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6712SR Refrigerated Sampler
Appendix C General Safety Procedures
Gas
Chemical
Common
Formula
Properties
Ammonia
NH
Irritant and poison-
3
ous. Colorless with
characteristic odor.
Benzene
C
H
Irritant, colorless
6
6
anesthetic
Carbon
CS
Nearly odorless
2
Bisulfide
when pure, color-
less, anesthetic.
Poisonous.
Carbon
CO
Asphyxiant, Colorless,
2
Dioxide
odorless. When
breathed in large
quantities, may cause
acid taste. Non-flam-
mable. Not generally
present in dangerous
amounts unless an
oxygen deficiency
exists.
Carbon
CO
Chemical asphyxiant.
Monoxide
Colorless, odorless,
tasteless.
Flammable.
Poisonous.
Carbon
CCl
Heavy, ethereal odor.
4
Tetra-Chl
oride
Chlorine
Cl
Irritant. Yellow-green
2
color. Choking odor
detectable in very low
concentrations.
Non-flammable.
C-6
"Be very careful to avoid high H2S concentrations, flammable
atmospheres, and hazards of physical injuries. Remember that
much H2S may be released by the stirring up of sludge in the
bottom of a structure. Obey your senses in respect to irritating
gases, such as chlorine (unconsciousness comes suddenly from
breathing too much). Be cautious about strange odors. Do not
determine percent oxygen in the air. There is a danger that the
result will influence a man's thinking about the seriousness of
the real hazards. Most important, use ample ventilation, and do
not enter a potentially hazardous structure except in a good
safety harness with two men at the top who can lift you out."
Table C-1 Hazardous Gases
Specific
Physiological
Max
Gravity or
Effect*
Safe
Vapor
60 Min.
Density
Exposure
Air = 1
ppm
0.60
Causes throat and
eye irritation at
0.05%, coughing
at 0.17%. Short
exposure at 0.5%
to 1% fatal.
2.77
Slight symptoms
after several hours
exposure at 0.16% to
0.32%. 2% rapidly fatal.
2.64
Very poisonous,
irritating, vomiting,
convulsions, psychic
disturbance.
1.53
Cannot be endured at
10% more than a few
minutes, even if sub-
ject is at rest and oxy-
gen content is normal.
Acts on respiratory
nerves.
0.97
Combines with hemo-
globin of blood.
Unconsciousness in 30
min. at 0.2% to 0.25%.
Fatal in 4 hours at
0.1%. Headache in few
hours at 0.02%.
5.3
Intestinal upset, loss of
consciousness, possi-
ble renal damage, res-
piratory failure.
2.49
Irritates respiratory
tract. Kills most ani-
mals in a very short
time at 0.1%.
Max.
Explosive
Likely
Safe
Range
Location
8 Hour
(% by vol.
of
Exposure
in air.)
Highest
ppm
Limits
Concentration
lower/upper
300
85
16
25
Near top.
to
Concentrates
500
in closed up-
per spaces
3,000
25
1.3
7.1
At bottom.
to
5,000
—
15
1.3 44.0
At bottom
40,000
5,000
—
—
At bottom;
to
when heated
60,000
may stratify
at points
above bottom.
400
50
12.5 74.0
Near top, espe-
cially if present
with illuminat-
ing gas.
1,000
100
—
—
At bottom.
to
1,500
4
1
—
—
At bottom.
Most
Simplest and
Common
Cheapest
Sources
Safe Method
of Testing
Sewers, chemi-
Detectable
cal
odor at low
feed rooms.
concentrations
Industrial
Combustible
wastes,
gas indicator
varnish, sol-
vents.
An insecticide
Combustible
gas indicator
Products of
Oxygen
combustion,
deficiency
sewer gas,
indicator
sludge. Also
issues from car-
bonaceous
strata.
Manufactured
CO ampoules.
gas, flue gas,
products of
combustion,
motor exhausts.
Fires of almost
any kind.
Industrial
Detectable odor
wastes,
at low concen-
solvent, cleaning
trations.
Chlorine cylin-
Detectable odor
der and feed line
at low concen-
leaks.
trations.
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