Heatcraft Refrigeration Products H-ENGM0408 User Manual
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Heatcraft Refrigeration Products H-ENGM0408 User Manual

Heatcraft refrigeration products llc. refrigerator user manual
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H-ENGM0408, April 2008
(Replaces H-ENGM0806, August 2006
)
Engineering Manual
Commercial Refrigeration
Cooling and Freezing
Load Calculations and Reference Guide
Expansion
Valve
Liquid Line
Filter-
Solenoid Valve
Drier
Head Pressure
Control Valve
Liquid Line
Sight Glass
Receiver
Heat
Exchanger
Evaporator
Suction
Filter
Oil
Suction
Compressor
Separator
Accumulator
Condenser

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Summary of Contents for Heatcraft Refrigeration Products H-ENGM0408

  • Page 1 H-ENGM0408, April 2008 (Replaces H-ENGM0806, August 2006 Engineering Manual Commercial Refrigeration Cooling and Freezing Load Calculations and Reference Guide Expansion Valve Liquid Line Filter- Solenoid Valve Drier Head Pressure Control Valve Liquid Line Sight Glass Receiver Heat Exchanger Evaporator Suction...
  • Page 2 Forward This edition of Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC’s, Engineering Manual covering Commercial Refrigeration Cooling and Freezing Load Calculations has been prepared in the form of a condensed text and reference book. The theory and principle of modern refrigeration has been...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Tables Table Wall heat loads Insulated block K factors Allowance for sun effect ...13 Average air changes per 24 hours for storage rooms above 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door openings and infiltration Average air changes per 24 hours for storage rooms below 32ºF.
  • Page 4 Job Survey The person involved in a heat transfer calculation needs information in order to predict accurately the heat load on a refrigerated structure. The more complete the information, the better the calculation. Good calculations are the first step in assuring adequate refrigeration equipment is selected for the project.
  • Page 5 4. Product Load Whenever a product having a higher temperature is placed in a refrigerator or freezer room, the product will lose its heat until it reaches the storage temperature. This heat load consists of three separate components: (see Table 7, page 15- 16).
  • Page 6 6. Hourly Heat Load The hourly heat load serves as the guide in selecting equipment. It is found by dividing the final BTU/24 hour load by the desired condensing unit run time. 35ºF. rooms with no timer 16 hr. 35ºF. rooms with timer 18 hr.
  • Page 7 Estimate for: Example: 35ºF Convenience Store Cooler With Glass Doors Basis for Estimate Room Dimensions: Width ft. x Length Volume: (L) x (W) Ambient Temp ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp Product Load 2000 Beer lbs./day of temp. of ºF.
  • Page 8 Estimate for: Example: 35ºF Beef Cooler Basis for Estimate Room Dimensions: Width Volume: (L) x (W) Ambient Temp ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp Product Load 1000 lbs./day of temp. of ºF. to — lbs./day of — — temp.
  • Page 9 Estimate for: Basis for Estimate Room Dimensions: Width ft. x Length Volume: (L) x (W) Ambient Temp ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp Product Load lbs./day of temp. of ºF. to lbs./day of temp. of ºF. to Miscellaneous Motors (including all blower motors) Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.) No.
  • Page 10 Estimate for: Example: -20ºF Ice Cream Hardening Freezer Basis for Estimate Room Dimensions: Width Volume: (L) x (W) Ambient Temp ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp. Product Load — lbs./day of — to freezing point of and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of gallons of ice cream @ Miscellaneous Motors (including all blower motors)
  • Page 11 Estimate for: Example: -10ºF Beef Freezer Basis for Estimate Room Dimensions: Width ft. x Length Volume: (L) x (W) Ambient Temp ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp. Product Load 3000 Beef lbs./day of to freezing point of and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of —...
  • Page 12 Estimate for: Basis for Estimate Room Dimensions: Width Volume: (L) x (W) Ambient Temp ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp. Product Load lbs./day of to freezing point of and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of gallons of ice cream @ Miscellaneous Motors (including all blower motors)

  • Page 13: Allowance For Sun Effect

    Appendix - Tables Table 1 Wall Heat Loads Insulation (Inches) Cork Glass Fiber or Urethane Mineral Poly- (Sprayed) Wool Styrene k = .30 k = .26 k = .16 Single window glass Double Window Glass Triple Window Glass 6” Concrete Floor Note: Above insulation “K”...

  • Page 14: Average Air Changes Per 24 Hours For Storage

    Table 4 Average air changes per 24 hours for storage rooms above 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door openings and infiltration. Volume Changes Volume Changes Cu. Ft. Per 24hrs. Cu. Ft. Per 24hrs. 44.0 2,000 12.0 38.0 3,000 34.5 4,000 29.5 5,000 26.0 6,000...
  • Page 15 Table 7 Storage requirements and properties of perishable products Storage Commodity Temp. (Alphabetical Listing) Apples 30 - 40 Apricots 31 - 32 Artichokes (Globe) 31 - 32 Asparagus 32 - 36 Avocados 45 - 55 Bananas 55 - 65 Beans (Green or Snap) 40 - 45 Lima 32 - 40...
  • Page 16 Table 7 Continued Storage Commodity Temp. (Alphabetical Listing) ºF. Maple Sugar 75 - 80 Mangoes Meat Bacon, Cured (Farm Style) 60 - 65 Game, Fresh Beef, Fresh 32 - 34 Hams and Shoulders, Fresh 32 - 34 Cured 60 - 65 Lamb Fresh 32 - 34 Livers, Frozen...

  • Page 17: Heat Of Respiration

    Table 8 Heat of Respiration (Approx.) Product 32ºF. Apples 0.25 - 0.45 Apricots 0.55 - 0.63 Avocados Bananas Blackberries 1.70 - 2.52 Blueberries 0.65 - 1.10 Cherries 0.65 - 0.90 Cherries, Sour 0.63 - 1.44 Cranberries 0.30 - 0.35 Figs, Mission Gooseberries 0.74 - 0.96 Grapefruit...

  • Page 18: Heat Equivalent Of Electric Motors

    2,950 2,545 For use when both useful output and motor losses are dissipated within refrigerator space: motors driving fans for forced circulation unit coolers. For use when motor losses are dissipated outside refrigerated space and useful work of motor is expended within refrigerated space:...

  • Page 19: Banana Room

    Banana Ripening Room Banana hands or cluster shipped greens in fiberboard cartons, 10” x 16” x 22”, holding 42 lb. net (47 lbs. gross weight) with 864 boxes (3,288) lbs, net in a carload lot. Temperature held 56 to 58ºF. Ripening facility consists of 5 or more air tight rooms to permit a completely weekly turn-over (1/2 carload room, measuring 30’...

  • Page 20: Summer Outside Air And Ground Temperature Design Conditions

    Table 21 Summer outside air and ground temperature design conditions Design Design Dry Bulb Wet Bulb State City ºF. ºC. Alabama Birmingham Mobile Alaska Fairbanks Arizona Phoenix Tucson Yuma Arkansas Little Rock California Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles San Francisco Colorado Denver Connecticut Hartford...
  • Page 21 Refrigeration Equipment Selection General When the hourly BTU load has been determined, equipment can now be selected based on the information obtained in the initial job survey. Some of the factors affecting equipment selection are: Equipment Balance Temperature Difference (T.D.) Capacity Control/Product Safety Type of Operation/Air Flow 1.
  • Page 22 4. Type of Operation/Air Flow Two important considerations in the selection and location of the unit cooler are uniform air distribution and air velocities which are compatible with the particular application. The direction of the air and air throw should be such that there is movement of air where there is a heat gain;...
  • Page 23 General Guidelines Application Convenience Store 10 - 15ºF. Holding Warehouse 10 - 15ºF. Produce Warehouse 7 -10ºF. Blast Cooler or Freezer 7 - 10ºF. Ice Cream Hardening 10ºF. Controlled Temperature 15 - 20ºF. Beer Warehouse Candy Warehouse 20 - 25ºF. Prep Room 20ºF.
  • Page 24 Unit Cooler Recommended Coil Replacement Left Large cooler or freezer Right Large cooler or freezer Large cooler or freezer where one wall will not accommodate all required evaporators or where air-throw distance must be considered. Note: Always avoid placement of unit coolers directly above doors and door openings where low and normal temperature is being maintained.

  • Page 25: Line Sizing

    Line Sizing The following Tables 22 through 24A on pages 25 through 30 indicate liquid lines and suction lines for all condensing units for R-22, R-404A, R-134a, and R-507. Table 22. Recommended Line Sizes for R-134a * SYSTEM +40˚F CAPACITY Equivalent Lengths BTU/H 100'...
  • Page 26 Table 22A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-134a (continued) * SUCTION LINE SIZE SUCTION TEMPERATURE +10˚F Equivalent Lengths 100' 150' 200' 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8...
  • Page 27 Table 23. Recommended Line Sizes for R-22 * SYSTEM +40˚F CAPACITY Equivalent Lengths BTU/H 100' 150' 1,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 15,000 18,000 24,000 1 1/8 30,000 1 1/8 1 1/8 36,000 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 42,000 1 1/8 1 1/8...
  • Page 28 Table 23A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-22 (continued) * SUCTION LINE SIZE SUCTION TEMPERATURE 0˚F -10˚F Lengths Equivalent Lengths 100' 150' 200' 100' 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8...
  • Page 29 Table 24. Recommended Line Sizes for R-404A and R-507 * SYSTEM +20˚F CAPACITY Equivalent Lengths BTU/H 100' 150' 1,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 15,000 18,000 1 1/8 24,000 1 1/8 1 1/8 30,000 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 36,000 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 42,000...
  • Page 30 Table 24A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-404A and R-507 (continued) * SUCTION LINE SIZE SUCTION TEMPERATURE -20˚F -30˚F Lengths Equivalent Lengths 100' 150' 200' 100' 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8...
  • Page 31 Table 25. Pressure Loss of Liquid Refrigerants in Liquid Line Risers (Expressed in Pressure Drop, PSIG, and Subcooling Loss, ˚F). Refrigerant PSIG ˚F PSIG ˚F R-22 R-134a R-507, R-404A Based on 110˚F liquid temperature at bottom of riser. Table 26. Equivalent Feet of Pipe Due to Valve and Fitting Friction Copper Tube, O.D., Type “L”...
  • Page 32 Table 27. Recommended Remote Condenser Line Sizes Total Discharge Evaporator Equiv. Line Capacity Length (O.D.) 3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 18,000 24,000 36,000 1 1/8 48,000 1 1/8 60,000 1 1/8 1 1/8 72,000 1 1/8 1 3/8 90,000 1 1/8 1 3/8 120,000 1 3/8...
  • Page 33 Table 28. Weight of Refrigerants in Copper Lines During Operation (Pounds per 100 lineal feet of type "L" tubing). Line Size O.D. in Inches Refrigerant 134a R507, 404A 134a R507, 404A 134a R507, 404A 134a R507, 404A 134a 1 1/8 R507, 404A 134a 1 3/8...
  • Page 34 Table 29. Fahrenheit – Celsius Temperature Conversion Chart The number in bold type-face in the center column refers to the temperature, either Celsius or Fahrenheit, which is to be converted to the other scale. If converting Fahrenheit to Celsius Temperature Celsius ºC.

  • Page 35: Conversion Factors

    Table 30. Conversion Factors (constant) Water 500 = 8.33 lbs./gal. x 60 min, – (Converts GPM to lbs./hr.) 4.5 = 60 min 13.35 Cu. Ft./lb. – (Converts CFM to lbs./hr.) 1.08 = 4.5 x 0.241 BTU/lb./ºF. – (lbs./hr. x Sp. Ht. of Air) 0.68 = 4.5 x 1054.3 BTU/lb.

  • Page 36: English Conversion Factors And Data

    Table 32. English Conversion Factors & Data To Convert Measurements From Cubic Feet Cubic Inches Cubic Inches Cubic Feet Cubic Feet Gallons Gallons Cubic Feet Cubic Inches Gallons Gallons Cubic Inches Barrels Gallons Gallons Barrels Imperial Gallons U.S. Gallons U.S. Gallons Imperial Gallons Feet Inches...
  • Page 37 Use of the Psychrometric Chart From two known properties of air, its condition can be located on the Psychrometric chart and all remaining properties can then be found by reading the appropriate scale. Figure 1 Illustrates a condition plotted at the intersection of its dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures.
  • Page 38 Appendix — Charts Low Temperature Psychrometric Chart (-40 to 50ºF.) Standard Atmospheric Pressure of 29.921 in HG Atmospheric Pressure at other altitude Altitude -1000 -500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 15000 Courtesy of ASHRAE — Reproduced by permission. Pressure in HG 31.02...
  • Page 39 Appendix — Charts Medium Temperature Psychrometric Chart (32 to 130ºF.) Standard Atmospheric Pressure of 29.921 in HG Courtesy of ASHRAE — Reproduced by permission.
  • Page 40 Glossary of Refrigeration Terms Accumulator - a shell placed in suction line for separating liquid refrigerant entrained in suction gas. Air Changes - the amount of air leakage is sometimes computed by assuming a certain number of air changers per hour for each room, the number of changes assumed being dependent upon the type, use and location of the room.
  • Page 41 Quick Selection Guide +35 Room Floor Usage Dimension Sq. Ft. Avg. 6x6x8 4750 6x8x8 5417 6x10x8 6055 8x8x8 6188 8x10x8 6954 8x12x8 7669 8x14x8 8366 8x16x8 9051 8x18x8 9748 8x20x8 10419 8x22x8 11540 8x24x8 12224 8x26x8 12874 8x28x8 13519 8x30x8 14187 8x32x8 14824...
  • Page 42 Tips for Quick Selection Guide Walk- In Cooler Box Load Parameter 1. 95ºF. ambient air temperature surrounding box. 2. 4” Styrene (R=16.7, K=0.24) walls/ceilling, 6” concrete slab floor. 3. Average product load with 5ºF. pull down in 24 hours. 4. BTUH load based on 16-18 hour compressor run time for 35ºF. box (timer recommended) +20 hours for 30ºF.
  • Page 43 Rapid Load Calculator for Large Coolers and Freezers Design Conditions: 95ºF. ambient; heavy service; 16-hr. compressor running time; average number of lights, motors, and people; product load figured according to accompanying table; product traffic calculated at 30 degree temperature reduction for coolers, 10 degree temperature reduction for freezers.
  • Page 44 The name behind the brands you trust. CLIMATE CLIMATE CONTROL ® CONTROL ® specifications without notice. Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC 2175 West Park Place Blvd • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 ™ Commercial Refrigeration Parts ™ Commercial Refrigeration Parts H-ENGM 0408...

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