (except for the engine ignition system and consumers with their own built-in power source, e.g.
  • Page 40 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 12. Wiring diagram of A-22LS electrical system (main)
  • Page 41 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 13. Wiring diagram for installation of the SV-EMS-220...
  • Page 42 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 14. Wiring diagram for installation of the Dynon SkyView system...
  • Page 43 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 15. Wiring diagram for installation of the autopilot servo...
  • Page 44 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 16. Wiring diagram for installation of the radio SV-COM-425 Fig. 17. Wiring diagram for installation of the windshield air fans...
  • Page 45 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 18. Wiring diagram for installation of Artex ELT 345 Fig. 19. Wiring diagram for installation of PTT control buttons...
  • Page 46 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 20. Wiring diagram for installation of the navigation and strobe lights...

  • Page 47: Seats And Harness Belts

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.11 Seats and harness belts The airplane is equipped with adjustable seats with soft cushions. The seats are attached to two transverse beams inside fuselage. The harness belts are of the 4-point type. Two shoulder belts are passed over the shoulders from behind and are joined to the waist belts with adjustable buckles.

  • Page 48: Aircraft Ground Handling And Servicing

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 9 Aircraft Ground Handling and Servicing 9.1 Introduction This section contains recommendations on aircraft ground handling and servicing important for safe and efficient operation of this aircraft. Besides owners/pilots should keep contact with the aircraft manufacturer in order to obtain in time all service bulletins relevant to their aircraft.

  • Page 49: Servicing Fuel, Oil And Coolant

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Airplane parking and tie-down shall be done with its nose into the wind (preferably) or at least across the wind but never tail to the wind to avoid damaging the control surfaces. For tying the airplane down use the wing struts near their attachment points to the wing and propeller shaft.

  • Page 50: Disassembling And Assembling The Airplane

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 washing should be done using cloth or soft sponge abundantly soaked in water with addition of mild washing agents. Never use gasoline, solvents or other aggressive liquids for washing the airplane and especially the cockpit glass! Cockpit glass must be finally washed with plenty of water.
  • Page 51 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 9.6.2 Stabilizer removal Remove the stabilizer (see Fig. 23) as follows: 1. Disconnect the control cable from the trim tab arm. 2. Disconnect the rudder rod from the elevator arm. 3. Undo the nut from the rear attachment bolt 4.
  • Page 52 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 - remove the split pins from engine mount attachment studs; - undo the nuts, take out the bolts and remove the engine. Engine installation should be performed in reversed order. After installation of the engine install the propeller on it.

  • Page 53: Supplements

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10 Supplements 10.1 General This section contains information concerning the particular configuration of this airplane (list of installed equipment) along with its actual empty weight and balance data. Any additional manuals for the installed equipment are indicated here.

  • Page 54: List Of Installed Equipment

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.6 List of installed equipment All equipment installed or replaced in this airplane must be listed in the table below. The equipment affecting weight and balance of the airplane must be also listed in the table of the section 7.2 Installed equipment list.

  • Page 55: Actual Empty Weight And Cg Position Data

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.7 Actual empty weight and CG position data This subsection contains information about the actual empty weight and respective CG position of the airplane. After final assembly, major repair/overhaul, replacement and/or additional installation of any equipment the aircraft must be weighed and respective weight...

  • Page 56: Airplane Flight Training Supplement

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.8 Airplane Flight Training Supplement Flight training on Aeroprakt-22LS airplane foresees 5 hours of flying in accordance with the normal flight procedures, described in Pilot Operating Handbook (POH). It covers the following: 1. Preflight preparation including determining the takeoff mass and airplane CG position, preflight check and preflight servicing of the airplane.
  • Page 57 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 2. Taxiing is described in the section 5.5. Airfield traffic shall be performed in accordance with the airfield traffic diagram. Before lining up full and free movements of the flight controls must be checked. 3. After lining up the engine power setting shall be increased to full and takeoff shall be performed.
  • Page 58 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.8.4 Balked landing Balked landing (go around) situation occurs due to errors made during approach which cannot be corrected or in case if an obstacle is suddenly detected on the runway. The balked landing procedure is described in the section 5.14.

  • Page 59: Airplane Owner Feedback To Manufacturer

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 the ground before the other. During the landing roll the nose wheel shall be kept lifted as long as possible and the heading shall be maintained using the rudder pedals. Immediately before the nose wheel is finally touching the ground the rudder pedals shall be set neutral in order to prevent the side load on the nose leg.

  • Page 60: Glider And Banner Towing

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.10 Glider and banner towing 10.10.1 General A-22LS airplane can be optionally equipped with E 85 tow release manufactured by Tost Flugzeuggerätebau company (http://www.tost.de) for towing of gliders or banners. The tow release is attached to the tail fuselage on a special fitting. The tow release can be actuated by pulling the tow release handle (located near the flap extension lever) connected to the tow release lever with a control cable.
  • Page 61 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 NOTE: High grass on the runway may increase the take-off distance by up to 25%, water drops and contamination on the wings (leading edge) – by 10-15%, high air temperature – by 5-10%. 10.10.3 Glider towing - After glider is attached to the towing rope make sure that the tow release handle is in its foremost position, otherwise push it till stop;...

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A-22ls

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