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Summary of Contents for Saft SBL
- Page 1 Nickel-cadmium block battery Technical manual...
- Page 2 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Contents Introduction Benefits of the block battery 2.1 Complete reliability 2.2 Long cycle life 2.3 Exceptionally long lifetime 2.4 Low maintenance 2.5 Wide operating temperature range 2.6 Fast recharge 2.7 Resistance to mechanical abuse 2.8 High resistance to electrical abuse 2.9 Simple installation 2.10 Extended storage...
- Page 3 Home Back Contents 6.7 Cycling 6.8 Effect of temperature on lifetime 6.9 Water consumption and gas evolution Battery sizing principles and sizing method in stationary standby applications 7.1 The voltage window 7.2 Discharge profile 7.3 Temperature 7.4 State of charge or recharge time 7.5 Aging 7.6 Floating effect Battery charging...
- Page 4 This manual details the design and operating characteristics of the Saft Nife pocket plate block battery to enable a successful battery system to be achieved. A battery which,...
- Page 5 More than 99 % of the nickel- A lifetime in excess of twenty years cadmium block battery can be is achieved by the Saft Nife block recycled, and Saft operates a High resistance to electrical battery in many applications, and at...
- Page 6 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Electrochemistry of nickel-cadmium batteries During discharge the trivalent nickel The nickel-cadmium battery uses nickel hydroxide as the active hydroxide is reduced to divalent material for the positive plate, and nickel hydroxide, and the cadmium cadmium hydroxide for the negative at the negative plate forms cadmium plate.
- Page 7 The cells are welded Saft Nife battery cells together to form rugged fulfill all requirements blocks of 1-10 cells specified by IEC, depending on the cell size.
- Page 8 The active material of the hydroxide. plate is not structural, only electrical. The alkaline electrolyte does not react The active materials of the Saft with steel, which means that the Nife pocket plate block battery are supporting structure of the block...
- Page 9 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Separation conditions, such as extended use in high temperature situations, the electrolyte can become carbonated. Separation between plates is If this occurs the battery performance provided by injection molded plastic can be improved by replacing the separator grids, integrating both plate electrolyte (see section 11.4).
- Page 10 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back The block battery uses 4 plate sizes Block width (mm) Block height (mm) Plate module or plate modules. These are designated module type 1, 2, 3 and 4. They can be recognized from the block dimensions as follows: Table 1 - Correlation between block dimensions and plate module number...
- Page 11 Home Back Contents Battery types and applications In order to provide an optimum solution for the wide range of battery applications which exist, the block battery is constructed in three performance ranges. Saft Battery types mini 15 min Autonomy maxi...
- Page 12 Back Back Back Type L Type H The SBL is designed for applications The SBH is designed for applications where the battery is required to where there is a demand for a provide a reliable source of energy relatively high current over short...
- Page 13 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Operating features Capacity The internal resistance of a block battery cell depends on the performance type and at normal The block battery capacity is rated in temperature has the values given ampere hours (Ah) and is the quantity in Table 3 in milliohms per Ah of electricity which it can supply for...
- Page 14 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Derating factor 5 hour rate Effect of temperature on performance 1 minute rate Variations in ambient temperature affect the performance of the cell, and this must be allowed for in 30 minute rate battery engineering.
- Page 15 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Short-circuit values Cycling The block battery is designed to The typical short-circuit value in withstand the wide range of cycling amperes for a block battery cell is behavior encountered in stationary approximately 9 times the ampere- applications.
- Page 16 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Percentage of initial capacity (%) 0°C In general terms, for every 9°C increase in temperature over the normal operating temperature of 25°C, the reduction in service life +20°C for a nickel-cadmium battery will be 20 %, and for a lead acid battery + 40°C will be 50 %.
- Page 17 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Temperature cm /month, Ah +25°C Water consumption and gas evolution H type M type L type During charging, more ampere-hours are supplied to the battery than the capacity available for discharge. These additional ampere-hours must be provided to return the battery to the fully charged state and, since they...
- Page 18 Home Back Contents Battery sizing principles in stationary standby applications There are a number of methods Discharge profile which are used to size nickel- cadmium batteries for standby This is the electrical performance floating applications. These include required from the battery for the the “Hoxie”...
- Page 19 Home Back Contents Aging Floating effect Some customers require a value to be When a nickel-cadmium cell is added to allow for the aging of the maintained at a fixed floating battery over its lifetime. This may be a voltageover a period of time, there is value required by the customer, for a decrease in the voltage level of the example 10 %, or it may be a...
- Page 20 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Battery charging To minimize the water usage, it is Charging generalities Constant voltage charging important to use a low charge voltage, methods and so the minimum voltage for the The block battery can be charged single level and the two level charge by all normal methods.
- Page 21 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Charge acceptance A discharged cell will take a certain time to achieve a full state of charge. Figures 6(a), (b) and (c) give the capacity available for typical charging voltages recommended for the block battery range during the first 30 hours of charge from a fully discharged state.
- Page 22 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back These graphs gives the recharge time The charge time for an M type plate for a current limit of 0.2C amperes. at different charge regimes for a fixed Clearly, if a lower value for the current voltage is given in Figure 6(d).
- Page 23 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Percentage 110 % 100 % 90 % charge efficiency 80 % 70 % 60 % Charge at Constant Current 50 % (current 0.2 C 40 % 30 % capacity charged 20 % 10 % Charge input (% Rated Capacity) Figure 7 - Charge efficiency as a function of state of charge...
- Page 24 Home Back Contents Home Home Home Back Back Back Special operating factors Electrical abuse Overcharge In the case of the block battery, Ripple effects with its generous electrolyte reserve, a small degree of overcharge over The nickel-cadmium battery is tolerant a short period will not significantly to high ripple and will accept ripple alter the maintenance period.
- Page 25 Home Back Contents Installation and storage Batteries on arrival Filled cells Discharged and empty cells 10.1 Filled cells can be stored for up to a Cells discharged and empty can be On receiving the battery, open the maximum of one year. The cells stored for many years if kept under cases and check for any indication of should be sealed with the plastic...
- Page 26 Thus, 1 Ah of overcharge selection of the battery produces 0.45 liters of hydrogen. accommodation. In case of doubt, please contact your Saft Nife representative for advice. When mounting the battery, ensure that the cells are correctly interconnected with the appropriate polarity.
- Page 27 Home Back Contents Therefore, the volume of hydrogen Thus, to maintain a maximum Discharged and empty cells evolved from a battery per hour concentration of 2 % (for example), the air in the room will need Check that cells are externally clean = number of cells x charge current changing 3/2 = 1.5 times per hour.
- Page 28 Do not use a wire brush for a particular installation. or a solvent of any kind. Vent caps can be rinsed in clean water, if Saft has a full range of topping-up necessary. equipment available to aid this operation.
- Page 29 Please consult your Saft representative under However, if a capacity test of the these conditions. battery is needed, the following procedure should be followed: Recommended 11.5...
- Page 30 As one of Saft’s three product groups, the Advanced and Industrial Battery Group spans an extremely broad range of industrial applications : aircraft, railways, electric vehicles, space, defense and other industries.
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