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Summary of Contents for Texas Instruments TRF1500
- Page 1 Evaluation Board Documentation TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide APPLICATION BRIEF: SWRA004A Wireless Communications Business Unit Digital Signal Processing Solutions July 98...
- Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current.
- Page 3 TRADEMARKS TI is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
- Page 4 CONTACT INFORMATION PIC TELEPHONE PIC FAX HP SUPPORT LINE PIC email (972) 644-5580 (972) 480-7800 (972) 480-7872 sc-infomaster@ti.com...
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
Design Considerations ... 13 External Components... 13 Board Design and Impedance Matching... 13 TRF 1500 Dual-Band Receiver ... 14 TRF1500 Control State ... 17 Low Band Cascaded Receiver Section: LNA, External SAW Filter, Mixer, and LO Buffer Amplifier... 18 Low-Band LNA... 19 Low-Band LNA Turn on Time... - Page 6 High-Band Cascaded: Power Conversion Gain Reduction ... 41 High-Band Cascaded: Image Rejection... 42 High-Band Cascaded: Noise Figure ... 43 High-Band Cascaded: RF Input Return Loss ... 44 High-Band: LO Buffer Output Power ... 45 High-Band Cascaded: Power Leakage LO In to RF In ... 46 High-Band Cascaded: Third Order Input Intercept Point (IIP3) ...
- Page 7 Figure 1. TRF1500 Dual-Band Receiver Block Diagram ... 14 Figure 2. Cascaded Block Diagram of the Low-Band Receiver Section ... 18 Figure 3. Voltage Divider at Low-Band LNA Input ... 19 Figure 4. Low-Band LNA Input Configuration ... 20 Figure 5. Low-Band LNA Output Configuration... 21 Figure 6.
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Page 8: Abstract
This application report discusses the implementation and impedance matching of each section of the TRF1500 to keep the required board area to a minimum and minimizing external components while maximizing performance. It also discusses parameter measurement techniques. -
Page 9: Product Support
DSP Core User Display User Display ARM7TDMIE ARM7TDMIE Keyboard (C470) Keyboard (C470) Microcontroller Microcontroller SIM Card SIM Card TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A Receiver Receiver TRF1xxx TRF1xxx Power Amp Power Amp Synthesizer Synthesizer TRF7xxx, TRF7xxx, TRF2xxx TRF2xxx... -
Page 10: Related Documentation
Email For technical issues or clarification on switching products, please send a detailed email to sc-infomaster@ti.com. Questions receive prompt attention and are usually answered within one business day. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... -
Page 11: Introduction
The TRF1500 is available in a 48-pin plastic thin quad flatpack package and is characterized for operation from -40C to 85C operating free-air temperature. -
Page 12: Design Considerations
TRF1500 performance, while maintaining minimum size and cost. Board Design and Impedance Matching The quality of the board layout is also critical to the TRF1500 performance. Correct transmission line impedances must be maintained throughout the design to insure maximum performance. -
Page 13: Trf 1500 Dual-Band Receiver
TRF 1500 Dual-Band Receiver A block diagram of the TRF1500 dual-band receiver front end down converter is shown in Figure 1. Pin names and descriptions are provided in Table 1. The device operates from a single 3.75 volt supply and its operation is controlled by 6 digital CMOS control lines the TRF1500 operates in 18 different states. -
Page 14: Table 1. Pin Descriptions
HIGH BAND LO IN + DOUDLER TANK LOW BAND LO IN X2 ON IR ADJUST A IR ADJUST B TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide Name Bias adjust Transmit IF, noninverting output Transmit IF, inverting output ground Low band mixer input... - Page 15 LNA IN LOW BAND LNA OUT LOW BAND IR ADJUST C Strong signal indication ground ground High band LNA input Low band LNA input ground Low band LNA output ground ground Image rejection adjustment TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A...
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Page 16: Trf1500 Control State
SWRA004A TRF1500 Control State The TRF1500 operates in 18 different states: The control code and active circuits are given in Table 2. Table 2. Control State and the Corresponding Active Circuits Control Code (HI/LO, SYN ON, RX ON, TX ON, STRONG SIGNAL, X2) -
Page 17: Low Band Cascaded Receiver Section: Lna, External Saw Filter, Mixer, And Lo Buffer Amplifier
Low Band Cascaded Receiver Section: LNA, External SAW Filter, Mixer, and LO Buffer Amplifier The TRF1500 low-band receiver section, shown in Figure 2, is an integrated front-end down converter designed to operate in the 800 MHz frequency range. The low-band down converter consists of an LNA, mixer, LO buffer amplifier and an off-chip image reject filter. -
Page 18: Low-Band Lna
LNA is to amplify the desired signal being received while adding as little undesired noise and distortion as possible. The TRF1500 LNA is a common emitter amplifier, designed to operate on a single 3.75 volt supply. The LNA has two selectable gain states, normal state or strong signal state, which are controlled with the digital CMOS control lines. -
Page 19: Low-Band Lna Input
The end user can adjust the LNA input and output matching network to optimize a particular parameter of interest. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 20: Surface Acoustic Wave (Saw) Filter
In many TDMA systems, the duplexor acts as the band-select filter. The off-chip SAW image-reject filter used on the TRF1500 applications board has a 3dB nominal insertion loss and a 25 MHz bandwidth at a center frequency of 880 MHz as shown in Figure 6. -
Page 21: Low-Band Mixer
The purpose of the mixer in a down-conversion receiver is to translate incoming signals from one frequency to another. The low-band mixer in the TRF1500 is a three port high-side injected circuit. The mixer takes two known input signals, a radio frequency... -
Page 22: Low-Band Mixer Lo Input
The series capacitor (C51) near the LB_IF_OUT port is used as a dc block for evaluation purposes and does not have to be implemented in the end-users system. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide differential... -
Page 23: Low-Band Lo Buffer Amplifier Output
ER = 4.400 (FR4), Height = 12.0000 mils , Thickness = 1.5000 mils (Copper) Electrical Parameters: ZO = 35.350 Ohms, E_EFF = 90.000 Physical Parameters: Width = 37.777 mils , Length = 1613.305 mils TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 24: Figure 10. Low-Band Buffer Amplifier Output Configuration
SWRA004A Figure 10. Low-Band Buffer Amplifier Output Configuration TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... -
Page 25: Low-Band Cascaded Test Guide
(see Table 3). Connect the RF source to the EVM RF port, J10. 881.5 979.52 992.02 110.52 26.0 19.0 16.5 -10.3 -53.0 -9.7 -21.0 -18.0 ) and the desired frequency TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A test UNIT 1004.52... -
Page 26: Low-Band Cascaded: Power Conversion Gain Reduction
(see Table 3). Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port, J12. 3) Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency (see Table 3). TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide ) and the desired frequency ) at the IF frequency with t - RF P ) + Transformer Loss. -
Page 27: Low-Band Cascaded: Noise Figure
5) To calibrate the NF Meter: a) Connect the Noise Source directly to the NF meter; press the calibration twice ) with the spectrum analyzer. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) with the - SS IF P... - Page 28 A bandpass or low pass filter may be necessary on the IF port to eliminate the LO signal interference and get an accurate noise measurement. 10) Measure the Noise Figure. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide...
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Page 29: Low-Band Cascaded: Rf Input Return Loss
3) Perform a full one-port calibration on port 1 of the network analyzer. 4) Set the network analyzer to measure S11. 5) Connect the EVM LO input port, J12, to port 1 of the network analyzer. 6) Measure the LO input return loss. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 30: Low Band: Lo Buffer Output Power
2) Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency (see Table 3). 3) Connect the RF Port, J10, to the spectrum analyzer. 4) Measure the LO leakage power. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide . The LO buffer output... -
Page 31: Low-Band Cascaded: Third Order Input Intercept Point (Iip3)
Intermodulation Suppression = F product 10) Calculate the Input Third -Order Intercept Point as: Input Third-Order Intercept = ((Intermodulation Suppression/2) + (RF P 60 kHz TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) and frequency (F or 2F ) at - Intermodulation... -
Page 32: Low-Band Cascaded: 1Db Rf Input Compression Point
1 dBm until the gain compresses by 1 dB. Repeat step 4 and 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB. RF P TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide ) to -35 dBm. Connect the RF source to the EVM RF ) at the IF frequency Gain -1.2... -
Page 33: Low-Band Cascaded: 1Db Blocking Point
9) Connect the Blocking source directly to the spectrum analyzer, and change the spectrum analyzer’s frequency to the frequency of the Blocking source. 10) Measure the power of the Blocking source. 24.4 24.2 24.2 24.0 1dB Compression Point 23.0 TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 34: High-Band Cascaded Receiver Section: Lna, Mixer, Lo Buffer Amplifier
High-Band Cascaded Receiver Section: LNA, Mixer, LO Buffer Amplifier Cascaded High-Band Receiver Section: The TRF1500 high-band receiver section, shown in Figure 11, is an integrated front-end down converter designed to operate in the 1900 MHz frequency range. The high-band down converter consists of an LNA, an image-reject mixer, and LO buffer amplifier circuitry. -
Page 35: High-Band Rf Input
The IF signal at the desired frequency will add in the quadrature combiner. The TRF1500 offers several methods for providing high-band LO drive. The high-band LO terminal may be directly driven either single-ended or differentially. Alternately, the high-band LO terminal may be driven by using the low-band LO output and the integrated frequency doubler. -
Page 36: Figure 13. High-Band Lo Frequency Doubler Driven Configuration
SWRA004A Figure 13 details the TRF1500 configured to utilize the low-band LO input and doubler as the high-band LO. The high-band LO signal is injected into the low-band LO input. The buffered signal is then routed through the doubler. The output of the doubler is routed through an external capacitor (C40) and into the single- ended high-band LO input. -
Page 37: High-Band If Output
(C51) near the HB_IF_OUT port is used as a dc block for evaluation purposes and does not have to be implemented in the end-users system. Figure 15. High-Band IF Output Configuration TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 38: High-Band Lo Buffer Amplifier Output
ER = 4.400 (FR4), Height = 12.0000 mils, Thickness = 1.5000 mils (Copper) Electrical Parameters: ZO = 35.350, E_EFF = 90.000 Results: Physical Parameters: Width = 37.777, Length = 771.149 Figure 16. High-Band LO Buffer Amplifier Output Configuration TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... -
Page 39: High-Band Cascaded Test Guide
(see Table 4). Connect the RF source to the EVM RF port, J20. test equipment. All unused ports are 1930 1960 2040.52 2070.52 1020.26 1035.26 110.52 26.3 43.5 22.5 4.66 14.2 -17.7 -23.7 ) and the desired frequency TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A UNIT 1990 2100.52 1050.26... -
Page 40: High-Band Cascaded: Power Conversion Gain Reduction
6) Enable the strong signal. Measure the output power at the IF frequency (SS IF P 7) Calculate Power conversion gain reduction as: Power Conversion Gain Reduction = (IF P TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide ) and the desired frequency ) at the IF frequency with - RF P ) + Transformer Loss. -
Page 41: High-Band Cascaded: Image Rejection
) and the desired LO )(see Table 4). Connect the LO source to the + 2 F between the IF output power at (F + 2 F TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) with the ) with the... -
Page 42: High-Band Cascaded: Noise Figure
Calibration is complete. Enter the desired IF frequency to measure. Next, the external equipment Loss is considered (RF cable, Transmission line, filter and circulator). 6) The losses are entered in the Noise Figure Meter by using special function 34.x. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... -
Page 43: High-Band Cascaded: Rf Input Return Loss
The cascaded input return loss of the high band is measured at the high band RF input port, J20. The measurement is performed using a network analyzer. Set up the network analyzer as follows to measure the RF input return loss: TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 44: High-Band: Lo Buffer Output Power
2) Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the LO frequency (see Table 4). 3) Connect the EVM LO buffer port, J23, to the spectrum analyzer. 4) Measure the LO buffer output power. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide . The LO buffer output... -
Page 45: High-Band Cascaded: Power Leakage Lo In To Rf In
4) Set the LO source frequency and input power (see Table 4). Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port, J12. 5) Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency (F (see Table 4). TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) and frequency (F... -
Page 46: High-Band Cascaded: 1Db Input Compression Point
1 dBm until the gain compresses by 1 dB. Repeat step 4 and 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide 120 kHz ) to -35 dBm. Connect the RF source to the EVM RF... -
Page 47: High-Band Cascaded: 2X2 Spur Performance
24.4 24.2 24.2 24.0 1dB Compression Point 23.0 ) and input power (see Table ) at the IF frequency. + ½ F ) at the IF frequency. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) and P to -... -
Page 48: High Band: 3X3 Spur Performance
7) Measure the output power (2 P 8) Calculate 3 x 3 spur performance as: 3 x 3 spur performance = 1 P TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide - 2 P out. ) and input power (see Table ) at the IF frequency. -
Page 49: Low-Band And High-Band Transmit
Low- and High-Band Transmit Mixer Figure 17 details the block diagram of the transmit mixer. The TRF1500 provides a transmit mixer for down converting the system transmit signal (low-band or high-band) to a common IF for loop-back testing. The LO input for this mixer can be selected from either the low-band LO input or the high-band LO input by means of the digital control. -
Page 50: Low- And High-Band Transmit Mixer If Output
(C50), near the TX_IF_OUT port, is used as a dc block for evaluation purposes and does not have to be implemented in the end-users system. Figure 19. Low- and High-Band Transmit Mixer IF Output Configuration TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... -
Page 51: Low-Band Transmit Mixer Test Guide
(see Table 5). Connect the LO source to the EVM LO input port, J12. test equipment a 836.5 953.5 -70.6 29.5 -11.5 ) and the desired frequency ) and the desired frequency TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A UNIT... -
Page 52: Low-Band Transmit Mixer: Noise Figure
5) To calibrate the NF Meter: a) Connect the Noise Source directly to the NF meter; press the calibration button twice. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide ) at the IF frequency with - RF P ) + Transformer Loss. The... -
Page 53: Low-Band Transmit Mixer: Input Return Loss
EVM low band RF input port, J30. The measurement is performed using a network analyzer. Set up the network analyzer as follows to measure the RF input return loss: TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 54: Low-Band Transmit Mixer: Power Leakage Lo In To Tx In
The Power leakage from TX IN to LO IN is measured at the LO in port, J12. A leakage is a measure of power (in dBm) that couples to the LO IN port. The measurement is performed using a RF source and a spectrum analyzer. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... -
Page 55: Low-Band Transmit Mixer: 1Db Input Compression Point
7) Calculate Gain as: Gain = P RF P causes no further increase in the output power ) to -35 dBm. Connect the RF source to the EVM RF ) at the IF frequency Gain TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 56: Low-Band Transmit Mixer: Second Order Input Intercept Point (Iip2)
5) Measure the IF output power (IF 1P 6) Increase the RF frequency by half the IF frequency. 7) Measure the IF output power (IF 2P 8) Calculate IIP2 as: IIP2 = RF P TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.6... -
Page 57: Low-Band Transmit Mixer: Third Order Input Intercept Point (Iip3)
Intermodulation Suppression = F product 10) Calculate the Input Third -Order Intercept Point as: Input Third-Order Intercept = ((Intermodulation Suppression/2) + (RF P 60 kHz TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) and frequency or 2F ) at - Intermodulation... -
Page 58: High-Band Transmit Mixer Test Guide
To test the High Band Transmit Mixer parameters use the procedure for the Low Band Transmit Mixer, with the following exception: Control state mode 110100 and when testing the Third order intercept point the RF signal separation is 120kHz. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide test 1850 1880... -
Page 59: Low-Band Lna Stand-Alone Test Guide
S11 and S22 port of the network analyzer respectively. 5) Set the network analyzer to measure S21. 6) Measure the gain Low-Band LNA: Input Return Loss Control state: 011000 881.5 15.5 -6.5 -17.2 -13.5 TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A Units... -
Page 60: Low-Band Lna: Output Return Loss
4) Measure the output power (P 5) Calculate Gain as: Gain = P TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide ). The measurement is ) to -35 dBm. Connect the RF source to the EVM RF ) at the LNA frequency... -
Page 61: Low-Band Lna: Noise Figure
Check the ENR value by pressing the Enter button or enter the ENR value for each frequency. Gain 14.8 -10.4 14.6 -9.4 14.6 -8.8 14.2 -7.8 14.2 -7.0 14.0 1dB Compression Point -7.0 13.0 TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 62: Low-Band Lna: Third Order Input Intercept Point (Iip3)
8) Connect the EVM LNA output port, J15, to the noise figure meter input port. 9) Measure the noise figure for each frequency. Low-Band LNA: Third Order Input Intercept Point (IIP3) Control state: 011000 SEE APPENDIX A: TEST BENCH SETUPS Test setup Figure 26 TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... - Page 63 9) Calculate the Input Third -Order Intercept Point as: Input Third-Order Intercept = ((Intermodulation Suppression/2) + (RF P (see Table 7). 60 kHz TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) and frequency or 2F ) at - Intermodulation...
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Page 64: Low-Band Receiver Mixer Stand-Alone Test Guide
J12. 3) Set the spectrum analyzer to measure at the IF frequency (see Table 8). 4) Connect the EVM IF output port, J11, to the spectrum analyzer. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide UNIT 881.5 979.52 992.02 1004.52 110.52... -
Page 65: Low-Band Receiver Mixer: Input Return Loss
5) Connect the EVM RF input, J15, to port 1 of the network analyzer. 6) Measure the RF input return loss. ) at the IF frequency with - RF P ) + Transformer Loss. The TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A... -
Page 66: Low-Band Receiver Mixer: Power Leakage Lo In To Rf In
100MHz, 120MHz, and 5MHz respectively. 3) Set the smoothing to 16 or above. 4) Ensure that the Excess Noise Ratio (ENR) Table on the Noise Source head in use is entered on the NF meter. TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide... - Page 67 Each LO frequency being tested is entered in the Noise figure meter by using Special function 3.1. If the source has excessive broad band noise, a filter at the LO port, TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A...
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Page 68: Low-Band Receiver Mixer: 1Db Rf Input Compression Point
Repeat step 4 and 5 until the gain compresses by 1dB. RF P TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide causes no further increase in the output power ) to -35 dBm. Connect the RF source to the EVM RF... -
Page 69: Low-Band Receiver Mixer: Third Order Input Intercept Point (Iip3)
7) Measure the Fundamental output power at the IF frequency Fund 8) Measure the Intermodulation products (2F 9) Calculate the Intermodulation Suppression as: 1dB Compression Point 60 kHz TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A ) and frequency or 2F ) at... - Page 70 SWRA004A Intermodulation Suppression = F product 10) Calculate the Input Third -Order Intercept Point as: Input Third-Order Intercept = ((Intermodulation Suppression/2) + (RF P TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide - Intermodulation Fund...
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Page 71: Appendix A: Test Bench Configuration
DC POWER SUPPLY METER IF OUT LO IN Blocking Point Measurements DC POWER DC POWER SUPPLY METER RF IN TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A SPECTRUM ANALYZER LO SIGNAL SOURCE SPECTRUM IF OUT ANALYZER LO IN LO SIGNAL... -
Page 72: Figure 22. Test Bench Setup: Noise Figure
NOISE FIGURE NOISE METER SOURCE Figure 23. Test Bench Setup: Power Leakage LO In to RF In SPECTRUM RF IN ANALYZER TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide DC POWER DC POWER SUPPLY METER IF OUT RF IN LO IN... -
Page 73: Figure 24. Test Bench Setup: Power Leakage Rf In To Lo In Measurements
Figure 25. Test Bench Setup: LNA Noise Figure Measurements NOISE FIGURE METER DC POWER METER IF OUT LO IN DC POWER DC POWER SUPPLY METER RF IN NOISE SOURCE TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide SWRA004A SPECTRUM ANALYZER RF OUT... -
Page 74: Figure 27. Test Bench Setup: Lna 1Db Input Compression Point
SOURCE RF SIGNAL SOURCE Figure 27. Test Bench Setup: LNA 1dB Input Compression Point DC POWER RF SIGNAL RF IN SOURCE TRF1500 Integrated Dual-Band RF Receiver User’s Guide DC POWER DC POWER SUPPLY METER RF IN DC POWER SUPLLY METER...
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