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AEROPRAKT 22LS Pilot Operating Handbook

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Pilot Operating Handbook
Airplane Model:
Airplane Registration Number:
Airplane Serial Number:
Date of issue:
Approved by:
Position:
Date of approval:
This manual must be carried in the airplane at all times.
AEROPRAKT-22LS
A22LS-POH-04
AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS)
N22FC
373
19.02.2020
Yuriy Yakovlyev
Chief designer
19.02.2020

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  • Page 1 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Airplane Model: AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS) Airplane Registration Number: N22FC Airplane Serial Number: Date of issue: 19.02.2020 Approved by: Yuriy Yakovlyev Position: Chief designer Date of approval: 19.02.2020 This manual must be carried in the airplane at all times.
  • Page 2 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 This airplane is to be operated in compliance with information and limitations contained herein.
  • Page 3 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 RECORD OF MANUAL REVISIONS No part of this manual may be reproduced or changed in any manner without a written consent of the Manufacturer. Any revision of the present manual, except actual weighing data, must be recorded in the following table according to information from the Manufacturer.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3 Limitations 3.1 Airspeeds and Airspeed Indicator markings 3.2 Service ceiling 3.3 Maneuvering load factors 3.4 Approved maneuvers 3.5 Fuel capacity and type 3.6 Engine 3.7 Kinds of operation limits 3.8 Crosswind limitation 4 Emergency procedures 4.1 General...
  • Page 5 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.2 Airframe 8.3 Landing gear 8.4 Engine and its controls 8.5 Propeller 8.6 Fuel system 8.7 Airplane control systems 8.8 Instrument panel 8.9 Full and static pressure system 8.10 Electrical system 8.11 Seats and harness belts 8.12 Cockpit doors...
  • Page 6 The following ASTM standards have been and/or shall be used for the design, construction and continued airworthiness of this Aeroprakt-22LS (A-22LS) airplane: F2245-18 Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane,...
  • Page 7 2 General information 2.1 General description of the airplane AEROPRAKT-22LS (A-22LS) is a two-seat, high-wing strut braced monoplane of "classic" aerodynamic layout with closed cockpit, non-retractable landing gear with steerable nose wheel, Rotax-912 engine with tractor three-blade on-ground adjustable pitch propeller.
  • Page 8 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Approved fuel types: see paragraph 3.6...
  • Page 9 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3 Limitations 3.1 Airspeeds and Airspeed Indicator markings Scheme of color markings of airspeed indicator is shown on Fig. 1 . Explanations are given in the table below: IAS value or range Marking Significance km/h...

  • Page 10: Service Ceiling

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3.2 Service ceiling Service ceiling of A-22LS depends on the engine type and is equal to at least: Rotax-912UL: 4000 m (13 115 ft) Rotax-912ULS: 5000 m (16 393 ft) However A-22LS has neither pressurized cockpit, no oxygen equipment and therefore may not be used for high-altitude flight.
  • Page 11 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04...

  • Page 12: Engine

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3.6 Engine Engine data and operational limitations are given in the table below: Engine manufacturer BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co KG (Austria) Engine model Rotax-912UL Rotax-912ULS Engine type Flat-four, four-stroke Take-off performance 59.6 kW (80 h.p.) 73.5 kW (100 h.p.)

  • Page 13: Kinds Of Operation Limits

    Flight into icing conditions is prohibited. 3.8 Crosswind limitation Maximum crosswind component for A-22LS airplane is 7 m/s (14 kts). It is highly recommended to choose upwind direction for takeoff and landing with the least crosswind. It will significantly shorten takeoff and landing distances and increase degree of...

  • Page 14: Emergency Procedures

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4 Emergency procedures 4.1 General This section contains recommendations to the pilots in case of emergency in flight. However such situations, caused by airframe or engine malfunction are extremely rare provided that pre-flight inspections and checks are performed regularly.
  • Page 15 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.3.2 in level flight 1. Airspeed – 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts) - best glide. 2. Landing area – SELECT (consider altitude and wind). 3. Engine – RESTART (if time and altitude permit), see section 4.2.4.
  • Page 16 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4.2.7 Fire in flight 1. Ignition – OFF. 2. Fuel valves – CLOSE. 3. Yoke (Stick) – PUSH to descend. 4. Airspeed – BELOW 229 km/h (142 mph, 124 kts). 5. Landing area – SELECT (consider altitude and wind).
  • Page 17 WARNING: Intentional spinning in A-22LS is prohibited! NOTE: In level flight and during turn stall warning is assured by the aerodynamic characteristics of A-22LS – gentle shaking of the airplane and yoke (stick) due to the starting airflow separation. 4.2.14 Inadvertent icing encounter 1.
  • Page 18 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 3. Airspeed and vertical speed – CONTROL using throttle. 4. Follow PRECAUTIONARY LANDING procedure, see section 4.2.6 . 4.2.15.3Powerplant instruments failure (Tachometer, oil, water and exhaust temperature indicators, fuel quantity indicator) 1. IGNORE powerplant instruments readings.

  • Page 19: Normal Procedures

    A22LS-POH-04 5 Normal Procedures 5.1 General This section describes normal procedures recommended for safe operation of the A-22LS. 5.2 Preflight check Pilots must inspect the general condition of the airplane during its preflight check. The airplane must have no damage or maladjustments that may be critical for the flight safety.
  • Page 20 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.2.4 Right wing 1. Wing and strut surface – CLEAN and INTACT. 2. Wing and strut attachment fittings and bolts – IN PLACE, INTACT and SECURE. 3. Wing fuel tank cap – IN PLACE and SECURE.
  • Page 21 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.2.8 Left wing 1. Flaperon control linkage attachment – INTACT and SECURE. 2. Flaperon hinge brackets – INTACT, BOLTS SECURE, HINGES GREASED. 3. Flaperon – CLEAN and INTACT. 4. Fuel tank vent outlet – CLEAN and INTACT.

  • Page 22: Fuel Levels, Fuel Valve Settings And Respective Actions

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.3 Fuel levels, fuel valve settings and respective actions 1. BOTH TANKS ARE FULL – CLOSE ONE OF THE FUEL VALVES (to prevent fuel escaping from the tanks through the air vent). 2. FUEL LEVEL IS BETWEEN 3/4 AND 1/4 IN ONE OF THE TANKS – OPEN BOTH FUEL VALVES.

  • Page 23: Before Takeoff

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8. To stop immediately – IGNITION OFF and ENGAGE BRAKES. 5.6 Before takeoff 1. Hold position – OCCUPY. 2. Brakes – ENGAGE. 3. Coolant temperature – CHECK minimum 60°C (140°F). 4. Oil temperature – CHECK minimum 50°C (122°F).

  • Page 24: Climb

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 5.9 Climb Speed – SET: best angle of climb speed V = 90 km/h (56 mph, 49 kts) or best rate of climb speed V = 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts) in strong turbulence +10 km/h (6 mph, 5 kts).

  • Page 25: Short/Soft Field Landing

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Pedals – set NEUTRAL before touching ground with the nose wheel (in cross-wind conditions). 7. Brakes – ENGAGE as required. Avoid braking at a high speed or with nose wheel 8. Flaps – RETRACT. 5.13 Short/soft field landing 1.

  • Page 26: Performance

    440 m (1445 ft) 6.3 Climb performance The rate of climb depends on atmospheric conditions, airplane takeoff weight and flap setting. The climb performance data of A-22LS in ISA conditions at MSL, maximum takeoff weight are specified below: Engine Rotax-912UL...
  • Page 27 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 161 km/h (100 mph, 87kts) 19 l/h (5.0 US gal/h) 180 km/h (112 mph, 97 kts) 25 l/h (6.6 US gal/h) However these values should be considered as approximate as they may vary due to effect of the above mentioned factors.

  • Page 28: Weight And Balance And Equipment List

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 7 Weight and Balance and Equipment List This section contains information about weight and balance requirements for the safe operation of the airplane. It is responsibility of the pilot in command to ensure before every flight that weight and balance of the airplane remains within the specified limits.

  • Page 29: Installed Equipment List

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 C.G. position for the maximum take-off weight: Weight, CG arm, Moment, Item × lbs. inch lbs×inch Empty airplane × 61.6 47186 Crew (2×80.0 kg) × 63.0 22176 Baggage × 90.6 1993 Fuel (2×57 l) ×...
  • Page 30 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04...

  • Page 31: Airplane And Systems Descriptions

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8 Airplane and Systems Descriptions 8.1 General This section provides description and operation of the airplane and its systems. Some equipment described herein is optional and may not be installed in the airplane. Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of other optional systems and equipment.

  • Page 32: Landing Gear

    Manual for Rotax ® Engine Type 912 Series. The engine is fitted with an air intake pre-heater box designed by Aeroprakt, which improves engine operating conditions, preventing carburetor icing in cold weather and increasing the engine output in hot weather.

  • Page 33: Fuel System

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.6 Fuel system The fuel system (see Fig. 3 ) includes two wing fuel tanks (1,2), feed fuel lines (5,6,9,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23), return line (25), two shut-off valves (7,8), fuel sediment collector (13), fuel filter (15), fuel pump (19), drain line (26) and drain valve (27). The fuel tanks are located at the wing root between the spar and aft web.
  • Page 34 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 3. Fuel system schematic NOTE: When both tanks are full, fuel may flow from one tank to the other (e.g. due to the lateral forces during side slipping or when wings are not level on parking or during taxiing), overfill it and spill out through the vent line.
  • Page 35 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04...

  • Page 36: Airplane Control Systems

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7 Airplane control systems Airplane control systems include control systems for drooping ailerons (flaperons), elevator with trim tab, rudder and nose wheel, engine and brakes. The control system is combined consisting of foot- and hand-actuated subsystems.
  • Page 37 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.2 Elevator trim tab control system Elevator trim tab is used for controlling the force on control yokes in pitch. The trim tab control lever is accessible from both pilot seats. Fig. 5 Elevator trim tab control system The trim tab control lever 1 ( Fig.
  • Page 38 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.3 Rudder and nose wheel control system Rudder and nose landing gear are controlled using pedals. Rudder is connected to the pedals in the cockpit with two cables of 2.7 mm (0.11 in) diameter. The pedals are attached to two shafts (shaft for left pedals 1 and shaft for right pedals 2) hinged to the lower fuselage beams ( Fig.
  • Page 39 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.7.4 Control system of flaperons (drooping ailerons) The airplane is equipped with flaperons (drooping ailerons), which serve as both ailerons and flaps. The flaperon control system ensures independent function of flaperons as ailerons and flaps using a differential mechanism.
  • Page 40 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 8. Flap extension mechanism As flaps ( Fig. 8 ) the flaperons are extended by setting the flap extension lever 1 to the required positions and thus rotating the flap shafts 5 by the respective angles via link 3 and levers 4.
  • Page 41 A-22LS is equipped also with a parking brake, which is actuated with a lever 4 on the central console. To use the parking brake, set the lever to 'Parking brake ON', then pull and release the brake lever.

  • Page 42: Instrument Panel

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.8 Instrument panel This airplane has the following flight instruments set and instrument panel arrangement: Fig. 10 Instrument panel...
  • Page 43 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Numbers in Fig. 10 denote the following: 1. Placard with passenger warning: THIS AIRCRAFT WAS MANUFACTURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS AND DOES NOT CONFORM TO STANDARD CATEGORY AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS 2. Placard with operating limitations: OPERATE UNDER VMC ONLY NEVER EXCEED SPEED —...
  • Page 44 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 STARTER marking...

  • Page 45: Full And Static Pressure System

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.9 Full and static pressure system This system supplies the full (dynamic) and static pressure of the outside air to the instruments measuring the flight parameters: airspeed, rate of climb and altitude. The system consists of the full and static pressure probe 1 and full 2 and static 3 pressure lines connecting the probe to the instruments (see Fig.

  • Page 46: Electrical System

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.10 Electrical system Electrical system of A-22LS serves for generation of electrical power and supplying it to the onboard electrical consumers. When engine is running (its RPM is above 1400), electrical power is generated by the engine alternator, converted by a rectifier-regulator (located on the firewall) and is stored in a 12V DC 18 Ah battery, located under the left pilot seat.
  • Page 47 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 12. Wiring diagram of A-22LS electrical system (main)
  • Page 48 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 13. Wiring diagram for installation of the SV-EMS-220...
  • Page 49 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 14. Wiring diagram for installation of the Dynon SkyView system...
  • Page 50 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 15. Wiring diagram for installation of the autopilot servo...
  • Page 51 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 16. Wiring diagram for installation of the radio GARMIN GTR 200 Fig. 17. Wiring diagram for installation of the windshield air fans...
  • Page 52 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 18. Wiring diagram for installation of Artex ELT 345 Fig. 19. Wiring diagram for installation of PTT control buttons...
  • Page 53 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 20. Wiring diagram for installation of the navigation and strobe lights...

  • Page 54: Seats And Harness Belts

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 8.11 Seats and harness belts The airplane is equipped with adjustable seats with soft cushions. The seats are attached to two transverse beams inside fuselage. The harness belts are of the 4-point type. Two shoulder belts are passed over the shoulders from behind and are joined to the waist belts with adjustable buckles.

  • Page 55: Aircraft Ground Handling And Servicing

    Use only those grades of fuel, oil and coolant that are recommended by the Rotax engine operation manual. Fuel tank inlets in A-22LS are not fitted with a fuel filter/strainer therefore fuel must be filled into the tanks using fuel pumps or/and funnels with a fine mesh.

  • Page 56: Approved Fuel And Oil

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 WARNING: At all times take care not to spill fuel on the cockpit glass – fuel may cause glass dimness and cracks. When checking oil and coolant level follow the instructions of the Rotax engine operation manual.
  • Page 57 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 4. Disconnect the full and static pressure lines at their joints (left wing, see Fig. 21 ). 5. Remove the wing strut brace by disconnecting it from the wing and fuselage while holding the wing.
  • Page 58 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 Fig. 22. Disconnection of the horizontal tail 9.6.3 Propeller removal Before dismantling the engine from the aircraft remove the propeller as follows: - remove the locking wire from the studs; - undo nuts and remove the studs;...
  • Page 59 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 9.6.5 Aircraft assembling Aircraft assembling must be done in exactly reversed order. When installing the horizontal tail it is necessary to lead the trim tab control cable first through its conduit in the stabilizer. All hinges and fittings must be cleaned and greased before assembling the aircraft.

  • Page 60: Supplements

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10 Supplements 10.1 General This section contains information concerning the particular configuration of this airplane (list of installed equipment) along with its actual empty weight and balance data. Any additional manuals for the installed equipment are indicated here.

  • Page 61: List Of Installed Equipment

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.6 List of installed equipment All equipment installed or replaced in this airplane must be listed in the table below. The equipment affecting weight and balance of the airplane must be also listed in the table of the section 7.2 Installed equipment list .
  • Page 62 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04...

  • Page 63: Actual Empty Weight And Cg Position Data

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.7 Actual empty weight and CG position data This subsection contains information about the actual empty weight and respective CG position of the airplane. After final assembly, major repair/overhaul, replacement and/or additional installation of any equipment the aircraft must be weighed and respective weight...
  • Page 64 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04...

  • Page 65: Airplane Flight Training Supplement

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.8 Airplane Flight Training Supplement Flight training on Aeroprakt-22LS airplane foresees 5 hours of flying in accordance with the normal flight procedures, described in Pilot Operating Handbook (POH). It covers the following: 1. Preflight preparation including determining the takeoff mass and airplane CG position, preflight check and preflight servicing of the airplane.
  • Page 66 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 temperature ignition system check shall be done. Before taxiing the parking brake must be set to OFF. 2. Taxiing is described in the section 5.5 . Airfield traffic shall be performed in accordance with the airfield traffic diagram. Before lining up full and free movements of the flight controls must be checked.
  • Page 67 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 13.Retract the flaps before vacating the runway. Total time of circuit flying training – 2 h. Number of flights – 4. Number of landings – 20. 10.8.4 Balked landing Balked landing (go around) situation occurs due to errors made during approach which can not be corrected or in case if an obstacle is suddenly detected on the runway.

  • Page 68: Airplane Owner Feedback To Manufacturer

    AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 10.8.8 Crosswind takeoff and landing It is recommended to use 1 flap setting during crosswind takeoff or landing. In case of crosswind takeoff it is necessary to rotate the yoke (move the stick) by 1/3 of its full travel against the wind direction to counter the downwind drift and control the heading using the rudder pedals.

  • Page 69: Glider And Banner Towing

    A22LS-POH-04 10.10 Glider and banner towing 10.10.1 General A-22LS airplane can be optionally equipped with E 85 tow release manufactured by Tost Flugzeuggerätebau company ( http://www.tost.de ) for towing of gliders or banners. The tow release is attached to the tail fuselage on a special fitting. The tow release can be actuated by pulling the tow release handle (located near the flap extension lever) connected to the tow release lever with a control cable.
  • Page 70 AEROPRAKT-22LS Pilot Operating Handbook A22LS-POH-04 NOTE : High grass on the runway may increase the take-off distance by up to 25%, water drops and contamination on the wings (leading edge) – by 10-15%, high air temperature – by 5-10%. 10.10.3...

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