BMW F48 Product Information
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. BMW Manuals
  4. Automobile Accessories
  5. F48
  6. Product information
BMW F48 Product Information

BMW F48 Product Information

Driver assistance systems
Hide thumbs Also See for F48:
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
Technical￿training.
Product￿information.
F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems
BMW￿Service

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the F48 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Related Manuals for BMW F48

Summary of Contents for BMW F48

  • Page 1 Technical￿training. Product￿information. F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems BMW￿Service...
  • Page 2 General￿information Symbols￿used The￿following￿symbol￿is￿used￿in￿this￿document￿to￿facilitate￿better￿comprehension￿or￿to￿draw￿attention to￿very￿important￿information: Contains￿important￿safety￿information￿and￿information￿that￿needs￿to￿be￿observed￿strictly￿in￿order￿to guarantee￿the￿smooth￿operation￿of￿the￿system. Information￿status￿and￿national-market￿versions BMW￿Group￿vehicles￿meet￿the￿requirements￿of￿the￿highest￿safety￿and￿quality￿standards.￿Changes in￿requirements￿for￿environmental￿protection,￿customer￿benefits￿and￿design￿render￿necessary continuous￿development￿of￿systems￿and￿components.￿Consequently,￿there￿may￿be￿discrepancies between￿the￿contents￿of￿this￿document￿and￿the￿vehicles￿available￿in￿the￿training￿course. This￿document￿basically￿relates￿to￿the￿European￿version￿of￿left-hand￿drive￿vehicles.￿Some￿operating elements￿or￿components￿are￿arranged￿differently￿in￿right-hand￿drive￿vehicles￿than￿shown￿in￿the graphics￿in￿this￿document.￿Further￿differences￿may￿arise￿as￿a￿result￿of￿the￿equipment￿specification￿in specific￿markets￿or￿countries. Additional￿sources￿of￿information Further￿information￿on￿the￿individual￿topics￿can￿be￿found￿in￿the￿following: • Owner's￿Handbook • Integrated￿Service￿Technical￿Application. Contact:￿conceptinfo@bmw.de ©2015￿BMW￿AG,￿Munich Reprints￿of￿this￿publication￿or￿its￿parts￿require￿the￿written￿approval￿of￿BMW￿AG,￿Munich The￿information￿contained￿in￿this￿document￿forms￿an￿integral￿part￿of￿the￿technical￿training￿of￿the BMW￿Group￿and￿is￿intended￿for￿the￿trainer￿and￿participants￿in￿the￿seminar.￿Refer￿to￿the￿latest￿relevant information￿systems￿of￿the￿BMW￿Group￿for￿any￿changes/additions￿to￿the￿technical￿data. Information￿status:￿June￿2015 BV-72/Technical￿Training...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems Contents Introduction ................................................KAFAS ....................................................2.1. Person￿recognition ....................................... 2.2. Functional￿limitations ....................................... 2.3. System￿wiring￿diagram ....................................Road￿Sign￿Recognition ........................................3.1. Operation ............................................. 3.2. Function ..............................................3.2.1. Road￿sign￿recognition￿with￿navigation￿system ..............3.3. Limits￿of￿the￿system ..................................... Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning ................................4.1. Collision￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function ......................4.1.1. Functional￿principle ..............................4.1.2. Early￿warning ..................................
  • Page 4 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems Contents Cruise￿Control ..............................................8.1. Introduction ..........................................8.2. Cruise￿control￿with￿braking￿function ........................... 8.3. Camera-based￿cruise￿control￿with￿Stop&Go￿function ................8.3.1. KAFAS￿camera ..................................8.3.2. Control￿function .................................. 8.3.3. Display ....................................... 8.3.4. Operation ....................................... 8.3.5. System￿wiring￿diagram ............................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 1.￿Introduction The￿assistance￿systems￿facilitate￿driving￿of￿the￿vehicle￿by: • providing￿the￿driver￿with￿information • giving￿the￿driver￿suggestions￿or • automatically￿intervening￿in￿the￿driving￿process. This￿product￿information￿bulletin￿provides￿an￿overview￿of￿the￿assistance￿systems￿which￿are￿new￿or whose￿function￿has￿been￿modified: • Collision￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function • Pedestrian￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function • Road￿sign￿recognition￿including￿no￿overtaking￿display • Park￿Distance￿Control • Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant • Rear￿view￿camera • Cruise￿control In￿the￿F48,￿a￿lot￿of￿the￿optional￿equipment￿known￿from￿other￿BMW￿models￿is￿still￿only￿available￿in conjunction￿with￿optional￿equipment￿packages￿Driving￿Assistant￿(SA￿5AS)￿or￿Driving￿Assistant￿Plus (SA￿5AT).￿The￿following￿table￿shows￿which￿systems￿are￿included￿in￿the￿different￿optional￿equipment packages: System Driving￿Assistant Driving￿Assistant Standard (SA 5AS) Plus￿(SA￿5AT) equipment High-beam￿assistant Lane￿departure￿warning Road￿sign￿recognition Collision￿warning￿with￿city braking￿function...

  • Page 6: Kafas

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 2.￿KAFAS The￿recognition￿of￿road￿users￿driving￿ahead￿and￿the￿detection￿of￿pedestrians￿are￿among￿the￿most important￿functions￿to￿be￿satisfied￿by￿assistance￿systems.￿This￿function￿must￿be￿satisfied￿at￿both￿long distance￿and￿close￿range.￿The￿functions￿in￿the￿F48￿have￿been￿implemented￿in￿optionally￿available combinations￿as￿camera-based￿systems￿using￿a￿shared￿camera￿and￿shared￿control￿unit. The￿KAFAS￿camera￿and￿KAFAS￿control￿unit￿therefore￿constitute￿the￿central￿element￿of￿the￿following assistance￿systems: • Collision￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function • Pedestrian￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function • Road￿sign￿recognition • Lane￿departure￿warning • Camera-based￿cruise￿control 2.1.￿Person￿recognition F48￿Detection￿range￿of￿KAFAS￿camera The￿person￿recognition￿in￿the￿F48￿only￿takes￿place￿with￿the￿help￿of￿the￿camera-based￿driver￿support system.￿A￿radar￿sensor￿is￿not￿offered￿in￿the￿F48,￿unlike￿in￿other￿BMW￿models.
  • Page 7 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 2.￿KAFAS F48￿KAFAS￿camera Index Explanation KAFAS￿camera Rain‐light‐solar-condensation￿sensor Photosensor￿for￿electrochromic￿interior￿mirror F48￿KAFAS￿control￿unit...
  • Page 8 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 2.￿KAFAS F48￿Image￿transmission￿via￿LVDS￿data￿line Index Explanation KAFAS￿control￿unit KAFAS￿camera The￿KAFAS￿camera￿captures￿the￿scene￿in￿front￿of￿the￿vehicle￿and￿detects￿entire￿rear￿views￿of￿moving and￿stationary￿vehicles￿in￿the￿field￿of￿view￿using￿machine￿vision.￿The￿KAFAS￿camera￿also￿ensures￿that driving￿lane￿information,￿vehicle￿positions￿and￿movements￿are￿determined￿at￿the￿same￿time. With￿the￿aid￿of￿the￿image￿data￿from￿the￿KAFAS￿camera,￿objects￿can￿be￿clearly￿identified￿as￿vehicles and￿corresponding￿transverse￿movements￿as￿lane￿changes.
  • Page 9 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 2.￿KAFAS 2.2.￿Functional￿limitations Example￿of￿functional￿limitation￿by￿backlight The￿function￿of￿the￿KAFAS￿camera￿and￿thus￿also￿the￿function￿of￿the￿corresponding￿assistance systems￿may￿be￿impaired￿in￿the￿following￿situations,￿for￿example: • heavy￿fog,￿rain,￿rain￿spray￿or￿snow • strong￿backlight • if￿the￿field￿of￿view￿of￿the￿KAFAS￿camera￿or￿the￿windscreen￿is￿dirty￿or￿covered • at￿sharp￿bends • up￿to￿10￿seconds￿after￿the￿engine￿start￿via￿the￿START-STOP￿button • during￿the￿calibration￿process￿for￿the￿KAFAS￿camera￿immediately￿after vehicle￿delivery￿or￿a￿camera￿change...
  • Page 10 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 2.￿KAFAS 2.3.￿System￿wiring￿diagram F48￿system￿wiring￿diagram￿for￿KAFAS...
  • Page 11 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 2.￿KAFAS Index Explanation KAFAS￿camera Heating,￿KAFAS￿camera Dynamic￿Stability￿Control￿(DSC) Fuse￿in￿the￿power￿distribution￿box￿in￿the￿passenger￿compartment Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) Fuse￿in￿the￿Body￿Domain￿Controller Camera-based￿driver￿support￿systems￿(KAFAS) Optional￿equipment￿system￿(SAS) Steering￿column￿switch￿cluster￿(SZL) Instrument￿cluster￿(KOMBI) Intelligent￿Safety￿button...

  • Page 12: Operation

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 3.￿Road￿Sign￿Recognition With￿the￿road￿sign￿recognition￿function,￿current￿top￿speed￿limitations￿can￿be￿displayed￿in￿the instrument￿cluster￿and,￿if￿applicable,￿also￿in￿the￿Head‐Up￿Display,￿in￿order￿to￿avoid￿possible￿excess speed. The￿road￿sign￿recognition￿is￿an￿element￿of￿the￿optional￿equipment￿Driving￿Assistant￿(SA￿5AS). Depending￿on￿the￿equipment,￿the￿function￿of￿the￿road￿sign￿recognition￿may￿vary: • Road￿sign￿recognition￿with￿navigation￿system • Road￿sign￿recognition￿without￿navigation￿system The￿responsibility￿for￿the￿vehicle￿and￿the￿speed￿driven￿lies￿solely￿with￿the￿driver. 3.1.￿Operation The￿road￿sign￿recognition￿can￿be￿switched￿on￿and￿off￿using￿a￿controller.￿For￿this￿purpose,￿select￿the following: Settings Instrument￿cluster Road￿sign￿recognition If￿the￿road￿sign￿recognition￿is￿switched￿on,￿the￿information￿recorded￿is￿shown￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster. If￿a￿speed￿limitation￿symbol￿with￿three￿horizontal￿lines￿is￿displayed￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster￿instead￿of the￿max.￿permissible￿speed,￿then￿the￿road￿sign￿recognition￿is￿not￿available￿(e.g.￿in￿non-mapped￿areas such￿as￿underground￿car￿parks￿and￿car￿parks). 3.2.￿Function In￿the￿F48,￿the￿road￿sign￿recognition￿can￿be￿ordered￿from￿BMW￿by￿the￿customer￿for￿the￿first￿time without￿the￿connection￿to￿a￿navigation￿system.￿This￿also￿makes￿it￿possible￿to￿offer￿the￿function￿in countries￿which￿had￿to￿waive￿this￿function￿due￿to￿missing￿navigation￿data.
  • Page 13 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 3.￿Road￿Sign￿Recognition 3.2.1.￿Road￿sign￿recognition￿with￿navigation￿system The￿control￿unit￿for￿the￿road￿sign￿recognition￿function￿is￿the￿KAFAS￿control￿unit. In￿addition,￿the￿detected￿top￿speed￿limitation￿is￿compared￿using￿data￿from￿the￿navigation￿system, in￿order￿to￿avoid￿incorrect￿displays￿and￿to￿display￿a￿top￿speed￿limitation￿on￿unmarked￿roads. If￿data￿on￿the￿top￿speed￿limitations￿relating￿to￿the￿current￿road￿is￿stored￿in￿the￿navigation￿system, this￿is￿used￿by￿the￿KAFAS￿control￿unit￿and￿forms￿the￿basis￿of￿a￿possible￿display￿for￿the￿driver. Traffic￿signs￿containing￿supplementary￿information,￿e.g.￿"In￿wet￿conditions",￿or￿symbols￿are￿also detected￿and￿synchronised￿with￿internal￿vehicle￿data,￿e.g.￿the￿rain￿sensor,￿and￿displayed￿depending￿on the￿situation.￿The￿system￿also￿takes￿the￿applicable￿time￿restrictions￿which￿have￿been￿identified,￿e.g. "between￿10:00￿pm￿and￿6:00￿am"￿into￿account.￿Here￿the￿current￿time￿of￿the￿on-board￿clock￿and￿the time￿from￿the￿navigation￿map￿are￿used. At￿the￿same￿time,￿the￿video￿data￿from￿the￿centrally￿arranged￿KAFAS￿camera￿which￿points￿forward￿is also￿evaluated￿in￿the￿KAFAS￿control￿unit. The￿image￿data￿is￿read￿by￿the￿KAFAS￿control￿unit￿and￿evaluated￿for￿traffic￿signs￿relating￿to￿speed limitations￿and￿withdrawal￿of￿speed￿limitations. In￿the￿case￿of￿concealed￿and￿non-recognizable￿signs￿on￿the￿withdrawal￿of￿top￿speed￿limitations, the￿displays￿are￿cancelled￿according￿to￿the￿specified￿time￿and￿distance￿parameters. In￿addition￿to￿image￿data,￿other￿information￿from￿the￿vehicle￿electrical￿system￿is￿also￿used￿in￿the evaluation￿and￿calculation￿for￿the￿display: • Time￿display￿(for￿temporal￿additional￿conditions) • Status￿of￿wiper￿(for￿additional￿sign￿"In￿wet￿conditions") • Turn￿indicator￿signal￿(special￿speed￿limit,￿e.g.￿on￿motorway￿exits) • Status￿of￿outside￿temperature￿sensor￿in￿"Frost/Snow" The￿basis￿of￿this￿diverse￿information￿leads￿to￿relatively￿high￿precision￿of￿this￿function￿in￿the￿evaluation.
  • Page 14 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 3.￿Road￿Sign￿Recognition F48￿display￿of￿road￿sign￿recognition￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster Index Explanation Displays￿of￿road￿sign￿recognition￿during￿an￿active￿navigation￿display Displays￿in￿standard￿view Traffic￿signs￿for￿speed￿limits￿and￿for￿no￿overtaking,￿which￿do￿not￿correspond￿to￿the￿legal￿standard, in￿particular￿those￿without￿a￿circular￿frame,￿are￿not￿always￿recognized.￿The￿same￿also￿applies￿for￿traffic signs￿which￿are￿fully￿or￿partially￿covered￿by￿labels,￿dirt￿or￿vegetation. Long￿distances￿to￿the￿road￿sign,￿high￿driving￿speeds￿and￿poor￿weather￿conditions,￿particularly￿at￿night, make￿it￿more￿difficult￿for￿the￿system￿to￿recognise￿road￿signs￿reliably. The￿data￿from￿the￿navigation￿map￿must￿be￿up-to-date￿for￿the￿correct￿display￿of￿the￿current￿speed￿limit and￿no￿overtaking￿sign.￿If￿the￿current￿location￿for￿the￿navigation￿is￿not￿yet￿taken￿into￿consideration,￿for example￿when￿driving￿in￿development￿areas,￿on￿new￿roads￿or￿on￿roads￿with￿modified￿road￿layout,￿a recognized￿traffic￿sign￿for￿speed￿limits￿or￿for￿no￿overtaking￿can￿only￿be￿displayed￿for￿roughly￿the￿next 500 m.
  • Page 15 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 3.￿Road￿Sign￿Recognition 3.3.￿Limits￿of￿the￿system Traffic￿signs￿on￿parallel,￿forking￿or￿emerging￿roads Parallel￿roads￿are￿not￿recognized￿with￿the￿KAFAS￿camera￿or￿using￿the￿navigation￿map.￿Signs￿on￿these roads￿can￿be￿recognized￿and￿displayed￿as￿speed￿limits￿or￿no￿overtaking￿for￿the￿current￿road.￿Speed limits￿and￿no￿passing￿signs￿for￿forking￿or￿emerging￿roads￿are￿generally￿also￿assumed￿and￿displayed￿for the￿current￿road. Traffic￿signs￿at￿exits Speed￿limits￿for￿exits￿off￿highway￿with￿or￿without￿an￿arrow￿as￿an￿additional￿character￿are￿generally evaluated￿correctly￿and￿suppressed￿in￿the￿display￿if￿driven￿past.￿This￿is￿only￿the￿case￿if￿the￿data￿on￿the navigation￿map￿is￿up-to-date. In￿the￿case￿of￿sign￿gantries￿on￿the￿highway￿with￿different,￿lane-dependent￿speed￿limits,￿the￿speed￿limit which￿is￿closest￿to￿the￿lane￿of￿the￿vehicle￿is￿displayed.￿There￿is￿no￿adaptation￿of￿the￿display￿after￿a￿later lane￿change. Information￿signs￿in￿the￿road￿sign￿surroundings Information￿signs￿with￿speed￿limits￿or￿no￿overtaking,￿such￿as￿at￿border￿crossing￿points￿with information￿on￿the￿different￿legal￿speed￿limits￿for￿national￿roads￿and￿highway,￿may￿be￿incorrectly recognized￿as￿currently￿valid￿and￿displayed.￿The￿same￿applies￿to￿information￿signs￿with￿different￿color configurations,￿e.g.￿for￿minimum￿or￿recommended￿speeds. Stickers￿on￿vehicles Labels￿with￿a￿speed￿limit￿on￿vehicles￿ahead￿or￿overtaken,￿such￿as￿trucks,￿buses,￿trailers￿or construction￿machinery,￿etc.,￿may￿be￿incorrectly￿recognized￿as￿a￿currently￿valid￿speed￿limit￿and displayed. Town/city￿limits If￿the￿sign￿for￿the￿entrance￿to￿a￿village/town￿is￿not￿clearly￿recognized￿(detection￿is￿only￿possible￿in Germany)￿and￿the￿data￿from￿the￿navigation￿map￿is￿not￿up-to-date,￿the￿speed￿limit￿at￿the￿entrances to￿and￿exits￿from￿villages/towns￿may￿be￿displayed￿incorrectly. Legal￿changes If￿legally￿prescribed￿maximum￿speeds￿change,￿then￿these￿are￿only￿available￿after￿a￿map￿data￿update. Up￿until￿the￿update￿the￿original,￿but￿no￿longer￿valid￿speed￿limits￿are￿displayed. General￿no￿passing￿signs No￿overtaking￿signs￿are￿only￿displayed￿if￿these￿are￿also￿signs￿posted.￿General￿no￿overtaking, which￿applies￿for￿example￿at￿level￿crossings￿or￿is￿marked￿by￿a￿white￿line￿on￿the￿roadway,￿is￿not displayed￿without￿an￿additional￿sign.
  • Page 16 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning The￿collision￿warning￿warns￿the￿driver￿of￿a￿possible￿risk￿of￿collision￿and￿is￿recognized￿in￿the￿F48￿using the￿KAFAS￿system.￿The￿camera-based￿collision￿warning￿includes￿the￿following￿functions: • Collision￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function • Pedestrian￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function The￿collision￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function￿is￿already￿included￿in￿the￿standard￿equipment￿of￿the F48.￿The￿pedestrian￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function￿is￿an￿element￿of￿the￿optional￿equipment￿Driving Assistant￿(SA￿5AS). The￿system￿can￿warn￿the￿driver￿in￿situations￿where￿a￿collision￿is￿imminent.￿The￿early￿warning, a￿visual￿signal,￿is￿issued￿first￿to￿draw￿the￿driver's￿attention￿to￿the￿situation.￿If￿the￿situation￿becomes more￿critical,￿an￿acute￿warning￿in￿the￿form￿of￿a￿visual￿and￿acoustic￿signal￿is￿issued.￿The￿nature￿of the￿warning￿is￿such￿that￿the￿driver￿can￿still￿prevent￿a￿collision￿providing￿he￿acts￿quickly.￿If￿there￿is￿no reaction￿from￿the￿driver￿after￿an￿acute￿warning,￿the￿driver￿is￿supported￿with￿automatic￿braking￿of￿the vehicle￿(5-85￿km/h). 4.1.￿Collision￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function 4.1.1.￿Functional￿principle The￿corresponding￿warning￿stages￿"early￿warning"￿and￿"acute￿warning"￿are￿output￿in￿critical￿situations on￿the￿basis￿of￿the￿calculated￿positions,￿distances￿and￿relative￿speeds￿of￿other￿vehicles.￿For￿the￿early warning￿and￿acute￿warning,￿the￿brakes￿of￿the￿vehicle￿are￿prepared￿for￿emergency￿braking,￿depending on￿the￿actual￿speed,￿and￿the￿activation￿thresholds￿of￿the￿brake￿assistant￿are￿reduced. F48￿Detection￿range￿of￿collision￿warning￿by￿KAFAS￿camera...
  • Page 17 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning 4.1.2.￿Early￿warning The￿early￿warning￿works￿from￿a￿speed￿of￿approximately￿15￿km/h. The￿early￿warning￿is￿issued,￿for￿example,￿if￿there￿is￿a￿danger￿of￿collision￿because￿the￿vehicle￿driving ahead￿is￿being￿driven￿at￿a￿much￿slower￿speed￿and/or￿if￿the￿distance￿to￿a￿vehicle￿ahead￿is￿extremely short. The￿early￿warning￿is￿indicated￿by￿a￿vehicle￿symbol￿which￿lights￿up￿red￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster. The￿early￿warning￿can￿be￿configured￿using￿the￿controller￿("early",￿"middle"￿or￿"late").￿The￿"late" setting￿corresponds￿to￿a￿deactivated￿early￿warning,￿for￿this￿reason,￿only￿the￿acute￿warning￿is￿active for￿an￿immediate￿risk￿of￿collision￿due￿to￿a￿high￿differential￿speed. The￿collision￿warning￿is￿dependent￿on￿the￿vehicle's￿own￿driving￿speed.￿The￿distance￿measured￿for￿the collision￿warning￿is￿significantly￿lower￿than￿the￿legally￿required￿minimum￿distance.￿It￿is￿therefore￿the responsibility￿of￿the￿driver￿to￿adhere￿to￿the￿legal￿minimum￿distance. 4.1.3.￿Acute￿warning The￿acute￿warning￿works￿from￿a￿speed￿of￿approximately￿15￿km/h￿and￿is￿issued￿by￿the￿system￿as￿late as￿possible￿and￿only￿if￿there￿is￿an￿imminent￿danger￿of￿a￿collision￿when￿the￿vehicle￿is￿approaching the￿vehicle￿driving￿ahead￿at￿a￿relatively￿high￿differential￿speed￿or￿if￿there￿is￿an￿imminent￿danger￿of￿a collision￿with￿a￿pedestrian.￿The￿time￿of￿the￿acute￿warning￿is￿measured￿so￿that￿a￿collision￿can￿only￿be avoided￿by￿immediate￿emergency￿braking￿or￿by￿swerving.￿The￿acute￿warning￿can￿therefore￿not￿be introduced￿or￿controlled￿intentionally. If￿the￿vehicle￿is,￿for￿example,￿approaching￿the￿vehicle￿driving￿ahead￿at￿very￿low￿speed,￿or￿is approaching￿a￿person,￿an￿acute￿warning￿is￿not￿issued￿even￿when￿the￿distance￿is￿very￿small. This￿intentional￿driving￿situation￿only￿triggers￿the￿early￿warning.￿This￿way￿there￿are￿fewer￿meaningless and￿annoying￿acute￿warnings￿issued￿by￿the￿system. The￿acute￿warning￿cannot￿be￿deactivated.￿The￿time￿for￿the￿acute￿warning￿also￿cannot￿be￿adjusted. If￿the￿acute￿warning￿is￿not￿to￿be￿issued,￿the￿"collision￿warning"￿front￿protective￿function￿must￿be deactivated. The￿acute￿warning￿issues￿a￿prompt￿for￿intervention￿and￿is￿supported￿if￿there￿is￿a￿danger￿of￿collision by￿a￿two-stage￿intervention.￿Brake￿preconditioning￿is￿only￿effected￿after￿the￿driver￿warning. The￿acute￿warning￿does￿not￿relieve￿the￿driver￿of￿his￿responsibility￿to￿adapt￿the￿speed￿and￿driving￿style to￿the￿traffic￿conditions￿and￿adhere￿to￿the￿prescribed￿safety￿distance.
  • Page 18 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning F48￿Time￿plan￿for￿the￿camera-based￿collision￿warning Index Explanation Collision￿warning￿("early") Collision￿warning￿("medium") Acute￿warning￿(acoustic￿warning￿signal,￿brake￿system￿is prepared￿and￿brake￿assistant￿is￿adapted) Braking￿at￿approximately￿4 m/s²￿is￿introduced￿(city￿braking function￿only￿in￿the￿range￿between￿5￿and￿85 km/h) Detection￿range￿of￿KAFAS￿camera 4.1.4.￿Braking￿function The￿collision￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function￿is￿active￿from￿5-85￿km/h.￿This￿way￿the￿severity￿of collisions￿should￿be￿reduced￿through￿automatic￿brake￿intervention￿up￿to￿85 km/h.￿With￿the￿braking function￿an￿accident￿up￿to￿approximately￿20 km/h￿differential￿speed￿can￿be￿prevented.￿In￿the￿case￿of a￿greater￿differential￿speed￿the￿accident￿severity￿can￿be￿reduced. If￿there￿is￿still￿no￿response￿from￿the￿driver￿in￿this￿speed￿range￿(approximately￿5￿–￿85 km/h)￿after￿an acute￿warning,￿the￿vehicle￿is￿decelerated￿at￿approximately￿4 m/s². The￿brake￿intervention￿is￿restricted￿to￿approximately￿1.5 seconds.￿Additional￿dangers￿for￿the￿traffic behind￿are￿therefore￿avoided. The￿brake￿intervention￿is￿only￿effected￿when￿the￿Dynamic￿Stability￿Control￿is￿switched￿on.
  • Page 19 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning Example￿of￿vehicle￿identification￿by￿KAFAS￿camera Index Explanation Vehicle￿in￿same￿lane Vehicle￿in￿different￿lane 4.2.￿Pedestrian￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function The￿system￿warns￿the￿driver￿of￿possible￿collisions￿with￿pedestrians￿in￿the￿10￿and￿60 km/h￿range￿and can￿thus￿reduce￿the￿results￿of￿an￿accident￿or￿prevent￿accidents.￿In￿addition,￿braking￿is￿automatically introduced. The￿pedestrian￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function￿is￿based￿on￿the￿collision￿warning￿with￿braking function.￿It￿detects￿critical￿situations￿in￿which￿pedestrians￿cross￿the￿path￿of￿the￿vehicle.￿In￿the￿warning stage￿(acute￿warning),￿a￿pedestrian￿symbol￿is￿displayed￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster￿and￿an￿acoustic warning￿is￿also￿issued.￿The￿warning￿stage￿can￿be￿switched￿on￿or￿off￿using￿the￿Intelligent￿Safety￿button. The￿function￿is￿always￿available￿upon￿an￿engine￿start. The￿KAFAS￿camera￿captures￿the￿scene￿in￿front￿of￿the￿vehicle￿and￿detects￿pedestrians￿in￿the￿field￿of view￿using￿machine￿vision.￿Based￿on￿the￿calculated￿positions,￿distances￿and￿the￿movement￿of￿the detected￿pedestrians,￿an￿acute￿warning￿is￿issued￿in￿critical￿situations￿and￿the￿vehicle￿is￿decelerated at￿approximately￿4￿m/s². The￿brake￿intervention￿is￿restricted￿to￿approximately￿1.5 seconds.￿Additional￿dangers￿for￿the￿traffic behind￿are￿therefore￿avoided. An￿early￿warning￿is￿not￿available￿for￿the￿pedestrian￿warning￿with￿city￿braking￿function. The￿brake￿intervention￿is￿only￿performed￿when￿the￿Dynamic￿Stability￿Control￿is￿switched￿on.
  • Page 20 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning Example￿of￿person￿recognition￿by￿KAFAS￿camera The￿warning￿zone￿for￿person￿recognition￿in￿front￿of￿the￿vehicle￿is￿subdivided￿into￿two￿areas. The￿central￿area￿(ahead￿of￿the￿vehicle)￿and￿the￿additional￿area￿(to￿the￿left￿and￿right￿in￿front of￿the￿vehicle). F48￿Warning￿zone,￿person￿recognition Index Explanation Central￿area Extended￿area A￿collision￿is￿imminent￿if￿people￿are￿located￿in￿the￿central￿area.￿A￿warning￿is￿only￿issued￿for￿people located￿in￿the￿extended￿area￿if￿they￿are￿moving￿in￿the￿direction￿of￿the￿central￿area.

  • Page 21: Operation

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning 4.3.￿Warnings￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster The￿warning￿function￿is￿divided￿into￿two￿stages.￿If￿there￿is￿a￿danger￿of￿collision,￿a￿warning￿symbol￿is displayed￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster. System Speed￿range Early￿warning Acute￿warning Active￿brake intervention Collision￿warning >￿85 km/h No.￿The￿brake with￿city￿braking system￿is function prefilled￿and the￿activation thresholds￿of￿the brake￿assistant Early are￿reduced. warning￿from approximately 15 km/h Collision￿warning 5-85￿km/h 4 m/s²￿for with￿city￿braking maximum￿1.5 function seconds — Pedestrian 10-60 km/h 4 m/s²￿for warning￿with￿city maximum￿1.5 braking￿function seconds —...
  • Page 22 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning F48￿Intelligent￿Safety￿button Index Explanation Intelligent￿Safety￿button Press￿button: • A￿board￿on￿the￿Central￿Information￿Display￿(CID)￿is￿displayed￿on￿which￿the￿settings￿can￿be performed.￿The￿individual￿settings￿are￿stored￿for￿the￿ID￿transmitter￿currently￿used. Press￿button￿briefly: • Intelligent￿Safety￿systems￿are￿switched￿off￿individually￿depending￿on￿the￿Personal￿Profile. • The￿LED￿in￿the￿Intelligent￿Safety￿button￿lights￿up￿orange￿or￿goes￿out,￿depending￿on￿the Personal￿Profile. Press￿button￿again: • All￿Intelligent￿Safety￿systems￿are￿switched￿on. • The￿LED￿in￿the￿Intelligent￿Safety￿button￿lights￿up￿green. Press￿and￿hold￿button: • All￿Intelligent￿Safety￿systems￿are￿switched￿off. • The￿LED￿in￿the￿Intelligent￿Safety￿button￿goes￿out. Adjusting￿the￿warning￿time: The￿driver￿can￿set￿the￿time￿for￿the￿warning￿in￿three￿stages￿when￿the￿collision￿warning￿is￿active. The￿"late"￿setting￿corresponds￿to￿the￿point￿of￿the￿acute￿warning.

  • Page 23: Displays

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning The￿setting￿is￿made￿via￿the￿controller: • "Settings" • "Collision￿warning" • Set￿the￿required￿warning￿time￿using￿the￿controller￿at￿the￿Central￿Information￿Display￿(CID). The￿setting￿for￿the￿time￿of￿the￿early￿warning￿is￿saved￿for￿the￿current￿driver￿profile￿or￿for￿the￿ID transmitter￿currently￿used. 4.5.￿Displays F48￿Intelligent￿Safety￿displays Index Explanation All￿systems￿active Systems￿are￿individually￿adjusted All￿systems￿deactivated...
  • Page 24 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning 4.6.￿Limits￿of￿the￿system The￿collision￿warning￿has￿a￿limited￿capacity￿for￿detection.￿As￿a￿result,￿incorrect￿or￿delayed￿warnings may￿occur. It￿is￿possible￿the￿following￿vehicles￿are￿not￿detected: • a￿slower￿vehicle￿when￿driving￿off￿at￿high￿speed • sudden￿swerving￿or￿heavy￿decelerating￿vehicles • vehicles￿with￿an￿unusual￿rear￿view￿or￿with￿insufficiently￿visible￿rear￿lights • partially￿covered￿vehicles • bicycles￿ahead.
  • Page 25 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning 4.7.￿System￿wiring￿diagram F48￿system￿wiring￿diagram￿for￿camera-based￿collision￿warning...
  • Page 26 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 4.￿Camera-based￿Collision￿Warning Index Explanation Digital￿Motor￿Electronics￿(DME) KAFAS￿camera Heating,￿KAFAS￿camera Dynamic￿Stability￿Control￿(DSC) Fuses￿in￿the￿power￿distribution￿box￿in￿the￿passenger￿compartment Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) Fuse￿in￿the￿Body￿Domain￿Controller Camera-based￿driver￿support￿systems￿(KAFAS) Optional￿equipment￿system￿(SAS) K-CAN￿terminator Headunit Central￿information￿display￿(CID) Steering￿column￿switch￿cluster￿(SZL) Instrument￿cluster￿(KOMBI) Intelligent￿Safety￿button...
  • Page 27 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 5.￿Park￿Distance￿Control The￿optional￿equipment￿Park￿Distance￿Control￿is￿available￿in￿two￿versions.￿In￿the￿following￿table￿you see￿where￿and￿how￿many￿ultrasonic￿sensors￿are￿installed￿with￿the￿respective￿optional￿equipment: Optional￿equipment sensors Park￿Distance￿Control￿(SA￿507) 4￿sensors￿in￿the￿rear￿bumper Park￿Distance￿Control￿(SA￿508) 4￿sensors￿in￿the￿rear￿bumper￿and 4￿sensors￿in￿the￿front￿bumper Vehicles￿not￿equipped￿with￿a￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant￿have￿their￿own￿PDC￿control￿unit.￿The￿control unit￿is￿used￿instead￿of￿the￿PDC￿control￿unit￿in￿vehicles￿with￿the￿optional￿equipment￿Parking￿Maneuver Assistant.￿The￿PMA￿control￿unit￿then￿assumes￿the￿function￿of￿the￿PDC. During￿the￿vehicle￿diagnosis￿the￿PDC￿control￿unit￿is￿always￿displayed￿as￿a￿PMA￿control￿unit.
  • Page 28 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 5.￿Park￿Distance￿Control 5.1.￿System￿wiring￿diagram F48￿system￿wiring￿diagram￿for￿Park￿Distance￿Control...

  • Page 29: Operation

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 5.￿Park￿Distance￿Control Index Explanation Electronic￿transmission￿control￿(EGS) Fuse￿in￿the￿power￿distribution￿box￿in￿the￿passenger￿compartment Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) K-CAN￿terminator Park￿Distance￿Control￿(PDC) Ultrasonic￿sensors￿for￿Park￿Distance￿Control,￿rear K-CAN￿terminator Speaker Headunit Park￿Distance￿Control￿button Central￿information￿display￿(CID) 5.2.￿Operation PDC￿is￿automatically￿switched￿on￿in￿the￿following￿situations: • If￿when￿the￿engine￿is￿running￿the￿selector￿lever￿position￿R￿is￿engaged. • If￿with￿corresponding￿equipment￿obstacles￿are￿detected￿at￿the￿rear￿or￿front￿of￿the￿vehicles by￿the￿ultrasonic￿sensors￿and￿the￿speed￿is￿less￿than￿4 km/h￿(Auto￿PDC￿must￿be￿active). The￿volume￿of￿the￿PDC￿signal￿can￿be￿adjusted￿via￿the￿central￿information￿display. F48￿Park￿Distance￿Control￿volume￿balancing...
  • Page 30 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 5.￿Park￿Distance￿Control 5.2.1.￿Deactivation￿criteria The￿deactivation￿criteria￿are￿dependent￿on￿which￿optional￿equipment￿the￿F48￿has.￿The￿following￿table points￿out￿the￿deactivation￿criteria￿of￿the￿individual￿systems: System Distance￿travelled Speed Park￿Distance￿Control approximately￿50￿m approximately￿15￿km/h Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant — approximately￿35￿km/h Rear￿view￿camera approximately￿10￿m approximately￿15￿km/h To￿ensure￿the￿ultrasonic￿sensors￿remain￿fully￿operational,￿they￿must￿be￿kept￿clean￿and￿free￿of￿ice. When￿cleaning￿the￿sensors￿using￿a￿high￿pressure￿cleaner,￿avoid￿direct￿and￿sustained￿contact￿with￿a high-pressure￿water￿jet.￿Furthermore,￿when￿using￿high￿pressure￿cleaners,￿a￿distance￿of￿at￿least￿30 cm from￿the￿sensors￿must￿be￿maintained. 5.3.￿Auto￿PDC PDC￿is￿automatically￿activated￿with￿the￿Auto￿PDC￿function: • if￿there￿is￿an￿object￿closer￿than￿60￿cm￿to￿the￿front￿of￿the￿vehicle￿when￿driving￿forwards. • if￿there￿is￿an￿object￿closer￿than￿1.5￿m￿to￿the￿rear￿of￿the￿vehicle￿when￿reversing. • if￿the￿speed￿driven￿does￿not￿exceed￿4￿km/h. The￿automatic￿switching-on￿upon￿the￿identification￿of￿obstructions￿can￿be￿switched￿on￿and￿off￿in￿the "Settings"￿menu￿using￿a￿controller.￿The￿settings￿are￿stored￿for￿the￿ID￿transmitter￿currently￿used. F48￿Auto￿PDC A￿sound￿is￿only￿output￿if￿the￿detected￿object￿(in￿front￿of￿or￿behind￿the￿vehicle)￿is￿directly￿in￿the￿lane (risk￿of￿collision).￿If￿the￿detected￿object￿is￿not￿directly￿in￿the￿lane,￿the￿acknowledgement￿is￿only￿done visually￿in￿the￿CID.
  • Page 31 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 5.￿Park￿Distance￿Control F48￿Person￿recognition Index Explanation Lane￿without￿object￿contact￿(visual￿acknowledgement￿in￿the￿CID) Lane￿with￿object￿contact￿(visual￿and￿acoustic￿acknowledgement) Turning￿vehicle Detected￿object Detection￿of￿obstacle￿by￿the￿PDC￿sensors...

  • Page 32: Introduction

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 6.￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant 6.1.￿Introduction F48￿Principle￿of￿Parking￿maneuver￿Assistant The￿optional￿equipment￿Parking￿Assistance￿Package￿comprises￿the￿following￿elements: • Park￿Distance￿Control,￿rear￿(4￿sensors)￿(SA￿507) • Park￿Distance￿Control,￿front￿(4￿sensors)￿(SA￿508) • Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant￿with￿2￿additional￿sensors￿in￿the￿wheel￿arch￿panel The￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant￿only￿facilitates￿parking￿in￿gaps￿between￿cars￿parallel￿to￿the￿roadway.
  • Page 33 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 6.￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant 6.2.￿System￿components Vehicles￿with￿the￿optional￿equipment￿Parking￿Assistant￿Package￿(SA￿5DU)￿also￿obtain￿four￿additional ultrasonic￿sensors￿in￿the￿front￿bumper,￿as￿well￿as￿the￿rear￿ultrasonic￿sensors￿known￿from￿the￿PDC.￿For the￿detection￿of￿the￿parking￿space,￿the￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant￿requires￿two￿additional￿ultrasonic sensors￿at￿the￿side,￿which￿can￿detect￿the￿parking￿space￿on￿the￿left￿or￿right￿of￿the￿vehicle￿when￿driving by.￿The￿ultrasonic￿sensors￿of￿the￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant￿are￿installed￿in￿the￿wheel￿arch￿panels￿at the￿front￿left￿and￿right. F48￿System￿components￿of￿Parking￿maneuver￿Assistant Index Explanation Ultrasonic￿sensors￿at￿the￿side￿(for￿Parking￿maneuver￿Assistant) Ultrasonic￿sensors,￿front Headunit Central￿information￿display￿(CID) Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) Controller￿(CON) Optional￿equipment￿system￿(SAS) Parking￿maneuver￿Assistant￿(PMA) Ultrasonic￿sensors,￿rear Park￿Distance￿Control￿button...
  • Page 34 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 6.￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant 6.3.￿System￿wiring￿diagram F48￿system￿wiring￿diagram￿for￿Parking￿maneuver￿Assistant...
  • Page 35 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 6.￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant Index Explanation Ultrasonic￿sensors,￿front Ultrasonic￿sensor,￿right￿(for￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant) Dynamic￿Stability￿Control￿(DSC) Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) Fuse￿in￿the￿power￿distribution￿box￿in￿the￿passenger￿compartment Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant￿(PMA) Ultrasonic￿sensors,￿rear K-CAN￿terminator K-CAN￿terminator Speaker Headunit Park￿Distance￿Control￿button￿(Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant) Central￿information￿display￿(CID) Steering￿column￿switch￿cluster￿(SZL) Instrument￿cluster￿(KOMBI) Electronic￿Power￿Steering￿(EPS) Electronic￿transmission￿control￿(EGS) Digital￿Motor￿Electronics￿(DME) Ultrasonic￿sensor,￿left￿(for￿Parking￿maneuver￿Assistant)
  • Page 36 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 6.￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant 6.4.￿Control￿unit F48￿Parking￿maneuver￿Assistant￿control￿unit The￿Parking￿Maneuver￿Assistant￿control￿unit￿evaluates￿the￿signals￿of￿the￿ultrasonic￿sensors￿and calculates￿the￿length￿of￿a￿parking￿space￿based￿on￿the￿distance￿information￿from￿the￿DSC.￿It￿also calculates￿the￿optimum￿path￿into￿a￿parking￿space￿and￿monitors￿the￿parking￿procedure.
  • Page 37 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 7.￿Rear￿View￿Camera The￿main￿function￿of￿the￿rear￿view￿camera￿system￿is￿the￿optical￿detection￿of￿a￿wide-angled￿view￿of￿the rear￿area￿of￿the￿vehicle￿in￿order￿to￿offer￿the￿driver￿additional￿support￿during￿the￿parking￿process or￿maneuver.￿The￿image￿is￿forwarded￿from￿the￿rear￿view￿camera￿via￿a￿CVBS￿line￿to￿the￿headunit. The￿image￿from￿the￿rear￿view￿camera￿is￿displayed￿with￿additional￿auxiliary￿lines￿in￿the￿CID. 7.1.￿System￿components F48￿Control￿unit￿for￿the￿rear￿view￿camera The￿lens￿of￿the￿rear￿view￿camera￿is￿located￿in￿the￿handle￿strip￿of￿the￿tailgate. The￿top￿rear￿side￿view￿camera￿control￿unit￿is￿integrated￿in￿the￿housing￿of￿the￿rear￿view￿camera. The￿new￿camera￿must￿be￿taught￿in￿after￿the￿rear￿view￿camera￿is￿replaced.￿The￿rear￿view￿camera￿of￿the F48￿does￿not￿need￿to￿be￿calibrated￿after￿teaching-in,￿as￿it￿is￿self-calibrating.￿The￿calibration￿is￿effected during￿the￿journey￿by￿the￿TRSVC￿control￿unit￿by￿means￿of￿a￿steering￿angle￿sensor￿and￿known￿road markings.￿Calibration￿compensates￿for￿installation￿tolerances￿by￿shifting￿and￿rotating￿the￿image. The￿maximum￿time￿required￿for￿a￿full￿calibration￿is￿five￿hours.￿A￿Check￿Control￿message￿is￿displayed￿in the￿CID￿if￿the￿rear￿view￿camera￿could￿not￿be￿successfully￿calibrated.￿Reasons￿for￿failed￿calibration￿may be￿incorrect￿installation,￿dirt￿contamination￿or￿a￿defect￿with￿the￿rear￿view￿camera.￿The￿rear￿view￿camera is￿also￿constantly￿readjusted￿after￿a￿full￿calibration￿in￿order￿to￿ensure￿an￿optimum￿image.
  • Page 38 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 7.￿Rear￿View￿Camera 7.2.￿System￿wiring￿diagram F48￿System￿wiring￿diagram￿for￿rear￿view￿camera...
  • Page 39 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 7.￿Rear￿View￿Camera Index Explanation Electronic￿transmission￿control￿(EGS)￿(for￿vehicles￿with automatic￿transmission) Fuse￿in￿the￿power￿distribution￿box￿in￿the￿passenger￿compartment Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) Central￿information￿display￿(CID) Headunit Park￿Distance￿Control￿button Rear￿view￿camera￿(RFK) K-CAN￿terminator K-CAN￿terminator Controller￿(CON)

  • Page 40: Introduction

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control 8.1.￿Introduction Two￿cruise￿controls￿are￿offered￿for￿the￿F48.￿The￿customer￿can￿choose￿between￿the￿optional equipment￿DCC￿cruise￿control￿with￿braking￿function￿and￿the￿optional￿equipment￿ACC￿active￿cruise control. The￿DCC￿is￿an￿element￿of￿the￿optional￿equipment￿Driving￿Assistant￿Plus￿(SA￿5AT),￿or￿can￿be￿ordered as￿separate￿optional￿equipment￿(SA￿544). The￿ACC￿Stop￿&￿Go￿function￿was￿extended￿with￿the￿traffic￿jam￿assistant￿function.￿The￿traffic￿jam assistant￿is￿described￿in￿more￿detail￿in￿chapter￿9￿"Traffic￿jam￿assistant". The￿speed￿control￿systems￿support￿the￿driver￿with￿adapting￿his￿speed,￿distance￿and￿driving￿style to￿the￿traffic￿conditions￿but￿do￿not￿relieve￿him￿of￿this￿responsibility.￿The￿driver￿may￿need￿to￿actively intervene,￿e.g.￿by￿braking,￿steering￿or￿taking￿evasive￿action,￿as￿otherwise￿there￿is￿a￿risk￿of￿an￿accident. 8.2.￿Cruise￿control￿with￿braking￿function The￿cruise￿control￿with￿braking￿function￿(SA￿544)￿is￿used￿in￿the￿F48￿as￿optional￿equipment. The￿system￿is￿also￿referred￿to￿as￿"Dynamic￿Cruise￿Control".￿Dynamic￿Cruise￿Control￿supports￿the driver￿on￿roads￿with￿less￿traffic￿by￿keeping￿the￿speed￿constant￿irrespective￿of￿the￿rolling￿resistances (incline,￿vehicle￿load).￿In￿spite￿of￿the￿support,￿the￿driver￿remains￿responsible￿for￿control￿of￿the￿vehicle. It￿is￿possible￿to￿override￿the￿DCC￿function￿at￿any￿time￿by￿braking￿or￿accelerating￿the￿vehicle. When￿ECO￿PRO￿mode￿is￿activated,￿the￿cruise￿control￿is￿also￿adjusted￿to￿a￿consumption-friendly driving￿style. Depending￿on￿equipment,￿the￿calculation￿is￿effected￿in￿different￿control￿units: • The￿calculations￿are￿performed￿by￿the￿DSC￿control￿unit. • In￿vehicles￿that￿are￿equipped￿with￿an￿optional￿equipment￿system￿(SAS)￿due￿to￿other￿optional equipment￿packages,￿the￿calculations￿are￿performed￿in￿the￿SAS￿control￿unit.
  • Page 41 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control F48￿Installation￿location￿of￿optional￿equipment￿system 8.3.￿Camera-based￿cruise￿control￿with￿Stop&Go￿function The￿active￿cruise￿control￿(ACC)￿Stop&Go￿function￿is￿an￿element￿of￿the￿optional￿equipment￿Driving Assistant￿Plus￿(SA￿5AT). With￿the￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿function￿in￿the￿F48,￿there￿are￿no￿radar￿sensors￿installed￿for￿the￿detection of￿vehicles￿ahead.￿The￿detection￿is￿effected￿solely￿via￿the￿KAFAS￿system. F48￿Active￿Cruise￿Control￿detection￿by￿KAFAS￿camera ACC￿Stop&Go￿adjusts￿a￿driver-specified￿desired￿speed￿and,￿if￿required￿by￿the￿traffic￿situation,￿also the￿preselected￿trailing￿distance￿automatically￿to￿the￿vehicle￿driving￿ahead.￿Passenger￿cars,￿trucks and￿motorbikes￿are￿detected￿as￿vehicles.￿The￿application￿range￿of￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿ranges￿from￿higher speeds￿down￿to￿a￿standstill.￿The￿distance￿and￿the￿speed￿are￿automatically￿adjusted￿in￿this￿range. Depending￿on￿the￿stationary￿time,￿driving￿off￿from￿a￿standstill￿is￿performed￿automatically￿or￿in response￿to￿a￿prompt￿by￿the￿driver.
  • Page 42 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control ACC￿Stop&Go￿detects￿not￿only￿slowly￿stopping,￿but￿also￿stationary￿vehicles,￿and￿can￿react￿to￿these. The￿response￿to￿transverse￿movements￿has￿been￿improved￿and￿the￿system￿can￿now￿respond￿more quickly￿to￿vehicles￿swerving￿in￿and￿out￿and￿turning￿off. The￿application￿range￿is￿extended￿by￿incorporating￿the￿KAFAS￿camera￿and￿the￿image￿data￿is￿evaluated by￿the￿KAFAS￿control￿unit.￿The￿KAFAS￿control￿unit￿detects￿vehicles￿clearly￿when￿their￿rear￿is￿identified by￿the￿video￿camera.￿In￿addition,￿the￿KAFAS￿control￿unit￿ensures￿that￿the￿driving￿lane￿information, vehicle￿positions￿and￿movements￿are￿determined. As￿the￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿in￿the￿F48￿is￿a￿pure￿camera￿system￿without￿radar￿sensors,￿the￿adjustment￿range for￿the￿set￿speed￿was￿restricted￿to￿140￿km/h. The￿acceleration￿behavior￿of￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿is￿adapted￿for￿ECO￿PRO￿mode.￿In￿ECO￿PRO￿mode, ACC￿Stop&Go￿accelerates￿the￿vehicle￿in￿a￿fuel-efficient￿manner. If￿the￿vehicle￿ahead￿drives￿off￿again￿after￿a￿standstill,￿the￿driver￿is￿informed￿thereof￿with￿a￿note. To￿drive￿off￿again,￿the￿driver￿must￿acknowledge￿this￿information.￿The￿acknowledgement￿is￿effected by￿operating￿the￿RES￿button￿or￿by￿briefly￿touching￿the￿accelerator￿pedal.￿Only￿if￿the￿duration￿of￿the standstill￿is￿very￿short￿(approximately￿3￿seconds),￿is￿the￿starting￿process￿effected￿automatically. 8.3.1.￿KAFAS￿camera F48￿KAFAS￿camera Index Explanation KAFAS￿camera Rain‐light‐solar-condensation￿sensor Photosensor￿for￿electrochromic￿interior￿mirror...
  • Page 43 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control Connection￿for￿KAFAS￿camera F48￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿detection,￿KAFAS￿camera Index Explanation KAFAS￿camera Camera-based￿driver￿support￿systems￿(KAFAS) Optional￿equipment￿system￿(SAS) Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) The￿front￿camera￿can￿detect￿vehicles￿ahead￿at￿a￿distance￿of￿up￿to￿90 m.￿Stationary￿vehicles￿and vehicles￿weaving￿in￿and￿out￿of￿traffic￿are￿also￿detected￿early. As￿with￿the￿front￿camera￿it￿is￿an￿optical￿sensor,￿the￿quality￿of￿the￿person￿recognition￿and￿signal accuracy￿are￿dependent￿on￿the￿existing￿weather￿conditions. 8.3.2.￿Control￿function Vehicles￿with￿ACC￿Stop&Go;￿element￿of￿optional￿equipment￿Driving￿Assistant￿Plus￿(SA￿5AT): • The￿calculations￿are￿performed￿in￿the￿optional￿equipment￿system￿(SAS). Cruise￿control In￿principle,￿the￿cruise￿control￿in￿the￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿system￿works￿in￿exactly￿the￿same￿way￿as￿the Dynamic￿Cruise￿Control￿(DCC)￿system. Distance￿control￿(ranging) The￿distance￿control￿is￿the￿core￿function￿of￿the￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿system.￿The￿driver￿can￿select￿a￿desired distance￿in￿four￿stages￿using￿a￿button￿on￿the￿multifunction￿steering￿wheel.￿The￿optional￿equipment system￿calculates￿the￿set￿point￿distance￿of￿the￿control￿from￿this￿preselection.

  • Page 44: Display

    F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control The￿set￿point￿distance￿during￿the￿journey￿is￿proportional￿to￿the￿driving￿speed.￿At￿a￿lower￿driving￿speed the￿proportional￿distance￿to￿the￿driving￿speed￿is￿no￿longer￿used￿for￿the￿ACC￿Stop&Go,￿but￿instead￿a fixed￿value￿in￿metres.￿The￿distance￿control￿uses￿the￿prepared￿object￿data￿with￿the￿highest￿diagnostic statistic￿as￿input￿variables. Acceleration￿and￿deceleration Depending￿on￿the￿situation,￿the￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿accelerates￿the￿vehicle￿by￿a￿maximum￿of￿approximately 2 m/s²￿and￿decelerates￿the￿vehicle￿by￿a￿maximum￿of￿approximately￿4 m/s². Cruise￿control￿on￿bends The￿cruise￿control￿of￿the￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿on￿bends￿is￿based￿on￿the￿control￿characteristics￿of￿the Dynamic￿Cruise￿Control￿(DCC).￿If￿an￿object￿is￿lost￿on￿bends,￿the￿system￿waits￿to￿see￿whether￿the object￿reappears￿(transition￿curve).￿The￿vehicle￿only￿accelerates￿if￿it￿does￿not￿reappear￿or￿the￿KAFAS camera￿no￿longer￿detects￿an￿object.￿Depending￿on￿the￿actual￿lateral￿acceleration,￿the￿speed￿is￿reduced in￿a￿longitudinal￿direction￿during￿controlled￿cornering￿as￿necessary.￿When￿coming￿out￿of￿the￿bend￿the speed￿is￿adjusted￿until￿it￿once￿again￿reaches￿the￿desired￿level. 8.3.3.￿Display The￿set￿speed￿is￿shown￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster￿with￿digital￿speed￿reading.￿During￿active￿control￿this display￿is￿illuminated￿in￿green.￿If￿the￿active￿cruise￿control￿is￿in￿a￿"Deactivated"￿state￿this￿display is￿illuminated￿in￿orange.￿The￿resume￿speed￿is￿displayed. Vehicles￿driving￿ahead￿to￿which￿a￿safe￿trailing￿distance￿is￿observed￿are￿displayed￿in￿orange￿in￿the￿round instrument￿as￿soon￿as￿they￿have￿been￿detected￿and￿are￿at￿a￿distance￿relevant￿for￿the￿control.￿If￿the system￿can￿no￿longer￿adjust￿a￿safe￿distance,￿for￿example￿due￿to￿very￿high￿differential￿speeds,￿then the￿driver￿is￿requested￿to￿assume￿the￿guidance￿of￿the￿vehicle￿entirely￿by￿a￿flashing￿red￿vehicle￿symbol and￿an￿acoustic￿signal.￿With￿active￿control￿the￿messages￿are￿also￿displayed￿in￿the￿optional￿equipment Head‐Up￿Display￿HUD￿(SA￿610). 8.3.4.￿Operation ACC￿Stop&Go￿cannot￿only￿be￿activated￿by￿the￿driver￿during￿the￿journey,￿but￿also￿when￿the￿vehicle￿is￿at a￿standstill,￿if￿the￿system￿detected￿another￿vehicle￿before￿its￿own￿vehicle.￿To￿activate￿ACC￿Stop&Go￿at standstill,￿the￿driver￿must￿press￿the￿brake￿pedal￿and￿at￿the￿same￿time￿press￿the￿SET￿or￿RES￿button. When￿the￿system￿is￿active￿the￿set￿speed￿can￿be￿adjusted￿in￿1￿or￿10 km/h￿increments. The￿driver￿has￿the￿option￿at￿any￿time￿to￿override￿the￿ACC￿system￿request￿and￿thus￿accelerate￿stronger by￿pressing￿the￿accelerator￿pedal.￿The￿system￿is￿not￿activated￿as￿a￿result.￿The￿overriding is￿shown￿in￿the￿instrument￿cluster￿by￿the￿suppression￿of￿the￿distance￿bar.
  • Page 45 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control The￿following￿conditions￿must￿also￿be￿satisfied￿for￿activation: • Seat￿belt￿fastened￿and￿door￿closed • Drive￿position￿D￿is￿engaged • Engine￿running • Parking￿brake￿not￿activated • No￿system￿faults￿detected The￿system￿does￿not￿decelerate￿for: • pedestrians,￿cyclists￿or￿similar￿slow￿road￿users • red￿lights • cross￿traffic • oncoming￿traffic • unlit￿vehicles￿or￿vehicles￿with￿defective￿lighting￿at￿night Detection Many￿vehicles￿are￿not￿detected￿or￿are￿detected￿at￿a￿late￿stage.￿The￿reason￿for￿this￿may￿be: • Vehicles￿swinging￿out A￿vehicle￿ahead￿is￿only￿detected￿when￿it￿is￿completely￿in￿its￿own￿lane. • Cornering In￿narrow￿bends￿there￿may￿be￿situations￿where￿a￿vehicle￿ahead￿is￿no￿longer￿detected￿or detected￿at￿a￿significantly￿later￿stage￿due￿to￿the￿restricted￿detection￿range￿of￿the￿system. Malfunction If￿the￿system￿has￿a￿malfunction,￿the￿driver￿is￿made￿aware￿of￿such￿with￿a￿Check￿Control￿message. The￿reasons￿for￿malfunctions￿may￿be: • heavy￿fog,￿rain,￿rain￿spray￿or￿snow • if￿the￿camera￿field￿of￿view￿or￿the￿windscreen￿is￿dirty￿or￿concealed •...
  • Page 46 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control 8.3.5.￿System￿wiring￿diagram F48￿system￿wiring￿diagram￿for￿active￿cruise￿control￿(ACC)￿Stop&Go...
  • Page 47 F48￿Driver￿Assistance￿Systems 8.￿Cruise￿Control Index Explanation Digital￿Motor￿Electronics￿(DME) KAFAS￿camera Heating,￿KAFAS￿camera Dynamic￿Stability￿Control￿(DSC) Fuses￿in￿the￿power￿distribution￿box￿in￿the￿passenger￿compartment Body￿Domain￿Controller￿(BDC) Fuse￿in￿the￿Body￿Domain￿Controller Camera-based￿driver￿support￿systems￿(KAFAS) Optional￿equipment￿system￿(SAS) K-CAN￿terminator Headunit Central￿information￿display￿(CID) Steering￿column￿switch￿cluster￿(SZL) Instrument￿cluster￿(KOMBI) Intelligent￿Safety￿button...
  • Page 48 Bayerische￿Motorenwerke￿Aktiengesellschaft Qualifizierung￿und￿Training Röntgenstraße￿7 85716￿Unterschleißheim,￿Germany...

Table of Contents