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Tokyo Keiki UFL-30 Installation & Operation Manual

Ultrasonic flowmeter
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Doc No. KF08-001J
Ultrasonic Flowmeter
UFL-30
Installation & Operation Manual

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  • Page 1 Doc No. KF08-001J Ultrasonic Flowmeter UFL-30 Installation & Operation Manual...

  • Page 2: Safety Symbols

    Follow directions given herein at all times when operation. TOKYO KEIKI INC. is not at all liable for an injury and/or a damage resulting from misuse of this equipment by the user that is contrary to these cautionary notes.
  • Page 3 Name of each part Bracket Front Functional cover Earth screw terminal Front cover screw Bracket Cable Glands Bracket Bottom View Front View Enclosure Packing Front Cover Panel Cover Operation Key Window Protective Earth cable Pocket RS232C connector Power Switch Protective Earth cable Fuse Cable Glands Switch Panel...

  • Page 4: Labels And Attached Place

    Labels and attached place Caution Label Regulation Label Warning Label Production Label Rating Label for power supply lating Label for Fuse Caution Label for Electric shock Functional Earth Label Caution Label...
  • Page 5 Labels attached inside of the equipment are as follows. [Warning Label] Indicates that incorrect usage may result in death or serious injury to the operator. [Caution Label] Indicates that incorrect usage may result in loss of life or serious injury to the operator. [Rating Label] Power supply rating [ For AC power supply type ]...
  • Page 6 Wiring Diagram label Caution Label Protective Earth Label view of service space [Wiring Diagram for AC power supply type] [Wiring diagram for DC power supply type] [Caution Label] [Protective Earth Label]...
  • Page 7 Usage Precautions This instrument is used to measure flow quantities by means of ultrasound. For safe usage and optimum performance of the flowmeter, always operate the instrument according to the usage precautions below. WARNING Do not open the inner panel while feeding power. Do not modify and disassemble the unit.

  • Page 8: Introduction

    Introduction Thank you for your selecting our Ultrasonic Flowmeter. This Manual includes detailed explanations regarding safety cautions, structure, set up, operation, troubleshooting, and maintenance of the Ultrasonic Flowmeter. Read this manual carefully before operation to ensure an adequate understanding of the equipment.

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Safety Precaution ....................Safety Symbols ....................(1) Name of each parts .................... Labels and attached place ................. Usage Precaution ..........…..........Introduction ......................(7) Proper use of the Manual ..................Precautions regarding to the Manual ..............(7) Restrictions and precautions necessary to maintain the equipment ....(7) Disposal ......................
  • Page 10 III. Other Here you can see concerned with Maintenance, Specification or Measuring Principle. III-1. Maintenance and Inspection ............III-3 III-1-1 Transducer and main unit maintenance and inspection ....III-3 III-1-2 Parts like reference ................ III-3 III-2. General Specifications ..............III-5 III-2-1 Overall Specification ...............
  • Page 11 (blank) (10)

  • Page 12: Installation

    I. Installation...

  • Page 13: I-1. Configuration

    Chapter I Index I-1. Configuration Configuration ..................Basic Configuration (for large pipe 1 or 2path) ......….…… Basic Configuration (for large pipe 4path) ......….…………. Basic Configuration (for small pipe 1 or 2path) ....….…………. Basic Configuration (for small pipe 4path) ......….…………. I-2. Installation and Wiring I-2-1 Setup Procedure ................
  • Page 14 I-1. Configuration This Ultrasonic Flowmeter consists of the following primary components. Fig. 1-1 to 1-4 shows the interrelationship among the different parts. Name Q'ty Details Chap. Page Main Unit Ultrasonic Flowmeter Main Unit III-2-5 III-14 2pcs Ultrasonic transmitter-receiver sensors Transducers III-2-5 III-15,16 (to be used in combination with cables)
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  • Page 18 I- 7...

  • Page 19: I-2-1 Setup Procedure

    I-2 Installation and Wiring Installation and wiring should be worked carefully. DANGER Be sure to stop power supply to the main unit for installation and wiring work to prevent electrical shock . WARNING Make sure that wiring are made correctly as incorrect connections may result in damage to the main unit and connected accessories.
  • Page 20 (2) Required tool for installation Following tools are required for installation site work. Item Name Q’ty Purpose Monkey wrench (approx. 300mm) 2 pcs For tightener handling Second-cut file (approx. 300mm) 2pcs For pipe or cable treatment Hammer 1 pc For wire or tightener location adjustment Disc sander 1 pc For pipe polish (Pipe treatment)

  • Page 21: I-2-2 Selection Of Transducer Setup Position

    I-2-2 Selection of Transducer Setup Position WARNING Do not install the transducers in a atmosphere where any flammable or explosive gas is present. (1) Setup position As a rule, compliance with the conditions given below when positioning the transducers assures top performance of the flowmeter and keeps measurement aberrations due to flow quantity fluctuation at an absolute minimum.
  • Page 22 I-11...

  • Page 23: I-2-3 Placement Of The Main Unit

    I-2-3 Placement of the main unit WARNING Do not install the main unit in a atmosphere where any flammable or explosive gas is present. NOTE Do not install the main unit higher than altitude 3000m to comply with EC directive. (1) Setup location Consider the following conditions when selecting a setup location for the main unit.
  • Page 24 Cable entry for Cable entry for power cable transducer cable for CH1 Functional earth terminal （Grounding requires Cable entry for Type D or higher） transducer cable for CH2 Cable entry for I/O cable or I/O cables Housing bottom Fig 1-2-4-2. Wire Entry & Earth connector Fig 1-2-4-3.
  • Page 25 Table 2-1; Connection Terminals Specification or settings may limit the functions. Please be careful of the polarization(+/-) of each line. Name Instruction Connection "+" is for positive-side and "-" is for negative-side of Voltage or current source. User can assign max 4 types of contact output from following selection. (1)BREAK: Not Used (Normal Open) (2)MAKE: Not Used (Normal Close) INTG PULSE：Totalizing Pulse output...
  • Page 26 (4) Connect transducer cables Connect the coaxial cable for the upstream transducer to a Terminal for transducer. Likewise connect the cable for the downstream transducer to a same terminal. For Multi-path measurement connection, please refer to I-2-5. For the transducer cable treatment, refer to clause I-2-10. aa.
  • Page 27 dd. Hold down the GND part of the coaxial cable by the cable clamp and tighten up the screw firmly. After that, tighten up the screw of the terminal "TB10" without so strong. Note that this turn of work is important. When the wrong order, work to clamp GND maybe give a stress to the core conductor of the cable and cut it.
  • Page 28 (5) Connect I/O cable (analog or relay output) line Use high quality standard issue cables with a cross-section of 0.75 - 2 mm as signal cables which outer size of cable is 6~12mm as completed treatment. aa. Pass the I/O cable through the cable gland of upper second from right. After positioning the cable, tighten the cable gland exactly to fix the cable and to protect against water and dust .
  • Page 29 (6) Connect Power cable DANGER Be sure to stop power supply to power cable while wiring work to prevent electrical shock . CAUTION 1. Avoid sharing a power source with other electrical appliances. 2. To comply with EC Directives, use a cable that complies with the requirements prescribed by IEC60227 or IEC60245.

  • Page 30: I-2-5 Multi-Path Connection To Main Unit

    ee. Insert each wire in the loading slot while pushing the lever of the terminal by the screwdriver, type slotted. Then finished. AC type DC type Live-line -----> #1 slot of TB1 Positive-line ----> #1 slot of TB1 Neutral-line -----> #2 slot of TB1 Negative-line --->...
  • Page 31 (2) 4-Path Connection (If ordered as 4-path system, skip to 2-E) 2-A. Remove the shield cover of transducer cable terminal Remove the shield cover (indicated below) for multi-path set up (bottom diagram) by loosening the screws. In case of ordered as 4-path system originally, shield cover and clamp stand are not included. Shield Cover Remove 2-B.
  • Page 32 (Red-line) 1st path Upstream 1st path Downstream (Red-line) (Green-line) 2nd path Upstream 2nd path Downstream (Green-line) (Blue-line) 3rd path Upstream 3rd path Downstream (Blue-line) (White-line) 4th path Upstream 4th path Downstream (White-line) Cable ground attached. 1m Cable attached as standard. Multi-Path Junction Box To Transducers...
  • Page 33 2) Assembling cable conduit Step1:Prepare parts in order shown below Step2:Assemble as shown Please follow the above procedure for both conduit sides. 2-H. Lead cable into Conduit Step1: Lead cable Step2: Fix bolt Step3: Slip on other cable parts 2-I. Attach conduit fittings Screw cable fittings onto the main unit.
  • Page 34 Step3: Fix cable gland on main unit. Step4: Fix cable gland on junction box as shown below. side as shown below. 2-K. Connection of Transducer lines from junction box to terminals of main unit Connect the 8 transducer lines to the main unit. Each line is color-coded. Connect lines to their proper terminals.

  • Page 35: I-2-6 Functional Ground Connection

    I-2-6 Functional ground connection System should be grounded as near to the main unit as possible based on the grounding specifications in (*1). Refer to Fig.1-2-4-2 for functional ground connection points. Functional grounding would be worked for noise shield and lightning surge protection. (*1) Grounding Grounding resister: Less than 100 ohm...

  • Page 36: I-2-9 Transducer Installation Procedure

    I-2-9. Transducer Installation Procedure CAUTION Do not give a shock to the transducer. The distance between transducers needs to be determined prior to transducer installation. Please refer to section I-2-13 to determine this distance before proceeding with the steps described below for installation (1) Transducer Installation on Pipes Greater than 300mm in diameter There are two transducer installation methods.
  • Page 37 1-a-5. Using a pencil or marking pen, extend the crease lines outward from each edge of the paper onto the pipe (at points (1),(2)). With the outside edge of one holder (i.e. edge for P-distance measurement) which is to be positioned at one edge of the gauge paper, measure and mark off the P-distance to the other transducer holder as shown in Fig.
  • Page 38 1-a-7. Surface treatment Prepare the pipe at the intended flow measurement point, making sure it is clean and free of loose material. Sand as necessary to remove any high spots. However, be sure to maintain the original curvature of the pipe and avoid eradicating the marks on the pipe. Installation distance Polish...
  • Page 39 7- Roughly position the transducer holders under the wires at the target locations. 8- Adjust the transducer holders so they are positioned precisely. The red scored marking on the holders must be aligned with the line marked on the pipe. 9- Confirm that the positions are correct as calculated and adjust the turnbuckle fixture to tension the wires on the pipe.
  • Page 40 1-a-10. Transducer setting After installing the transducers, confirm the distance between transducers (F dist) again. Note: Transducer cables should face inward toward each other. Installation distance F dist P-distance Fig. 1-2-9-15 Note: To avoid keep parallel of each wire, you can use gauge paper as reference. I- 29...
  • Page 41 1-B. Direct Transmission Method (Z-method) 1-b-1. Follow the procedure described under the reflection method, Section (1)-A, and paragraphs 1-a-1 to 1-a-4. 1-b-2. Using a pencil or marking pen, mark the pipe at both edges of the paper at the overlap and at the crease by using a pencil or marking pen to extend the lines outward from the paper onto the pipe.
  • Page 42 1-C. Multi-Path Transducer Installation When more than 2 pairs of transducers are employed, the basic procedures for mounting transducers for single paths are also used in multi-path installations. 2 channel: Gauge paper should be double folded to divide the circumference by 4. Follow the same steps used to install single path transducers.
  • Page 43 (2) Transducer Installation for Small Diameter Pipes (less than 250mm) The V-method (reflection method) is generally recommended for small pipe diameter applications although the Z-method (transmission method) may also be used when conditions are poor, such as for rusty pipes, which reduce echo signals. 2-A.
  • Page 44 2-a-4. Remove transducer cover from mounting fixture kit. L= 300 or 450 Cover Fitting plate Transducer Mounting rail Transducer holder Screw plate *Fasten belt (*lsee than 100mm pipe,number of belt will be Two) Fig.1-2-9-24 Mounting fixture kit assembly The mounting fixture kit is available in two lengths, standard length of 450mm and optional length of 300mm.
  • Page 45 2-a-7 Installation of Mounting Rail on Pipe Install the mounting rail with the fastening belts. The transducers should be positioned on the sanded area of the pipe as shown in Fig. 1-2-9-27. Mounting rail Center Line Cable clamp Fastening belts Fig.1-2-9-27 Mounting Fixture kit The fastening belts consist of 3 parts as shown below.
  • Page 46 2-a-9 Transducer Setting Fasten the belts and check to insure that the mounting rail position is parallel to the pipe axis and then firmly tightening the belts. After the mounting rail is fixed in such manner, set the transducers into the holders in the fixture. The transducers should be positioned on the sanded area of the pipe and the distance between the center marks of the two transducers should be the determined F-dist.

  • Page 47: I-2-10 Transducer Cable Treatment For Main Unit

    I-2-10. Transducer Cable Treatment for Main Unit Cable is composed as below. Cable treatment will be divided 3 part. Outer sheath Step1; Outer sheath part Step2; Inner sheath part Inner sheath Step3; Core part Outer shield Inner shield Core sheath Core Cable section Step 1;...
  • Page 48 Step 2; Inner sheath treatment 4. Remove inner sheath. 1. Make slit at the point where folding back outer shield. 5. Fold back inner shield as below. NOTE: Do not damage shield part by over slitting. Please remain sheath thickness as around 0.1mm at least.
  • Page 49 Step 3; Core part treatment 4. W ring off the core sheath slowly. 1. Measure 3mm from shield return point. 5. Confirm 3mm core cable as left as below. 2. Make slit at the point where 3mm from folding back shields checked on above. 6.

  • Page 50: I-2-11 Cable Connection Treatment With Chemical Binder

    I-2-11. Cable Connection Treatment With Chemical Binder Chemical binder can be supplied if required (5) Bundle inner shield for soldering. (1) Before starting cable treatment, both end of (6 bundles are recommended.) cable sheath should be filed off elaborately by included sandpaper to stick chemical binder onto cable very well.
  • Page 51 sheath as shown. (Suggestion only) electrical tape similar to steps (11) and (12). You can skip this step. (14) Place the joined cable in the center of the mold casing cavity. (10) Wrap electrical tape or contained self-adhesion tape around the core lines. (15) Seal the ends of the mold casing with tape.

  • Page 52: I-2-12 Installation Outfit

    I-2-12. Installation Outfit Standard component of outfit is as follows, Item Name Description Couplant for temporary installation Cable tightener Heat shrinkable tube for ground line of transducer coaxial cable Solderless Ring Terminal for ground line Epoxy adhesive for transducer installation permanently Note;...

  • Page 53: I-2-13 Input Parameters By Commissioning Software

    I-2-13. Input parameters by Commissioning software Commissioning software is used to configure for the flowmeter by a personal computer. (1) System requirements : Windows 98 or later Display: 640 x 480 or higher Port : Serial Port EIA-232C (RS-232C) required (NOTE: USB-serial converter available.) (2) Software installation Copy "FlowConfig"...
  • Page 54 (6) Serial number check "In the beginning" “UF Information” opens automatically. Click "READ" button. Meaning of column color Please be noted that each color of columns on software are as follows, Column Status Color Blue Before read-out from main unit. White After read-out from main unit.
  • Page 55 (10) Localization setting Metric English Conversion reference Selection window for Localization function. 1[mm] = 0.0393701[in] 1[in] = 25.4[mm] Usually, Localization should be applied and 1[m] = 3.28084[ft] "4" is selected for Trigger Number. 1[ft] = 0.3048[m] 1[m/s] = 3.28084[ft/s] ft/s 1[ft/s] = 0.3048[m/s] English Conversion reference...
  • Page 56 (12) Unit Setting (15) Contact Output setting Exponents and flow rate unit will be selected You can set item for contact output and its on this part. characteristics on this part. (13) Analog output range setting (16) Digital output setting Analog range and decimal position will be You can select protocol of digital output.
  • Page 57 Flow Measurement Offline installation If you would like to upload later on, you can Transducer installation should be completed. also save all set parameter into your PC. Pipe should be full-filled with fluid. Flow should be stable enough. (18) Automatic Gain Adjustment Open "Basic"...
  • Page 58 [Error Messages] Item Instruction aa) “bW” : Bubble Warning Communication Com. status between PC and Main unit The error will be indicated when pulse height Breakdown Breakdown alarm fluctuates during AGA setting due to fluid conditions like air bubble contained. ROFF No receiving echo warning In such case, you might be required flow...
  • Page 59 New Feature of extra function on “Flow Config” Logging function On-line Trend Graph This trend graph will indicate following items You can see flow trend and also do logging all - Average flowrate of all path measuring data to your PC by using this - Average velocity of all path commissioning software.

  • Page 60: Ii. Operation

    II. Operation...
  • Page 61 Chapter II INDEX Calibration II-1. Functions ・ Correction of measurement values..II-17 ・ Flow volume cutoff....II-17 Flow display ・ Smoothing........II-17 ・ Numerical section....… II-5 ・AGC..........II-17 ・ Multipliers......… II-6 ・ Units of flow......…. II-6 ・ Flow density.......….. II-6 Other ・...
  • Page 62 Chapter II INDEX (cont.) II-2. Operation II-2-1 Main operating unit layout............II-19 II-2-2 Startup and shutdown procedure..........II-20 II-2-3 LCD and operating keys............... II-20 II-2-4 Display layout and description............II-21 II-2-4-1 Measurement display..........II-21 II-2-4-2 Menu screen............... II-22 II-2-5 Menu Overview in LCD.............. II-23 II-2-6 How to operate (function by function)........
  • Page 63 [6] Digital output Function (RS232C) a. Change baud rate ............. II-38 b. Download parameters ............II-38 c. Change parameters through PC......... II-38 [7] Check Function a. Clear warning counter............II-38 b. Check analog output............II-39 c. Calibrate analog output ............. II-40 d.

  • Page 64: Ii-1. Function

    II-1. Functions This chapter summarizes the functions of the ultrasonic flowmeter. Please refer to Chapter II-2 ‘Operation’ for setting methods. WARNING 1. Do not make the inner panel open when the equipment is working. High voltage parts causing electrical shock are inside. 2.
  • Page 65 [Multipliers] Select multipliers from the following. , 10 , 1, 10 , 10 , 10 For example, 10 is expressed as ×1000. Exponents are not displayed when ‘1’ is selected. Note1: Setting cannot be done during the flow velocity measurement mode. Note 2: LCD display exponential indicators may be described in this manual as ‘E-6’...
  • Page 66 Analog output (4-20mA current output) This function converts the flow measurement range setting (zero to max. setting value) into a 4～20mA current output. Two output channels and 8 output patterns are provided. • Each channel is insulated which allows current output reception from two separate locations. •...
  • Page 67 2. 1:+/-:SNGL (1 system, 2 direction single range output) Measures forward and reverse direction flows. Measurement ranges for each direction can be independently set. Graph of flow relative to output current is shown below. 20mA ０ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ High High 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ...
  • Page 68 5. 2:+/-:SNGL (2 system, 2 direction single range output) Forward direction and reverse direction flows are measured by channel 1 and channel 2 respectively. One range. Graphs of flow relative to output current are shown below CH1 output CH2 output 20mA 20mA ０...
  • Page 69 7. 2:+/-/DBL (2 system, 2 directional double range output) Channels 1 and 2 measure forward direction and reverse direction flows respectively. Channels 1 and 2 provide high range and low range measurements respectively. Selectable channel switching based on flow direction or range. Graphs of flow relative to output current are shown below.
  • Page 70 [Operation with no received signal (ROFF Alarm)] In the event that there is no received signal and measurement cannot be made, the analog output status can be selected. Operational setting can be selected from the following. 0%, HOLD, 100%, BURN OUT [Equipment failure (B.D.) operation] (Note: B.D.
  • Page 71 Integration (Totalizing) Totalized value is composed of an alphanumeric sequence and unit of measurement. The alphanumeric display is expressed with a maximum of 7 digits. If the unit of flow is set as volumetric flow, the selectable totalizing unit to be set will be in volumetric flow units. If the unit of flow is set in mass flow units, the selectable totalized flow unit to be set will be in mass flow units.
  • Page 72 Relay (CONTACT) Output Totalized pulse signals and warnings can be output using the relay. Signals can be allotted independently to each of the 4 contacts (relay channels, 1 to 4). The output logic of relay channels 1 to 4 can also be independently inverted. [Operation] Desired operational output for each relay channel can selected from the list below.
  • Page 73 [Totalized pulse width] When FW INTG (forward flow totalized pulse output) or BW INTG (reverse flow totalized pulse output) is set as relay operation output, the width of the totalized pulse (i.e. time when the relay output is being created with the inverted output OFF) is set. Totalized pulse width can be selected from the following.
  • Page 74 Confirmation of operational status Operation of each function after data setting such as analog output, range fixing, and measurement path fixing and whether or not measurement is functioning properly can be checked. [Battery] A letter ‘B’ blinks at the upper portion of the measurement screen when remaining battery power is low.
  • Page 75 positions. Value units are determined by the units of flow (unit and exponent). [Checking forward and reverse flow changes] Relay clatter caused by frequent forward and reverse flow changes can be suppressed to exceed a fixed period. [Clearing of ROFF and DIS occurrences (log display)] This function allows ‘0’...
  • Page 76 Calibration [Correction of measurement values] 1. Zero shift (Zero point correction) Addition and subtraction to compensate for offsets in measurement values can be performed. Corrective value is a maximum, 7-digit alphanumeric including decimal point. Displayed digits and decimal point position is determined by the input expression of the forward max.
  • Page 77 Other [Setting of fault tolerance] Setting selection can be made to enable continuance of measurement (‘ON’) or discontinuance of measurement (‘OFF’) as long as measurement is enabled even if equipment malfunctions occur or when there is no received signal. Measurement is possible under the following conditions. •...

  • Page 78: Ii-2. Operation

    II-2. Operation This chapter provides information necessary for system operation, including layout of the operating unit, startup and shutdown procedures, screen navigation, and operating instructions. WARNING 1. Do not make the inner panel open when the equipment is working. High voltage parts causing electrical shock are inside.

  • Page 79: Ii-2-2 Startup And Shutdown Procedure

    II-2-2 Startup and shutdown procedure (1) Startup • Turn power switch ON. If system setting is complete, system will run through self-diagnostics and automatically commence measurement. (2) Shutdown • Turn power switch OFF. Data, totalized values, etc., which are required for measurement will be retained in non-volatile memory and in battery-powered back-up memory when the system is shutdown.

  • Page 80: Ii-2-4 Display Layout And Description

    II-2-4 Display layout and description II-2-4-1 Measurement display Flow Volume Display B: blinks when battery is low Status check (display during check operations） R: appears during no receiving echo warning A: appears during A-OUT check D: appears when disturbance is detected R: appears during RANGE check O: appears when high/low limit settings exceed M: appears during path fixing check...

  • Page 81: Ii-2-4-2 Menu Screen

    II-2-4-2 Menu screen Top Menu T O P M E N U ENT key: move to menu selection ESC key: return to measurement screen ( I N P U T ) C H E C K <- -> key: select INPUT, and CHECK <- ->...

  • Page 82: Ii-2-5 Menu Overview In Lcd

    II-2-5 Menu Overview in LCD Fig. 4-3 ; Summary of LCD Operation Power On Indication Flow Velocity INTEG. STATUS 1 STATUS 2 Rate + ENT FUNCTION Select MENU / INPUT Flowmeter or MENU TOP MENU / MEASUREMENT Velocity meter Select INPUT or CHECK MEAS.UNIT MEASUREMENT...

  • Page 83: Ii-2-6 How To Operate

    II-2-6 How to operate, Function by Function (LCD operation & PC operation) This section provides a description of operation in accordance with each function that you would like to setup. Please refer to paragraph II-1 “Functions”. Each menu and parameter has an I.D. address in the memory as described below. [Address: menu item] The first address [ INP-1 ], this category can be reached from the menu of “MEASUREMENT”...
  • Page 84 (2) Flow Measurement Relation Change measuring unit Display Menu No. : INP-121 : MULTIPLIER Display Menu No. : INP-122 : FLOW UNIT , x10 , x1, x10 , x10 , x10 Multiplier Options Measuring Unit Options /D, m /h, m /min, m /s, L/h, L/min, L/s, t/D, t/h, t/min, t/s, kg/h, kg/min, kg/s,...
  • Page 85 c. Set High / Low Alarm Display Menu No. Menu Item Detail of Data Range of Value INP-1451 LIMIT ALARM On / Off Upper Limit Value INP-1452 +UPPER LIMIT 0.000 to 99999.0 for Forward Flow Lower Limit Value INP-1453 +LOWER LIMIT 0.000 to 99999.0 for Forward Flow Upper Limit Value...
  • Page 86 d. Prevent frequent changeover between Forward measuring and Backward measuring during low flow situation d-1 Forward / Backward Operation Display Menu No. : INP-146 : FW/BW OPE. Initial value : “ 0: OFF ” d-2 Low Flow Cut Individually setup Display Menu No.
  • Page 87 e. Adjust measured value e-1 Zero Shift Individually setup Display Menu No. : INP-151 : +ZERO SHIFT both Forward and Backward : INP-154 : -ZERO SHIFT Range of Input : +ZERO SHIFT : -9999.0 to 9999.00 : -ZERO SHIFT : -9999.0 to 9999.00 Flow Rate Unit : According to Measuring Unit that was set in INP-121 : MULTIPLIER &INP-122 : FLOW UNIT.
  • Page 88 f. Dampen Output fluctuation (Change Smoothing parameter) Display Menu No. : INP-16 : SMOOTHING Initial value : “ 015 sec. ” Range of Input : 0 to 120 (sec.) Note : This value means the time until measuring flow rate reaches 90% by step-up increment. If the time is extended close to 120 sec., the output will be dampened well against fluctuation.
  • Page 89 b. Change digits of flow rate display and/or measuring range Display Menu No. : INP-132 : +MAX VALUE The number of maximum characters on the LCD and the position of the decimal point will be arranged according to the parameter, Maximum Flow Rate (Forward). The maximum number of characters on LCD is 7 characters including “...
  • Page 90 c. Determining flow direction or High/Low ranges Display Menu No. : INP-136 : CLASSIFY Initial value : “0 : FW/BW” (flow direction). This parameter is required if analog output profile “2:+/-:DBL” is selected for parameter, INP-131: A-OUT TYPE.. d. Changing the On/Off Range switching method for double range (Set manual range switching) Display Menu No.
  • Page 91 e. No receiving echo (ROFF ALARM) setting Display Menu No. : INP-141 : ROFF ALARM Initial value : “0* OR” (no receiving echo from ANY path) “1: AND” = no receiving echo from ALL paths Fault tolerance setting Display Menu No. : INP-142 : FAULT TOLERANCE Initial value : “1:ON”...
  • Page 92 g. Changing analog output operation during ROFF (no receiving echo) Display Menu No. : INP-143 : ROFF A-OUT OPE. Initial value : “1 : HOLD” h. Changing analog output operation during Break Down (B.D.) Display Menu No. : INP-144 : B.D. A-OUT OPE. Initial value : “1 : HOLD”...
  • Page 93 (4) Integration (Totalizing) Function a. Changing totalizing unit Individually set up for both forward Display Menu No. : INP-211 : +ITG.UNIT and backward modes INP-212 : -ITG.UNIT Initial value : “0 : NONE” (no integration) For mass units (i.e. kg, t, etc.), the mass flow rate unit (i.e. kg/h, t/min., etc.) must be selected prior to selecting the totalizing unit under parameter, INP-122: FLOW UNIT.
  • Page 94 c. Presetting totalizing start value Initial value : “0000000” Range of value : 0 to 9999999 Display Menu No. Function INP-231 : +ITG.PRESET Preset starting value for forward flow integration INP-232 : -ITG.PRESET Preset starting value for backward flow integration INP-223 : [PRESET START] Integration starts from preset value.
  • Page 95 (5) Contact (Relay) Output Function a. Contact (Relay) output menu and initial value Display Menu No. : INP-311 : RELAY#1 PARAM INP-312 : RELAY#2 PARAM Individually set up INP-313 : RELAY#3 PARAM INP-314 : RELAY#4 PARAM Initial value : “0 : BREAK” (no output) b.
  • Page 96 c. Switching contact method, open or closed (make-contact or break-contact) Display Menu No. : INP-331 : RELAY#1 INVERS INP-332 : RELAY#2 INVERS Individually set up INP-333 : RELAY#3 INVERS INP-334 : RELAY#4 INVERS Initial value : “0 : OFF” (make-contact output, normal open) II-37...
  • Page 97 (6) Digital Output Function (RS-232C) a. Changing Baud Rate of RS232C output Display Menu No. : INP-421 : BAUD RATE#1 INP-422 : BAUD RATE#2 Initial value : BAUD RATE#1 = “9600BPS” BAUD RATE#2 = “19200BPS” b. Downloading parameters to a personal computer (PC) A PC can be connected to port#2 using an RJ-45 connector to download setting parameters.
  • Page 98 b. Checking analog output (4-20mA current output) Display Menu No. : CHK-21 : RATIO Range of Value : -120.0 to +120.0 In order to set any output current, you need to input a percentage of full scale flow rate. If “SPAN CORR”...
  • Page 99 c. Calibrating analog output (4-20mA current output) Display Menu No. : CHK-23 : [A-OUT CALIB] Calibration is required for each output channel, CH1 & CH2. Input check mark on “calibration” column. Then calibration button for each channel shows up. You can select CH and start analog loop calibration. Flowmeter will output simulated value.
  • Page 100 d. Provisional measurement check in single range mode Display Menu No. : CHK-3 : RANGE This function is used to set the output range (+/-. Hi/Low). When provisional range setting is activated, mark < R > appears at the far right of the 1 line, except when [STATUS 1] or [STATUS 2] is displayed.
  • Page 101 f. AGA operation AGA (Automatic Gain Adjustment) function The AGA function is performed after the transducers are attached and before measurement operation in order to set the optimum reception gain. There are two modes - automatic and manual. Display Menu No. : CHK-5: [GAIN] MANUAL---#A (Gain to be set manually for all paths at once? Yes or No) #1 (1...
  • Page 102 cc) “ROFF” : No receiving echo Warning The error will be indicated when any echo cannot be detected on transducers. - Mounting distance - Mounting direction - Cable connection - Fluid condition - Pipe condition - Parameter settings …. and so on. In such case, please check each cause and improve.
  • Page 103 AGC function The Automatic Gain Control function controls the gain automatically to maintain the reception echo at the level set with AGA when the reception echo becomes unstable. Normally the Auto Gain Control is kept off, that is, [0: OFF] under CHK-6: AGC. Note: The AGC function must not be used in cases of turbulent flow as disturbances (air bubbles, cavitation, etc.) may hamper the flowmeter ‘s ability to regain proper measurement function.
  • Page 104 h. Confirm sound velocity & Reynolds number Display Menu No. : CHK-7 : [BASIC DATA] [Speed of sound] = Sound Velocity of liquid (Averaged) [REYNOLDS] = Reynolds Number II-45...
  • Page 105 Flowmeter self-diagnostics Display Menu No. : CHK-8 : [UF STATUS] The flowmeter is equipped with a periodic self-check function. Error Code ERR01-TX Transmitting Circuit, OK or NG (w/ No. of path) ERR02-RX Receiving Circuit, OK or NG (w/ No. of path) ERR-04-COUNTER Time Measuring Circuit, OK or NG The result of time measuring...

  • Page 106: Ii-2-7 Output Operating During Aberrations In Measurement

    II-2-7 Output operating during aberrations in measurement Fig. 4-4; Transition diagram during measurement aberrations Measurement interrupted by Critical Breakdown B.D. A-OUT OPE. 0 : OFF FAULT TOLERANCE 1 : ON There is a breakdown. B.D. A-OUT OPE. No Echo Receiving, No Echo Receiving, ANY path ALL paths...
  • Page 107 • Example of LCD Indication Normal V o l . < A R M > B R D O - 1 0 . 3 4 E + 3 When the flowmeter experiences a breakdown, an error code appears in the status area of the display. V o l .

  • Page 108: Ii-2-8 Error Message

    II-2-8 Error Message If invalid data or selection is entered, an error message will be displayed. The previous setting is automatically retained and the display will revert to the previous indication. ex : When invalid data is input S M O O T H I N G S M O O T H I N G S M O O T H I N G s e c...
  • Page 109 II-50 (blank)
  • Page 110 III. Other...
  • Page 111 Chapter III Index III-1. Maintenance and Inspections III-1-1 Transducer and Main unit maintenance and Inspection ... III-3 III-1-2 Lifetime of components ............III-3 III-2. General Specifications III-2-1 Overall ..................III-5 III-2-2 Main unit .................. III-6 III-2-3 Transducer ................III-13 III-2-4 Accessories ................III-13 III-2-5 Dimensions ................

  • Page 112: Iii-1. Maintenance And Inspection

    III-1-2 Lifetime of components Certain components of the main unit have operational life expectancies. Periodic check of these components is recommended. Please contact the Tokyo Keiki representative in your area of the manufacturer when any component replacement is required. (1) LCD The specified electrical life of the LCD which is part of the main electronics unit is 5 years under room temperature.
  • Page 113 (Memory does not consume battery power.) Under such usage, the battery should normally be replaced approximately every 10 years. Also pay attention to the “B” mark (low battery warning) indicator appearing on the LCD display. WARNING 1. Use only specified battery. 2.

  • Page 114: Iii-2. General Specifications

    III-2. General Specifications III-2-1. Overall Measurement Fluids Homogeneous and sonically conductive fluids (water, waste water, industrial water, river water, sea water, pure water, etc.) -25°C to +115°C (depend on transducer) Temperature range Note: 1) above also applicable to ambient temperature 2) For main unit, -10°C to +60°C Turbidity 10000 mg/L or less...

  • Page 115: Iii-2-2 Main Unit Specification

    III-2-2. Main Unit [Main Unit] Analog St’d/option Standard output Output Instantaneous flow rate Number of outputs: 2 Output pattern: 1 system parallel output, 8 types 2 system output, 10 types Special output, 1 type Note: 1) Instantaneous flow rate will change to velocity value in case of velocity mode.
  • Page 116 Data bit length 8 bit/1 stop bit Parity check EVEN Format TOKYO KEIKI Original Format (ASCII) MODBUS (Selectable; only for Output1) Synchronization Asynchronous Cable length Up to 3m Note: To comply with EC directives, use less than 3m cable.
  • Page 117 Data setting Setting method PC connected to Digital Output port 2, setting through PC with configuration software (LCD 4-keys entry is available, but limited). Setting items Indication, Unit (Flow rate and Totalizing) Flow Range and various settings Display method LCD (16 character x 2 lines), with backlight Measurement Over 5 years life (by 25°C) display...
  • Page 118 Display content Measurement display Warnings Backup battery remaining life (cont.) - “B” displayed when battery voltage falls below prescribed value. Not detectable when battery would not be equipped itself. No Echo received warning - “R” displayed during processing when no wave received. Disturbance Detection - “D”...
  • Page 119 Function Low flow cut Cuts (zeros) flows when flow falls below prescribed instantaneous flow rate. Used in order to avoid output of flow values other than 0 when measurement value during still flow becomes disordered. No Echo If measurement cannot be made when no echo is received receiving continuously over the setting time , status is...
  • Page 120 Function Data retention Totalized flow values and all setting parameters are retained in (cont.) memory with lithium battery even if power failure. Note: 1) Setting Parameters are retained in nonvolatile memory. 2) Totalized flow value and ROFF/Disturbance detection history are retained in memory which hold by Back-up Battery.
  • Page 121 Power supply AC100 to 230V +/-10% (50/60 Hz±10%) Option : DC24V±20% (This option must be pre-selected) Momentary AC input: 20ms, DC input: 5ms outage Power AC100V: 20VA / AC200V: 27VA consumption DC24V: 10W (Option) Fuse IEC 60127-2 SS5 Cartridge fuse-links 5.2x20 mm Rating 2A/250V Time-lag...

  • Page 122: Iii-2-3 Transducer

    III-2-3 Transducers Transducers Large diameter SE044040NC (-25°C + 65°C) Large diameter narrow space SE042140NC (-25°C + 65°C) Large diameter high temperature SE044040N-HT (+60°C +115°C) Small diameter SE104720 (-25°C + 60°C) Small diameter high temperature SE104020N-HT (+60°C +115°C) Protection Degree IP67 (IEC 60529) Option(SE44040NC,SE104720)：IP68 This option must be pre-selected.

  • Page 123: Iii-2-5 Dimensions

    III-2-5 Dimensions Main Unit III-14...
  • Page 124 Std. Cable Length 5m Case Coaxial Cable Transducer Dimensions (Pipe Dia more than 300mm) Tightening Fixture Tightening Bolt & Nut Coaxcial Cable Mounting Base Wire Rope Transducer Wire Clamp Mounting Fixture for Transducers Q’ty Weight Components Material for 1path (appx.) 2.0kg 1.
  • Page 125 Std. Cable Length 5m Coaxcial Cable Transducer Dimensions (Pipe Dia less than 299mm) Transducer Transducer Clamp Clamp Clamp Coaxcial Cable Coaxcial Cable Mounting Bracket Mounting Fixture for Transducers Q’ty for Weight Components Material 1path (appx.) Transducer Mounting Fixture 1.4kg 1. Transducer 2pcs SCS13 per 2pcs...

  • Page 126: Iii-2-6 Analog Output Profile

    III-2-6 Analog output profiles Table1: Analog Output Profile Table (1) Single System Output 1/2 Profile Description CH1,CH2 Common Output 20mA One-Way Single Range ０ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ Forward 正流 20mA Two-Way Single Range ０ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ Backward Forward 逆流 正流...
  • Page 127 Table 1 (continued) (3) Dual System Output 1/2 Profile Description CH1 Output CH2 Output 20mA 20mA Two-Way Single Range ０ ０ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 低ﾚﾝｼﾞ 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ 高ﾚﾝｼﾞ Backward Forward Backward Forward 逆流 正流 逆流 正流 20mA 20mA One-Way Double Range Automatic Internal...
  • Page 128 (blank) III-19...
  • Page 129 (blank) III-20...

  • Page 130: Iii-2-7 Digital Output Profiles (Origianl Protocol)

    III-2-7 Digital output profiles (Original Protocol) (1) Overview Flowmeter can provide digital data output of flowrate, velocity data, totalizing value as well as measurement status. This digital data is output from DIGITAL port1 in CSV format (text data separated by commas) via EIA-232 (RS-232C) connection by Original protocol.
  • Page 131 (3) Data receiving with Hyper-Terminal of Windows Standard windows bundled software Hyper-Terminal handles digital data from main unit. Please refer to the following procedures. (Note: The following instruction example is based on a Windows XP version display.) 3.1. Activate Hyper-terminal 3.2.
  • Page 132 3.3 Confirm receiving data Instruction Display of receiving data is shown at left. Instructions for detail data format are provided in Chap. 4. III-23...
  • Page 133 (4) Data Format Detail format output from DIGITAL port 1 is as follows, [Sample Data] $,F,0.000,0.000,,,,E+3:m3/h,0.000,m/s,0000000,x1m3,,,,,,ROFF,R1,,,,,OVER,,,,,ITG,*06[CR][LF] Data output from UFL-20A are referred to as a line of data interchange. Data items in each line are contained in data FIELDs which are numbered, for example "field 0", "field 1" and so on until it ends at "field 28".
  • Page 134 Unit of velocity （ft/s） Forward totalizing value 0000000 9999999 7 digits If totalizing operation is not set, field will be blank. " " (blank) Unit of Forward totalizing x10m3 x5m3 x1m3 This unit is set by main unit parameters. If it is not set, field will x100L be blank.
  • Page 135 Error Status ERR01 ERR63 If an error occurs, an error number-code will be indicated. No error is indicated by a blank field. " " (blank) Refer to II-2-7 table 4-1; Error Code List for each error code. Status of Low-Battery "...
  • Page 136 (5) Specification for serial communication 5-1. Hardware settings DIGITAL port1 of main unit communication specifications are provided in Table 5.1. Table 5.1 Communication Parameters Value Standard EIA-232（RS-232C） note1 Baud rate 4800bps, 9600bps, 19200bps ( Default; 9600bps ) Data bit Parity Even Stop bit Flow control...
  • Page 137 5-2. Connector Assignment Table 5-2 shows pin assignment for DIGITAL port 1(RJ-45). Table 5-2. DIGITAL port 1 Pin Assignment （EIA-561Standard） Pin No. Signal Assignment RI(DSR) 3(DTR) Not Connected 1(RI DSR) Receiving Transmitting 8(RTS) 7(CTS) III-28...
  • Page 138 (6) Appendix 6-1. ASCII code list High order digit order digit ｐ " & → ｌ < ¥ ← ↑ ￣ > ↓ ｏ List 6-1 Hexadecimal description 6-2. Check-sum example An "*" asterisk mark and double word check sum is added to the last character of the line. Check-sum will be calculated as EXOR converted to a Hexadecimal number in accordance with the character string which begins after the $ mark and ending with the * mark (i.e.

  • Page 139: Iii-2-8 Digital Output Profiles (Modbus Protocol)

    (2) Wiring Connection Physical wiring between Main unit and digital output is as follows, Main unit setting is done through Digital Port 2 by intercommunication mode under TOKYO KEIKI original protocol. MODBUS communication is output from Digital Port 1 in accordance with main unit setting.
  • Page 140 (3) MODBUS Specification Detail specification of MODBUS is per table 1. Transmit mode is supported RTU mode only. TXT mode is not supported. Table 1; MODBUS Specification Parameters Specification Default Operation Transmit mode RTU Only Not selectable Baud Rate 4800 / 9600 / 19200 9600 Set by commissioning software Parity...
  • Page 141 Table 2; Selectable value and default of each parameters Parameters Value Range Default Description MODE 0: D-OUT 0: D-OUT Protocol Selection 1: MODBUS BAUD RATE 0: 4800bps 1: 9600bps Baud Rate of DIGITAL Port1 1: 9600bps 2: 19200bps PARITY 0: EVEN 0: EVEN Parity of DIGITAL Port1 1: ODD...
  • Page 142 5-2. [Function 01] Read Coil Status Table 4; COIL ADDRESS ADDRESS MEANING COMMENTS BREAKDOWN Read Only Roff Read Only No Echo receiving warning Roff Path1 Read Only R-OFF warning on 1 Path Roff Path2 Read Only R-OFF warning on 2 Path Roff Path3 Read Only...
  • Page 143 5-4 [Function 04] Read Input Register Table 6; INPUT REGISTER ADDRESS ADDRESS VARIABLE TYPE COMMENTS Average Flow rate of all Paths Flowrate Mean 30001 32-bit float Read Only (Velocity Mean) (Average Velocity of all Paths) Flowrate Path1 Flowrate of 1 Path only 30003 32-bit float...
  • Page 144 Description for Device Status Table 7; Read Exception Bit Status Description Transmitter Circuit Breakdown Receiving Circuit Break down Time measuring Circuit Breakdown RTC RAM Breakdown EEPROM Break down Inputted Data Error Above status is the same as “Function 08 Diagnostic Resister” of code 02. 5-5 [Function 08] Diagnostic Table 8;...
  • Page 145 III-36 (blank)

  • Page 146: Iii-3. Principle Of The Ultrasonic Flowmeter

    III-3. Principles of the Ultrasonic Flowmeter III-3-1 Measurement principles Sensor Wedge Transducer φ1 φ2 φ3 φ Flow direction θ Velocity V Lining Pipe wall Fig. 3-1; Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Route A sensor (called "Transducer") consists of an transducer for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves and a plastic wedge.
  • Page 147           Conversely, the following formula can be written when the propagation time of an ultrasonic pulse from P2 to P1 (in other words the reverse direction of the fluid) is defined as tu. ...
  • Page 148   Flow volume correction coefficien   Average flow velocity obtained ultrasonic flowmeter    　　　 Actual average flow velocity Next, flow volume q can be expressed as shown in formula (9) when the cross sectional area of the pipe is defined as A. ...

  • Page 149: Iii-3-2 Transmission And Reflection Methods

    III-3-2 Transmission and reflection methods With ultrasonic flowmeters, depending on the propagation route of the ultrasonic waves, the measurement methods can be divided into the transmission method (Z method) and the reflection method (V method) as shown in Fig. 3-2. Since the above explanation of measurement principles used the transmission method, the reflection method will be explained here.

  • Page 150: Iii-4-1 Flow Volume And Average Flow Velocity

    III-4 Appendix III-4-1 Flow volume and average flow velocity III- 41...

  • Page 151: Iii-4-2 Pipe Conditions And Required Straight Length

    III-4-2 Pipe conditions and required straight pipe length [Refer to JEMIS 032-1987.] Section Upstream straight pipe length Downstream straight pipe length L≧5D L≧10D more 90゜bend Transducer L≧10D L≧50D or more or more L≧30D L≧5D 0.5D Expanding pipe more 1.5D or more L≧10D L≧5D Contracting...
  • Page 152 III-4-3. Sound Velocity & Kinematic Viscosity reference list Main unit uses follwing value for internal setting parameter, but those values are considered as nomial. a. Pipe material reference Velocity Velocity Material type Material Name Longitudinal Shear wave (m/s) wave (m/s) Metal Copper 4660...
  • Page 153 c. Fluid material reference Velocity Material Composition Density Viscosity Material Name Longitudinal type Formula (g/cm (×10 wave (m/s) Alcohol Butyl 0.71 1270 3.695（25゜C） Butanol 0.81 1268（20゜C） 3.239（25゜C） Ethanol 0.79 1127（30゜C） 1.39（25゜C） Ethylene Glycol >99.5% 1.11 1689（20゜C） 17.208（25゜C） Methanol 1090（30゜C） 0.695（25゜C） Diesel Oil 1250 Gasoline...

  • Page 154: Iii-5. Faq

    III-5. FAQ III-5-1. Measurement method 1.1 What is ultrasound? Ultrasound refers to acoustic waves or vibrations of a frequency beyond the range of human hearing (generally above 20,000 Hz). 1.2 At what frequencies do ultrasonic flowmeters operate? The frequency generally utilized is 0.4 MHz (400kHz). For small diameter (D <...
  • Page 155 time difference is proportional to the magnitude of the velocity of the flow and this principle is utilized to measure flow velocities. This can be expressed by the formula: tB - tA = where t is the time difference. This time difference can be calculated precisely with a clock pulse generated by a microcomputer to accurately measure flow.

  • Page 156: Iii-5-2. Measured Fluids

    Regarding (2), although related to attenuation of acoustic signals by solid particles in the liquid, exceedingly high levels of turbidity does cause reduction in signal. Tokyo Keiki specifies turbidity levels up to 10,000 in the case of a pipe diameter of 1m. (Note: turbidity of 1g of refined Kaolin clay in 1 litter of water is 1,000.)

  • Page 157: Iii-5-3. Pipes

    2.5 Can waste water be measured? From the standpoint of turbidity, there are no problems with measuring waste water inflows or discharges. However pipe conditions in selecting measurement location should be carefully considered as air bubbles are apt to be generated when there are drops or when measuring locations are directly aft of pump discharge outlets.

  • Page 158: Iii-5-4. Installation Location

    3.4 Are there problems with lining detachment from the pipe interior? Centrifugal force is generally used to bond linings to the interior of pipes and during operation and the pressure of the water also acts on the lining, so problems with lining detachments are few. Should such problem occur however, as long as the sensors are not positioned directly at that point, there should be no adverse affect on measurements.
  • Page 159 However there are optional sensors which employ special specification fixtures which allow use in buried applications. There are restrictions to their use however, so please consult Tokyo Keiki. 4.5 How far apart can the flowmeter unit and transducers be placed? Coaxial cable is used to connect the main flowmeter electronic unit to the transducers.
  • Page 160 4.9 What are ‘Z’ and ‘V’ methods of measurement? These refer to transducer placements. The Z (through-transmission or single-traverse) method is where the transducers are mounted diametrically opposite each other and the ultrasonic signal is transmitted directly from one transducer to the other across the pipe. This method is used when the pipe is of adequate diameter or for pipes where acoustic signals are greatly reduced.

  • Page 161: Iii-5-5. Other

    III-5-5. Other 5.1 What is the foremost advantage of ultrasonic flow measurement over other types of flow measurement? (1) The equipment can be installed on existing pipes without interrupting flow and as such is ideal in applications involving facilities management. (2) Transducers are non-intrusive and do not obstruct flow or cause head losses.

  • Page 162: Iii-6. Troubleshooting

    In the event of problems, please review this section to identity causes and suggested remedies. If the steps shown in this section cannot solve a problem, contact Tokyo Keiki. • Unit does not startup when the system is powered up.

  • Page 163: Iii-6-2. Measurement

    III-6-2. Measurement The following is a description of some general problems and remedies relating to measurement. If the steps shown in this section cannot solve a problem, contact Tokyo Keiki. (1) Pipes which cannot be measured • Asbestos If the pipe surface is sufficiently wet, measurements can be made in some cases but generally is difficult with this pipe material.
  • Page 164 (3) Given measurement accuracy cannot be obtained - Check pipe specification. • Insufficient straight pipe length - Required straight pipe length may vary according to changes in pipe conditions forward and aft of the measurement position (merged or separating flows, presence of valve, etc.) - Distortions in fluid velocity distribution may be exacerbated by insufficient straight pipe lengths which adversely influence measurement resulting in poor accuracy.
  • Page 165 III- 56 (blank)
  • Page 166 February 2009 Edition January 2019 10 Edition TOKYO KEIKI INC. Measurement Systems Company 2-16-46, Minami-Kamata, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 144-8551, Japan TEL: +81-3-3737-8621 FAX: +81-3-3737-8665 Web: https://www.tokyokeiki.jp/ Copyright 2008 by TOKYO KEIKI INC. All rights reserved. (Specifications are subject to change without notice.)

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