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Fluke 4180 Technical Manual

Precision infrared calibrator
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4180, 4181
Precision Infrared Calibrator
Technical Guide
March 2013, Rev. 1, 11/20
© 2013-2020 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

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Summary of Contents for Fluke 4180

  • Page 1 4180, 4181 Precision Infrared Calibrator Technical Guide March 2013, Rev. 1, 11/20 © 2013-2020 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
  • Page 2 Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Title Page Introduction....................1 Contact Fluke Calibration ................1 Safety Information ..................2 Service Information..................3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions ........... 3 Product Operation ..................3 Main Screen..................3 Main Menu .................... 4 TEMP SETUP .................. 4 SETUP ..................
  • Page 4 4180, 4181 Technical Guide Traceability ................... 16 Treatment of IR Thermometers ............17 Use of the Product in the Context of IR Theory ........18 Example of the Product Spectral Emissivity and Calibration Spectral Response ................19 Example of an Uncertainty Budget for an IR Thermometer Calibration ....................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    This manual is intended to be used with the Operators Manual and Safety Information documents. The Fluke Calibration 4180, 4181 Precision Infrared Calibrator (The Product) is a portable instrument or bench-top temperature calibrator used to calibrate IR thermometers. The Product is small enough to use in the field, and accurate enough to use in the lab.

  • Page 6: Safety Information

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide Safety Information General Safety Information is located in the printed Safety Information document that ships with the Product. It can also be found online at www.Flukecal.com. More specific safety information is listed where applicable in this manual.

  • Page 7: Service Information

    Use the target cover at temperatures below ambient (25 °C). If ice or liquid water forms on the target, IR thermometers will not indicate the correct temperature. Service Information Contact an authorized Fluke Calibration Service Center if the Product needs calibration or repair during the warranty period. See Contact Fluke Calibration.

  • Page 8: Main Menu

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide SET-POINT (SETPT) This is the current set-point. IRT ε IRT ε is the Product apparent emissivity. The emissivity setting should match that of the device under test (DUT). CAL λ CAL λ is the bandwidth of the Product calibration. It can be set to either 8-14 μ m or User.

  • Page 9: Irt

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Product Operation STABLE LIMIT Note The Product should not be expected to operate better than the listed stability specification. The minimum setting of the stability limit should not be less than the stability specification. The STABLE LIMIT parameter notifies the user when it has achieved the stability limit set in this parameter.

  • Page 10: Prog Menu

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide To reset the cutout, the Product temperature must cool to lower than the cutout set-point. Once the Product has cooled, push SET PT., then ENTER, and then ENTER again to reset and engage the Product. SOFT CUTOUT The SOFT CUTOUT is user settable.

  • Page 11: Prog Option

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Product Operation PROG OPTION Use the PROG OPTION (PROG OPTION) to set program parameters. SETTLE TEST SETTLE TEST is the criteria to determine when the temperature of the surface is stable. The options are: AUTO and LIMIT. AUTO uses a predetermined value for the stability. LIMIT uses the value set by the STABLE LIMIT parameter in the TEMP SETUP|SETUP|STABLE LIMIT window.

  • Page 12: Password

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide DECIMAL Use the DECIMAL parameter to determine the decimal separator: a comma or a period. Push the right or left arrow to select the desired decimal separator and then push ENTER to accept the selection. KEY AUDIO The KEY AUDIO parameter (F1 and F3 pushed simultaneously) enables or disables the button push beep.
  • Page 13 Precision Infrared Calibrator Product Operation Caution Do not change the calibration values or control parameters from the factory-set values unless recalibrating the Product. The correct setting of these parameters is important to the safe and proper operation of the Product. The parameters in the CALIB menu are set at the factory and must not be altered unless recalibrating the Product.

  • Page 14: System Info (View Only)

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide SYSTEM INFO (View Only) The SYSTEM INFO (SYSTEM INFORMATION) menu displays manufacturer information regarding the Product. MODEL The MODEL parameter displays the model number of the Product. SERIAL The SERIAL (SERIAL NUMBER) parameter displays the serial number of the Product.

  • Page 15: Spectral Response (Wavelength)

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Basic Infrared Thermometry Theory - Relating to the use of the Product Spectral Response (Wavelength) Every object with a temperature above absolute zero (0 Kelvin) radiates energy over a wide spectral band. For example, if a significant part of this energy is within the band of 400–700 nm, we can see that energy.
  • Page 16 4180, 4181 Technical Guide ∞  σT π L λ T ) λ d Equation 3: Stefan-Boltzmann Law The relationship between Planck’s Law and Wien’s Displacement Law is shown in Figure 1. Notice that the energy peak for the Sun is about 0.5 μ m (500 nm), while at room temperature, 23 °C, it is just below 10 μ...

  • Page 17: Emissivity

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Basic Infrared Thermometry Theory - Relating to the use of the Product Emissivity Emissivity is defined as the ratio of the energy emitted at a temperature to the energy emitted by a perfect blackbody at that same temperature. A perfect blackbody would have an emissivity of 1.0. However, in the real world there is no such thing as a perfect blackbody.

  • Page 18: Effect Of Background Temperature

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide The emissivity of an object is not an easy thing to determine. One method is to take a calibrated variable-emissivity IR thermometer, aim it properly at the object in question, and adjust its emissivity until its reading matches the known temperature of the object. This gives an average emissivity of the object over the IR thermometer’s bandwidth.

  • Page 19: Effect Of Angle On Emissivity

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Basic Infrared Thermometry Theory - Relating to the use of the Product As can be seen in the graph, the effect of background temperature is more troublesome when you measure lower temperatures than when you measure higher temperatures. The point of this discussion is that in order to do good IR thermometry, background temperature must be controlled.

  • Page 20: Size Of Spot, Size Of Source And Scatter

    (ASTM Standard E1256-95) to determine some of these parameters. Traceability Fluke Calibration’s traceability for the Product calibration comes through a radiometric transfer standard. The Product is calibrated with an 8 μ m to 14 μ m highly-accurate IR thermometer (radiometer).

  • Page 21: Treatment Of Ir Thermometers

    Calibration IR Cavities KEY: 4180 /4180 Figure 5. Product Traceability Note that when an IR thermometer is calibrated against another IR thermometer that uses the same temperature source, both should view the same portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Product calibration uses a highly-accurate IR thermometer which operates in the 8 μ...

  • Page 22: Use Of The Product In The Context Of Ir Theory

    Example of the Product Spectral Emissivity and Calibration Spectral Response. The 4180 purge system provides the user a way to ensure the emissivity remains consistent below the dew point. When used properly, the purge system will keep ice or moisture from forming on the target.

  • Page 23: Example Of The Product Spectral Emissivity And Calibration Spectral Response

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Basic Infrared Thermometry Theory - Relating to the use of the Product Example of the Product Spectral Emissivity and Calibration Spectral Response Figure and Figure help calculate uncertainty budgets for calibrating IR thermometers. They should be evaluated for any unit that is calibrated with the Product. Emissivity - Paint 1 Wavelength (um) Figure 6.

  • Page 24: Example Of An Uncertainty Budget For An Ir Thermometer Calibration

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide Reference IR Thermometer Spectral Response Wavelength ( m) Figure 7. Spectral Response of IR Thermometer Used to Calibrate the Product Example of an Uncertainty Budget for an IR Thermometer Calibration This section is an example of an uncertainty budget for the calibration of a theoretical IR thermometer using the Product.

  • Page 25: Example Ir Thermometer Uncertainty Budget

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Basic Infrared Thermometry Theory - Relating to the use of the Product Example IR Thermometer Uncertainty Budget Uncertainties Denot. Type Dist Divisor 100°C Target Uncertainties Calibration Uncertainty normal 0.284 Stability (long term) normal 0.050 Uniformity rectangular √3 0.145 Noise normal...

  • Page 26: Explanations

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide Explanations This is the uncertainty provided by the IR calibrator manufacturer. It follows a u1: Calibration Uncertainty normal distribution. This is the contribution from possible drift of the IR calibrator during its calibration interval. It is obtained from historical data of the IR thermometer model. It is...

  • Page 27: Further Reading

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Basic Infrared Thermometry Theory - Relating to the use of the Product Further Reading The list below contains excellent resources on IR thermometry theory and good measurement practices. • Theory and Practice of Radiation Thermometry by D.P. DeWitt and Gene D. Nutter (John Wiley & Sons) •...

  • Page 28: Digital Communication Interface

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide Digital Communication Interface Wiring Use a digital interface to connect the Product to a computer or other equipment. A digital interface lets you input the set-point temperature, monitor the temperature, control operating conditions, and access any of the other controller functions. The RS-232 serial interface allows serial digital communications over fairly-long distances.

  • Page 29: Setup

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Digital Communication Interface Setup Before operation, the serial interface must first be set up by programming the BAUD rate and other configuration parameters. These parameters are programmed within the communications menu. The serial interface parameters can be accessed from the main menu by MENU|SYSTEM SETUP|COMM SETUP|.

  • Page 30: Commands By Function Or Group

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide Commands by Function or Group In this section, the commands are arranged into the following groups, see Table 1: • Calibration Commands - commands for the Product calibration parameters. • Main Screen Commands - commands for parameters displayed on the main screen.
  • Page 31 Precision Infrared Calibrator Digital Communication Interface Table 1. Commands by Function or Group (cont.) Password Screen Parameter Command Protection Group Read/Write Program - Run TEST STATUS PROG:STAT Program - Edit ADVANCE PROG:PROM:ADV (none) PROG:PROM:STAT (none) PROG:PAR:CAT SETPOINT 1 PROG[x]:PAR SPO1 Conditional SETPOINT 2 PROG[x]:PAR SPO2...

  • Page 32: Serial Commands - Alphabetic Listing

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide Table 1. Commands by Function or Group (cont.) Password Screen Parameter Command Protection Group Read/Write System - Setup (none) SYST:KLOC Conditional System - Information (none) SYST:ERR (all) *IDN (none) *CLS FW VER SYST:COD:VERS (none) SYST:BEEP:IMM Temperature - Setup...
  • Page 33 This command has no response. Clears all status registers (for example, events, and operations). *IDN? Read the product information (Manufacturer, Model Number, Serial Number, and Firmware Version). Example: *IDN? Response: FLUKE,4180,A79002,1.00 OUTP:DATA? Read the main heat output percent. Example: OUTP1:DATA? Response: 18.0...
  • Page 34 4180, 4181 Technical Guide OUTP:STAT[?] [0|1] Read or set the Main Heat output enable, off [0] or on [1]. Read Example: OUTP:STAT? Response: 0 Set Example: OUTP:STAT 1 This command reads or sets the active heating or cooling output status. 0 is returned if the output status is off, and 1 is returned if the output status is on.
  • Page 35 Precision Infrared Calibrator Digital Communication Interface PROG:OPT:SOAK n Read or set the program soak time, 0 to 500 minutes. Default 1 Read Example: PROG:OPT:SOAK? Response: 15 Set Example: PROG:OPT:SOAK 350 PROG[n]:PAR? PAR Read or set a program parameter, for a given program identified by n, n = 1 to 8, where par is the parameter that you want to read.
  • Page 36 4180, 4181 Technical Guide PROG:SEL? Read or set the program selection, 1 to 8. Read Example: PROG:SEL? Response: 3 Set Example: PROG:SEL 2 PROG:STAT? Read or set the program execution state for the selected program, 0 (off) or 1 (run).
  • Page 37 Precision Infrared Calibrator Digital Communication Interface SOUR:CAL:PARx n Note This command is unconditionally protected, which requires a password to set it. Set a control temperature parameter, where x is a numeric value indicating the parameter, valid values are 1,2, or 3 representing IR CAL 1, IR CAL 2, and IR CAL 3. Range = ± 99.0; default: 0.0 Set Example: SOUR:CAL:PAR2 0.2 SOUR:CAL:PARx:TEMP? Read the calibration temperature associated with a calibration parameter, where x is a numeric value...
  • Page 38 4180, 4181 Technical Guide SOUR:LCON:INT[?] [n] Note This command is unconditionally protected, which requires a password to set it. Read or set the main control loop integral time in seconds. Range = {10.0-999.9} Read Example: SOUR:LCON:INT? Response: 20.0 Set Example: SOUR:LCON:INT 10 The main zone integral is the integration time in seconds that the unit's PID controller uses for main zone control.
  • Page 39 This command is conditionally protected and requires a password to set it. Read or set the soft cutout set-point where n is an integer value from 0 to 700. 4180 Range = {0.00 to 140.00} 4181 Range = {0.00 to 520.00}...
  • Page 40 4180, 4181 Technical Guide SOUR:SENS:BLOC? Reads the target temperature (uncompensated sensor temperature MENU|VIEW TEMP|BLOCK TEMP) in °C or °F. Read Example: SOUR:SENS:BLOC? Response: 24.091 SOUR:SENS:DATA? Reads the apparent temperature, in °C or °F. Read Example: SOUR:SENS:DATA? Response: 24.091 (current apparent temperature) SOUR:SPO[?] [n] Set the control set-point, °C or °F, where "n"...
  • Page 41 SOUR:STAB:LIM[?] [n] Read or set the control temperature stability limit, °C or °F where "n" is a positive real value. Range = {0.01 to 5.0 (°C)}; Default: 0.1 (°C) (Model 4180) 0.4 (°C) (Model 4181) Read Example: SOUR:STAB:LIM? Response: 0.1 Set Example: SOUR:STAB:LIM 0.09...
  • Page 42 4180, 4181 Technical Guide SYST:COMM:SER:BAUD[?] [<baud>] Read or set serial interface baud rate where baud is a standard baud rate value. Range baud = {1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, and 38400}; Default: 9600 Read Example: SYST:COMM:SER:BAUD? Response: 2400 Set Example: SYST:COMM:SER:BAUD 9600 SYST:COMM:SER:LIN[?] [n] Set serial interface linefeed enable, where n is a value 1 or 0.
  • Page 43 Precision Infrared Calibrator Digital Communication Interface SYST:LANG[?] [lang] Read or set the display language, where lang is ENGL, FREN, SPAN, ITAL, GERM, RUSS, JAP, CHIN; Default: English. Read Example: SYST:LANG? Response: ITAL Set Example: SYST:LANG ENGL SYST:LANG:CAT? Read the available display languages, Read Example: SYST:LANG:CAT? Response: ENGL, FREN, SPAN, ITAL, GERM, JAP, CHIN SYST:PASS:CDIS...
  • Page 44 4180, 4181 Technical Guide SYST:PASS:NEW n Note This command is unconditionally protected, which requires a password to set it. Set the password, where n is the new four-digit password. Range = {0000 - 9999}; Default: 1234 Example: SYST:PASS:NEW 1234 This command has no response.

  • Page 45: Terminology

    Enough capacity to keep aperture within the specifications Enough capacity so that the system is capable of reaching a dew point 10 ° below the Air Dryer/Filter (4180 only) coldest calibration point For a visual overview of the calibration process, see Figure 9.
  • Page 46 4180, 4181 Technical Guide Refer to: GENERAL TERMINO LO GY FUNDAMENTALS CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT Radiometic Alignment Visu al Inspection NOTE: Many tests that use the same nominal A s Left set-points may be performed sequentially. P reparation for Radiometric IR Target...

  • Page 47: Procedure

    Precision Infrared Calibrator Digital Communication Interface Procedure Visual Inspection Do a visual inspection of the DUT for signs of physical damage. If a problem is found, correct it before you proceed with the test. Examine the target for debris or damage. If the target is damaged, contact Customer Service. Manual IR Target Calibration Review the fundamentals in this section before you setup up the calibration environment.

  • Page 48: Frost Control

    Frost Control The 4180 will form frost on the target at temperatures below the dew point. Thus, during calibration at low temperatures, the Product requires that the surface of the target be purged with clean, dry air.
  • Page 49 Digital Communication Interface HOT STATION RTD Probe Radiometer Laser Alignment 4181 DUT Radiometer Water Return Chiller Chilled Water RTD Probe COLD STATION Readout Radiometer Laser Alignment 4180 DUT Radiometer Humidity-Controlled Chamber Dryer Humidity Sensor with Readout Figure 10. Calibration Model...

  • Page 50: Preparation For Ir Target Calibration

    Water-Cooled Aperture, Chiller, Air Dryer, and Temperature Monitoring • If using both a hot DUT (4181) and a cold DUT (4180), Fluke Calibration recommends that one aperture is for the hot DUT and one aperture is for the cold DUT.

  • Page 51: Settings

    Table 3. Humidity Sensor Calibration of the cold DUT (4180) requires a humidity sensor. The purpose of the humidity sensor is to ensure proper humidity levels for calibrating the cold DUTs. The humidity readout may be left on when not taking measurements. However, it should only be enabled to take measurements during the calibration process.

  • Page 52: Manual Ir Target Calibration Process

    4180, 4181 Technical Guide Intra-Test DUT Settings Once all necessary As Found data is collected, but before you do the alignment, the DUT configuration and control settings must be set to the indicated values in Table to ensure the data collection and alignment process is performed as required.
  • Page 53 Calculate offsets using Radiometric Accuracy data Radiometric Accuracy As Left data – Perform once at each point in descending Test (4180) order Table 9. 4180 Radiometric Accuracy Test Settings and Specifications Set-point Soak (min) Spec (±°C) Radiometric 2S Limit (°C) (Nominal) (°C)
  • Page 54 4180, 4181 Technical Guide 3. The Radiometric Accuracy Test collects As Found, Alignment, and As Left data. For the Radiometric Accuracy Test, radiance measurements (S) are taken from the radiometric reference standard. These measurements shall be recorded. The apparent temperature (TApp) is calculated...
  • Page 55 Record the result. See Table 11. Table 11. IR target Accuracy Adjustment Specifications Offset Spec Corresponding Corresponding Parameter Name Nominal *Variance (±) Temperature For Temperature for 4181 4180 (°C) (°C) IR CAL 1 0.000 9.999 IR CAL 2 0.000 9.999 IR CAL 3 0.000 9.999...
  • Page 56 4180, 4181 Technical Guide...

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