AEROPRAKT A-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook
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AEROPRAKT A-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook

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Pilot Operating Handbook
Airplane Model:
Airplane Registration Number:
Airplane Serial Number:
Date of issue:
Approved by:
Position:
Date of approval:
This manual must be carried in the airplane at all times.
This airplane is to be operated in compliance with information and limitations contained herein.
AEROPRAKT-22LS
A22LS-POH-04
AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS)
Yuriy Yakovlyev
Chief designer
Aeroprakt Ltd.
24, Polevaya str., Kiev, Ukraine
Tel: 0038 044 496-77-21
Fax: 0038 044 496-77-31
e-mail:
air@prakt.kiev.ua
www.aeroprakt.kiev.ua

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  • Page 1 Tel: 0038 044 496-77-21 Fax: 0038 044 496-77-31 e-mail: air@prakt.kiev.ua www.aeroprakt.kiev.ua AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Airplane Model: AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS) Airplane Registration Number: Airplane Serial Number: Date of issue: Approved by: Yuriy Yakovlyev Position: Chief designer Date of approval: This manual must be carried in the airplane at all times.

  • Page 2: Aeroprakt-22Ls Pilot Operating Handbook A22Ls-Poh

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 RECORD OF MANUAL REVISIONS No part of this manual may be reproduced or changed in any manner without a written consent of the Manufacturer. Any revision of the present manual, except actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table according to information from the Manufacturer.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Table of contents 1 Introduction........................5 2 General information ..................... 6 2.1 General description of the airplane ................. 6 2.2 Airplane specifications .................... 6 3 imitations ........................7 3.1 Airspeeds and Airspeed Indicator markings ............7 3.2 Service ceiling ......................
  • Page 4 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8 Airplane and Systems Descriptions ................. 24 8.1 General ......................... 24 8.2 Airframe......................... 24 8.3 Landing gear ......................25 8.4 Engine and its controls ..................25 8.5 Propeller ........................ 25 8.6 Fuel system ......................26 8.7 Airplane control systems ..................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    The following ASTM standards have been and/or shall be used for the design, construction and continued airworthiness of this Aeroprakt-22LS (A-22LS) airplane: F2245-14 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane,...

  • Page 6: General Information

    2 General information General description of the airplane AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS) is a two-seat, high-wing strut braced monoplane of "classic" aerodynamic layout with closed cockpit, non-retractable landing gear with steerable nose wheel, Rotax-912 engine with tractor three-blade on-ground adjustable pitch propeller.

  • Page 7: Imitations

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3 Limitations Airspeeds and Airspeed Indicator markings Scheme of color markings of airspeed indicator is shown on Fig. 1. Explanations are given in the table below: IAS value or range Marking Significance km/h Stalling speed at maximum takeoff...

  • Page 8: Service Ceiling

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Service ceiling Service ceiling of A-22LS with Rotax-912ULS (100 hp) engine is equal to at least 5000 m. However A-22LS has neither pressurized cockpit no oxygen equipment and therefore may not be used for high-altitude flight.

  • Page 9: Engine

    Flight into icing conditions is prohibited. Crosswind limitation Maximum crosswind component for A-22LS airplane is 7 m/s (14 kts). It is highly recommended to choose upwind direction for takeoff and landing with the least crosswind. It will significantly shorten takeoff and landing distances and increase degree of...

  • Page 10: Emergency Procedures

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4 Emergency procedures General This section contains recommendations to the pilots in case of emergency in flight. However such situations, caused by airframe or engine malfunction are extremely rare provided that pre-flight inspections and checks are performed regularly.
  • Page 11 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.3.2 in level flight 1. Airspeed – 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts) - best glide. 2. Landing area – SELECT (consider altitude and wind). 3. Engine – RESTART (if time and altitude permit), see section 4.2.4.
  • Page 12 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.7 Fire in flight 1. Ignition – OFF. 2. Fuel valves – CLOSE. 3. Yoke – PUSH to descend. 4. Airspeed – BELOW 229 km/h (142 mph, 124 kts). 5. Landing area – SELECT (consider altitude and wind).
  • Page 13 WARNING: Intentional spinning in A-22LS is prohibited! NOTE: In level flight and during turn stall warning is assured by the aerodynamic characteristics of A-22LS – gentle shaking of the airplane and yoke due to the starting airflow separation. 4.2.14 Inadvertent icing encounter 1.
  • Page 14 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.15.3 Powerplant instruments failure (Tachometer, oil, water and exhaust temperature indicators, fuel quantity indicator) 1. IGNORE powerplant instruments readings. 2. Engine rpm – CONTROL by engine noise. 3. Follow PRECAUTIONARY LANDING procedure, see section 4.2.6.

  • Page 15: Normal Procedures

    A22LS-POH-04 5 Normal Procedures General This section describes normal procedures recommended for safe operation of the A-22LS. Preflight check Pilots must inspect the general condition of the airplane during its preflight check. The airplane must have no damage or maladjustments that may be critical for the flight safety.
  • Page 16 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.2.4 Right wing 1. Wing and strut surface – CLEAN and INTACT. 2. Wing and strut attachment fittings and bolts – IN PLACE, INTACT and SECURE. 3. Wing fuel tank cap – IN PLACE and SECURE.

  • Page 17: Engine Starting

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.2.8 Left wing 1. Flaperon control linkage attachment – INTACT and SECURE. 2. Flaperon hinge brackets – INTACT, BOLTS SECURE, HINGES GREASED. 3. Flaperon – CLEAN and INTACT. 4. Flaperon clamp – REMOVED. 5. Fuel tank vent outlet – CLEAN and INTACT.

  • Page 18: Taxiing

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 9. Starter key (cold engine only) – set to START for 5 seconds with ignition OFF. 10. Ignition – ON. 11. Starter key – set to START until engine starts (10 seconds maximum). 12. Throttle – set MINIMUM STABLE REVOLUTIONS (approx. 1600-1700 RPM).

  • Page 19: Short/Soft Field Takeoff

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8. Liftoff – at 80 km/h. 9. Accelerate to at least 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts) at 1-2 m (3-7 ft) and start to climb. Short/soft field takeoff 1. Flaps – EXTEND FULLY. 2. Hold position – OCCUPY.

  • Page 20: Normal Landing

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4. Approach speed on final – 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts), +10 km/h (6 mph, 5 kts) in rain or strong turbulence. 5. Too high on final – REDUCE RPM, at idle – SLIP.

  • Page 21: Performance

    Takeoff/Landing distance to/from 15 m (50 ft) ..243 m (797 ft) Climb performance The rate of climb depends on atmospheric conditions, airplane takeoff weight and flap setting. The climb performance data of A-22LS in ISA conditions at MSL, maximum takeoff weight are specified below: Best angle of climb speed V ....

  • Page 22: Weight And Balance And Equipment List

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 7 Weight and Balance and Equipment List This section contains information about weight and balance requirements for the safe operation of the airplane. It is responsibility of the pilot in command to ensure before every flight that weight and balance of the airplane remains within the specified limits.

  • Page 23: Installed Equipment List

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Weight, kg × CG arm, m = Moment, kg×m Item 331.3 × Empty weight 1.520 = 503.7 Crew (2×90 kg) 180.0 × 1.60 = 288.0 20.0 × Baggage 2.30 = 46.0 64.8 × Full fuel (90 l) 2.0 =...

  • Page 24: Airplane And Systems Descriptions

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8 Airplane and Systems Descriptions General This section provides description and operation of the airplane and its systems. Some equipment described herein is optional and may not be installed in the airplane. Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of other optional systems and equipment.

  • Page 25: Landing Gear

    All engine systems (fuel, electrical, cooling) are assembled in accordance with Rotax-912 engine operation manual. The engine is fitted with an air intake pre-heater box designed by Aeroprakt, which improves engine operating conditions, preventing carburetor icing in cold weather and increasing the engine output in hot weather.

  • Page 26: Fuel System

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fuel system The fuel system (see Fig. 3) includes two wing fuel tanks 1 (each 45 l capacity, 57 I fuel tanks are optional) with filler inlets 2 and fuel lines 9 connecting the tanks to each other and to the engine fuel pump 6 (that is feeding fuel to the engine carburetors 10) via two fuel valves 3, mud box 11 and fuel filter 5.

  • Page 27: Airplane Control Systems

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 NOTE: When both tanks are full, fuel may flow from one tank to the other (e.g. due to the lateral forces during side slipping or when wings are not level on parking or during taxiing), overfill it and spill out through the vent line.
  • Page 28 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.2 Elevator trim tab control system Elevator trim tab is used for controlling the force on control yokes in pitch. The trim tab control lever is accessible from both pilot seats. Fig. 5 The trim tab control lever 1 (Fig. 5) is placed on the central console. It is retained in place by friction adjusted using the wheel 2.
  • Page 29 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.3 Rudder and nose wheel control system Rudder and nose landing gear are controlled using pedals. Rudder is connected to the pedals in the cockpit with two cables of 2.7 mm (0.11 in) diameter. The pedals are attached to two shafts (shaft for left pedals 1 and shaft for right pedals 2) hinged to the lower fuselage beams (Fig.
  • Page 30 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.4 Control system of flaperons (drooping ailerons) The airplane is equipped with flaperons (drooping ailerons), which serve as both ailerons and flaps. The flaperon control system ensures independent function of flaperons as ailerons and flaps using a differential mechanism.
  • Page 31 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 8. Flap extension mechanism As flaps (Fig. 8) the flaperons are extended by setting the flap extension lever 1 to the required positions and thus rotating the flap shafts 5 by the respective angles via link 3 and levers 4.
  • Page 32 When the brake lever is pulled the brake pads squeeze the brake disc creating the braking moment proportional to the applied force. A-22LS is equipped also with a parking brake, which is actuated with a lever 4 on the central console. To use the parking brake, set the lever to 'Parking brake ON', then pull and release the brake lever.

  • Page 33: Instrument Panel

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Instrument panel This airplane has the following flight instruments set and instrument panel arrangement: Fig. 10...
  • Page 34 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Numbers in Fig. 10 denote the following: 1. Placard with passenger warning: "THIS AIRCRAFT WAS MANUFACTURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS AND DOES NOT CONFORM TO STANDARD CATEGORY AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS" 2. Placard with operating limitations: OPERATE UNDER VFR ONLY...

  • Page 35: Full And Static Pressure System

    Fig. 11. Full and static pressure system 8.10 Electrical system Electrical system of A-22LS serves for generation of electrical power and supplying it to the onboard electrical consumers. When engine is running (its RPM is above 1400), electrical power is generated by the engine alternator, converted by a rectifier-regulator (located on the firewall) and is stored in a 14V DC 19Ah battery, located behind the left pilot seat.
  • Page 36 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 with the electrical switches for separate consumers. The engine ignition system may be switched ON/OFF only with the ignition switches. Electrical system wiring depends on the electrical equipment/instruments installed in the aircraft and therefore has main and additional (optional) portions. The respective wiring...
  • Page 37 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 12. Wiring diagram of A-22LS electrical system (main)
  • Page 38 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 13. Wiring diagram for installation of strobes Fig. 14. Wiring diagram for installation PTT buttons...
  • Page 39 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 15. Wiring diagram for installation of ICOM-210 radio Fig. 16. Wiring diagram for installation of analog engine instruments...
  • Page 40 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 17. Wiring diagram for elektrotrimmer installation Fig. 18. Wiring diagram for Garmin GTX-327 installation...

  • Page 41: Seats And Harness Belts

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.11 Seats and harness belts The airplane is equipped with adjustable seats with soft cushions. The seats are attached to two transverse beams inside fuselage. The harness belts are of the 4-point type. Two shoulder belts are passed over the shoulders from behind and are joined to the waist belts with adjustable buckles.

  • Page 42: Aircraft Ground Handling And Servicing

    Use only those grades of fuel, oil and coolant that are recommended by the Rotax engine operation manual. Fuel tank inlets in A-22LS are not fitted with a fuel filter/strainer therefore fuel must be filled into the tanks using fuel pumps or/and funnels with a fine mesh.

  • Page 43: Approved Fuel And Oil

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 If the engine is not operated for long time, oil from the engine will flow to the lowest point of the lubrication system, i.e. oil tank. So before checking the oil level on the cold engine...
  • Page 44 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 After disconnecting the wings it is recommended to insert all the fasteners back and lock them with safety wire or pins not to loose them. Also secure with safety wire the spherical bearings in the forward and rear wing attachment fittings.
  • Page 45 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 9.6.3 Propeller removal Before dismantling the engine from the aircraft remove the propeller as follows: - remove the locking wire from the studs; - undo nuts and remove the studs; - remove the propeller by pulling gently by its hub.

  • Page 46: Supplements

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10 Supplements 10.1 General This section contains information concerning the particular configuration of this airplane (list of installed equipment) along with its actual empty weight and balance data. Any additional manuals for the installed equipment are indicated here.

  • Page 47: List Of Installed Equipment

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.6 List of installed equipment All equipment installed or replaced in this airplane must be listed in the table below. The equipment affecting weight and balance of the airplane must be also listed in the table of the section 7.2 Installed equipment list.

  • Page 48: Actual Empty Weight And Cg Position Data

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.7 Actual empty weight and CG position data This subsection contains information about the actual empty weight and respective CG position of the airplane. After final assembly, major repair/overhaul, replacement and/or additional installation of any equipment the aircraft must be weighed and respective weight...

  • Page 49: Airplane Flight Training Supplement

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.8 Airplane Flight Training Supplement Flight training on Aeroprakt-22LS airplane foresees 5 hours of flying in accordance with the normal flight procedures, described in Pilot Operating Handbook (POH). It covers the following: 1. Preflight preparation including determining the takeoff mass and airplane CG position, preflight check and preflight servicing of the airplane.
  • Page 50 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 2. Taxiing is described in the section 5.4. Airfield traffic shall be performed in accordance with the airfield traffic diagram. Before lining up full and free movements of the flight controls must be checked. 3. After lining up the engine power setting shall be increased to full and takeoff shall be performed.
  • Page 51 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.8.4 Balked landing Balked landing (go around) situation occurs due to errors made during approach which can not be corrected or in case if an obstacle is suddenly detected on the runway. The balked landing procedure is described in the section 5.13.

  • Page 52: Airplane Owner Feedback To Manufacturer

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 touching the ground before the other. During the landing roll the nose wheel shall be kept lifted as long as possible and the heading shall be maintained using the rudder pedals. Immediately before the nose wheel is finally touching the ground the rudder pedals shall be set neutral in order to prevent the side load on the nose leg.

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