Ion Removal In Reverse Osmosis; Working Principle - A.O. Smith OPAL NW Series User Manual

ION REMOVAL IN REVERSE OSMOSIS
ION AND ORG.
PESTICIDE
Aluminum
Ammonium
Arsenic
Magnesium
Bicarbonate
Bromide
Cadmium
Calcium
Chloride
Chromate
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
Iron
Lead
Mangan
WORKING PRINCIPLE
STAGES OF CLEAN WATER PRODUCTION IN REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM
Feed water pressure must be minimum 3 bar for reverse osmosis system to work. If the feed water pressure
is not sufficient, the system can be reinforced with a pump.feed water passes through the following filtrations
respectively;
• 1st Stage: 5 micron pp sediment filter. The pre-sediment filter retains suspended materials and particles in
the water and protects successive filtrations, especially the membrane filter. (1 mm=1000 micron).
• 2nd Stage: Activated carbon filter removes pollutants, which are harmful to human health and membrane
filter, by retaining organic substances and high amounts of cancerogenic chlorine and chlorine compounds.
• 3rd stage: Block carbon filter is used for more sensitive particle filtration to retain the suspended materials in
the water.
• 4th stage: Membrane filter. The semi-permeable membrane with 8-12 angstrom pores retains bacteria,
viruses and heavy metals in the water at 95-98% and pollutant runs to the drainage through wastewater part
of membrane.
• 5th stage: Last carbon filter (post carbon). Water runs through the carbon filter at the last stage to provide
clean and extremely safe drinking water.
ION AND ORG. PES-
REMOVAL ( % )
97-98
85-95
94-96
96-98
95-96
93-96
96-98
96-98
94-95
90-98
96-98
97-99
90-95
94-96
98-99
96-98
96-98
TICIDE
Nickel
Nitrate
Phosphate
Potassium
Radioactivity
Radium
Selenium
Silica
Silver
Sodium
Sulfate
Zinc
Boron
Borate
Mercury
Bacteria
Virus
REMOVAL ( % )
97-99
93-96
99+
92
95-98
97
97
85-90
95-97
92-98
99+
98-99
50-70
30-50
96-98
99+
99+
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