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Tektronix ST2400A User Manual

2.4 gb/s sdh test set
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This document supports firmware version 5.4 and above.

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  • Page 1 ® Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) U s e r M a n u a l S T 2 4 0 0 A 2 . 4 G b / s S D H T e s t S e t 071-0241-04 This document supports firmware version 5.4 and above.
  • Page 2 Copyright © 1999 Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013, or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software -...
  • Page 3 WARRANTY Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product.
  • Page 4 Tektronix equipment, contact your local sales and service office. For more information on Tektronix equipment and support services, refer to the Tektronix web-site at www.tektronix.com or call 1-800-Tek-Wide. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    2-12 Laser Lockout, Remote Interlock..................... 2-13 SYNC Output..........................2-13 BITS Ext Ref..........................2-13 Rear Panel Connectors......................2-14 Applications and Use........................2-15 Passive Monitoring........................2-15 Active Analysis ......................... 2-16 Active Through Mode Analysis ..................... 2-17 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 6 Receiver Tributary - RX Channel Selection (SDH)............... 3-46 Pointers Information from Receiver Tributary Key (SDH) ..........3-46 Receiver Drop Select......................... 3-47 Appendices Specifications, SDH........................Incoming Inspection Test......................Factory Defaults ..........................SONET for Reference........................SDH Glossary and ITU-T Standards ................... ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 7 Index..............................ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 8: General Safety Summary

    To avoid fire hazard, use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product. Do not operate in Wet/Damp Conditions To avoid electric shock, do not operate this product in wet or damp conditions. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual viii...
  • Page 9 Signal levels greater than –10dBm (negative 10dBm) may damage the Optical Input devices. Always pad the input level to less than –10dBm. Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its receiver input. Failure to do so will damage the optical detector.
  • Page 10 Certifications and Compliance CSA Certified Power Cords CSA Certification includes the products and power cords appropriate for use in the North American power network. All other power cords supplied are approved for the country of use. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 11: Preface

    The names of front-panel controls and menus appear in all upper case letter, for example, TRANSMIT and HELP. • Names appear in the same case in this manual as they appear on the display of the ST2400A, for example, Test Duration and USER DEFINED. •...
  • Page 12 General Safety Summary ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 13: Getting Started

    Getting Started...

  • Page 15: Product Description

    Transceiver, Transmitter, or Receiver. The front panel design (Figure 1–1) is the same for both the SDH and SONET functions. The lasers in the ST2400A are Class IIIA per IEC 825-1 for SDH and Class IIIB per 21 CFR 1040 for SONET.

  • Page 16: Ordering Information

    2.488 Gbit/s laser STM-16c/ OC-48c payloads Add B3 Path Analysis ST2400A, ST2400R, and ST2400T Common Options FC/PC optical connectors (Option 01, 02, or 03 must be chosen) SC/PC optical connectors (Option 01, 02, or 03 must be chosen) ST/PC optical connectors (Option 01, 02, or 03 must be chosen) Rack mount FC/PC 15 dB attenuator for 2.488 Gbit/s receiver...

  • Page 17: Overview, Sdh

    2.4 Gb/s signal or multiplex the higher-rate signal from STM-1 or STM-4 signal inputs. The ST2400A can also accept a STM-16 signal in through mode and regenerate it. The receiver section receives an STM-16 signal, demultiplexes it, and can drop out either the STM-1 or STM-4 signal as required.

  • Page 18: Features And Capabilities

    Getting Started ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set Features and Capabilities: • STM-16 SDH RS and MS Testing B1, B2, B3 Error Generation B1, B2, B3 Error Measurement Path REI, Path Alarms, Pattern Bit Error J0, J1 Capture; J0 Edit...
  • Page 19 Getting Started • CCITT/ITU G.708, G.709 and GR-253-CORE framing ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 20 "tx_brd_rev" must be greater than or equal to 35. To determine if an RX board is B3 capable, the return value from the remote command "rx_brd_rev" must be greater than or equal to 9). ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 21: Bellcore Clei And Cpr Product Codes

    Bellcore CLEI and CPR Product Codes Bellcore COMMON LANGUAGE Product Codes are available for the ST2400A upon request. Accessories Some accessories are included with the ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set. If you wish to purchase optional accessory contact your local Tektronix Representative. Standard User Manual;...
  • Page 22 AMP 06-0033 FC Style Build Out Attenuator 15 dB Fixed Value or equivalent. Option 1A provides an attenuator. International Power Plug Options Option # Description 220V, Euro Plug 240V, UK Plug 240V, Aust Plug 240V, North American Plug 220V, Swiss Plug ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 23: First-Time Operation

    Getting Started First Time Operation Unpacking Unpack the ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set and place the unit on a hard firm surface. ST2400A Installation Before using the ST2400A verify that it is properly set up and powered on, as follows: 1.
  • Page 24 Operating Basics...

  • Page 26: Functional Overview

    W A R N I N G ! Always avoid exposure to the laser beam. Before power is applied to the ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set, be sure that all laser outputs are either covered with the screw cap provided or connected to the appropriate circuit.

  • Page 27: Display, Display Controls And Indicators

    Functional Overview Display, Display Controls, and Indicators The figure below shows the ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set display and display controls. The display is a two-line by twenty-four character back-lit super twisted Nematic LCD (liquid crystal display) that provides a sharp image and increased viewing angle in all directions.

  • Page 28: Examples Of Sdh Setup Main Menus

    <ENTER> Figure 2-3. Examples of SDH Setup Main Menus Since the ST2400A can be configured as Transceiver, Transmitter or Receiver, many menus are available only with the appropriate configuration. For example, the Quick Setup menu displayed above is available with the Transceiver, but does not appear in the Transmitter or Receiver configurations.

  • Page 29: Transmitter Description

    This section describes the Transmitter inputs, outputs, controls and indicators. The figure below shows the ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set Transmitter front panel area, located on the left side of the front panel. The Transmitter button choices are not functional on the ST2400A configured as a Receiver.

  • Page 30: Transmitter Status Indicators

    Receiver section from an external source before modification. All three yellow status LEDs will be off when the ST2400A is in the THRU (Through) mode or INT mode. The Transceiver WAVELENGTH menu will only be present when the dual wavelength option is installed.

  • Page 31: Ovhd Key, Transmitter

    The Transmitter error key is used to generate specific error conditions that are detailed in Chapter 3 - Reference. The red LED indicator in the error key will be illuminated whenever an alarm is active. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 32: Receiver Description

    C A U T I O N ! C A U T I O N ! Always use 15 dB of attenuation when connecting the ST2400A Transmitter output to its Receiver input. Failure to do so will damage the optical detector.

  • Page 33: Receiver Status Indicators

    The 155 and 622 LEDs function in conjunction with the DROP SELECT key to indicate which optical drop rate has been selected. Both LEDs are off when the 155 Mb/s electrical drop is selected. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 34: View History Key

    Multiplex Section (MS) overhead bytes in the first column of the first STM-16 frame, including APS (Automatic Protection Switching). Some of these bytes may be used to perform testing—review the OVHD Key, Transmitter section previously presented in this chapter. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 35: Measurement Controls & Indicators

    The green LED indicator, inside the key, is on during the RUN cycle. A stopped test can be restarted using the pause-run-resume sequence, saving stored history data. The button choices are not functional on the ST2400A configured as a Transmitter.

  • Page 36: Front Panel Connections

    2.4 Gb/s Input of all configurations. No fiber is connected to this bulkhead in TX Only configurations. Optical connector is fiber-connected to APD RX only in TX/RX and RX Only configurations when optional APD RX is installed. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 2-11...

  • Page 37: Remote Indicators

    RS-232C connection. Front panel control is restored when the SETUP key is pressed. In the Local Lockout (LLO) mode, the ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set front panel is disabled by a remote controller that is using GPIB access commands. Front panel control can only be restored by the appropriate GPIB command or by a power initialization cycle.

  • Page 38: Laser Lockout, Remote Interlock

    In addition to the external 2.048 Mb/s or 2 MHz SETS timing input on the front panel, the ST2400A accepts 1.544 Mb/s ± 40 PPM BITS input for internal signal generation using external timing synchronization. BITS input accepts signals meeting the requirements of ANSI T1.101- 1994 with the exception of frequency tolerance of +/- 40 PPM.

  • Page 39: Rear Panel Connectors

    The two DB-9 receptacles are RS-232C 9-pin serial interface connectors. One is marked for use with the Tektronix ST112. The ST112 is only supported in the SONET configuration or mode. The other is marked RS232. It can be used for remote operations or with a serial printer.

  • Page 40: Applications And Use

    Measurements are made with the ST2400A, as required. The CTS850, ST112, or another SDH/SONET tributary test set can be used with the ST2400A to expand its test capabilities. The ST2400A Receive-Only model is particularly economical for passive monitoring applications.

  • Page 41: Active Analysis

    In this application, the CTS 850 or CTS 750 test set can provide the 155 Mb/s or 622 Mb/s framed signal input to the ST2400A, which is actively inserted into the signal path. The ST2400A provides a variety of signal and analysis options for complete testing of the 2.4 Gb/s. Payload level testing can be done by applying the 155 or 622 Mb/s signal to the auxiliary test set.

  • Page 42: Active Through Mode Analysis

    The STM-16 signal is looped through the ST2400A. The signal can be passed through and regenerated unchanged or alarms and errors can be added for conformance and stress testing. The ST2400A now has the capabilities to add B1, B2, and B3 errors as well as provide error analysis in active through mode.
  • Page 43 Older ST2400/ST2400A SDH versions and STM-16c Older ST2400/ST2400A instruments can be used to receive and monitor STM-16c SDH signals. An ST2400A with Option 41 can receive, generate and modify STM-16c signals. The Basic instrument provides capabilities for the following measurements:...

  • Page 44: Reference

    Reference...

  • Page 46: Setup Menus

    Reference This chapter describes the use of the ST2400A LCD menu structures and displays. In addition to general displays and menus, there are separate sections that detail Setup, Receiver, and Transmitter specifics. A functional verification procedure can be found in the Appendices.
  • Page 47 A menu with the "TX" label (such as TX EVENT TRIGGER OUTPUT or TX 2.488 Gb/s ELEC OUTPUT) is not available in an ST2400A configured as a Receiver. A menu with the "RX" label (such as RX THRESHOLD OFFSET or RX 2.488 Gb/s INPUT) is not available in an ST2400A configured as a Transmitter.
  • Page 48 CR-RF LF-CR ECHO XON/OFF Setup Key Setup Key RESUME OPER ON RESTART <OFF> ON Setup Key SYSTEM CONFIGURATION SONET * SDH * ST2400A VERSION X.XX RX: WIDE TX: 1310 Figure 3-2. Auxiliary Setup Menus ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 49: Laser Menus

    Receiver input. Failure to do so will damage the optical detector. Laser Menus Press the Setup key to access the LASER menus. The Laser is off when the ST2400A is first powered on and can only be activated when the rear panel laser lockout key-lock is in the on position.

  • Page 50: Laser Modules

    Reference Laser Modules One of the next two menus will appear if a newer ST2400A I/O board is installed. LASER 1 LR-2 (1550.12) <OFF*> SETUP LASER 2 L-16.2 (1555) <OFF*> SETUP The laser module number, type and wavelength are all dynamic, based on the module selected.

  • Page 51: Tx Event Trigger Output Menu

    In the next menu, RX Threshold Offset is only available when an APD module is installed in the ST2400A. RX Threshold Offset is adjustable from -50 to +49. At 0 offset, RX threshold is at optimal point as determined by the average input signal level.

  • Page 52: View Angle Menu

    The VIEW ANGLE can be set to one of eight integers (0 through 7). Zero should be the best view angle when the ST2400A is positioned below the operator and 7 is best when the operator is looking up at the ST2400A front panel. The change is interactive; it is executed whenever the increment or decrement key is pressed.
  • Page 53 Reference time set in the TEST TIME menu, then start the test again. The stop key can stop any test that is running. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 54: Auxiliary Setup Menu

    5. The PRINTER SELECTION menu offers either PARALLEL or RS232 (serial) printer selection. The printer should be connected to the appropriate port on the ST2400A rear panel. 6. In the REPORT SETUP menu CLEAR ERR (error) is used to clear the error log by moving the cursor to YES and pressing the Enter key.

  • Page 55: Power Fail Recovery

    The SYSTEM CONFIGURATION menu can be obtained by pressing the Setup key from the RS 232 SETUP menu. The ST2400A has both SDH and SONET modes. The active mode is set when the unit is powered on. It has an asterisk (*) on both sides. In the Auxiliary Setup Menu figure shown previously, the SDH mode is active.

  • Page 56: General Menus & Displays

    "rx_brd_rev" must be greater than or equal to 9. Menus for B3 Path Analysis will be hidden if the proper hardware is not present in the ST2400A test unit. In order to use the B3 Path Analysis functionality, it is also necessary to purchase Option 42.
  • Page 57 AC-coupled, 300 mV pk-pk. Terminate externally with 50 Ohms. • Pointers (Read-only menu under RX Trib button). Pointer Value displayed (0 to 782). Pointer Measurement Counts for Positive Pointer Justifications, Negative Pointer Justifications, New Data Flag (NDF) 3-12 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 58: Transmitter Or Receiver Configurations

    Reference Transmitter or Receiver Configurations The ST2400A 2.4 Gb/s SDH/SONET Test Set can be ordered in one of three configurations, which are: Transceiver, Transmitter, Or Receiver. This chapter details the menus available in the Transceiver configuration. Go to the appendix for a listing of Transmitter-only or Receiver-only or menus.

  • Page 59: Error Log Display

    Selecting YES will clear the error log. ERROR LOG XX% FULL CLEAR LOG? <NO> YES Figure 3-5. Error Log Display 3-14 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 60: Transmitter Menus & Displays

    2.4 Gb/s signal, or a through (THRU) mode from the Receiver's 2.4 Gb/s input connector. The EXT and INT modes function on both the ST2400A Transceiver and ST2400A Transmitter units. The THRU mode only functions on an ST2400A Transceiver unit.
  • Page 61 2.4 Gb/s SDH signal that entered the Receiver from an external source. All three yellow status LEDs will be off when the ST2400A is in the THRU mode. In older ST2400 test sets, pressing the MODE key a second time will access the TX WAVELENGTH menu, if the dual wavelength Transmitter option is installed.

  • Page 62: External Clock Synchronization

    If the 2.048 signal is lost from the front-panel , an error message will appear on the LCD screen - "TX: LOSS OF 2.048 CLK", which will flash on and off in 3-second intervals. EXTERNAL SYNC INPUT <OFF> 2.048 1.544 Figure 3-8.External Timing Synchronization (MODE button) (SDH) ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-17...

  • Page 63: Prbs Mapping

    INT TX MAPPING STRUCTURE VC4: <1> INT TX VC4 TEST PATT FIXED <00> *PRBS <23O181>* EXT TX VC4 TEST PATT FIXED <00> *PRBS <23O181>* Figure 3-9. PRBS Mappings (MODE button) (SDH) 3-18 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 64: Input Select, Transmitter

    The second menu is the 622 Mb/s tributary insert menu that is used to select between multiplexing the external source tributary into 1 of 16 channels or all 16 channels of the 2.4 Gb/s signal. It refers to the optical tributary source. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-19...

  • Page 65: Illegal Mode

    If the TRIB or INPUT SELECT keys are pressed when the Transmitter is in the INT (internal) or THRU (through) mode, the illegal mode display will be exhibited for three seconds and then switched to the TX MODE SELECTION menu. 3-20 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 66: Alarm Generation Menus-Sdh

    ACTIVE will be displayed in the upper right side of the display. Use the arrow keys to position the cursor, and the INC and DEC keys to change values. This field changes to CONT, when the value is incremented beyond 9.9 seconds. Or when the cursor positioned under the ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-21...
  • Page 67 Enabling the recurring alarm will disable any other active alarm. Moving the cursor to OFF and pressing the Enter key will stop the alarm cycle. When off, the letter s will appear at the end of both top and bottom LCD display lines. 3-22 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 68: Overhead Menus (Sdh), Transmitter

    For the path overhead, C2 byte is added at TX (Path Signal Label C2)) - Identifies High Order Path Label Unequipped and High Order Path Label Mismatch. C2 byte can be set to any value from 0x00 to 0xFF. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-23...

  • Page 69: Ability To Edit Multi-Byte J0 Trace

    J0 trace to confirm channel ID. ST2400A ability to generate unique J0 traces allows test signals to be easily identified, or allows test signals to simulate network-element generated traffic without Trace Identifier Mismatch (TIM) alarm being generated.
  • Page 70 Correct frame start marker is computed and displayed in hex in “nn” portion of CRC-nn. Factory default trace is “Tek ST2400A<4 NULLs>”. When CLR is selected, 15 editable bytes of 16-byte trace is cleared to null (hex 00), and correct frame start marker is computed and displayed in hex in “nn”...
  • Page 71 ß ß 64 BYTE <EDIT> HEX=54 à à ST2400A 3-26 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 72: J0, J1 Trace Capture & Display

    No Trace Identifier Mismatch (TIM) detection is provided in single-byte, 16-byte or 64-byte trace mode. J0, J1 Trace Capture and Display Front Panel Implementation (RX) ST2400A displays single byte J0 and J1, as shown below: RX TOH J0 J1 01 00 If multi-byte trace is received, J0 and J1 can be expected to change frequently, when single byte display is selected.
  • Page 73 User is able to use left and right arrow keys to scroll forward / backward through 64-byte trace. NOTE: At the end of a valid 64byte trace, in the 63 and 64 positions the <CR> and <LF> will be represented in the “HEX=” field as 0D and 0A respectively. 3-28 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 74: Ability To Edit M1 Byte

    STM-1. The Transmitter OVHD (overhead) button, on the lower left side of the ST2400A front panel, is used to scroll through the Regenerator Section (RS) and Multiplexer Section (MS) overhead bytes. The top line of each display identifies the designated SDH overhead byte.

  • Page 75: Error Generation Menus (Sdh)

    Error Injection is 1.0E-3. An error rate of 1.0E-6 would equate to the decimal number derived from sending one errored bit in a million bits. In other words, one divided by one million would equal 0.000001 or 1.0E-6 decimal. 3-30 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 76 NOTE: Bit Error Rates are inserted as a negative exponent. An error rate of 1.0E-6 would equate to the decimal number derived from sending one errored bit in a million bits. In other words, one divided by one million would equal 0.000001 or 1.0E-6 decimal. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-31...

  • Page 77: B2 Or B3 Error Inject

    2.5 s <OFF> ENABLE WAIT 1.0 s INJECT B3 ERRORS 2.5 s <OFF> ENABLE WAIT 1.0 s INJECT TSE 2.5 s <OFF> ENABLE WAIT 1.0 s Figure 3-17. Transmitter Error Generation (ERROR button) (SDH) 3-32 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 78: Inject Random Ber On One Selectable Channel

    Reference Pressing the Transmitter ERROR key on the lower left side of the ST2400A front panel will scroll through the available menus. The arrow keys are used to move the cursor when selecting menu items. The INC and DEC keys are used to change values. The ENTER key is used to execute the function.

  • Page 79: Receiver Menus & Displays

    The Enter key will flash while at the menu above. Pressing the Enter key permits access to the following sub-menus. EB = CSES BBE = BBER ESR = 0.0E-00 B1 0.00E-00 SESR = 0.0E-00 AEB = AES = B1 ABBE = ASES = UAS = UR = 0.0E-00 3-34 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 80 The Enter key will flash while at the menu above. Pressing the Enter key permits access to the following sub-menus. EB = CSES BBE = BBER ESR = 0.0E-00 B2 0.00E-00 SESR = 0.0E-00 AEB = AES = B2 ABBE = ASES = UAS = UR = 0.0E-00 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-35...
  • Page 81 The Enter key will flash while at the menu above. Pressing the Enter key permits access to the following sub-menus. EB = CSES BBE = BBER ESR = 0.0E-00 B3 0.00E-00 SESR = 0.0E-00 AEB = AES = B3 ABBE = ASES = UAS = UR = 0.0E-00 3-36 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 82 The Enter key will flash while at the menu above. Pressing the Enter key permits access to the following sub-menus. EB = CSES BBE = BBER ESR = 0.0E-00 REI 0.00E-00 SESR = 0.0E-00 AEB = AES = REI ABBE = ASES = UAS = UR = 0.0E-00 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-37...
  • Page 83 The Enter key will flash while at the menu above. Pressing the Enter key permits access to the following sub-menus. 0 CSES= REI BBE BBER ESR = 0.0E-00 REI 0.00E-00 SESR = 0.0E-00 AEB = AES = REI ABBE = ASES = UAS = UR = 0.0E-00 3-38 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 84 The Enter key will flash while at the menu above. Pressing the Enter key permits access to the following sub-menus. 0 CSES= BBER ESR = 0.0E-00 0.00E-00 SESR = 0.0E-00 AEB = AES = ABBE = ASES = UAS = UR = 0.0E-00 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-39...
  • Page 85 These errors are totaled in the fourth menu. The last menu on the lower left will display the elapsed test time in: days, hours, minutes, and seconds. Each press of the error key will cycle to the next error display in a continuous loop, until some other key is pressed. 3-40 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 86: Error Measurement Details

    Error Measurement Details • Error Reporting - In both SONET and SDH mode, the ST2400A will provide Total Errors, Errored Seconds (ES), bit error rate (BER) and Severely Errored Seconds (SES). for B1, B2, B3, FEBE-L (MS-REI), FEBE-P (HP-REI) and Payload Bit (TSE) errors. In SDH mode, the ST2400A will provide Errored Blocks (EB) and Background Block Errors (BBE) for G.826...
  • Page 87 The signal remains in the unavailable state until 10 consecutive non-severely errored seconds are detected. The 10 consecutive non-severely errored seconds are considered part of the available time. 3-42 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 88 They can be displayed by pressing the OVHD key on the Receiver panel. Each time the key is pressed the next group of overhead bytes will be displayed in a continuous loop, until some other key is pressed. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-43...

  • Page 89: Ascii Synchronization Messages-S1 Byte

    812L SETS 812T S1 Byte/ SSM - ST2400A includes S1 byte changes as events which can initiate print-on-event. When Synchronization Status Message (SSM) in S1 byte changes, a time-stamped report of SSM can be printed indicating new SSM contents. SSM byte changes are decoded in clear text per G.707 (SDH) and GR-253 (SONET).

  • Page 90: Automatic Protection Switching (Aps)

    No Request Manual Switch Do Not Revert (Not used) Reverse Request SD-Lo Priority (Not used) SD-Hi Priority Exercise SF-Lo Priority (Not used) SF-Hi Priority Wait To Restore Forced Switch (Not used) Lockout Protect ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-45...

  • Page 91: Receiver Tributary Select

    The first menu is the SDH 155 Mb/s tributary select menu used to select 1 of 16 tributaries. • The second menu is the SDH 622 Mb/s tributary select menu used to select 1 of 4 tributaries. 3-46 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 92: Receiver Tributary - Rx Channel Selection (Sdh)

    Keep track of all pointer movements during a test period. Pointer measurements can be found among the menus that can accessed by pressing the TRIB key on the RX side of the ST2400A test unit. This is a Read-only screen.

  • Page 93: Receiver Drop Select

    W A R N I N G ! Before activating the 2.4 Gb/s LASER, its output must be connected to a circuit. Always replace the screw caps when the optical outputs are not in use. 3-48 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 94 Reference ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual 3-49...

  • Page 95: Appendices

    Appendices...

  • Page 97: Specifications, Sdh

    The ST2400A may need minor manual intervention to continue functioning after the Year 2000 cross-over, for example, resetting the date. The ST2400A will not corrupt data, lose stored setups or lose functionality such as the ability to trigger, capture and manipulated data as a result of rollover event before a fix is implemented.
  • Page 98 Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use. Underwriters Laboratory UL 1244 - Electrical and Electronic Measuring and Approval Testing Equipment Canadian Certification CAN/CSA-22.2 No. 231 - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 99 Data: 2.488 Gb/s output is made from 1 copy of the selected incoming 155 Mb/s optical or electrical data in a user selected channel. The remaining 15 channels are filled with unequipped VC4-structured STM-1s bulk-filled with the user-selected test pattern (all-zeros, PN23, or inverted PN23 [ITU-T O.181 test pattern]). ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 100 Data: 2.488 Gb/s output is copied from the incoming 2.488 Gb/s signal • Default Overhead: Copied from the incoming 2.488 Gb/s signal except B1 BIP-8 and B2 BIP-24 x 16 are recomputed before re-transmission. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 101 6) MS-REI error injection sets M1 byte to indicate one or more errors. None of the Path Overhead (POH) bytes in any STM-1 can be edited. Overhead Bytes Generated by the ST2400A A1, A2 set to F6H, 28H. J0 (STM-1 channel 1) is set to 1; 15 Z0 set to 2 thru 16; 32 National Use (formerly C1) set to 17 thru 48.
  • Page 102 LOS: Detects the Loss of Signal alarm by monitoring the user-selected external 155 or 622 Mb/s inputs for activity. LOF: Detects the Loss of Frame alarm by monitoring an OOF condition for 3 ms on the user- selected external 155 or 622 Mb/s input. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 103 MS-RDI: The K2 byte is monitored for occurrence of the '110' code in three least significant bits. • SDH: If it occurs in three consecutive frames MS-RDI is declared. Overhead Display Approximately every 100 milliseconds each byte of the first STM-1 Transport Overhead is extracted and displayed. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 104 Data: User selects 1 of the 16 155 Mb/s channels in the 2.488 Gb/s input data to copy to the drop signal. Overhead: B1, B2 in dropped STM-1 are recalculated by the ST2400A. H1, H2, and H3 are copied from the selected drop channels.
  • Page 105 Laser Module Requirements (2.488 Gb/s Lasers) Laser modes are pigtailed with type 5D, 8 µm core, non-dispersion shifted single-mode fiber (per ITU-G.652). 2.488 Gb/s lasers in the ST2400A SDH test set are Class IIIA per IEC 825-1. Direct Modulated (DM) DM Laser Module Optical Specifications:...
  • Page 106 Connector: BNC - 50 Ω Type: ECL with internal pull-down, series 50 ohm. Description: Derived from generator, pulse width of 25.8 ns. Event trigger Connector: BNC - 50 Ω Type: TTL Description: Active during LOS, LOF, AIS, FERF, Error Inject, or TOH byte edit. A-10 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 107 ±100 ps; SMA connectors. ECL specifications: At high output voltage, 25° C, -0.98 V (min). At low output voltage, 25° C, -1.95 V (min) and -1.63 V (max). ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual A-11...
  • Page 108 BER; flat loss Rmax Optical Power Penalty Sensitivity degradation due to dispersion, reflections. typical τ µs Loss of signal delay τ µs Acquisition/recovery time Receiver Reflectance @ -15dBm ±3dB Residual Bit Error Rate A-12 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 109 Specifications, SDH 2.488 Gb/s Electrical Inputs AC-coupled 50 Ohm terminated ECL clock and data interfaces; allow ST2400A to operate error- free when electrical outputs are looped to electrical inputs through a bias-tee termination; data valid when sampled within ±50 ps of center of data eye; SMA connectors. ECL specifications: At high input voltage, 25°...
  • Page 110 RS232C Connector, signal level and protocol per ANSI RS-232C Description: Bit serial industry standard interface, used for remote control and software download of the ST2400A. External null modem not required. ST112-RS232C Connector, signal level and protocol per ANSI RS-232C Description: Bit serial interface, used for directly connecting to an ST112 for combined mode operation.
  • Page 111 SETS input shall accept signals meeting the requirements of G.703 section 10 (2.048 Mb/s) and section 6 (2.048 MHz), with the exception of frequency tolerance of +/- 40ppm. The 155/2.048 BNC connector on the front panel provides this input. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual A-15...
  • Page 112 Derived by dividing the clock recovered from the Analyzer 2.488 Gb/s input. Jitter Transfer ST2400A Jitter Transfer is a function of the clock recovery, clock multiply, and/or clock divide function in the Transmitter or Receiver. The Transmitter recovers clock from the 155 MHz or 622 MHz inputs, then multiplies them up to 2.488 GHz.
  • Page 113 Specifications, SDH ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual A-17...

  • Page 114: Incoming Inspection Test

    Incoming Inspection Test The purpose of this procedure is to verify that the ST2400A Transceiver received from Tektronix is operational upon arrival. This procedure briefly verifies that the general functionality of the unit responds correctly. The incoming inspection is divided into separate tests for SDH and SONET.
  • Page 115 4. On the front panel, press SETUP until the display shows the System Configuration menu. 5. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select SDH and then press ENTER. The display then flashes a message stating that the program is restarting (due to measurement mode change). Wait until unit reboots. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 116 10. On the transmitter side of the front panel, press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu. 11. On the transmitter side of the front panel, press ERROR until the display shows the Single Error Inject menu. 12. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select B2 and then press ENTER twice. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 117 19. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice. Observe that the errors have now been reset to zero. Note: Whenever errors are being cleared, verify that you are still in RUN mode after the errors are cleared. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 118 14. On the receiver side of the front panel, press ERROR until the display shows RS-B1 and MS-B2 on the top line. Observe that the errors have stopped increasing. 15. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice to clear all errors. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 119 21. Using the INC/DEC keys and the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, change D7 to 00. 22. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select D8. 23. Using the INC/DEC keys and the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, change D8 to 00. 24. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select D9. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 120 26. On the receiver side of the front panel, press OVHD until the display shows D7, D8, and D9 on the top right side. 27. On the display, observe that the values of D7, D8, and D9 are once again zero. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 121 6. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select OFF and then press ENTER. 7. In the 2.4Gb/s STATUS section, observe that all of the error lights are now off. 8. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice to clear all errors. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 122 9. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select OFF and then press ENTER. 10. In the 2.4Gb/s STATUS section, observe that the error lights for REI/FEBE and AIS are now off. 11. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice to clear all errors. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 123 4. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select OFF and then press ENTER. 5. In the 2.4Gb/s STATUS section, observe that all of the error lights now remain off. 6. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice to clear all errors. B-10 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 124 11. On the receiver side, press ERROR until the display shows B2 on the bottom left corner. Observe that B2 errored seconds (ES) = 1 or 2 and total errors (TOT) = 2. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual B-11...
  • Page 125 Incoming Inspection Test 12. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice. Observe that the errors have now been reset to zero. B-12 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 126 14. On the receiver side of the front panel, press ERROR until the display shows B1, B2, and FEBE-L across the top line. Observe that all of the errors have stopped increasing. 15. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice to clear all errors. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual B-13...
  • Page 127 21. On the receiver side of the front panel, press OVHD until the display shows D7, D8, and D9 on the top right side. 22. On the display, observe that the values of D7, D8, and D9 are once again zero. B-14 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 128 6. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select OFF and then press ENTER. 7. In the 2.4Gb/s STATUS section, observe that all of the error lights are now off. 8. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice to clear all errors. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual B-15...
  • Page 129 9. Using the LEFT/RIGHT cursors, select OFF and then press ENTER. 10. In the 2.4Gb/s STATUS section, observe that the error lights for REI/FEBE and AIS are now off. 11. On the front panel, press RUN/STOP twice to clear all errors. B-16 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 130 If the unit still has a problem, please call Tektronix Customer Sales and Support Center (CSSC) at 1-800-835-9433 x2400 or 503-627-2400 for assistance.
  • Page 131 RX_DROP_RATE_OFF rx_drop_chan= 1 rx_laser_on= OFF rx_sts_chan= 0 rx_eot_print= OFF rx_eot_print_form= 0 rx_errlog_print= 0 rx_errlog_squelch= NONE rx_measure_cntrl= OFF rx_measure_run= OFF rx_measure_secs= 10 rx_measure_timing= RX_MEASURE_UNTIMED rx_print_recent_test= NO rx_report_disp_type= 0 rx_report_mem_type= RX_REPORT_MEM_LOG rx_report_mode= OFF pause_phase= OFF ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 132 [1][1] = 0x7f; oh_bytes [8][2] = 0x7f; tx_allchan_err_mode= OFF B2 all channel error inject tx_payload_mapping= (STS1 SONET) or (VC4 SDH) Payload Pattern choice tx_payload_select= (All-Zeros) Payload Pattern choice tx_ext_sync_input= OFF External sync input toh_group_overlay_word= 0 TOH_BYTE_GROUPS ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 133 0 rs232_char_size_sel= 1 rs232_eol= CR-LF rs232_xon= OFF rs232_echo= OFF rs232_prompt [16]= "ST2400>" rs232_prompt_lf= 0 remote_header= OFF measure_mode = SONET or if "SDH DEFAULT" is set SDH clock_century= "1998/01/01 00:00:00" audio_vol= 1 view_angle= 4 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 134: Factory Defaults

    Factory Defaults ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 135: Sonet For Reference

    64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s 1.544 Mbit/s 24 DS0 2.048 Mbit/s 32 E0 6.312 Mbit/s 96 DS0 8.448 Mbit/s 128 E0 44.7 Mbit/s 28 DS1 34.368 Mbit/s 16 E1 not defined 139.264 Mbit/s 64 E1 ST2400A SDH User Manual...
  • Page 136 SDH to accommodate both transmission hierarchies. This modification allows an STM-1 signal to carry multiple 1.5 Mbit/s or 2 Mbit/s signals - and multiple STM signals to be aggregated to carry higher orders of SONET or SDH tributaries. ST2400A SDH User Manual...
  • Page 137 Demultiplexing - A process applied to a multiplex signal for recovering signals combined within it and for restoring the distinct individual channels of the signals. An alphabetical list of glossary terms follows. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 138 (protection ) line. 1+1 APS pairs a protection line with each working line. 1:N APS provides one protection line for every N working lines. Backhauling Cumbersome traffic management technique used to reduce the expense of multiplexing/demultiplexing. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 139 A parity check that groups all the bits in a block into units (such as byte), then performs a parity check for each bit position in the group. Bit-Stuffing In asynchronous systems, a technique used to synchronize asynchronous signals to a common rate before multiplexing. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 140 Data channels in SDH that enable OAM communications between intelligent controllers and individual network nodes as well as inter-node communications. The symbol for decibels. The symbol for power level in decibels relative to 1 mW. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 141 Framing Method of distinguishing digital channels that have been multiplexed together. Frequency The number of cycles of periodic activity that occur in a discrete amount of time. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 142 A conformance test that measures the transfer of jitter from the input to the output of a network element. Jitter Transfer Function A graph that shows jitter gain as a function of jitter frequency. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 143 VC-12 associates each bit of the E1 with a location in the VC-12. Multiframe Any structure made of multiple frames. SDH has facilities to recognize multiframes at the E1 level and at the VC-n level. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 144 Provides the facilities and personnel required to manage a network. Orderwire A dedicated voice channel used by installers to expedite the provisioning of lines. An acronym for Out of Frame. OS (Operations System) Sophisticated applications software that manages operation of the entire network. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 145 Indicates the beginning of a Virtual Container. Payload capacity The number of bytes the payload of a single frame can carry. Plesiochronous A network with nodes timed by separate clock sources with almost the same timing. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 146 Device that restores a degraded digital signal for continued transmission; also called a repeater. Root Mean Square; calculation often applied to power and noise measurements SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) The ITU-defined international networking standard whose base transmission level G-10 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 147 A network equipment clock. Synchronous Transport Module (STM) A structure in the SDH transmission hierarchy. STM-1 is SDH’s base-level transmission rate equal to 155 Mbit/s. Higher rates of STM-4, STM-16, and STM-64 are also defined. ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual G-11...
  • Page 148 A jitter filter range that measures jitter over a wide range. The band pass filters are defined in ITU–T standards (where they are sometimes referred to as HP1 - LP1). Yellow Signal See Remote Alarm Indication (RAI). G-12 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 149 Vocabulary of terms for SDH networks and equipment G.782 Types and general characteristics of SDH equipment ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of SDH Equipment Functional Blocks G.784 SDH management G.802 Interworking between networks based on different and speech coding laws ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual G-13...
  • Page 150 ANSI T1.102-1993 Digital Hierarchy – Electrical Interfaces Bellcore GR-253-CORE Bellcore GR-2918-CORE, Generic criteria for SONET Point to Point WDM Systems in the 1550nm Region Bellcore GR-2918-ILR, Full Report of Non-Closed Issues for GR-2918-CORE G-14 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 151 Front Panel, 2-1 Receiver, 2-7 Connections, 2-10 Connectors, 2-7 Display, Display Controls, Indicators, 2-2 Drop Select Key, 2-9 Setup Menus, 2-2 Overhead Key, 2-9 Status Indicators, 2-8 Tributary Select Key, 2-9 View History Key, 2-9 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 152 TX Source Mode, 3-14 Safety Summary, ix SDH Glossary, G-1 Setup Menus, 3-1 Auxiliary Setup, 3-8 Laser Menus, 3-4 Power Fail Recovery, 3-9 Report/ Test Time, 3-7 Store/Recall, 3-7 TX Event Trigger Output, 3-6 View Angle, 3-7 ST2400A SDH Test Set User Manual...

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