Page 1 MR6000 MR6000-01 Instruction Manual MEMORY HiCORDER 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 Phone 781-665-1400 Toll Free 1-800-517-8431 Visit us at www.TestEquipmentDepot.com Feb. 2019 Revised edition 1 MR6000A966-01 19-02H...
Page 2: Table Of Contents
Contents Contents Introduction Fine-Adjusting Input Values ............1 How to Refer to This Document (Vernier Function) .....2 .........50 Inverting a Waveform (Invert Function) ........51 Measurement Method Copying Settings (Copy Function) ..52 3.6 Configuring Module-Specific 1.1 Measurement Procedure .......3 Settings ..........53 1.2 Setting Measurement Conditions ..5 Configuring Model 8968 High Resolution Sampling rate setting guideline ....7 ..........53 Unit settings...
Page 3 Contents 5.4 Configuring the Pre-trigger and 8.4 Operators of the Waveform Post-trigger Settings Calculation and Calculation ......92 Results To observe an input waveform while the ..........162 ....96 instrument is waiting for a trigger 8.5 Examples of Configuring 5.5 Setting the Trigger Satisfaction Waveform Calculation Settings ..167 Conditions (AND/OR Operation) Obtaining an RMS waveform from an Among Trigger Sources .......97 ......167 instantaneous waveform 5.6 Triggering the Instrument Using FIR filter ..........170 IIR filter ...........175 Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) ..99...
Page 4 Contents ......261 Trigger output (TRIG.OUT) Configuring the System ..263 External trigger terminal (EXT.TRIG) Environment Settings 13.2 External Sampling (EXT.SMPL) ..265 Appendix Connecting the 14.1 Information for Reference Instrument to Purposes ..........267 Computers Waveform file size (values for reference purposes) ....267 12.1 Configuring the LAN Settings and Maximum recordable time when the Connecting the Instrument to the real-time save is enabled Network ..........227 ....271 (values for reference purposes) Configuring the LAN settings with the ....277 Scaling method for strain gauges...
Page 5: Introduction
 safe operation Basic instructions and specifications  Quick Start Manual  of the instrument MR6000A965-XX.pdf Instruction Manual (this Functions and instructions for the  – document) instrument MR6000A966-XX.pdf Method to use functions including the MR6000-01 Dedicated  calculation available only with Model – Functions MR6000A968-XX.pdf MR6000-01 Notations Additional information is presented below. Indicates the initial setting values of the items. Initializing the instrument restores  settings to each of these values. (p. ) Indicates the location of reference information. START Names and keys on the screen are indicated in boldface. (Bold-faced) Menus, dialog boxes, buttons in a dialog box, and other names on the screen are indicated in blue brackets.
Page 6: How To Refer To This Document
How to Refer to This Document Accuracy We define measurement tolerances in terms of f.s. (full scale) and rdg. (reading) values, with the following meanings: (maximum display value or scale length) f.s. The maximum displayable value or scale length. (displayed value) rdg. The value currently being measured and displayed on the measuring instrument. How to Refer to This Document How to open a screen Indicates the order of tapping the screens. The button represents the setting key. Procedure numbers Numbered same as a corresponding step-by-step instruction. Options and explanations Describes options available when an item is tapped. The icon  indicates the default setting of the item.
Page 7: Measurement Method
Measurement Method 1.1 Measurement Procedure Inspecting the instrument before measurement Configuring the basic settings for measurement Choose a sampling rate. (p. 5) Choose a recording length. (p. 6) Advanced settings: “Using the envelope” (p. 9) “3.1 Overlaying New Waveforms With Previously Acquired (p. 42) Waveforms” Configuring the input channel settings (p.
Page 8: Measurement Procedure
Measurement Procedure To configuring measurement settings automatically range] on the waveform screen automatically specifies the sampling rate, Tapping [Auto measurement range, and zero position of the input waveform and start a measurement. Refer to “3.7 Measuring Signals With the Auto-range Setting” of Quick Start Manual. To load settings registered previously Load the settings file on the file screen. Refer to “4.3 Loading Data” (p. 83). To automatically load saved settings at the time of startup Configure the setting for the instrument so as to load the file containing the instrument settings at the time of startup. Refer to “Automatically loading the settings (Auto-setup function)” (p. 85). Initializing the instrument (Restoring the basic settings) [System] > [Initialize] to restore the instrument settings to the factory default. Select >...
Page 9: Setting Measurement Conditions
500 kS/s, 200 kS/s, 100 kS/s, 50 kS/s, 20 kS/s, 10 kS/s, 5 kS/s, 2 kS/s, 1 kS/s, 500 S/s, 200 S/s, 100 S/s, 50 S/s, 20 S/s, 10 S/s, 5 S/s, 2 S/s, 1 S/s The instrument can measure signals at a sampling rate of 200 MS/s even with several modules other than Model U8976 installed together. However, the data refresh rate does not exceed the maximum sampling rate of each module. When the real-time waveform calculation (Model MR6000-01 only) is set to [On], you cannot choose a sampling rate of 200 MS/s. When the real-time save is set to [On], due to the combination of the number of channels to be used and save destinations, the maximum sampling rate that can be set varies as follows: Maximum sampling rate that can be chosen USB flash drive Number of channels to be used...
Page 10 Setting Measurement Conditions Tap the [External sampling] button to set it to [On] or [Off]. The external sampling is cannot be set when the envelope is used.  Disables the external sampling function. Choose this option to sample data at a sampling rate defined by a signal inputted into the external sampling terminal (EXT.SMPL). Samples data at rising edges of the input signal. Samples data at falling edges of the input signal.  In the [Shot] area, tap the [Points] box, and then choose an option for the number of points to be measured from the list. 2.5 k ...
Page 11 Setting Measurement Conditions Sampling rate setting guideline Choose a sampling rate using the following table as a guideline. Maximum display Maximum display Sampling rate Sampling rate frequency frequency 8 MHz 200 MS/s 400 Hz 10 kS/s 4 MHz 100 MS/s 200 Hz 5 kS/s 2 MHz 50 MS/s 80 Hz 2 kS/s 800 kHz 20 MS/s 40 Hz 1 kS/s 400 kHz 10 MS/s 20 Hz 500 S/s 200 kHz 5 MS/s 8 Hz 200 S/s 80 kHz 2 MS/s 4 Hz...
Page 12 Setting Measurement Conditions Update rate of each module The data refresh rate is not allowed to exceed the maximum sampling rate of each module. The instrument measures the same data until the data gets updated, causing the instrument to plot a stair-step waveform. In addition, even though the instrument measures the same signal simultaneously, values may vary due to differences in the sampling rate, frequency range, and frequency characteristics of modules. Modules Sampling rate of module Reference Model 8966 Analog Unit 20 MS/s (50 ns) – Model 8967 Temp Unit Depends on the data refresh setting. p. 54 Model 8968 High Resolution Unit 1 MS/s (1 µs) – Model U8969 Strain Unit 200 kS/s (5 µs) p. 56 Model 8970 Freq Unit Depends on the setting. p. 58 Model 8971 Current Unit 1 MS/s (1 µs) p. 61 Model 8972 DC/RMS Unit Depends on the response setting.
Page 13: Using The Envelope
Setting Measurement Conditions Using the envelope > [Status] > [Condition] Under [Measurement method], tap [Envelope] to use the envelop. Normal  Does not use the envelope. Envelope Uses the envelope. • What is Normal? The instrument records data at the specified sampling rate. • What is Envelope? At the specified recording interval, the instrument records the maximum and minimum values among data points sampled within each specified recording interval by sampling an input signal at an over-sampling rate* of 100 MS/s. Hence, even though a relatively longer recording interval is specified, peaks of fluctuations can be recorded without being missed. *: Over-sampled data (indicated by blue dots in the figure) are not saved. • Values to be acquired using the envelope Recording interval : Over-sampled data Maximum : Stored data (the maximum and minimum values)
Page 14 Setting Measurement Conditions Under [Shot], tap the [Points] box, and then choose an option for the number of points to be measured from the list. 2.5 k  , 5 k, 10 k, 20 k, 50 k, 100 k, 200 k, 500 k, 1 M, 2 M, 5 M, 10 M, 20 M, 50 Tap [Any] to enable it, and then tap the [Points] box, which allows you to enter the number of points in 100 increments.
Page 15: Configuring The Input Channel Settings
Configuring the Input Channel settings 1.3 Configuring the Input Channel settings Configure the settings of the analog and logic channels. > [Channel] Operation available on the [Channel] screen • Adding a comment to each channel • Setting measurement conditions for each channel • Specifying the display method setting for waveforms • Converting measured values into physical quantities and displaying them...
Page 16 Configuring the Input Channel settings Channel setting procedure Analog channels (CH1 through CH32) setting procedure Configuring the input settings Choose a measurement mode. (p. 13) Choose a measurement range for each measurement target. (p. 14) Convert input values (scaling function). (p. 16) Choose an input coupling method. (p.
Page 17: Analog Channels
Configuring the Input Channel settings Analog channels For details on configuring each module setting, refer to “3.6 Configuring Module-Specific Settings” (p. 53). [Channel] > each module (UNIT) > The instrument displays the waveform screen during measurement. When the instrument does not perform measurement, it displays the presently inputted waveforms on the monitor. Tap the [Use] button to set it to [On] or [Off].  Measures waveforms through this module. Does not measure any waveform through this module. Since no data is acquired, the instrument displays or saves nothing. Enter a comment in the [Comment] box. Number of characters that can be entered: up to 40 Tap the [Mode] box, and then choose a measurement mode from the list. Voltage ...
Page 18 Configuring the Input Channel settings Tap the [Range (f.s.)] box, and then choose a measurement range from the list. The value of the range represents its maximum displayable value (f.s.). See the following table for the full-scale resolution of each module. If the input voltage exceeds the measurable range (overrange occurs), change the measurement range to one with a lower sensitivity. After changing [Range (f.s.)], check values in [Level], [Upper], [Lower], and other values of the trigger, search, and numerical calculation functions. Modules Resolution (LSB) Model 8966 Analog Unit, Model 8971 Current Unit, Model 8972 DC/RMS Unit 2,000 Model 8967 Temp Unit 20,000 Model 8968 High Resolution Unit, Model U8974 High Voltage Unit, Model U8975 4ch 32,000 Analog Unit, Model U8977 3CH Current Unit, Model U8978 4CH Analog Unit Model U8976 High Speed Analog Unit 1,600 Model U8969 Strain Unit, Model U8979 Charge Unit 25,000 Model 8970 Freq Unit (Power frequency mode) 2,000 Model 8970 Freq Unit (Count mode) 40,000 Model 8970 Freq Unit (Frequency mode, rotation speed mode, duty ratio mode, 10,000 pulse width mode)
Page 19 Configuring the Input Channel settings Configure the [Coupling], [L.P.F.], and [Probe ratio] settings. Tapping the area that includes [Coupling] allows the setting dialog box to appear. (1) Tap the [Coupling] box, and then choose a coupling method for an input signal from the list. In general, use the DC coupling. Measures both DC and AC components of an input signal.  Measures an AC component only of an input signal. A DC component can be eliminated. Connects the input terminal to the ground (which allows you to check the zero position). (2) Tap the [L.P.F] box, and then choose a cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter from the list. Enabling the low-pass filter installed in the module can eliminate unwanted high-frequency components. Cutoff frequencies available vary depending on the module types. Choose an adequate cutoff frequency depending on the characteristics of an input signal. Example: Model 8966 Analog Unit , 5 Hz, 50 Hz, 500 Hz, 5 kHz, 50 kHz, 500 kHz  ratio] box, and then choose a probe ratio from the list. Tap the [Probe Choose any of the ratios when the measurement involves use of a connection cord or probe.  Choose this ratio when using Model L9197, Model L9198, Model L9790, or Model L9217 Connection Cord.
Page 20: Configuring The Sheet Settings
(Off  , On) inverted. Refer to “3.4 Inverting a Waveform (Invert Function)” (p. 51). Vernier Allows you to freely fine-adjust the input voltage on the waveform screen (display adjustment only). When recording physical values such as noise, temperature, and acceleration with sensors, you can adjust those amplitudes, facilitating calibration. Refer to “3.3 Fine-Adjusting Input Values (Vernier Function)” (p. 50). Does not display any waveform. Configure the [Scaling] settings. Refer to “3.2 Converting Input Values (Scaling Function)” (p. 44). Switch the channels. Tap the corresponding location to switch the channels,and then set the measurement conditions by following the procedure above. Configuring the [Digital filter] setting for each channel. (Model MR6000-01 only) The [Df] setting is displayed for only channels with [Digital filter] set to [On], allowing you to configure the digital filter setting for each channel. For more information, refer to “Setting the Digital Filter Calculation” in MR6000-01 Dedicated Functions.
Page 21: Logic Channels
Configuring the Input Channel settings Logic channels The logic sheet appears when the screen is in Single, Dual, Quad, Octa, or Hexadeca mode. > [Channel] The instrument displays the waveform screen when a logic channel is chosen. You can check display positions of the logic signals. Tap the [Use] button to set it to [On] or [Off].  Measures a waveform through this module. Does not measure any waveform through this module. Since no data is acquired, the instrument displays or saves nothing. Tap the [Logic width] box, and then choose a display width for logic waveforms from the list. Making waveforms narrower can enhance the readability of a display that contains a large number of waveforms.
Page 22: Switching Sheets On The Waveform Screen
Configuring the Sheet Settings 1.4 Configuring the Sheet Settings You can define the display format of waveforms on the sheet. You can define different display formats for each of the 16 sheets. You can also switch sheets to be displayed on the waveform screen. > [Sheet] Choose a sheet. Tap the [Type] box, and then choose a display format from the list. Time sequence Displays time-sequence waveforms. waveform  FFT waveform Displays FFT-calculated waveforms. Tap the [Divide] box, and then choose an option for the number of screens to be divided from the list.
Page 23 Configuring the Sheet Settings Choose channels to be displayed on the graph. All channels are chosen in the default setting. Tapping a button deselects a channel (Tap it again to select it). Every time you tap [All], all waveform calculation channels is collectively selected or deselected. Example: Selection screen for time series waveforms Example: Selection screen for FFT waveforms Tap [OK]. Your selection is confirmed. Tapping [Cancel] closes the dialog box without your selection confirmed.
Page 24 Configuring the Sheet Settings Switching sheets on the waveform screen > Choose sheet numbers to be displayed.
Page 25: Starting/Stopping A Measurement
Starting/Stopping a Measurement 1.5 Starting/Stopping a Measurement Starting a measurement Pressing the START key starts a measurement. • Waveforms shown on the screen are cleared once the measurement starts. • You can also start a measurement by inputting a signal into the external control terminal. Refer to “13 Externally Controlling the Instrument” (p. 257). Waveform display during measurement In general, the waveforms appear after data with the specified recording length has been acquired. When the measurement speed is relatively slow, the instrument displays waveforms while it is acquiring the data. However, even if a slow-speed range is set, the instrument may display waveforms after it has been acquired the data of the whole waveform, depending on the overlay or magnification setting. To save data automatically during measurement Refer to “Automatically saving waveform data” (p. 74). Stopping the measurement Pressing the STOP key once stops the measurement after the waveforms of the specified recording length have been acquired. Pressing the STOP key twice stops the measurement immediately.
Page 26: Operating The Waveform Screen And Analyzing Data
Operating the Waveform Screen and Analyzing Data You can analyze measured data with various functions including trace cursor measurement of input waveforms and searches on the waveform screen. You can also change measurement conditions or other settings on this screen. Operation available on the waveform screen Using the trace cursors Using the section cursors • Reading measured values (p. 24) • Specifying the waveform range (p. 28) Moving the waveform display position Changing the display magnification of waveforms • Moving waveforms by dragging them •...
Page 27 Reading Measured Values (Trace Cursors) 2.1 Reading Measured Values (Trace Cursors) You can read measured values (scaled values when the scaling is used) using trace cursors on the waveform screen. The instrument can simultaneously display up to eight trace cursors. You can read differences in times and measured values between any two cursors you choose from among all cursors. [Trace cursor] on the wave screen. Choose one or more cursors to be displayed from among [Trace cursor A] through [Trace cursor H] by tapping them. The chosen trace cursors are displayed on the waveform screen. Drag the trace cursors on the waveform screen to move them. Tap [Back].
Page 28 Reading Measured Values (Trace Cursors) [Cursor Value]. You can switch between on and off for the cursor value display every time you tap [Cursor Value]. [Change page]. When the instrument displays multiple channels, you can switch the pages to check cursor values of each channel. Every time you tap it, the pages are switched. [1: Trace cursor A] [2: Trace cursor When the instrument displays multiple trace cursors, the cursor values acquired at the two trace cursors are displayed on the waveform screen (cursor values 1 and 2). Every time you tap [1: Trace cursor A] [2: Trace cursor B]), you can switch the trace cursors displayed on the values of cursor values 1 (or cursor values 2). Cursor values 1 Cursor values 2...
Page 29 Reading Measured Values (Trace Cursors) [Select cursor]. Every time you tap it when the instrument displays multiple trace cursors, a cursor is activated one by one in sequence. In addition, you can activate any one of the cursors displayed on the screen by tapping it. While you are operating the cursors on the waveform screen, the instrument may not displays [Cursor] [Select cursor] depending on the screen operation. In this case, tap the waveform plotting field to redisplay the [Cursor] [Select cursor] button. Changing the display magnification of waveforms while moving the trace cursor Sliding your finger upward on the screen while dragging the trace cursor enlarges the waveform display centered around the trace cursor in proportion to the dragging distance. Sliding your finger downward compresses the waveform display. Once you have adjusted the display to a suitable size, move the trace cursor along the horizontal axis to change the display position. Releasing your finger from the screen reverts the display to the original magnification. To move the trace cursor using the rotary knob X When [Cursor] is assigned to the rotary knob, you can move the active trace cursor with the rotary knob X. If no trace cursors appear on the screen even though the trace cursors are enabled You can check the trace cursors positions on the scroll bar. (p. 33)
Page 30 Reading Measured Values (Trace Cursors) Reading measured values on the waveform screen When the trace cursor is chosen Trace cursor A Trace cursor B Cursor value 2 Cursor value 1 Difference Time between Cursor value 1 and Cursor value 2 The values of the points each cursor crosses the waveforms at are displayed. The display of the cursor values varies depending on the chosen cursor type. Cursor type Cursor value When trace cursor A is assigned to cursor value 1; and trace cursor B, to cursor...
Page 31: Specifying The Waveform Range (Section Cursor)
Specifying the Waveform Range (Section Cursor) 2.2 Specifying the Waveform Range (Section Cursor) You can specify the range using section cursors. The specified range is applicable for file saving, the numerical calculation, and search. The range selection remains unchanged even when you change the waveform display format. [Section cursor].
Page 32: Changing The Display Magnification Of The Waveforms While Moving The Section Cursor
Specifying the Waveform Range (Section Cursor) [Section cursor 1] [Section cursor The cursor is displayed on the left side of the screen. Drag the section cursors on the waveform screen to move them. You can move the range after tapping it to select. Section cursor 1 Specifies the section with cursor 1A and cursor 1B. Section cursor 2 Specifies the section with cursor 2A and cursor 2B. Cursor 1A Cursor 1B Changing the display magnification of the waveforms while moving the section cursor Sliding your finger upward on the screen while dragging the section cursor enlarges the waveform display centered around the section cursor in proportion to the dragging distance (Sliding your finger downward compresses the waveform display.). Once you have adjusted the display to a suitable size, move the section cursor along the horizontal axis to change the display position. Releasing your finger from the screen reverts the display to the original magnification.
Page 33: Displaying Vertical Scales (Gauge Function)
Displaying Vertical Scales (Gauge Function) 2.3 Displaying Vertical Scales (Gauge Function) Using the gauge function enables the vertical scales (for convenience, hereafter referred to as “gauges”) to be displayed overlapping waveforms. Tap [Gauge]. Choose gauges to be displayed from among [Gauge A] through [Gauge The screen display the gauges at the left. You can move a gauge after tapping it to select. Tapping [Left-justified] aligns the gauges to the left.
Page 34: Scrolling Through Waveforms
Displaying Vertical Scales (Gauge Function) [CH ] [CH ] to choose a channel to be displayed. Tapping [Hide] hides the gauges. [Upper and lower limit value]. The setting dialog box appears. You can enter numbers that represent the display range of each channel. and [Lower] boxes, respectively, and then tap [OK]. Enter an upper and lower values in the [Upper]...
Page 35: Scrolling Through Waveforms
Scrolling Through Waveforms 2.4 Scrolling Through Waveforms Scrolling through waveforms Dragging the waveform screen scrolls through waveforms that are being measured or existing waveforms. Scrolling direction Screen display Previous Latest Dragging the waveform Dragging the waveform rightward: leftward: Scrolls through the waveform Scrolls through the waveform backward from the present. forward from the present. To anchor the waveforms vertically Tap the button to deselect it as the scroll direction. To anchor the waveforms horizontally Tap the button to deselect it as the scroll direction. To observe waveforms previously obtained during slow-speed measurement When the waveforms are being displayed during a slow-speed measurement, dragging the waveform screen allows you to observe waveforms previously obtained. To observe the waveforms being measured presently again, tap [] on the screen.
Page 36: Checking A Position Of Waveforms With The Scroll Bar
Scrolling Through Waveforms Checking a position of waveforms with the scroll bar The scroll bar provides the position and size of the displayed part of the waveforms relative to the entire recording length of the waveforms. It also shows the positions of the trigger point, trace cursors, and section cursors. Scroll bar Checking the positions of the trigger point and cursors on the scroll bar Trigger point Trace cursor A Section cursor position Screen display range Recorded range With the display zoomed in, the scroll bars are displayed at both the top and bottom. To move the display position when [Memory divide] is set to [On]...
Page 37: Changing The Display Position And Display Magnification Of Waveforms
Changing the Display Position and Display Magnification of Waveforms 2.5 Changing the Display Position and Display Magnification of Waveforms Horizontally pinching in or out the waveform screen enlarges or compresses waveforms horizontally. Vertically pinching in or out the waveform screen enlarges or compresses waveforms vertically Pinch out Zooms in the waveforms. Pinch in Zooms out the waveforms. To change the display position of logic channels in a batch You can move logic channels only after tapping [Logic] to select. When [Logic] is not chosen, you can move analog channels only. Tap the button to select or deselect it.
Page 38: Position And Display Magnification From Those Of Other Analog Channels
Changing the Display Position and Display Magnification of Waveforms Differentiating a waveform display position and display magnification from those of other analog channels [Channel position adjustment]. The channel position adjustment screen is displayed. The yellow area shows the display range of the waveform screen.
Page 39 Changing the Display Position and Display Magnification of Waveforms Tap a channel number you want to move to choose and drag the chosen area. The display position of the channel is moved. Tap a channel number you want to magnify/demagnify to choose and pinch in/out the chosen area. The channel is magnified/demagnified.
Page 40 Changing the Display Position and Display Magnification of Waveforms Adjust the display position and magnification. The display can be adjusted as follows depending on the selected state. Initialize the Restores all the channels to the initial positions and displays them at the default position of all magnifications. channels. Initialize the Restores selected channels only to the initial positions and displays them at the default position of select magnifications. channels. Align the position Adjusts the display positions and magnifications of all channels such that they are of all channels aligned at the same intervals. equidistantly. Multiple selection Allows you to choose several channels to adjust the displays simultaneously.
Page 41: Operating The Rotary Knobs
Operating the Rotary Knobs 2.6 Operating the Rotary Knobs Push a rotary knob to choose an action and turn the knob to perform the action. Operation of the rotary knob X Each time you push the rotary knob X, the following actions are Rotate chosen one after another. Magnification/ Changes the magnification/demagnification ratio Push demagnification of waveforms acquired across all channels in the ratio horizontal axis direction. Position Changes the display position of waveforms acquired across all channels in the horizontal axis direction. Cursor Moves the chosen cursor. Setting Changes the sampling rate. This operation can be used on the waveform screen only. Operation for the rotary knob Y Each time you push the rotary knob X, the following actions are Rotate chosen one after another.
Page 42: Enlarging A Part Of The Waveform (Zoom Function)
Enlarging a Part of the Waveform (Zoom Function) 2.7 Enlarging a Part of the Waveform (Zoom Function) Using the zoom function allows you to enlarge a part of waveforms. Normal display Zoomed display Normal display Zoomed waveform Tap [Zoom]. The screen splits into two, upper and lower, which enable the zoom function. Upper screen: Displays the waveforms in the magnification specified before the zoom function was applied. The part of the waveforms enclosed by the yellow frame represents the zoomed display range shown in the lower screen. Lower screen: Displays the zoomed-in waveform Pinch in or out each screen to change the display magnification of waveforms on each screen.
Page 43: Advanced Functions
Advanced Functions Advanced measurements and settings Converting input values (scaling) (p. 44) • Overlaying new waveforms with previously acquired waveforms (p. 42) Detailed module settings (p. 53) Fine-adjusting input values (p. 50) • Anti-aliasing filter • Thermocouple type • Reference junction compensation • Wire break detection Inverting a waveform (p. 51) • Data refresh •...
Page 44: Overlaying New Waveforms With Previously Acquired Waveforms
Overlaying New Waveforms With Previously Acquired Waveforms 3.1 Overlaying New Waveforms With Previously Acquired Waveforms New waveforms can be overlaid with the presently displayed waveforms. • You can compare the new waveforms with those recorded before. (When [Mode] is set to [Repeat]) (p. 6) • Two methods are available to overlay waveforms: the automatic overlaying during measurement and the manual overlaying. > [Status] > [Condition] Tap the [Overlay] box, and then choose an overlaying method from the list.  Does not overlay the waveforms. Auto Overlays waveforms newly acquired with the presently displayed waveforms every time the instrument acquires new ones.
Page 45 Overlaying New Waveforms With Previously Acquired Waveforms Tap the button to switch over the display to the waveform screen. Overlay the waveforms manually (leaving any waveforms to be displayed on the screen). Tap the button on the right side of the waveform screen. Overlay Leaves the acquired waveforms displayed on the screen. The overlay setting continues to be available until the waveforms are cleared. Clear Clears all the overlaid waveforms displayed on the screen. No cleared waveforms can be displayed again. When the overlay function is enabled (When [Overlay] is set to [Auto]...
Page 46: Converting Input Values (Scaling Function)
Converting Input Values (Scaling Function) 3.2 Converting Input Values (Scaling Function) About the scaling function The scaling function enables you to convert voltage outputted from measuring devices such as sensors into physical quantities of measurement targets. Hereafter, the term “scale” refers to converting numerical values using the scaling function. Gauge scales, scaled values (upper and lower limits of the vertical axis or voltage axis), and measured values using trace cursors are represented as scaled values in the specified units. You can configure different scale settings for each channel. Before scaled After scaled [ V ] [ A ] Scaling methods The following six methods are available: • Specifying a conversion ratio and offset •...
Page 47 Converting Input Values (Scaling Function) > [Channel] Tap the [Scaling] box, and then choose a scaling setting from the list. Does not scale any values.  On (ENG) Displays values in decimal notation with a unit prefix (such as m and k). On (SCI) Displays values in scientific notation (as a power of 10). Tap the setting items area. The setting dialog box appears.
Page 48 Converting Input Values (Scaling Function) Tap the [Method] box, and then choose a setting method from the list. Ratio  Allows you to specify a conversion ratio and an offset. 2-Point Allows you to specify two scaling-reference points. Sensor Allows you to choose a model name and measurement range of a connected current sensor or differential probe.
Page 49 Converting Input Values (Scaling Function) When using [Sensor] Tap the [Sensor] box, and then choose a model name of a current sensor or differential probe from the list. Tap the [Range (f.s.)] box, and then choose a measurement range from the list. Sensor Measurement range Model 3273-50 30 A Model 3274 150 A Model 3275 500 A Model 3276 30 A Model 3283  10 mA  , 100 mA, 1 A, 10 A, 200 A Model 3284 20 A  , 200 A Model 3285 200 A ...
Page 50 Converting Input Values (Scaling Function) When using [Rating] (for Model U8969 Strain Unit only) Tap the [Capacity] box, and then enter the rated capacity of a strain gauge converter to be used. Tap the [Output] box, and then enter a rated output of a strain gauge converter to be used. +1.0000E-9 +9.9999E+9 You can specify values to five or less significant figures. Specify the parameters such that the quotient of the rated capacity divided by two times the rated output is less than or equal to 9.9999E+9. For the rated capacity and rated output, see an inspection record of a strain gauge converter to be used. Setting example: To display results measured with a strain gauge converter that has a rated capacity of 20 G and rated output of 1000 μV/V as figures in gravities (G) Unit: G Rated capacity: 20 Rated output: 1000 The upper and lower display values of a waveform also automatically change according to the changes made in the scaling settings. Tap the [Units] box, and then enter a unit used for scaled values. (Number of characters: up to 7) To copy the scaling setting to another channel Refer to “3.5 Copying Settings (Copy Function)” (p. 52).
Page 51: When Using Model U8969 Strain Unit
Converting Input Values (Scaling Function) When using Model U8969 Strain Unit When an inspection record of a strain gauge converter provides a calibration factor Example: To display waveform data measured with a strain gauge converter that has a −6 calibration factor of 0.001442 G/1 × 10 strain* as figures in gravities (G) −6 (*: 10...
Page 52: Fine-Adjusting Input Values (Vernier Function)
Fine-Adjusting Input Values (Vernier Function) 3.3 Fine-Adjusting Input Values (Vernier Function) You can freely fine-adjust input voltage on the waveform screen. When recording physical values, such as noise, temperature, and acceleration, with sensors, you can adjust those amplitudes, which facilitates calibration. Waveform processed Normal display by the vernier function 1.2 V 1.0 V When an input voltage of 1.2 V is displayed as a voltage of 1.0 V > [Channel] Tap [Vernier]. The adjustment keypad appears. While observing the waveform, you can fine-adjust its amplitude by tapping [−−], [−], [+], and [++].
Page 53: Inverting A Waveform (Invert Function)
Inverting a Waveform (Invert Function) 3.4 Inverting a Waveform (Invert Function) You can invert a waveform relative to the X axis. This function can be used for analog channels only. Measured data saved in files is that inverted by the invert function. Example: • When a signal is inputted with spring-pulling force negative and spring-compressing force positive; however, you would like to display the results with spring-pulling force positive and spring-compressing force negative • When a current sensor is clamped around a wire with its current direction mark mistakenly in the direction opposite to the current flow > [Channel] Tap the [Invert] button to set it to [On]. This setting is not available for Model 8967 Temp Unit, Model 8970 Freq Unit, and Model 8973 Logic Unit.
Page 54: Copying Settings (Copy Function)
Copying Settings (Copy Function) 3.5 Copying Settings (Copy Function) You can copy settings of other channels, as well as the trigger settings and the real-time waveform calculation settings (Model MR6000-01 only). The following procedure explains how to copy settings of another channel. > [Func] > [Copy] > [Channel] settings] dialog box appears. The [Copy In the [Contents] area, tap one or more of items that you want to copy. Depending on module types, some items may not be able to be copied. Basic Copies the mode, measurement range, coupling, L.P.F., division ratio, and module- specific settings. Display Copies the display setting (excluding comments).
Page 55: Configuring Module-Specific Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings 3.6 Configuring Module-Specific Settings You can configure advanced settings for each module. Configuring Model 8968 High Resolution Unit settings > [Channel] > [8968] Tap the area that includes [A.A.F]. The [A.A.F.] setting dialog box appears. Tap the [A.A.F.] box, and then choose [On] [Off] from the list for the anti-aliasing filter setting.
Page 56: Configuring Model 8967 Temp Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model 8967 Temp Unit settings > [Channel] > [8967] Tap the [Mode] box, and then choose a thermocouple type from the list. Choose an option depending on the type of a thermocouple to be used. Mode Measurable range Mode Measurable range  −200°C to 1350°C 0°C to 1700°C −200°C to 1100°C 0°C to 1700°C −200°C to 800°C 400°C to 1800°C −200°C to 400°C 0°C to 2000°C −200°C to 1300°C Tap the area that includes [RJC].
Page 57 Configuring Module-Specific Settings Tap the [Burn out] box, and then choose between [On] [Off] from the list for the wire break detection setting. You can detect a broken thermocouple wire during temperature measurement. If a thermocouple wire breaks, measured values will fluctuate.  Does not check wires for a break. Check wires for a break by flowing about 100 nA of minuscule current through the thermocouple. If the thermocouple wires are long or have a relatively high resistance, set [Burn out] [Off] to avoid measurement errors. Tap the [Data update] box, and then choose a data update interval from the list. Fast Updates data about every 1.2 ms.
Page 58: Configuring Model U8969 Strain Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model U8969 Strain Unit settings Model U8969 Strain Unit can execute auto-balance. Executing auto-balance regulates the reference output level of a transducer at the specified zero position. Auto-balance is available for Model U8969 Strain Unit only. You can use Model 8969 Strain Unit you own with this instrument. The instrument displays the model name of Model 8969 Strain Unit as [U8969]. Before executing auto-balance • Turn on the instrument and leave it for 30 minutes to allow the internal temperature of the module to stabilize. • After connecting a strain gauge converter to the module, execute auto-balance without any input including distortion. • You cannot execute auto-balance during measurement. • No key operation is accepted during auto-balance. To execute auto-balance on the channel screen of each channel > [Channel] > [U8969] [Auto balance], and then choose an auto-balance setting from the list.
Page 59 Configuring Module-Specific Settings To execute auto-balance on the list screen > [Channel] > > [Operate] > [Auto balance] Executes auto-balance for all channels of Strain Units installed in the instrument. In the following cases, execute auto-balance again. • After changing the vertical axis (strain axis) range • After replacing any modules • After replacing the strain gauge converter • After cycling the instrument • After initializing the instrument • When the ambient temperature has changed significantly (the zero position may drift) If auto-balance fails Check the following items, and re-execute auto-balance. • Is the strain gauge converter not subjected to any load? (Make sure that the strain gauge converter is not subjected to vibration, etc.) •...
Page 60: Configuring Model 8970 Freq Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model 8970 Freq Unit settings > [Channel] > [8970] Tap the [Mode] box, and then choose a measurement mode from the list. Frequency  Measures frequency of a waveform (in hertz [Hz]). Rotation speed Measures the number of rotations of a measuring object (in rotations per minute [r/min]). Power frequency Measures power frequency fluctuation (in hertz [Hz]). Count Accumulates the number of input pulses. Duty ratio Measures duty ratios of a waveform to be measured (in percent [%]). Pulse width Measures pulse widths (in second [s]).
Page 61 Configuring Module-Specific Settings Tap the [Threshold] box, and then enter a threshold value. • Measured values are acquired based on the following: the interval between the subsequent two points when measured waveform exceeds (or falls below) the threshold value, and the number of times when the waveform exceeds (or falls below) the threshold value. • The upper and lower limits of the threshold value and the increment in the threshold value vary depending on the input voltage setting. To prevent measurement errors due to noise, a hysteresis width of about 3% of the input voltage is tolerated for the threshold. (When [Input voltage] is set to [±10 V], it stands at about ±0.3 V.) Specify a threshold allowing for tolerance that exceeds the hysteresis width relative to a peak voltage. Tap the [Slope] box, and then choose a signal direction to be detected from the list. ...
Page 62 Configuring Module-Specific Settings Tap the [Smoothing] box, and then choose a scaling setting from the list. Only when [Mode] is set to [Freq] or [Revolution], this setting is available.  Records measured data without smoothing (resulting in a step-like waveform). Interpolates measured data to smooth a waveform and outputs it. (Upper limit: 10 kHz; outputting data with this setting set to on lags behind that with this setting set to off) Tap the [Hold] box, and then choose a measured-value retaining setting from the list. Only when [Mode] is set to [Freq]...
Page 63: Configuring Model 8971 Current Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model 8971 Current Unit settings > [Channel] > [8971] 1, 2 Confirm the output rate displayed in the [Mode] area. The instrument automatically recognizes a current sensor connected to Model 8971 Current Unit and displays it as follows: 20A/2V When one of the following current sensors is connected: Model 9272-10 (20 A range) and Model CT6841. 200A/2V When one of the following current sensors is connected: Model 9272-10 (200 A range), Model CT6843, and CT6863. 50A/2V When Model CT6862 AC/DC Current Sensor is connected 500A/2V When one of the following current sensors is connected: Models 9709, CT6844, CT6845, CT6846*, and CT6865*. None When no current sensor is connected. IMPORTANT *: W hen Model CT6846 or Model CT6865 connects to Model 8971 Current Unit via Model 9318 Conversion Cable, the instrument recognizes the sensor as a 500 A AC/DC sensor. Set the conversion ratio at 2.00 in the scaling setting.
Page 64: Configuring Model 8972 Dc/Rms Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model 8972 DC/RMS Unit settings > [Channel] > [8972] In the [Mode] area, tap the [DC] [RMS] to choose a measurement mode.  For voltage measurement For RMS measurement (When you have changed the measurement mode) Tap [Zero adjust]. The instrument performs zero-adjustment. Execute zero-adjustment without any input. Tap the area that includes [Response].
Page 65: Configuring Model Mr8990 Digital Voltmeter Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model MR8990 Digital Voltmeter Unit settings > [Channel] > [MR8990] Tap the area that includes [Notch frequency]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [Notch frequency] box, and then choose a power frequency from the list. Choose a power frequency of your region. 50 Hz  Sets the period to 20 ms. 60 Hz Sets the period to 16.67 ms.
Page 66: Settings 58
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Tap the [Calibration] box, and then choose a calibration setting from the list. Enabling this setting automatically calibrates the module or synchronizes the channels at the start of measurement. The synchronization between channels allows integration calculations to synchronize with each other.  Does not calibrate the module nor synchronize the channels. Calibrates the instrument and synchronizes the channels. Synchronization Only synchronizes the channels. • It takes about 150 ms to calibrate the module. The instrument cannot measure any input signals during calibration. • If the channels are synchronized, the instrument sends a signal that interrupts the integration to each module at the start of measurement; thus, the instrument has to wait until the first integration finishes. The wait time required for this process stands at the sum of 10 ms and integration time*. *: The integration time varies depending on the NPLC setting. Even when synchronization is not performed, the wait time described above is required for measurement performed immediately after the settings of Model MR8990 Digital Voltmeter Unit has been changed. No wait time is required when the measurement is performed without any setting changes • When [Calibration] is set to [Off] (default setting), execute calibration manually. Refer to “2.12 Executing Calibration (For the Instrument With Model MR8990 Installed)” of Quick Start Manual.
Page 67: Configuring Model U8974 High Voltage Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model U8974 High Voltage Unit settings > [Channel] > [U8974] In the [Mode] area, tap the [DC] [RMS] to choose a measurement mode.  For voltage measurement For RMS measurement (When you have changed the measurement mode) Tap [Zero adjust]. The instrument performs zero-adjustment. Execute zero-adjustment without any input.
Page 68: Configuring Model U8977 3Ch Current Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configuring Model U8977 3CH Current Unit Settings Each of Model 9709, Model CT6860 series, and Model CT6840 consists of a current sensor with the sub model-number “-05,” which has a metal connector, and that without the sub model-number “-05,” which has a black plastic connector. You can directly connect a current sensor that has the sub model-number “-05,” which has a metal connector, with Model U8977 3CH Current Unit. Using Model CT9900 Conversion Cable, you can connect a current sensor without the sub model-number “-05,” which has a black plastic connector, to Model U8977 3CH Current Unit. > [Channel] > [U8977] Current sensors to be connected determine whether the instrument automatically recognizes mode or whether you have to choose a current sensor setting. (When the instrument automatically recognizes mode) Confirm the output rate displayed in [Mode] area. Available measurement ranges, which depend on automatically recognized output rates, are as follows: 20A/2V 2 A, 4 A, 10 A, 20 A, 40 A, 100 A 50A/2V 4 A, 10 A, 20 A, 40 A, 100 A, 200 A 200A/2V 20 A, 40 A, 100 A, 200 A, 400 A, 1000 A 500A/2V...
Page 69 Configuring Module-Specific Settings (When you have to choose a current sensor setting) Tap the [Mode] box, and then choose a connected current sensor. Available measurement ranges, which depend on chosen current sensors, are as follows: CT7631/CT7731 200 A CT7636/CT7736 200 A, 400 A, 1000 V CT7642/CT7742 2000, 4000 CT7044/CT7045/ 2000, 4000, 10000 CT7046 0.1mV/A 2000, 4000, 10000, 20000, 40000, 100000 1mV/A 200, 400, 1000, 2000, 4000, 10000 10mV/A 20, 40, 100, 200, 400, 1000 100mV/A 2, 4, 10, 20, 40, 100 1000mV/A 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2, 4, 10 IMPORTANT...
Page 70: Configure Model U8979 Charge Unit Settings
Configuring Module-Specific Settings Configure Model U8979 Charge Unit Settings This setting allows you to choose between voltage measurement and acceleration measurement (charge-output or built-in pre-amplifier) for a channel. A channel can measure either one of them. Model U8979 can automatically recognize TEDS-compliant* sensors. *: Transducer electronic data sheet WARNING Setting the measurement mode to [Preamp] allows Model U8979 Charge Unit to constantly provide power (3.5 mA, 22 V) to sensors. Set any measurement mode other than [Preamp] or tum off the instrument before connecting a sensor or probe with a BNC terminal to avoid an electric shock or damage to the...
Page 71 Configuring Module-Specific Settings Tap the area that includes [A.A.F]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [A.A.F.] box, and then choose a anti-aliasing filter setting from a list. The anti-aliasing filter can prevent aliasing distortion that may be produced during FFT calculation. The cutoff frequency automatically changes according to the sampling rates or frequency range (for the FFT function) settings.  Disables the anti-aliasing filter. Enables the anti-aliasing filter. (Disabled when the external sampling is used, or the sampling rate is set at 100 kS/s or faster) [Sensitivity] box, and then enter sensor sensitivity. You can enter sensor sensitivity to two decimal places. For a charge-output acceleration sensor or non-TEDS- compliant sensor, enter its sensitivity marked on the sensor, which represents sensitivity per meter per second squared.
Page 72 Configuring Module-Specific Settings When using an out-of-setting-range current sensor You can use an out-of-setting-range current sensor using the scaling function. Refer to “Automatically saving waveform data” (p. 74). Tap the area that includes [Sensitivity]. The setting dialog box appears. [Sensitivity] box, and then enter sensor sensitivity. Multiply the sensor sensitivity of a sensor to be used by a certain value to allow a product to fall within the setting range (0.1 to 10), and enter the product. Tap [Close]. The setting dialog box closes. Tap the [Scaling] box, and then configure the scaling setting. Configure the scaling setting so that a scaling ratio is the same value as the number you multiplied the sensor sensitivity by. Example 1 For sensor sensitivity of 23.4 pC/(m/s Specify 10 pC/(m/s...
Page 73: Saving/Loading Data And Managing Files
Saving/Loading Data and Managing Files This chapter explains how to save and load data and manage files. Before saving data, select [Status] > [Save], and configure the save setting. The file screen allows you to load data. The explorer allows you to manage files. Refer to “4.4 Managing Files” (p. 86). > [Status] > [Save] Operation available on the [Save] screen Auto-save Configuring the auto-save method settings for measured data (p. 74) Real-time save Setting the method of saving waveform data in real time (p. 78) SAVE key operation • Setting the operation implemented when the SAVE key is pressed (p. 80) • Specifying contents to be saved when [Quick] is selected (p. 80)
Page 74: Data That Can Be Saved And Loaded
Data That Can Be Saved and Loaded 4.1 Data That Can Be Saved and Loaded Files that exceed 2 GB cannot be saved. Data saved with another instrument cannot be loaded onto the instrument. Enable, ‒ Disable  Saving Loading File type File format File extension and description Loading on a PC Auto Manual Setting data (measurement Setting data* Binary – –   conditions) Waveform data* Normal waveform data ‒ *...
Page 75: Saving Data
Saving Data 4.2 Saving Data Saving types and setting procedure Three ways are available to save data. To automatically save data To manually save data by pressing the SAVE key (p. 80) during measurement (p. 74) To save data immediately To save data after choosing items Auto-save Quick save Selective save Real-time save...
Page 76: Automatically Saving Waveform Data
USB Memory USB Memory  Mail Sends email messages with waveform data attached to computers in your network or to remote computers. Sends waveform data to a computer connected to your network (1) W hen you choose a save destination, the state of the storage device such as its drive letter and capacity appears on the right of the [Media] box. If no storage device is inserted, the string [None] appears. (2) W hen you choose [USB Memory] as the save destination, choose a USB flash drive you would like to use as a save destination from among all attached USB flash drives. • The [HIOKI_MR6000] folder is automatically created in the specified save destination, and sub-folders are automatically created in the folder according to the [Type] setting. Waveform (Binary), Waveform (Text), Waveform (Float): WAVE Setting: CONFIG Numerical calculation result: MEASURE Screenshot: PICT When you choose [FTP], configure the LAN and FTP client function settings. Refer to “Configuring the LAN settings with the instrument” (p. 227) and “12.3 Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function” (p. 235). • For protecting data, use the following Hioki’s options: Model U8332 SSD Unit, Model U8333 HD Unit, Model Z4006 USB Drive, Model Z4001 SD Memory Card 2GB, and Model Z4003 SD Memory Card...
Page 77 Saving Data Enter the file name in the [File name] box. • Number of characters for a file name: Up to 100 characters • The maximum length of a file name that includes its path: Up to 255 characters In the [Waveform] area, tap [On] [Off] to configure the waveform save setting.  Does not save any waveforms. Saves waveforms. Tap the [Type] box, and then choose a save format from the list. Waveform Saves waveform data in binary format.
Page 78 Saving Data (When you choose [Waveform (Text)] in the [Type] box) Tap the [Thin out] button to set it to [On] or [Off]. When you choose [On], tap the number box on the right, and then enter the number of data points out of which a data point is retained Storing files in text format requires a lot of storage space. Data decimation can reduce file sizes.
Page 79 Saving Data Structure of the save destination folders The instrument saves folders under the “HIOKI_MR6000” folder as follows. Every folder can retain up to 5000 files and folders collectively. 0001AUTO.MEM HIOKI_MR6000 WAVE DATA 0001AUTO.CSV Up to 5000 files When the number of files in the xxxxDATA (“xxxx” represent a figure of 0002 to 9999) folder reaches 0002DATA 5000, the instrument automatically creates a new folder with the next number. When [Method] is set to [Delete], the instrument automatically creates the xxxxDELSAVE (“xxxx” 9999DATA represent a figure of 0002 to 9999) folder and saves files in this folder. Files in this folder are subject to being deleted. 0001MEAS.CSV MEASURE 5000MEAS.CSV 0001SCR.BMP PICT 5000SCR.BMP 0001CONF.SET CONFIG 5000CONF.SET...
Page 80: Real-Time Save
• If displaying the message, Error No. 235 [Real-time save could not be completed within available time.], the instrument may record abnormal data in a waveform file saved in a storage device. • The operation may be automatically restricted or the magnification may be changed if there is a risk that saving data cannot be completed in time during the real-time save. • When any numerical calculation is set, only manual calculation can be executed. > [Calculation] > [Numerical After the measurement has been complete, select calculation], and then tap [Execute]. • For real-time save, use the following Hioki’s options: Model U8332 SSD Unit, Model U8333 HD Unit, and Model Z4006 USB Drive Model Z4001 SD Memory Card (2 GB), Model Z4003 SD Memory Card (8 GB) • When using Model Z4006 USB Drive for real-time save, connect the drive to the USB 3.0 connector on the right side of the instrument. Connecting the drive to the USB 2.0 connector cannot deliver the real-time save speed specified in the product specifications. Maximum recording time • When the real-time save is set to [On], the maximum recording time is determined based on the recording interval, the remaining capacity of a storage device, and the number of channels to be used. • When the sampling rate is set at a slow rate, the recording time is set to a long period of time (one year or more) depending on a condition. The operation cannot be guaranteed because the warranty period or product life may disturb it.
Page 81 Saving Data is set to [Delete], the recording length can be set at 10000 days at a maximum; • When [Method] however, data the instrument retains after the measurement is limited to a free space size of a storage device at the start of recording (recording time of the normal saving). > [Status] > [Save] On the [Condition] screen, configure the [Realtime save] [Sampling] settings. Refer to “1.2 Setting Measurement Conditions” (p. 5). Tap the [Media] box, and then choose a destination to save from the list. Tap the [Recording time] box, and then enter a recording time.
Page 82: Freely Choosing Data Items To Be Saved And Save Files (Save Key)
Saving Data Freely choosing data items to be saved and save files (SAVE key) You can configure saving action setting the instrument performs when you press the SAVE key. Selective save: After you press the SAVE key, the instrument allows you to configure the save settings before saving data. Quick save: Pressing the SAVE key causes the instrument to save data that consists of pre- specified items. You can save the following types of data: • Waveform data • Screenshot • Numerical calculation result • Setting > [Status] > [Save] Tap the [Save key operation] button, and then choose a save method adopted when you press the SAVE...
Page 83 Saving Data Tap the [Type] box, and then choose a save format from the list. Waveform Saves waveform data in binary format. (Binary)  Choose this option to reload the waveforms into the instrument. Waveform (Text) Saves waveform data in text format. Choose this option to load the waveforms with a computer. Waveform (Float) Saves waveform data in binary format (32-bit floating point). Choose this option to load the waveforms with a computer. Screen image Saves screenshots. The data saved can be viewed on a computer with image viewing software. Numerical Saves numerical calculation results. calculation result Setting Saves the present measurement conditions. Tap the [Channel] box, and then choose an option for channels to be saved.
Page 84 Saving Data Configure advanced save settings according to the [Type] box setting. Saving format Setting Description Waveform (Text) Thin out  A large amount of space is required to save On (2 to 1,000) files in text format. Decimating data before saving a file can reduce the file size. This setting allows you to specify the decimation number (the instrument retains a data point out of the decimation number of data points). Example: W hen you specify [2], the instrument saves every two data points. The number of data points is reduced by half of the original amount. Data  Saves all data.
Page 85: Loading Data
Loading Data 4.3 Loading Data You can load data saved in a storage device or written in the internal memory of the instrument. Data loading procedure Before attempting to load the data, make sure that a storage device is inserted, and the save destination is correctly specified. Open the file screen, choose a storage device, and double-tap a file you want to load. Waveform and settings files saved in waveform (binary) format can be loaded on the instrument. The instrument displays only loadable files on the file screen. Waveform data Setting data Insert a storage device. Insert a storage device. Chose data to be loaded Chose data to be loaded (Extension: .SET). Double-tap the file Double-tap a file select [Open]. select [Open]. Loads data. Loads data.
Page 86 Loading Data To display the file screen Open the file screen. Choose a storage device to be operated. When loading data from a storage device Insert a storage device before choosing it. Others • The instrument can load data saved with Model MR6000 Memory HiCorder only. Data saved with another type of recorder cannot be loaded onto the instrument. • Loading a waveform file changes the settings of the instrument to those when the waveform file was saved. When a measurement starts with this state, the instrument measures waveforms with the settings of the loaded waveform file; however, the settings of the modules are restored to those set before the waveform file was loaded. To discard the module settings of the loaded waveform file, execute [Initialize waveform data] (Refer to “6.2 Initializing the Instrument” of Quick Start Manual.). • Loading a waveform file suspends the waveform monitor until one of the following actions is performed: •...
Page 87: Loading Waveform Data In A Batch
Loading Data Loading waveform data in a batch Loading one of the following index files allows waveform data to be loaded in a batch. Configuring the following settings allows the instrument to create an index files and waveform file together. Extension Content Loads divided files in a batch. The instrument with the file division setting creates an index file (the file division setting is included in the auto-save or the SAVE key operation settings). However, when [Type] is set to any type other than [Waveform (Binary)], the instrument does not create any index file. Refer to “Automatically saving waveform data” (p. 74) and “Freely choosing data items to be saved and save files (SAVE key)” (p. 80). (When using the memory division function) The instrument loads waveforms of all blocks at a time. The instrument creates an index file when the instrument with the memory division function enabled automatically save data or you press the SAVE key to save data of all blocks (p. 82). Refer to “ Freely choosing data items to be saved and save files (SAVE key)” (p. 80) and “Auto-save for the memory division setting” (p. 217). Automatically loading the settings (Auto-setup function) The instrument can load a setting file with the file name “STARTUP” in the [CONFIG] folder in the [HIOKI_MR6000] folder at the time of startup. The instrument searches the drives beginning from drive D in alphabetical order for the file “STARTUP.SET,” loading the file found first.
Page 88: Managing Files
Managing Files 4.4 Managing Files Opening the explorer allows you to manage data saved in storage devices. Operation available on the explorer Changing storage Storage devices can be changed. devices Sorting files Files on a file list can be sorted based on the chosen basis. Moving files to a Files can be moved to a folder of your choice. folder Copying files Files can be copied to a specified folder. When you choose folders to be copied, the chosen folders are copied to the specified folder. Creating a folder A new folder can be created. Renaming a file A file or folder can be renamed. Deleting files Files and folders can be deleted. Format A storage device can be formatted. To open the explorer Tap [Func]. Select [Explorer]. Explorer appears. Choose a storage device to be operated.
Page 89: Configuring The Trigger Settings
Configuring the Trigger Settings The trigger function allows you to start and stop measurement using specific signals. When recording is started or stopped by specific signals, it is called “The instrument is triggered.” When the real-time save is set to [On], you cannot use the trigger function. In this chapter, the mark represents the point the start trigger is activated; the mark represents the point the stop trigger is activated. In the descriptions of each trigger source, the mark represents a point each trigger condition is satisfied and a point each trigger is generated. > [Trigger] > [Common] Operation available on the [Trigger] screen Configuring the trigger source settings Configuring the trigger setting Configuring the analog trigger settings • Trigger timing (p. 90) (p.
Page 90: Trigger Setting Procedure
Trigger Setting Procedure 5.1 Trigger Setting Procedure • The instrument is triggered based on trigger satisfaction conditions (logical AND or OR operation) among trigger sources except for the forcible trigger. (p. 97) • When triggered, the instrument outputs the TRIG OUT signal from the external control terminal. (p. 261) Enables the trigger function. (p. 89) Configure the trigger function setting Specify the start/stop timing of recordings (p. 90) Configuring the trigger timing setting controlled by triggers. Specify a recording length that precedes (p. 92) Configuring the pre-trigger settings the start trigger point. Set a recording length following the stop (p. 92) Configuring the post-trigger settings trigger point. Setting trigger logical-conditions (AND or (p. 97) Setting trigger logical-conditions (AND or OR operation) among the analog, logic, OR operation) among trigger sources external, and interval triggers to trigger the instrument. Set trigger conditions for each trigger. Configuring the trigger type settings • Analog trigger (p. 99) •...
Page 91: Enabling The Trigger Function
Enabling the Trigger Function 5.2 Enabling the Trigger Function > [Trigger] > [Common] Tap the [Trigger] button to set it to [On].  Disables the trigger function. Enables the trigger function. To copy settings to other channels You can copy settings on the analog trigger setting screen. Refer to “3.5 Copying Settings (Copy Function)” (p. 52).
Page 92: Configuring The Trigger Timing Setting
Configuring the Trigger Timing Setting 5.3 Configuring the Trigger Timing Setting Configure the waveform recording settings the instrument follows when it is triggered. > [Trigger] > [Common] Tap the [Timing] box, and then choose a trigger recording method from the list. START  Starts recording when the instrument is triggered, and stops the recording after the instrument has acquired the recording length of waveforms. Stop Starts recording when you press the START key, and stops the recording when the instrument is triggered. Start/Stop Starts recording when a start trigger is activated and records data until a stop trigger is activated. When Model U8975 4ch Analog Unit or MR8990 Digital Voltmeter Unit or both are included in the measurement modules, the displayed trigger point may lag behind the actual trigger point by one sample.
Page 93 Configuring the Trigger Timing Setting Trigger timing Behavior varies depending on the mode. Recording START key Recording Recording [Start] [Stop] [Start/Stop] Starts Starts recording when the Starts recording when you Starts recording when a start instrument is triggered. press the START key. trigger is activated. recording Stops the recording When the Stops the recording after the Stops the recording when the Stops the recording when a mode is set to specified recording length of instrument is triggered. stop trigger is activated. data has been acquired.
Page 94: Configuring The Pre-Trigger And Post-Trigger Settings
Configuring the Pre-trigger and Post-trigger Settings 5.4 Configuring the Pre-trigger and Post-trigger Settings Pre-trigger You can record not only Also records data before the start trigger. waveforms that appear after a START start trigger has been activated, but also those that appear before the trigger is activated. Setting of timing: Specified pre-trigger Recording length or length recording time [Start], [Start/Stop] Post-trigger You can also record waveforms Also records data after the stop trigger. that appear after the specified Stop recording length elapses from the...
Page 95 Configuring the Pre-trigger and Post-trigger Settings > [Trigger] > [Common] [Pre-Trigger 0%] [Post-Trigger 0%]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [Pre-trigger] [Post-trigger] boxes, and then enter a pre- or post-trigger length. Pre-trigger  100% Post-trigger  Refer to “14.2 FFT Definitions” (p. 280). When setting both [Pre-Trigger] and [Post-Trigger] in combination, make sure that the total percentage points of [Pre-Trigger] and [Post-Trigger] is 80% or less.
Page 96 Configuring the Pre-trigger and Post-trigger Settings Difference between [Waiting for Pre-Trigger] [Waiting for Trigger] When starting a measurement, the instrument starts filling the pre-trigger memory. During this period, the instrument displays the message [Waiting for Pre-Trigger]. After having filled the pre- trigger memory, the instrument displays the message [Waiting for Trigger] until it is triggered. While displaying [Waiting for Pre-Trigger], the instrument is not triggered even when a trigger condition is satisfied. Pre-trigger, post-trigger, and recording range • Using the pre-trigger along with the start trigger setting START When the pre-trigger length is set at 95%: Records the recording length of waveforms, 95% of which appear before the start trigger point. When the pre-trigger length is set at 50% Records the recording length of waveforms, 50% of which appear before the start trigger point. •...
Page 97 Configuring the Pre-trigger and Post-trigger Settings Tap the [Trigger priority] button to choose a way to handle triggers activated while the instrument is filling the pre-trigger memory. You can choose whether the instrument is triggered when the trigger conditions are satisfied while the instrument is filling the pre-trigger memory. • When the pre-trigger is enabled, the instrument is not triggered once the measurement has started until a certain period has elapsed (while the instrument is filling the pre-trigger memory). • The message [Waiting for Pre-Trigger] appears on the screen.  Ignores triggers while filling the pre-trigger memory. Accepts a trigger while filling the pre-trigger memory. When the trigger conditions are satisfied while the message [Waiting for Pre-Trigger] being displayed Example: When the pre-trigger length is set to 50%...
Page 98: To Observe An Input Waveform While The Instrument Is Waiting For A Trigger
Configuring the Pre-trigger and Post-trigger Settings To observe an input waveform while the instrument is waiting for a trigger [Waveform monitor]. A waveform acquired across one of any channels is displayed. [CH ] [CH ] to choose a channel to be displayed. Tap [Trigger]. You can forcibly trigger the instrument. [Close waveform monitor]. The screen restores to the waveform screen.
Page 99: Setting The Trigger Satisfaction Conditions (And/Or Operation) Among Trigger Sources
Setting the Trigger Satisfaction Conditions (AND/OR Operation) Among Trigger Sources 5.5 Setting the Trigger Satisfaction Conditions (AND/OR Operation) Among Trigger Sources Set the trigger satisfaction conditions among the analog, logic, external, and interval triggers by choosing between logical AND or OR operation. The forcible trigger triggers the instrument regardless of the trigger satisfaction conditions setting. If all trigger sources are set to off (i.e., with no trigger setting), recording starts immediately (free run). > [Trigger] > [Common] [AND] or [OR], whichever is displayed, to switch to the other.  When any one of the specified trigger conditions changes from not being satisfied to being satisfied (at a changing point), the instrument is triggered. Thus, even though a trigger condition has been already satisfied at the start of waiting for a trigger, the instrument is not triggered until a changing point is detected. Only when all of the specified trigger conditions are satisfied, the instrument is triggered. Thus, if all the specified trigger conditions have been already satisfied at the start of waiting for a trigger, the instrument is immediately triggered.
Page 100 Setting the Trigger Satisfaction Conditions (AND/OR Operation) Among Trigger Sources Setting example: To trigger the instrument when a waveform crosses the zero-volt level in the positive direction The instrument is triggered based on whether the trigger satisfaction condition is set to AND or OR operation in the following ways: Channel Trigger Level Slope Filter CH1, CH2 Level 0.00 V Start Start [AND] [OR] One waveform is above 0 V, and Either waveform crosses 0 V the other is also above 0 V. upwards. When the trigger timing is set to [Start/Stop], the instrument determines that a logical AND or OR operation is satisfied in a set of trigger sources assigned to the start trigger or those assigned to the stop trigger. *: With the [AND] setting, the slope setting item appears as [HIGH].
Page 101: Triggering The Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger)
Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) 5.6 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) This section explains how to configure the analog trigger settings and types of the analog triggers. > [Trigger] > [Source] Tap a trigger source to be set. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [Channel] box, and then from the list, choose a channel you want to set a trigger condition for.
Page 102 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) Settable channels for each trigger source Trigger source Module (UNIT) channel Calculation channel UNIT1 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT1 UNIT1 – T2, T4 UNIT2 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT2 UNIT2 – T2, T4 UNIT3 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT3 UNIT3 – T2, T4 UNIT4 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT4 UNIT4 – T2, T4 UNIT5 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT5 UNIT5 – T2, T4 UNIT6 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT6 UNIT6 – T2, T4 UNIT7 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT7 UNIT7 – T2, T4 UNIT8 – T1, T3 Channels of UNIT8 UNIT8 – T2, T4...
Page 103 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) [Level] trigger When an input signal crosses the specified level in the positive or negative direction, an analog trigger is generated. Level Input waveform Slope: [ Setting Description Level –f.s. +f.s. Allows you to enter a level of the level trigger. Default:  Slope With  The level-trigger condition is satisfied when a waveform crosses the threshold value (level) in the positive direction. The level-trigger condition is satisfied when a waveform crosses the threshold value (level) in the negative direction. With HIGH  The level-trigger condition is satisfied when a waveform is higher than the threshold value (level). The level-trigger condition is satisfied when a waveform is lower than the threshold value (level). Event With  4,000 Allows you to enter the number of events. The instrument counts the number of times the level-trigger condition is satisfied. An analog trigger is generated when the count reaches the specified number of events.
Page 104 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) With the [Event] setting If the trigger condition is repeatedly satisfied, setting the number of events prevents an analog trigger from being generated until the number of times the level-trigger condition is satisfied reaches the specified number of counts. Example: When the number of events is set to [4] (Slope: [ Level 2.5 V Event count...
Page 105 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) [In] trigger, [Out] trigger When an input signal falls within ([In]) or gets out of a range ([Out]), which is determined by specifying upper and lower values, an analog trigger is generated. These triggers are disabled when the sampling rate is set at 200 MS/s. [In] [Out] Upper limit value Upper limit value Lower limit value Lower limit value Setting Description Event With  4,000 Allows you to enter the number of events. The instrument counts the number of times the window-trigger condition is satisfied. Only after the count reaches the specified number of events, an analog trigger is generated. With Not available Filter ...
Page 106 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) [Voltage drop] trigger When a voltage peak is continuously lower than a specified level for a time of half a period or more, the voltage-drop-trigger condition is satisfied. The sampling rate can be set at a figure in the range of 2 kS/s to 100 MS/s. The external sampling is cannot be set when the envelope is used. These triggers cannot be set either when Model MR8990 and Model 8970 is used. Half the period Level Setting Description Level +f.s. (100 V  Allows you to enter a level to be used to check for voltage drops. Frequency 50 Hz  60 Hz Allows you to choose between 50 Hz and 60 Hz. RMS (root- Varies in conjunction with Displays a rough indication of the RMS value. mean-square the level settings value) Event With  4,000 Allows you to enter the number of events. The instrument counts the number of times the voltage- drop-trigger condition is satisfied. Only after the count reaches the specified number of events, an analog trigger is generated.
Page 107 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) [Period-in] trigger and [Period-out] trigger The instrument measures periods of an input waveform, which are time lags between consecutive two points at which an input voltage crosses the specified level in the positive or negative direction. The period-trigger condition is satisfied when a period is inside the specified range (In) or outside the specified range (Out). An trigger point lags behind the actual trigger point by one sample. These triggers are disabled when the sampling rate is set at 200 MS/s. The external sampling is cannot be set when the envelope is used. These triggers cannot be set either when Model MR8990 and Model 8970 is used. Refer to “Setting of the period range” and “[Period-out] trigger” (p. 106). Level Upper Period upper limit limit value Within the period range Out of the range Period lower limit Setting Description Level –f.s. +f.s. Allows you to enter a level for detecting the Default:  rising or falling slopes of a signal. Slope With ...
Page 108 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) Setting of the period range The period range settings of the period trigger vary depending on the sampling periods (sampling rates). (The setting value of the period range also changes in conjunction with the sampling period [sampling rate] setting.) Select [Status] > [Condition] > [Sampling] and check the sampling rate setting. To set the period-trigger condition such that it is satisfied when an input frequency exceeds the upper limit value (when the period becomes shorter) [Type] [Period-in] and set...
Page 109 Triggering the Instrument Using Analog Signals (Analog Trigger) [Glitch] trigger The glitch-trigger condition is satisfied when a pulse width of an input signal that has crossed the specified level is shorter than the specified width. These triggers are disabled when the sampling rate is set at 200 MS/s. The external sampling is cannot be set when the envelope is used. This trigger cannot be set when Model MR8990 is used. Width Level Input waveform Slope: [ Setting Description Level –f.s. +f.s. Allows you to specify a level for detecting glitches. Default:  Slope  Allows you to choose which of the following points to use to detect glitches: two consecutive points at which a signal crosses the specified level in the positive direction; or those in the negative direction. Event With  4,000 Allows you to enter the number of events. The instrument counts the number of times the glitch-trigger condition is satisfied. An analog trigger is generated only after the count reaches the specified number of events. With Not available Width times to 4000 times of Allows you to enter a pulse width (time), which is used to...
Page 110: Triggering The Instrument With Logic Signals (Logic Trigger)
Triggering the Instrument With Logic Signals (Logic Trigger) 5.7 Triggering the Instrument With Logic Signals (Logic Trigger) The section explains how to configure the logic trigger settings. • Input signals acquired across the logic channels serve as a trigger source. • You can set a trigger pattern and trigger satisfaction condition by choosing between logical AND and OR operations. When the logic-trigger conditions are satisfied, a logic trigger is generated. • With the trigger filter setting, no logic triggers are generated until the logic-trigger condition is continuously satisfied during the specified filter. > [Trigger] > [Source] Tap the [Condition satisfied] box, and then choose a logic-trigger satisfaction condition from the list. Disables the logic trigger.  The logic-trigger condition is satisfied when any one of logic input signals matches the trigger pattern.
Page 111 Triggering the Instrument With Logic Signals (Logic Trigger) Tap each of the signals under [Trigger pattern] to set a logic-trigger pattern.  Ignores a signal. The logic-trigger condition for each logic signal is satisfied when the signal is at a low level. The logic-trigger condition for each logic signal is satisfied when the signal is at a high level. Setting example The logic-trigger conditions differ depending on the combination of the [Condition satisfied] setting (logical OR or AND operation) and the [Trigger pattern] setting as follows: Trigger pattern Logic-trigger condition Not satisfied Satisfied Trigger pattern Logic-trigger condition Not satisfied Satisfied...
Page 112: Triggering The Instrument At Regular Intervals (Interval Trigger)
Triggering the Instrument at Regular Intervals (Interval Trigger) 5.8 Triggering the Instrument at Regular Intervals (Interval Trigger) Start triggers can be activated at specified intervals. Setting the recording mode to [Repeat] allows the instrument to record waveforms at regular intervals. • When using the pre-trigger, the instrument starts monitoring interval-trigger times after the first pre-trigger time elapses since the start of measurement. • No start triggers are activated by any interval triggers while the instrument is filling the pre-trigger memory. An interval trigger triggers the instrument while the instrument is waiting for a trigger after the instrument has filled the pre-trigger memory. • Since the clock is internally corrected, displayed trigger times may not synchronize with the intervals of the interval trigger. > [Trigger] > [Common] [Interval trigger]. [Interval trigger] to set it to [On]. Tap the [h], [min], and boxes, and then enter a period of time for interval triggers.
Page 113 Triggering the Instrument at Regular Intervals (Interval Trigger) Acquiring data at regular intervals (relation between a time interval and a recording length or recording time) The instrument is not triggered until having acquired data that has the specified recording length or recording interval. When a recording length or recording time is When a recording length or recording time is shorter than a time interval longer than a time interval The instrument records data The instrument records data...
Page 114: Externally Triggering The Instrument (External Trigger)
Externally Triggering the Instrument (External Trigger) 5.9 Externally Triggering the Instrument (External Trigger) External signals applied to the external control terminals can serve as trigger sources. External signals can also be used to operate multiple instruments in synchronization with each other. Refer to “External trigger terminal (EXT.TRIG)” (p. 263). 5.10 Manually Triggering the Instrument (Forcible Trigger) Tapping [Trigger] on the right side of the waveform screen allows you to manually trigger the instrument while the instrument is waiting for a trigger. The forcible trigger triggers the instrument regardless of other trigger source settings. To stop the recording, press the STOP key. Press the key once: Stops the measurement once the instrument has acquired the specified recording length of data. Press the key twice: Stops the recording immediately.
Page 115: Search Function
Search Function Using the search function allows you to search measured data for positions where user-defined search conditions have been satisfied. > Operation available on the search screen Peak search You can choose from the maximum, minimum, local maximum (maximal), and local minimum (minimal) value to search for it. (p. 114) Trigger search You can set a trigger condition to search for positions where the condition is satisfied. (p. 116) Memory HiConcierge You can specify a fundamental wave to automatically detect differences from the fundamental wave based on a histogram or standard deviation. (p. 120) Jump You can jump to the specified time, trace cursor position, section cursor position, event number, trigger point, or search mark. (p. 122)
Page 116: Searching For Peak Values
Searching For Peak Values 6.1 Searching For Peak Values You can choose any one of the maximum, minimum, maximal, and minimal values and search measured data for it. > Tap the [Target channel] box, and then from the channel setting dialog box, choose a channels to be searched for values. Tap the [Range] box, and then choose an option for the search range from the list. Whole Searches whole waveform for values.
Page 117 Searching For Peak Values (When you choose [Maximal] [Minimal] in the [Type] box) Tap the [Filter(samples)] box, and then from the list, choose a decision condition for maximal or minimal values.  Regards a value as a maximal value when it is larger than the values found one point before and after, and a minimal value when it is smaller. 10,000 Regards a value as a maximal value when it is larger than any other value in the range between the specified points before and after, and a minimal value when it is smaller. (When you choose [Maximal] [Minimal] in the [Type] box) Tap the...
Page 118: Searching For Positions Where A Trigger Condition Is Satisfied
Searching For Positions Where a Trigger Condition Is Satisfied 6.2 Searching For Positions Where a Trigger Condition Is Satisfied Setting a trigger condition allows you to search measured data for positions where the trigger condition is satisfied. > Tap the [Target channel] box, and then from the channel setting dialog box, choose a channel to be searched for positions where a trigger condition is satisfied. When you choose an analog channel When you choose an logic channel...
Page 119 Searching For Positions Where a Trigger Condition Is Satisfied Tap the [Range] box, and then from the list, choose an option for a range to be searched for positions where a trigger condition is satisfied Whole Allows you to search whole waveform.  Segment Allows you to search the scope specified as Segment 1 or Segment 2. Segment 2 Tap the [Number of searched] box, and then enter the number of search results. In the [Method] area, tap...
Page 120 Searching For Positions Where a Trigger Condition Is Satisfied (2) With the [In] [Out] setting Measurement method: [Normal] [In] [Out] Upper limit value Upper limit value Lower limit value Lower limit value Measurement method: [Envelope] [In] [Out] Maximum Maximum Minimum Upper limit value Upper limit value Minimum Lower limit value Lower limit value The points where either the max. or min.
Page 121 Searching For Positions Where a Trigger Condition Is Satisfied -2. When you choose a logic channel under [Target channel] The instrument searches for positions where signals match the specified pattern. You cannot use this function when the envelope function is used. Trigger pattern LA3 LA4 Setting Description Condition  Positions where any one of the signals matches the specified search satisfied patterns are determined to be retrieved positions. Positions where all signals match the specified patterns are determined to be retrieved positions. Filter  Allows you to enter a filter width in the number of samples. Positions where a search condition is continuously satisfied during the 10,000 specified period are determined to be the retrieved positions. Trigger pattern  Ignores data. Searches for low-level positions. Searches for high-level positions. For the logic search, a retrieved position is a point where a condition that has not been satisfied changes to being satisfied. Thus, even if signals match a search pattern at the start of a search, it is not regarded as a retrieved position.
Page 122: Searching For Differences From A Fundamental Wave (Memory Hiconcierge)
Searching For Differences from a Fundamental Wave (Memory HiConcierge) 6.3 Searching For Differences from a Fundamental Wave (Memory HiConcierge) You cannot use this function when the envelope function is used. Using Memory HiConcierge allows you to detect differences from the specified fundamental waveform based on a histogram or standard deviation. > Tap the [Target channel] box, and then from the channel setting dialog box, choose a channel to be searched for differences. Tap the [Number of searched] box, and then enter the number of search results.
Page 123 Searching For Differences from a Fundamental Wave (Memory HiConcierge) Use the [Period setting] toggle switch to choose a period setting used for searches. Auto  Automatically detects the period. Allows you to tap the [Sample] box to enter the number of samples, which specifies a period. With the [Auto] setting, the instrument may not be able to determine a period depending on measured waveforms. If a fundamental wave have an unintended form, change this setting to [Any] and specify a period in terms of the number of samples in the [Sample] box. [Refresh fundamental wave] to display a fundamental wave. The instrument extracts a fundamental wave from the specified period and displays the wave on the screen. Choose a display order from the [Display order] list and enter the number of retrieved differences to be displayed in the...
Page 124: Jump To The Specified Position
Jump to the Specified Position 6.4 Jump to the Specified Position You can jump to the specified time, trace cursor position, section cursor position, event number, trigger point, or search mark. > In the [Method] area, tap [Jump] to set the search method to the jump method. Tap the [Type] box, and then from the list, choose a type to jump to. Event mark ...
Page 125 Jump to the Specified Position Tap [Execute]. The instrument put search marks at positions where the search condition is satisfied. [Event mark], you can jump to an event mark When [Type] is set to position. When [Type] is set to [Search number], you can jump to a search mark position. The jump-destination switching panel appears on the waveform screen. Change jump destinations using the [Search Pos.] switching panel to check jump results. You can change the retrieved positions by tapping [<] or [>].
Page 126 Jump to the Specified Position...
Page 127: Numerical Calculation Function
Numerical Calculation Function The instrument makes calculations using acquired waveform data to numerically displays calculation results on the waveform screen. The instrument can evaluate these calculation results on a pass/fail basis. No numerical calculation is available when the envelope is used. > [Calculation] > [Numerical calculation] Operation available on the [Numerical calculation] screen Numerical Calculation • Average • Pulse width • Angle of XY waveform Duty ratio • • (33 types in total) • •...
Page 128: Numerical Calculation Procedure
Numerical Calculation Procedure 7.1 Numerical Calculation Procedure The following two methods are available: Automatically making The numerical calculation settings must be configured before calculations after starting a measurement (not available when the real-time save is set measurement to on). Making calculations using The instrument can make calculations using waveform data that has existing data already been acquired and that saved on storage devices. Performing calculation during measurement Configuring the calculation Configure the calculation settings on the [Numerical (p. 128) settings calculation] screen. Set evaluation criteria to evaluate calculation results. (p.
Page 129 Numerical Calculation Procedure Making calculations using existing data (Loading data) (To load waveform data to use for calculation from a (p. 83) storage device) Configuring the calculation Configure the calculation settings on the [Numerical (p. 128) settings calculation] screen. (p. 140) Set evaluation criteria to evaluate calculation results. Performing calculations Choose [Execute]...
Page 130: Configuring The Numerical Calculation Settings
Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings 7.2 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings > [Calculation] > [Numerical calculation] Tap the [Numerical calculation] button to set it to [On].
Page 131 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Tap the [Type] box, and then choose a calculation type from the list.  The instrument does not perform any calculation. Average Average value of waveform data RMS value of waveform data Peak-to-peak value of waveform data Maximum Maximum value of waveform data Time to maximum Period of time elapsed from a trigger point to the time of the maximum value Minimum Minimum value of waveform data Time to minimum Period of time elapsed from a trigger point to the time of the minimum value Period* Period of waveform data Frequency* Frequency of waveform data Rise time* Rise time of waveform data...
Page 132 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Tap the [Area] box, and then from the list, choose an option for a save range. You can specify a calculation range for each calculation. Whole  Makes calculations using whole waveforms. Segment 1 Makes calculations using waveforms between cursors of Segment 1. Segment 2 Makes calculations using waveforms between cursors of Segment 2. After Trigger Makes calculates using waveforms obtained after the trigger. When choosing [Segment 1] [Segment 2], specify a calculation range with section cursors on the waveform screen. Refer to “2.2 Specifying the Waveform Range (Section Cursor)” (p. 28). When the instrument does not acquire any waveforms, perform another measurement and specify a range. Doing so allows you to make calculations using data acquired within the specified range from the next measurement. Tap a calculation target channel.
Page 133 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation target channels and setting contents of calculation conditions for each calculation type Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Average Target channel Allows you to specify (Analog, real-time waveform calculation target calculation) channels. Maximum Time to maximum Minimum Time to minimum With the [Area] Calculates an area or Standard...
Page 134 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Allows you to specify Period Target channel channels as calculation Frequency (Analog, logic, real-time targets. Pulse width waveform calculation) Duty ratio The instrument makes Level* calculations using values based on a period of time when a waveform crossed the level specified here. No setting is available for logic channels. Slope  Makes calculations using values based on No slope can a period of time when a be specified for waveform crossed the...
Page 135 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Allows you to specify Rise time Target channel calculation target Fall time (Analog, real-time waveform channels. calculation) Allows you to specify Time (%) which part of a (5%→95%  30% → waveform between the 95% → 5%  upper and lower limits 70%→30%) is used for calculating the rise time (or fall...
Page 136 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Allows you to specify Time to level Target channel calculation target Pulse count (Analog, logic, real-time channels. waveform calculation) Detects the time when Level* a waveform crossed the level specified here or a pulse count that crossed the level. No setting is available for logic channels. Slope  Detects a time when a waveform crossed the level specified here in the positive direction or a pulse count that crossed the level in the positive direction.
Page 137 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Allows you to specify Level at time Target channel calculation target (Analog, logic, real-time channels. waveform calculation) Allows you to set Method the time-specifying method. Allows you to enter Time Time  a time for obtaining a measured value with the trigger point position fixed at zero.
Page 138 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Allows you to specify Burst width Target channel calculation target (Analog, logic, real-time channels. waveform calculation) Detects rising edges Slope  and calculates a burst (Logic channels width. only) Detects falling edges and calculates a burst width. Filter(samples) Allows you to enter (Off , 10 to 10,000) duration used to ...
Page 139 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Time difference Reference channel, Target Allows you to specify Phase contrast channel the reference channel (Analog, logic, real-time and the target channel. waveform calculation) The instrument Level* calculates values based on times when a waveform crossed the level specified here. This setting is not available for logic channels. Slope  Makes calculations using values based on a period of time when a waveform crossed the specified level in the positive direction.
Page 140 Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Calculation type Setting Description Sample screen Arithmetic Calculation number Allows you to specify operations Calculation number 2 two numerical (No. 1 to No. 15) calculation numbers to use for calculations. Target channel Allows you to specify a target channel that has a numerical calculation number to use for calculations.
Page 141: Displaying Numerical Calculation Results
Configuring the Numerical Calculation Settings Displaying numerical calculation results You can check calculation results on the waveform screen. > [Numeric Calc.] • You can display or hide the screen of the numerical calculation results every time you tap the screen. • If no periods are found or a calculation is aborted, the character string [∗∗∗∗∗∗] appears instead of a calculation result. • For channels not specified as a calculation target, the character [–] appears. To save calculation results after measurement Refer to “Freely choosing data items to be saved and save files (SAVE key)” (p. 80).
Page 142: Evaluating Calculation Results On A Pass/Fail Basis
Evaluating Calculation Results on a Pass/Fail Basis 7.3 Evaluating Calculation Results on a Pass/Fail Basis You can specify evaluation criteria ([Up] and [Low]) to evaluate numerical calculation results on a pass/fail basis. Each numerical calculation can has different evaluation criteria. The waveform acquisition process varies depending on the recording mode setting ([Single] [Repeat]) and the stop condition specified to stop measurement according to an evaluation ([PASS], [FAIL], or [PASS & FAIL]). Configuring the calculation settings Starting a measurement Acquiring data Measurement repeats Performing calculations until the STOP key is...
Page 143 Evaluating Calculation Results on a Pass/Fail Basis > [Calculation] > [Numerical calculation] Tap the [Judge stop condition] box, and then from the list, choose a stopping condition applied according to judgments. PASS Stops measurement when a calculation result falls within a criteria range (pass judgment). FAIL Stops measurement when a calculation result is outside a criteria range (fail judgment). PASS & FAIL Stops measurement regardless whether a pass or fail judgment is given.  Tap the [Judge] box, and then from the list, choose whether or not to evaluate calculation results.
Page 144 Evaluating Calculation Results on a Pass/Fail Basis About upper and lower limit values You cannot specify an upper limit value lower than a lower limit value. Neither can you specify a lower limit value higher than a upper limit value. To record all calculation results Choose [PASS & FAIL] for the stopping condition.
Page 145: Displaying Evaluation Results And Externally Outputting Signals
Evaluating Calculation Results on a Pass/Fail Basis Displaying evaluation results and externally outputting signals The numerical calculation result screen of the waveform screen displays numerical calculation evaluation results. Values that fall within an evaluation criteria range: Pass judgment Values outside an evaluation criteria range: Fail judgment (highlighted in red) When a pass judgment is given When the external output terminals (OUT 1, OUT 2) are set to [Judge(Pass)], a PASS signal is output from the external output terminals (OUT 1, OUT 2). When a fail judgment is given When the external output terminals (OUT 1, OUT 2) are set to [Judge(Fail)], a FAIL signal is output from the external output terminals (OUT 1, OUT 2). A fail judgment is given when any one of the channels is judged to be a fail.
Page 146: Numerical Calculation Types And Descriptions
Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions 7.4 Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions Calculation Description type Calculates an average value of waveform data. �� = ∑ �� AVE : Average Average n: Number of data points ��=1 di: ith-point data acquired across a channel Calculates an RMS value of waveform data. When the scaling is enabled, the instrument scales waveform data before calculation. �� = √ ∑ �� RMS : Root-mean-square value �� n: Number of data points ��=1 di: ith-point data acquired across a...
Page 147 Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions Calculation Description type Calculates a A%-to-B% rise time (or a B%- to-A% fall time; unit: s) based on the 0% and 100% levels based on a histogram (frequency distribution) of acquired waveform data. The instrument calculates a rise time (or fall time) of the first rising (or falling) slope Rise time Fall time that appears in acquired waveform data. A: 5% to 30% When a range is specified with section B: 95% to 70% cursors, the instrument calculates a Rise time rise time (or fall time) of the first rising Fall time (or falling) slope that appears between cursors. You can specify values of A and B in percent. The values of A and B varies along with each other. When the value of A is 5%, the value of B is specified at 95%; when the value of A is 30%, the value of B is specified at 70%. Settings: R ise time (A% to B%) and Fall time (B% to A%) values in percent, Stat. Calculates a standard deviation of waveform data.
Page 148 Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions Calculation Description type Calculates an area enclosed by the zero-level (zero-potential) line and the positive-amplitude part of a signal waveform. When a range is specified with section cursors, Area the instrument calculates an area between the Method: cursors. Positive (Only the : Area positive- Cursor A : Number of data points amplitude part) ∑ Cursor B di: ith-point data acquired across • S = s a channel i = 1, di > 0 = Δt: Sampling interval Calculates an area enclosed by the zero-level (zero-potential) line and the negative-amplitude part of a signal waveform.
Page 149 Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions Calculation Description type Calculates an area (unit: V ) enclosed by an X-Y composite curve using the trapezoidal approximation method. The instrument calculates an area enclosed by the lines as X-Y area illustrated below. An area can be calculated even when no X-Y composite curve is Method: displayed. Trapezoidal You can specify a calculation range on a horizontal-axis (time-axis) waveform of each approximation channel using section cursors. The instrument calculates an area of an X-Y composite curve within the specified range (you cannot directly specify a range on an X-Y waveform using section cursors). When a Y data set corresponds to an X data set X-axis (Y = 0) End point Start point = − Area Area End point Start point X-axis (Y = 0) X-axis (Y ≤ 0)
Page 150 Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions Calculation Description type Calculates a duty ratio based on a time lag between the time when a waveform crossed the specified level in the positive direction and the time when it next crossed the specified level in the opposite direction, and a time lag between the time when the waveform crossed the specified level in the negative direction and the Level time when it next crossed the specified level in Duty ratio the opposite direction. Duty ratio × 100 [%] : Time from rising edge to falling edge (unit: s) : Time from falling edge to rising edge (unit: s) L evel, Filter, Stat. Settings: Counts the number of pulses that crossed the specified level in the positive (or negative) direction. For the pulse counts, it is considered as one count that a period between the point when a Level Pulse count pulse crossed the level in the positive direction and the point when the pulse crossed the level in the negative direction (otherwise, between that in the negative direction and in the positive direction). Settings: L evel, Slope, Filter Allows you to freely choose numerical calculation results and the instrument performs Arithmetic arithmetic operations of the results of your choice.
Page 151 Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions Calculation Description type Calculates the average of the maximum and Maximum minimum values of waveform data. Intermediate Intermediate [(Maximum value) + (Minimum value)] / 2 value value Minimum Calculates a value (amplitude) between a low Number of data points and high levels letting 0% and 100% of acquired High 100% waveform data be them, respectively, based on level Amplitude a histogram (frequency distribution). Amplitude (High level) − (Low level) level Calculates a ratio of a difference between the maximum (or minimum) value and a high (or Overshoot Number of data points low) level to a difference between a high and High low levels, which are calculated letting 0% and 100% level 100% of acquired waveform data be them, Overshoot respectively, based on a histogram (frequency Undershoot distribution).
Page 152 Numerical Calculation Types and Descriptions Calculation Description type Calculates an accumulation (unit: V) enclosed by the zero-level (zero-potential) line and a signal waveform. When a calculation range is specified with section cursors, the instrument calculates an Accumulation area between the cursors. Method: s s s Absolute value S: Accumulation Cursor A : Number of data points Cursor B ∑ |di| S = s + s di: ith-point data acquired across a channel i = 1 Calculates an accumulation (unit: V) enclosed by the zero-level (zero-potential) line and the positive-amplitude part of a signal waveform. Accumulation When a calculation range is specified with Method:...
Page 153: Waveform Calculation Function
Waveform Calculation Function The instrument makes calculations using acquired waveform data and pre-defined arithmetic expressions to numerically display calculation results on the waveform screen. Up to 16 calculations are simultaneously available. No waveform calculation is available when the envelope is used. • When the envelope is used • When the real-time save is set to [On] > [Calculation] > [Waveform calculation] Operation available on the [Waveform calculation] screen Waveform Calculation • Four Arithmetic operations +, −, ×, ÷ • Basic Absolute value, exponent, common logarithm, moving average, differential, integral, square root, cubic root, parallel move • Waveform parameter Average, maximum value, minimum value, level at time • Averaging Simple average, exponential average •...
Page 154: Waveform Calculation Procedure
Waveform Calculation Procedure 8.1 Waveform Calculation Procedure The following two methods are available: Performing calculation You have to configure the waveform calculation settings before during measurement starting measurement. Making calculations using The instrument can make calculations using waveform data that has existing data already been acquired and that saved on storage devices. Performing calculation during measurement Configuring the calculation Configure the calculation settings on the [Waveform (p. 154) settings calculation] screen. To automatically save calculation results, configure the saving (p. 74) settings before starting measurement. Starting a measurement Acquiring data When a trigger condition is satisfied, the instrument starts to acquire data.
Page 155 Waveform Calculation Procedure Making calculations using existing data (Loading data) (To load waveform data to use for calculation from a (p. 83) storage device) Configuring the calculation Configure the calculation settings on the [Waveform (p. 154) settings calculation] screen. Performing calculations Choose [Execute] to execute calculations.
Page 156: Configuring The Waveform Calculation Settings
Configuring the Waveform Calculation Settings 8.2 Configuring the Waveform Calculation Settings > [Calculation] > [Waveform calculation] Tap the [Calculation] button to set it to [On]. Tap the [Area] box, and then from the list, choose an option for a waveform calculation range. Whole Makes calculations using whole waveforms. ...
Page 157 Configuring the Waveform Calculation Settings Tap the color button to the right of the [Display] button, and then choose a display color of the channel from the color pallet. You can also choose the same color as lines acquired across other channels. [Scale] to the right of the color button. The [Scale Settings] dialog box appears. Tap the [Scale Settings] button to set the scale setting of calculation results to [Auto] [Manual].
Page 158 Configuring the Waveform Calculation Settings Tap the [Formula] box. The arithmetic expression setting dialog box appears. Enter an arithmetic expression. You can specify an arithmetic expression by combining numerical values, operators that includes the four arithmetic operations, calculation target channels, and constants Refer to “8.5 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings” (p. 167). The arithmetic expression you have specified appears in the screen. (1) Numbers, four arithmetic operations (2) Operators (3) Allows you to choose calculation target channels. (4) Allows you to enter constants (5-digit numbers). Tap [OK]. The arithmetic expression you have specified appears in the [Formula] box. (To make calculations using existing data) Tap [Execute]. (To make calculations during measurement) START A measurement starts. To automatically saving waveform calculation results after measurement Refer to “Automatically saving waveform data” (p. 74).
Page 159 Configuring the Waveform Calculation Settings Arithmetic expressions Name Operator Name Operator Absolute value FIR low-pass filter LPFFIR Exponent FIR high-pass filter HPFFIR Common logarithm FIR band-pass filter BPFFIR Moving average FIR band-stop filter BSFFIR Differential IIR low-pass filter LPFIIR Integration IIR high-pass filter HPFIIR 2nd-order differential DIF2 IIR band-pass filter BPFIIR 2nd-order integration INT2 IIR band-stop filter BSFIIR Square root Sine Cubic root Cosine Parallel move Tangent PLC shift PLCS...
Page 160 Configuring the Waveform Calculation Settings Arithmetic expression entry • The length of each arithmetic expression is limited to 80 characters. • You can directly enter a 30-digit numbers or less in arithmetic expressions (for [Constant], 5-digit number or less ). • If an expression you enter includes an error (its frame is filled with red), all calculation results become zero. • Entering a complex, long arithmetic expression causes a red frame to enclose the entry box. Divide an expression into two or more. ABS(CH(1,1)) + CH(1,2) × CH(1,3) − (CH(2,1) + CH(2,2)) × ABS(CH(2,1))/DIF(CH(1,1),1) • You can use calculation result Zi in other arithmetic expressions. However, expression Zn can include only result Zn-1 or earlier. Example: Expression Z4 can include result Z1 through Z3. When an expression includes any one of the following operators: MOV, SLI, DIF, DIF2, PLEVEL, ATAN2, and AVEEXP The operators above require a comma and second parameter to follow the first parameter, which is...
Page 161 Configuring the Waveform Calculation Settings When a filter calculation is used in an arithmetic expression Operator Setting Setting example LPFFIR Specify a cutoff frequency, To pass the CH1-1 waveform through the (FIR low-pass filter) the order of a filter, and a 128th-order FIR low-pass filter with a cutoff HPFFIR Kaiser window coefficient. frequency of 100 kHz and a Kaiser window (FIR high-pass filter) Setting range coefficient of 10 Cutoff frequency: LPFFIR(CH(1,1),100000,128,10) Refer to p. 179. Order of a filter: 2 to 400 Kaiser window coefficient: 0 to 20 BPFFIR Specify a lower and higher To pass the CH1-1 waveform through the (FIR band-pass filter) cutoff frequencies, the order 128th-order FIR band-pass filter with a lower BSFFIR cutoff frequency of 100 kHz, a higher cutoff...
Page 162: Defining Constants
Defining Constants 8.3 Defining Constants You can previously define constants to use in arithmetic expressions. > [Calculation] > [Waveform calculation] Tap the [Calculation] button to set it to [On]. Tap [Constant]. The numerical value entry dialog box appears. Tap a box that has an alphabet you want to allocate a constant to. The numerical value entry dialog box appears.
Page 163 Defining Constants Enter a constant. −9.9999E+29 −1.0000E−29, 0, +1.0000E−29 +9.9999E+29 You can specify a value to five or less significant figures. Use the numerical keypad, [+] button, and [−] button to enter. The instrument feeds constants you have defined to the constant display on the arithmetic expression setting dialog box. Tap [OK]. The numerical value entry dialog box closes.
Page 164: Operators Of The Waveform Calculation And Calculation Results
Operators of the Waveform Calculation and Calculation Results 8.4 Operators of the Waveform Calculation and Calculation Results : ith-point data in calculation results, d : ith-point data acquired across the source channel Waveform calculation Description type Makes calculations using operators specified from the four arithmetic operations, which Four arithmetic consists of addition (+), subtraction (−), multiplication (×), and division (÷). Multiplication signs (×) and division signs (÷) are represented as asterisks (*) and slashed (/), operations (+, −, × ÷ respectively. Absolute value (ABS) = | d (i = 1, 2, ..., n) Exponent (EXP) = exp (d (i = 1, 2, ..., n) For d...
Page 165 Operators of the Waveform Calculation and Calculation Results : ith-point data in calculation results, d : ith-point data acquired across the source channel Waveform calculation Description type The instrument shifts a waveform by a frequency (PLC) and delay time of PLCS, which are configured in the setting for Model MR8990 Digital Voltmeter Unit. Since digital voltmeter modules calculate averages of data acquired during periods specified in the NPLC setting, an observed waveform will lag behind waveforms Waveform shifting acquired with Model 8966 Analog Unit by a half of the NPLC setting. by a PLC delay time The PLCS calculation advances a waveform acquired with the digital voltmeter module specified in a digital by the delay time to compensate for the lag behind a waveform acquired with Model voltmeter module 8966. (PLCS) Note If the instrument find non-data part at the end of the calculation result, the instrument specifies zero volt there. = sin(d (i = 1, 2, ..., n) For the trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions, specify numbers in radians Sine (SIN) (rad).
Page 166 Operators of the Waveform Calculation and Calculation Results : ith-point data in calculation results, d : ith-point data acquired across the source channel Waveform calculation Description type The instrument makes 1st-order differential and 2nd-order differential calculations using 5th-order Lagrange interpolation formula to obtain 1-point data from 5-point values that includes before and after the point. to d The instrument differentiates data d considering them as the corresponding data to t for the sampling time t Note D ifferentiating a slowly oscillating waveform causes an increase in calculation results variation. In such a case, raise the second parameter of the function. The following equations hold when the second parameter equals one. Arithmetic expressions of 1st-order differential Point t = (−25d + 48d − 36d + 16d − 3d ) / 12h Point t = (−3d...
Page 167 Operators of the Waveform Calculation and Calculation Results : ith-point data in calculation results, d : ith-point data acquired across the source channel Waveform calculation Description type To calculate values of 1st-order and 2nd-order integration, the instrument uses the trapezoidal formula. The instrument integrates data d to d considering them as the corresponding data for to t the sampling time t Arithmetic expressions of 1st-order integration Point t Point t = (d ) h / 2 = (d ) h / 2 + (d ) h / 2 = I + (d ) h / 2 Point t...
Page 168 Operators of the Waveform Calculation and Calculation Results : ith-point data in calculation results, d : ith-point data acquired across the source channel Waveform calculation Description type This function requires an attenuation constant to be specified in the second parameter k. Calculates an exponential average of repeatedly measured waveform data sets. (First of repeated measurements) : i th-point data in exponential average results of the first measurement among repeated measurements : ith-point data obtained across a channel of the first measurement among repeated measurements (Second or later of repeated measurements) Exponential average − (AVEEXP) − m: N umber of repeated measurements : i th-point data in exponential average results of the mth measurement among repeated measurements : ith-point data acquired across a channel of the mth...
Page 169: Examples Of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings
Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings 8.5 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Obtaining an RMS waveform from an instantaneous waveform This section explains how to display a RMS waveform obtained through a calculation using a constantly oscillating waveform acquired across the analog channel (CH1-1). The instrument provides no calculations to obtain an RMS waveform from a waveform with a variable period. This example demonstrates a calculation for a waveform data with a period of 200 samples. > [Calculation] > [Waveform calculation] Tap the [Calculation] button to set it to [On]. Tap the [Area] box, and then choose [Whole]. Tap the channel to use for calculation, [Z1], to set it to [On].
Page 170 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Enter an arithmetic expression. SQR(MOV(CH(1,1)∗CH(1,1),200)) Number of sampling per period (Specify 200 when measuring 50-Hz commercial power with a sampling rate of 10 kS/s) Tap [OK]. The arithmetic expression setting dialog box closes and the arithmetic expression you have entered appears. [Execute] to execute the calculation. Press the START key to start a measurement. The instrument have acquired a waveform, then displaying the calculated waveform.
Page 171 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings To make calculations using previously acquired data Tap [Execute] in the waveform calculation screen.
Page 172: Fir Filter
Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings FIR filter How to configure the FIR filter setting For LPFFIR and HPFFIR, specify a channel number, cutoff frequency (default: 50 Hz), the order of a filter, and a Kaiser window coefficient in an arithmetic expression as follows. For LPFFIR: LPFFIR(CH(1,1),100000,128,10) For HPFFIR: HPFFIR(CH(1,1),200000,128,10) For BPFFIR and BSFFIR, specify a channel number, a lower and higher cutoff frequencies (default: 40 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively), the order of a filter, and a Kaiser window coefficient in an arithmetic expression as follows. For BPFFIR: BPFFIR(CH(1,1),100000,200000,128,10) For BSFFIR: BSFFIR(CH(1,1),100000,200000,128,10) • See Table A (p. 179) for settable upper limits of cutoff frequencies (you can specify a value less than half a sampling frequency, which depends on the time-axis settings). • For BPFFIR and BSFFIR, specify a lower cutoff frequency lower than higher cutoff frequency. • Specify the order of the FIR filter in the range of 2 to 400 (default: 128). Higher-order filters exhibit steeper cutoff characteristics; however, calculation requires a longer time. • Specify a Kaiser window coefficient in the range of 0.0 to 20.0 (default: 10.0). Specifying 0.0 exhibits no Kaiser window effect. A greater Kaiser window coefficient can reduce pass-band ripples due to filter amplitude characteristics, allowing a greater out-of-pass-band attenuation.
Page 173 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Example of an FIR low-pass filter (LPF) setting This section explains how to configure the Z1 calculation setting to pass the CH1-1 data through a 128th-order FIR low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 100 kHz (100000 Hz) and a Kaiser window coefficient if 10. (With a sampling rate of 500 kHz, which means a sampling period of 200 µs) > [Calculation] > [Waveform calculation] Tap the [Calculation] button to set it to [On]. [Area] to [Whole]. Tap the channel to use for calculation, [Z1], to set it to [On].
Page 174 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Specify an arithmetic expression. Tap the [Formula] box of [Z1] to display the arithmetic expression setting dialog box. Tap the [Filter] tab. The filter setting list appears. [Low Pass LPFFIR] of the calculation items. The [FIR Low Pass Filter] setting dialog box appears.
Page 175 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Tap the [Channel] box, and then choose a calculation target channel from the list (choose “UNIT1-CH1” of built-in modules). Tap the [Cutoff frequency] box, and then specify “100” for a number and “k” for a unit symbol. Tap the [Order] box, and then specify “128.”...
Page 176 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Tap [OK]. The instrument closes the arithmetic expression setting dialog box, redisplaying the [Waveform calculation] screen. The arithmetic expression you have specified appears in [Formula] box of [Z1].
Page 177: Iir Filter
Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings IIR filter How to configure the IIR filter setting For LPFIIR and HPFIIR, specify a channel number, cutoff frequency (default: 50 Hz), the order of a filter in an arithmetic expression as follows. For LPFIIR: LPFIIR(CH(1,1),100000,2) For HPFIIR: HPFIIR(CH(1,1),200000,2) For BPFIIR and BSFIIR, specify a channel number, a lower and higher cutoff frequencies (default: 40 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively), the order of a filter in an arithmetic expression as follows. For BPFIIR: BPFIIR(CH(1,1),100000,200000,2) For BSFIIR: BSFIIR(CH(1,1),100000,200000,2) • See Table A (p. 179) for settable upper limits of cutoff frequencies (you can specify a value less than half a sampling frequency, which depends on the time-axis settings). • For BPFIIR and BSFIIR, specify a lower cutoff frequency lower than higher cutoff frequency. • Specify the order of the IIR filter in the range of 1 to 64 (default: 2). Higher-order filters exhibit steeper cutoff characteristics.
Page 178 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Example of an IIR low-pass filter (LPF) setting This section explains how to configure the Z1 calculation setting to pass the CH1-1 data through a 2nd-order IIR low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 100 kHz (100000 Hz). (With a sampling rate of 500 kHz, which means a sampling period of 2 µs) > [Calculation] > [Waveform calculation] Tap the [Calculation] button to set it to [On]. [Area] to [Whole]. Tap the channel to use for calculation, [Z1], to set it to [On].
Page 179 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Specify an arithmetic expression. Tap the [Formula] box of [Z1] to display the arithmetic expression setting dialog box. Tap the [Filter] tab. The filter setting list appears. [Low Pass LPFIIR] of the calculation items. The [IIR Low Pass Filter] setting dialog box appears.
Page 180 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Tap the [Channel] box, and then choose a calculation target channel from the list (choose “UNIT1-CH1” of built-in modules). Tap the [Cutoff frequency] box, and then specify “100” for a number and “k” for a unit symbol. Tap the [Order] box, and then specify “2.”...
Page 181 Examples of Configuring Waveform Calculation Settings Table A Relationship among sampling rates, sampling frequencies, cutoff frequencies, and setting resolutions of cutoff frequencies (for both FIR and IIR filters) Upper limit of cutoff frequency Sampling Sampling Cutoff frequency Sampling rate period frequency setting resolution (Value less than this frequency can be set) 200 MS/s 5 ns...
Page 182: Explanations Of Filter Calculation
Explanations of Filter Calculation 8.6 Explanations of Filter Calculation Filter type Filter name Description FIRLPF (Finite impulse response low-pass filter) Allows low-frequency components to pass, thus eliminating high-frequency-component noise. IIRLPF (Infinite impulse response low-pass filter) FIRHPF (Finite impulse response high-pass filter) Allows high-frequency components to pass, thus eliminating low-frequency-component noise. IIRHPF (Infinite impulse response high-pass filter) FIRBPF (Finite impulse response band-pass filter) Allows specified frequency-band components to pass, thus eliminating low- and high-frequency-component noise. IIRBPF (Infinite impulse response band-pass filter) FIRBSF (Finite impulse response band-stop filter) Allows low- and high-frequency components to pass, thus eliminating specified-frequency-band-component noise. IIRBSF (Infinite impulse response band-stop filter) FIR filters (LPF, HPF, BPF, BSF) The finite impulse response filter is a digital filter whose impulse response is of finite duration.
Page 183: Filter Configuration
Explanations of Filter Calculation Filter configuration FIR filter configuration (nth-order FIR filter) IIR filter configuration (4th-order IIR filter) −b −b −b −b Delayer A component that delays input signals by one sampling time Adder A component that outputs the sum of two input signals Multiplier A component that outputs multiplication of a input signal by constant a...
Page 184 Explanations of Filter Calculation...
Page 185: Fft Calculation Function
FFT Calculation Function Using the FFT function allows you to analyze input signal data with respect to frequency through the FFT calculation. This function is useful to perform frequency analysis of a variety of signals, such as those from rotating objects, vibration, and sound. Refer to “14.2 FFT Definitions” (p. 280). The instrument can perform FFT calculation using data previously obtained and processed through waveform calculation, as well as that being acquired concurrently with measurement. Using Model 8968 High Resolution Unit or Model 8979 Charge Unit, which are equipped with an anti-aliasing filter, allows a cutoff frequency to automatically be set in conjunction with the frequency range setting. The FFT calculation function is not available in the following occasions: • When the envelope is used • When the real-time save is set to [On] Major features • FFT calculation frequency range: 500 mHz to 100 MHz • FFT calculation types (eight calculations) FFT calculation type Linear spectrum RMS spectrum Power spectrum 1CH Phase spectrum Cross power spectrum Transfer function Coherence function 2CH Phase spectrum • For FFT calculation using signals outputted from a sound level or vibration meter connected with the instrument, you can directly read values in decibels processed through calibration by configuring the scaling setting in the channel setting screen.
Page 186: Operating Procedure
Operating Procedure 9.1 Operating Procedure The following two methods are available: Newly performing You have to configure the FFT calculation settings before starting measurement before measurement. calculation. Making calculations using The instrument can make calculations using waveform data that has existing data already been acquired or that saved on storage devices. Newly performing measurement and calculation Configuring the calculation Configure the calculation settings on the [FFT calculation] (p. 186) settings screen. To automatically save calculation results, configure the saving settings. Starting a measurement Acquiring data The instrument acquires data when trigger conditions are satisfied.
Page 187 Operating Procedure Making calculations using existing data (Loading data) (To load waveform data to use for calculation from a (p. 83) storage device) Configuring the calculation Configure the calculation settings on the [FFT calculation] (p. 188) settings screen. (p. 18) Configuring the waveform screen display setting. Performing calculation Choose [Execute] to execute calculation.
Page 188: Enabling The Fft Calculation Settings
Enabling the FFT Calculation Settings 9.2 Enabling the FFT Calculation Settings > [Calculation] > [FFT calculation] Tap the [FFT] button to set it to [On]. Tap the [Points] box, and then from the list, choose an option for the number of calculation points. Refer to “Specifying the number of calculation points” (p. 188). Configure the basic FFT calculation settings.
Page 189 Enabling the FFT Calculation Settings To automatically save waveform calculation results after measurement Refer to “Automatically saving waveform data” (p. 74). To allocate a calculation result waveform on a sheet Refer to “1.4 Configuring the Sheet Settings” (p. 18). To toggle sheets on the waveform screen Refer to “Switching sheets on the waveform screen” (p. 20).
Page 190: Setting Fft Calculation Conditions
Setting FFT Calculation Conditions 9.3 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions This section describes how to configure the calculation condition setting. Specifying the number of calculation points The instrument performs an FFT calculation using data that contains the number of points you specified. > [Calculation] > [FFT calculation] • This calculation point setting automatically decides the frequency range and frequency resolution, Refer to “Relationship among frequency ranges, frequency resolutions, and the number of calculation points” (p. 189). • Increasing the number of calculation points enhances the frequency resolution; however, it also increases the time required for calculation. To perform calculation with the external sampling Set the external sampling to [On]. (p. 6) Tap the [FFT] button to set it to [On].
Page 191 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Relationship among frequency ranges, frequency resolutions, and the number of calculation points (1000 points to 10000 points) Number of FFT calculation points Sampling Sampling Frequency 1000 2000 5000 10000 rate period range Resolution Acquisition Resolution Acquisition Resolution Acquisition Resolution Acquisition (S/s) (Hz) (Hz) period (Hz) period...
Page 192 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Relationship among frequency ranges, frequency resolutions, and the number of calculation points (20000 points to 100000 points) Number of FFT calculation points Sampling Sampling Frequency 20000 50000 100000 rate period range Resolution Acquisition Resolution Acquisition Resolution Acquisition (S/s) (Hz) (Hz) period (Hz) period (Hz) period 200 M...
Page 193: Configuring The Window Function Settings
Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Configuring the window function settings You can choose a window function by which the instrument multiplies an acquired input signal. Using a window function reduces a leakage error. Refer to “Window function” (p. 285). The window functions fall into three major groups. • Rectangular window • Hann window • Exponential window • Hamming window • Blackman window • Blackman Harris window • Flat-top window Using a non-rectangular window function generally attenuates FFT calculation results. Compensating this attenuation for effect of the use of a non-rectangular window function can correct calculation results to an equivalent level of those multiplied by a rectangular window. > [Calculation] > [FFT calculation] Tap the [FFT] button to set it to [On]. Tap the open mark under [Detail].
Page 194 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions (When you choose [Exponential] in the [Window] box) Tap the [Attenuation rate] box, and then enter an attenuation rate. 0.1%  99.9% Noise superimposing on attenuating waveform is mitigated. 100% Attenuation rate: 10% Tap the [Compensation] box, and then choose a compensation method for an attenuation from the list.
Page 195: Configuring The Calculation Result Peak Value Settings
Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Configuring the calculation result peak value settings The instrument can display global or local maximum values of input signals and calculation results on the waveform screen. > [Calculation] > [FFT calculation] Tap the [FFT] button to set it to [On]. Tap the open mark under [Detail]. The FFT calculation advanced setting window appears. Tap the [Peak] box, and then from the list, choose a peak value type to be displayed. Does not display any peak values.
Page 196: Averaging Calculation Results
Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Averaging calculation results The averaging is a series of processes that include repeatedly acquiring waveforms, and then averaging them to make calculations using the averaged waveform. Using this function mitigates the effect of noise superimposed on waveforms and unstable factors. > [Calculation] > [FFT calculation] Tap the [FFT] button to set it to [On]. Tap the open mark under [Detail]. The FFT calculation advanced setting window appears. Tap the [Averaging] box, and then choose a averaging method from the list. ...
Page 197 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Relationship between FFT calculation types and averaging types : Enable, ‒: Disable Averaging Calculation type Simple Exponential Peak hold – – – Linear spectrum    RMS spectrum    Power spectrum    1CH Phase spectrum – – –...
Page 198 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Relationship between measurement modes and averaging types When the measurement mode is set to [Single] Repeatedly measures a waveform until the waveform acquisition count reaches the number specified in the [Averaging Number] box. Starting a measurement Acquiring data The instrument acquires data when a trigger condition is satisfied. (If no trigger setting is configured, pressing the START key allows the instrument to start to acquire data.) FFT calculation The instrument clips off a data set that contains a specified points, and processes the data set through the FFT. The message [Calculating] appears on the screen status bar.
Page 199 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions When the measurement mode is set to [Repeat] The instrument continues the measurement even if the waveform acquisition count has reached the Number] box. number specified in the [Averaging When the waveform acquisition count reaches, the instrument re-executes the averaging process and repeats measurements until you press the STOP key. Starting a measurement Acquiring data When a trigger condition is satisfied, the instrument starts to acquire data. (If no trigger setting is configured, pressing the START key allows the instrument to start to acquire data.) FFT calculation The instrument clips off a data set that contains a specified points, and processes the data set through the FFT. The message [Calculating] appears on the status bar of the screen. Averaging The instrument executes the averaging process.
Page 200: Fft Calculation Advanced Settings
Setting FFT Calculation Conditions FFT calculation advanced settings You can configure the FFT analysis setting that includes a type, channels, a waveform display color, and X- and Y-axes. > [Calculation] > [FFT calculation] Tap the [FFT] button to set it to [On]. Enter a comment in the [Comment] box. Number of characters that can be entered: up to 40 Tap the [Calculation Type] box, and then choose a calculation type from the list. ...
Page 201 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Tap the color button to the right of the [Display] button, and then choose a display color of the channel from the color pallet. [Scale] to the right of the color button. The [Scale Settings] dialog box appears. Tap the [Scale Settings] button to choose a Y-axis scale setting method. Auto Automatically set the Y-axis (vertical axis) scale from a calculation result.
Page 202 Setting FFT Calculation Conditions Tap the [X:] box, and then choose a X-axis scale from the list. Linear  Indicates a frequency on the linear-scaled horizontal axis. Indicates a frequency on the logarithmic-scaled horizontal axis. You can observe signals, such as sound and vibration, with the emphasis on a lower frequency range. When the instrument makes calculations using the external sampling, it displays the x-axis in terms with the number of data points. Tap the [Y:] box, and then from the list, choose an option for calculation data the Y-axis indicates. Selectable contents vary depending on calculation types.
Page 203: Making Calculations On The Waveform Screen
Making Calculations on the Waveform Screen 9.4 Making Calculations on the Waveform Screen To specify a range before calculation You can specify an FFT calculation range on acquired data. The default calculation range is the number of the FFT calculation points from the start of measurement. T-Y waveform Acquired time series waveform FFT waveform FFT calculation result FFT calculation selection Specifies an FFT calculation range on the displayed T-Y waveform. cursor You can specify a calculation range using the display format and split settings. Refer to “1.4 Configuring the Sheet Settings” (p. 18). : Enable, ‒: Disable Display format Split number Range specification Time series waveform T-Y waveform on single screen – * T-Y waveform on 2-split screen – * T-Y waveform on 4-split screen – * T-Y waveform on 8-split screen – * T-Y waveform on 16-split screen...
Page 204 Making Calculations on the Waveform Screen Tap the FFT calculation selection cursor displayed on T-Y waveform. White line: R ange of source data used for FFT calculation in proportion to displayed T-Y waveform Bar indicating the range being displayed in proportion to whole acquired data Gray bar: T-Y waveform position Blue bar: FFT calculation selection cursor position White line: Range of source data used for FFT calculation Drag the FFT calculation selection cursor to move it. White line: R ange of source data used for FFT calculation in proportion to displayed T-Y waveform White line: R ange of source data used for FFT calculation in proportion to the whole acquired data Blue bar: F FT calculation selection cursor position...
Page 205 Making Calculations on the Waveform Screen Execute an FFT calculation within a range specified wit the FFT calculation selection cursor. Any one of the following actions allows the instrument to perform an FFT calculation within a range newly specified with the FFT calculation selection cursor. • Tap [Execute] on the waveform screen. • Tap [Execute] on the FFT calculation screen. • Press the START...
Page 206: Fft Calculation Types
FFT calculation types 9.5 FFT calculation types Calculation types and display examples Linear spectrum The instrument makes a calculation using strength of input signals within each frequency band to plot it on a frequency-domain graph. Main uses: • To analyze peaks of frequency components of a waveform • To analyze signal amplitudes of each frequency amplitude Refer to “Calculation types and internal calculation formulas” (p. 212). Axis Display type Description Horizontal axis Linear Indicates a frequency on a linear scale. (X-axis) Logarithmic Indicates a frequency on a logarithm scale. Vertical axis Amplitude (linear) Indicates analyzed data on a linear scale. (Y-axis) Amplitude (decibel) Indicates analyzed data in decibels. (Reference of 0 dB: 1 eu)* Real part (linear) Indicates the real part of analyzed data. Imaginary (linear) Indicates the imaginary part of analyzed data.
Page 207 FFT calculation types When a sine wave is only inputted, the component level becomes approximately 1.4 times (3 dB) the overall value. To measure a signal using the same reference as the overall value, analyze it through the RMS spectrum or power spectrum. Refer to “ RMS spectrum” (p. 206) and “Power spectrum” (p. 207).
Page 208 FFT calculation types RMS spectrum The RMC spectrum calculates an input signal amplitude (RMS values) of each frequency band and plots the calculation results on a graph with a horizontal axis that indicates a frequency. The RMS spectrum shows the same calculation result as the power spectrum that logarithmically describes amplitudes in decibels. Main uses: • To analyze an RMS value of each frequency component included in a waveform. • Refer to “Calculation types and internal calculation formulas” (p. 212). Axis Display type Description Horizontal axis Linear Indicates a frequency on a linear scale. (X-axis) Logarithmic Indicates a frequency on a logarithm scale. Vertical axis Amplitude (linear) Indicates analyzed data on a linear scale. (Y-axis) Amplitude (decibel) Indicates analyzed data in decibels. (Reference of 0 dB: 1 eu)* Real part (linear) Indicates the real part of analyzed data. Imaginary (linear) Indicates the imaginary part of analyzed data. * ( Eu: engineering unit) The level is calculated using a reference value in terms with an engineering unit presently set. (For example, when the unit is set to volts, 0 dB is equivalent to 1 V.) Examples of waveforms Normal display...
Page 209 FFT calculation types Power spectrum The power spectrum calculates an input signal power of each frequency band and plots the calculation results on a graph with a horizontal axis that indicates a frequency. Main uses: • To analyze peaks of frequency components of a waveform • To analyze power levels of each frequency component Refer to “Calculation types and internal calculation formulas” (p. 212). Axis Display type Description Horizontal axis Linear Indicates a frequency on a linear scale. (X-axis) Logarithmic Indicates a frequency on a logarithm scale. Vertical axis Amplitude (linear) Indicates a square of analyzed data. It represents power components. (Y-axis) Amplitude (decibel) Indicates analyzed data in decibels. (Reference of 0 dB: 1 eu * ( Eu: engineering unit) The level is calculated using a reference value in terms with an engineering unit presently set. (For example, when the unit is set to volts, 0 dB is equivalent to 1 V Examples of waveforms Normal display Horizontal axis: logarithmic Vertical axis: amplitude (linear) Normal display...
Page 210 FFT calculation types Phase spectrum The phase spectrum analyzes phase characteristics of an input signal. Main uses: • To analyze the phase spectrum of channel 1 The phase of a cosine waveform is indicated using a reference of 0°. • To analyze the phase difference between channels 1 and 2 Refer to “Calculation types and internal calculation formulas” (p. 212). 1ch FFT: The 1ch FFT displays the phase of a signal obtained across channel 1. The phase of a cosine waveform is indicated using a reference of 0°. A non-synchronized time-domain waveform causes phase values to be unstable. 2ch FFT: The 2ch FFT displays the phase difference between channels 1 and 2. Positive values indicate that the phase of channel 2 leads channel 1. Axis Display type Description Horizontal axis Linear Indicates a frequency on a linear scale. (X-axis) Logarithmic Indicates a frequency on a logarithm scale. Vertical axis Amplitude (linear) Indicates analyzed data on a linear scale. (Y-axis) Examples of waveforms 1ch FFT Horizontal axis: logarithmic Vertical axis: amplitude (linear) 2ch FFT Horizontal axis: logarithmic Vertical axis: amplitude (linear)
Page 211 FFT calculation types Cross power spectrum The cross power spectrum finds a product of two input signal spectra. Common frequency components to both two signals can also be obtained. You can input a voltage waveform and current waveform to calculate power (active power, reactive power, apparent power) of each frequency band. Main uses: To analyze common frequency components to two signals Refer to “Calculation types and internal calculation formulas” (p. 212). Axis Display type Description Horizontal axis Linear Indicates a frequency on a linear scale. (X-axis) Logarithmic Indicates a frequency on a logarithm scale. Vertical axis Amplitude (linear) Indicates a square of an amplitude component of analyzed data on a (Y-axis) linear scale. Amplitude Indicates an amplitude component in decibels. in decibels (Reference of 0 dB: 1 eu (logarithmic) Real part (linear) Indicates a square of the real part of analysis data on a linear scale. Imaginary (linear) Indicates a square of the imaginary part of analyzed data on a linear scale. * ( Eu: engineering unit) The level is calculated using a reference value in terms with an engineering unit presently set.
Page 212 FFT calculation types Transfer function The instrument can obtain the transfer function (frequency characteristic) of a measurement system from an input and output signals. Main uses: • To analyze frequency characteristics of a filter • To analyze stability of a feedback control system • To analyze a resonance frequency of an object using an impulse hammer and pick-up sensor Refer to “ Calculation types and internal calculation formulas” (p. 212) and “Linear time-invariant system” (p. 281). Axis Display type Description Horizontal axis Linear Indicates a frequency on a linear scale. (X-axis) Logarithmic Indicates a frequency on a logarithm scale. Vertical axis Amplitude (linear) Indicates an input-to-output ratio on a linear scale. (no units) (Y-axis) Amplitude Indicates an input-to-output ratio in decibels.
Page 213 FFT calculation types Coherence function This function shows a ratio of components that have coherence with an input signal to whole components of an output signal. Values ranges zero to one. A coherence function of one shows that an input signal does not affect the frequency of an output signal. Main uses: • To analyze a transfer function • To analyze effects of each input signal on an output signals for a multi-input system. Refer to “Calculation types and internal calculation formulas” (p. 212). Axis Display type Description Horizontal axis Linear Indicates a frequency on a linear scale. (X-axis) Logarithmic Indicates a frequency on a logarithm scale. Vertical axis Amplitude Indicates a cause-and-effect relationship of relevance ratio between two (Y-axis) (linear) input signals, degree of which are presented by a numerical value that ranges zero to one. (non-dimensional) Examples of waveforms Normal display Horizontal axis: logarithmic Vertical axis: amplitude (linear) • A single measurement causes the coherence function to be one across the entire frequency range. Always execute the averaging process of the FFT function before measurement. •...
Page 214: Calculation Types And Internal Calculation Formulas
FFT calculation types Calculation types and internal calculation formulas Calculation type Internal calculation formula (real: real part, imag: imaginary part, log: logarithm) Does not make any calculation. 1/��(��) �� ( �� ) = ∑ �� ( �� ) �� ( �� ) = �� ( �� ) ��...
Page 215: Memory Division Function
Memory Division Function You can divide the internal memory into multiple blocks and store waveforms into them. Start block: Specifying a start block allows a waveform to be stored in other blocks without deleting previously measured waveforms. Reference block: You can overlay a newly acquired waveform with those retained in other blocks. Blocks to be used: Storing waveforms into multiple blocks can shorten dead times between blocks. The memory can be divided into up to 1024 blocks (the more blocks you divide the memory into, the shorter the recording length is). Normal Recording length Memory division With the number of blocks for use set at 5 Start block Block Recording length Displayed blocks Auto-save Reference block The reference block can be overlaid. The instrument saves blocks in a batch, creating an index files (SEQ). Loading an index file allows the instrument to load all saved blocks. Blocks used For manual save, you can choose whether to collectively save blocks used or to save only displayed blocks before saving data. (p. 80) You cannot use the following functions concurrently with the memory division function. • Real-time save (See p. 78.) • Stop trigger (See p. 90.) During use of the memory division, the instrument may switch the trigger output (TRIG_OUT terminal) to a low level or irregularly output signals. •...
Page 216: Configuring The Memory Division Settings
Configuring the memory division settings 10.1 Configuring the memory division settings > [Status] > [Condition] Tap the [Memory division] button to set it to [On]. Tap the [Division] box, and then enter the number of blocks the memory capacity is divided into. Default setting: 2 Tap the [Start block] box, and then enter the start block number.
Page 217: Configuring The Display Settings
Configuring the Display Settings 10.2 Configuring the Display Settings > [Status] > [Condition] Tap the [Reference block] button to set it to [On]. You can overlay waveforms stored in other blocks with the waveform stored in the displayed block. Tap the box to the right of the [Reference block] box, and then to choose a reference block number from the list. Default setting: 1 You can choose a reference block number less than or equal to the figure specified in the [Division] box (When waveforms are stored in blocks after measurement)
Page 218 Configuring the Display Settings Dead time (period during the instrument cannot sample data) When the memory division set is [Off] The instrument performs internal processes that include making calculations, displaying waveforms, and saving data at every waveform acquisition. These processes require a certain period of time as a dead time. The instrument does not sample data during dead times even at any occurrences of unpredictable phenomena. Recording length Dead time Period during which the instrument does not sample data to do internal and save processes When the memory division set to [On] The instrument acquires waveforms in blocks in a sequential order to save time the internal processes requires at every waveform acquisition.
Page 219 Configuring the Display Settings Auto-save for the memory division setting Measurement conditions Auto-save action • The numerical calculation is Makes various calculations, automatically saves data, and displays set to [On]. waveforms at every 1-block measurement • The waveform calculation is set to [On]. • The FFT calculation is set to [On]. • Sampling rate: Automatically saves data after a all-block measurement. 200 MS/s Other than above Automatically saves data and displays waveforms during measurement.
Page 220 Configuring the Display Settings...
Page 221: Configuring The System Environment Settings
Configuring the System Environment Settings You can configure the system environment settings for the instrument. IMPORTANT ® Do not change any Windows setting unless otherwise indicated in this document. Doing so may cause unstable system operation. > [System] > [Env.] Tap the [Drawing Start_Position] box, and then choose a start position of the scrolling display from the list. Left edge  Starts scrolling through waveforms from the left side of the waveform screen. Right edge Starts scrolling through waveforms from the right side of the waveform screen. Tap the [Display comments] button to choose a comment display setting.
Page 222 Tap the [Grid] button to choose a grid display setting of the waveform screen.  Displays the solid-line grid. Does not display any grids. Tap the [Waveform screen background color] box, and then from the list, choose a background color of the waveform screen. Black  Sets the background color of the waveform screen to black. White Sets the background color of the waveform screen to white.
Page 223 In the [Shortcut] area, tap the [S1] [S2] boxes in turn, and then from the list, choose an action allocated to each of the keys. Does not execute any action. Auto-range  Executes the auto-range. (Default setting for the S1 key) Trigger  Executes the forcible trigger. (Default setting for the S2 key) See entire Displays the recording length of waveforms so that they fit the single screen width. waveform A relatively long recording length may require a lot of time for displaying waveforms. Reset zoom Displays waveforms at the default display magnification. Undo Cancels the previous action, which restores the instrument to the previous setting.
Page 224 [Customize display]. The settings screen appears. To adjust the brightness Drag the [Adjust brightness level] slider to adjust the brightness. To automatically turn off the display (to blank the screen) Tap [Power & sleep]. (3) In the [Screen] area, tap the list box to choose a length of time after which the screen is blanked. (4) Tap the icon on the taskbar to restore the display to the [Env.] screen of the Recorder.
Page 225 [Date and time] ,and then set the clock. Refer to “2.10 Setting the Clock” of Quick Start Manual. Change the user interface languages. Tap [Language: English]. The setting dialog box appears. (2) Tap the [Language] box, and then choose a user interface language from the list. English , Japanese  (3) Tap [OK]. The instrument is turned off. (4) Press the power key. The instrument starts up with the display in the chosen language. Tap [Region]. Choose characters that represent the decimal symbol and the separator used in data included in waveform files (text format) and numerical calculation result files. Tap the [Decimal point], and then from the list, choose a character that represents the decimal symbol. Period .  Designates the period (.) as the decimal point. Comma , Designates the comma (,) as the decimal point.
Page 227: Connecting The
Connecting the Instrument to Computers Familiarize yourself with the section “Before connecting to an external device” in “Operation Precautions” of Quick Start Manual. This instrument is equipped with the Ethernet 1000BASE-T interface for LAN communications. You can control the instrument using computers or other devices connected to your network with 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX or 1000BASE-T cable (maximum length: 100 m). > [System] > [Comm.]...
Page 228 Operation available on the [Comm.] screen Configuring the LAN settings and connecting the FTP server function (p. 232) instrument via LAN (p. 227) Using an FTP client software installed on your computer allows you to transfer files from a • Connecting the instrument to your computer via the storage device inserted to the instrument to the network computer, and handle the files. FTP client function (p. 235) Using this function allows you to send data to the FTP server of the computer. The instrument can send waveform data on completion of each measurement. You can also send data •...
Page 229: Configuring The Lan Settings And Connecting The Instrument To The Network
Configuring the LAN Settings and Connecting the Instrument to the Network 12.1 Configuring the LAN Settings and Connecting the Instrument to the Network This section describes how to configure the LAN settings of the instrument and how to connect the instrument to your computer with a LAN cable. Be sure to configure the LAN settings before connecting the instrument to the network. When you change the settings while the instrument is connecting to the network, the IP addresses may fail to be unique or invalid address data may be transmitted over the network. For more information on how to connect the instrument to computers, refer to “2.6 Connecting the Instrument With Computers” of Quick Start Manual. IMPORTANT ® Do not change any Windows setting unless otherwise indicated in this document. Doing so may cause unstable system operation. Configuring the LAN settings with the instrument Items to be checked before configuring the LAN settings The required settings are different depending on whether to connect the instrument to an existing network or whether to establish a new network consisting of only the instrument and a computer.
Page 230 Configuring the LAN Settings and Connecting the Instrument to the Network Setting items > [System] > [Comm.] [Open PC settings.]. The Ethernet settings screen appears. Tap [Ethernet Properties]. The [Network Connections] window appears. (2) Tap [Ethernet]. Tap [Change settings of this connection]. The [Ethernet Properties] window appears. Tap [インターネットプロトコルバージョン 4 (TCP/IPv4)], which means “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)” in Japanese. (5) Tap [Properties]. The [インターネットプロトコルバージョン 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties], which means “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4 Properties)” in Japanese) window appears.
Page 231 Configuring the LAN Settings and Connecting the Instrument to the Network (6) Enter the necessary information. The IP addresses identify individual devices on the network. IP address Assign a unique address different from that of other devices. Subnet mask The subnet mask divides the IP address into the network address and the host address. Configure the subnet mask settings in the same way as those of other devices on the network. For network connection Default gateway When your computer to be used (host device) connects to another network than the instrument, specify a gateway device. When your computer connects to the same network, usually assign the same address as the default gateway in the computer communications settings. (7) Tap [OK]. (8) In the [Ethernet Properties] window, tap [OK]. Tap the [Close] ([×]) button to close the [Network Connections] (9) window. (10) Tap the icon on the taskbar to restore the display to the [Comm.] screen of the Recorder. Tap the [User name] [Password] boxes in turn, and then enter your authorization user name and password in each box These are used when you log in to the FTP of the instrument or use the web browser installed in the computer (When the authorization setting is set to [On]).
Page 232 Configuring the LAN Settings and Connecting the Instrument to the Network Renaming the computer This name in the [Current PC name] box identifies the instrument on the network. If necessary, change the computer name to a unique one among the network devices. > [System] > [Comm.] [Open PC settings.]. The Ethernet settings screen appears. Tap [Home]. ® The Windows settings screen appears. Tap [System]. [About] under System. [Rename PC], and then enter another name in the [Current PC name] box.
Page 233 Configuring the LAN Settings and Connecting the Instrument to the Network How to configure the LAN settings Follow this procedure in accordance with the intended usage. For details on each setting, refer to “Setting items” (p. 228). For details on your network including the IP address, contact your network administrator. Directly connecting Intended use Connecting the instrument to your network the instrument to your computer Connecting the instrument Connecting the instrument to the network using the to the network using the IP address automatically specified IP address.
Page 234: Managing Data In The Instrument With The Ftp Server Function
Managing Data in the Instrument With the FTP Server Function 12.2 Managing Data in the Instrument With the FTP Server Function Using the FTP client software installed in your computer allows you to transfer files from storage devices in the instrument to the computer, and manage the files with the computer. • The instrument is equipped with an FTP server. ® • You can operate the instrument using Internet Explorer or various free software. Precautions when the FTP is used • The FTP server of the instrument allows only one connection. Multiple computers cannot simultaneously access the server. • If no command is sent from the computer for more than one minute after the FTP connection has been established, the FTP session may time out. If a timeout occurs, reconnect the computer via the FTP. • The instrument interrupts an FTP session during real-time saving (during measurement). • Before inserting or removing an SD memory card or a USB flash drive, terminate the FTP connection first.
Page 235: Configuring The Ftp Sever Setting With The Instrument
Managing Data in the Instrument With the FTP Server Function Configuring the FTP sever setting with the instrument > [System] > [Comm.] [FTP server]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [FTP server] button to set it to [On]. Tap the [Access restrictions] box, and then from the list, choose an access restriction setting.
Page 236: Operating The Instrument With Your Computer (Ftp Server Function)
Managing Data in the Instrument With the FTP Server Function Operating the instrument with your computer (FTP server function) The following example shows how to operate the instrument with File Explorer on Windows 10. Run File Explorer on your computer. Click the File Explorer icon on the Windows 10 taskbar to start File Explorer. Enter an IP address. Click the address bar in File Explorer and enter an IP address. Enter the character string [ftp://] followed by the IP address. Log on to the FTP server. The Log On As screen appears when you have been registered your authentication user name and password in the communication screen or the instrument. Enter your user name and password to log on, Drag Download a file. Choose a file you would like to download from the file list. Drag the file to the download destination (press and hold the mouse left...
Page 237: Sending Data To A Computer With The Ftp Client Function
Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function 12.3 Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function The instrument is equipped with the FTP transmission function (FTP client). You can send data to the FTP server on the network. FTP transmission method Real-time save data transmission Automatically sends waveform data during measurement. Configure the real-time save settings and specify the save destination to [FTP]. Auto-save data transmission Automatically sends save target data on completion of the measurement, according to the auto-save settings. Configure the auto-save settings and specify the save destination to [FTP]. Transmission with the SAVE key Press the SAVE key automatically sends save target data. With the manual save settings, specify the save destination to [FTP]. • The date of a file sent to the computer is set at when the file was sent. • Transmission to all FTP servers is not necessarily guaranteed due to differences among servers. •...
Page 238: Configuring An Ftp Server Setting On A Computer
Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function Configuring an FTP server setting on a computer The following example shows how to configure the FTP server settings on Windows 10. ® ® The Microsoft Windows Home Edition does not include any FTP server. Use free software such as the FileZilla (trademark of another company) Server. • The setting contents may vary with environment. When necessary, refer to the help topics of the FTP server or consult your network administrator. ® ® • Microsoft Windows administrator privileges are required for setup. Enabling the FTP Click [Programs] [Control Panel]. Click [Turn Windows features on off]. The [Windows Features] dialog box appear.
Page 239 Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function Configuring the FTP settings Click [System and Security] [Control Panel]. Click [Administrative Tools]. Double-click [Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager]. Right-click on the item displayed under [Connections] on the left side of the screen to display the shortcut menu, then click [Add Site].
Page 240 Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function Enter site information. Example: [FTP site name]: [MR6000] [Content Directory]: Specify a directory in which data from the FTP client will be saved. Click [Next]. Specify the [Binding] [SSL] settings as follows: [IP Address] [All Unassigned] [Port] [21] [Start FTP site Select automatically] [SSL] [No SSL] Click [Next]. Specify [Authentication and...
Page 241 Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function Configure the access user setting Enter an FTP user name and password. Enter the [User name] [Password] specified here in the [Login] and [Password] boxes, respectively, of the FTP client setting screen of the instrument (see step 4 “Enter a login name and password to use for logging in to the FTP server in the [Login] and [Password] box, respectively.” in p. 241). Select [Computer Management] [Administrative Tools] mentioned in step (p. 237). Right-click [Users] under [Local Users and Groups], then select [New User]. Enter your user name, password, and the same password entered in the...
Page 242 Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function ® Configuring the Windows firewall settings Follow step (p. 237), and then select [System and Security] > [Allow an app through Window Firewall]. Select [FTP Server]. Select private or public, whichever connects with Model MR6000.
Page 243: Configuring The Ftp Client Setting With The Instrument
Sending Data to a Computer With the FTP Client Function Configuring the FTP client setting with the instrument > [System] > [Comm.] [FTP Client]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [Server] box and the [Port] button in turn. The key pad and numerical value entry dialog box appears. Enter a computer name or an IP address in the [Server] box. In the [Port] box, enter a port number with which the FTP server is operating if the number is not the standard number of 21. Enter a directory name in the [Directory] box. Specify a directory of the FTP server you would like to save data into. Enter a login name and password to use for logging in to the FTP server in the [Login] [Password] box, respectively.
Page 244: Operating The Instrument With A Browser Installed In A Computer
Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer 12.4 Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer You can configure the instrument settings, operate the instrument, and acquire data from a ® ® computer with a web browser such as Internet Explorer . Internet Explorer Version 8 or later is recommended. > [System] > [Comm.] [Web server]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [Web server] button to set it to [On]. Tap the [Access restrictions] box, and then from the list, choose an access restriction setting.
Page 245: Connecting Your Computer To The Instrument With A Web Browser
Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer Connecting your computer to the instrument with a web browser The following example describes how to connect your computer to the instrument with Internet ® Explorer on Windows 10. ® Start Internet Explorer on the computer and enter the character string [http://] followed by the IP address or the computer name in the address bar. When the IP address of the instrument is “192.168.0.3” Without With authorization authorization Main screen Enter your user name and password in the [User name] and [Password] box, Connects the computer respectively, to log in.
Page 246: Remotely Operating The Instrument
Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer Remotely operating the instrument Click [Remote] on the menu. The screen switches to the remote operation screen, and the screen displayed on the instrument appears as it is on the browser. The operation panel buttons conform to the buttons on the instrument. Clicking the screen with a mouse (same as tapping the screen of the instrument) allows you to remotely operate the instrument. Choose a screen update speed from the [Update Speed] list box. To save a screenshot, click [Screen Copy].
Page 247: Starting/Stopping Measurement
Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer Starting/Stopping measurement You can start and stop measurement Click [Start/Stop] on the menu. The [Measurement Start/Stop] screen appears. Choose an action. START Starts a measurement. STOP Stops the measurement. ABORT Forcibly stops the measurement. No post-measurement processes such as numerical calculations and automatic saving are performed.
Page 248: Configuring The Comment Setting
Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer Configuring the comment setting You can configure the comment setting. Click [Comment] on the menu. The [Comment setup] screen appears. From the [Comment setup] list box, choose a comment type. You can enter the following comments: Title Comment , Analog Channel, Logic Channel, Real-time Waveform Calculation, Waveform  Calculation Comment, FFT Calculation Comment Enter a comment in the [Comment] box.
Page 249: Acquiring Data From The Instrument
Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer Acquiring data from the instrument Data written in the memory of the instrument can be acquired. Click [Data] on the menu. The [Acquisition of measurement data] screen appears. Choose a data type. Binary, Text Choose a data range ([Section cursor]). Whole, Segment 1, Segment 2 Click [Download].
Page 250: Setting The Clock
Operating the Instrument With a Browser Installed in a Computer Setting the clock The time of the clock on your computer can be set by that in the instrument. You cannot the clock during measurement. Click [Time] on the menu. The [Synchronization] screen appears, and the time of the clock on the computer and the recorder (instrument) appear. Click [SET]. The time of the clock on the computer is set by that in the recorder (instrument). However, an error of one second may occur. Handling files You can transfer files in the instrument. Refer to “12.2 Managing Data in the Instrument With the FTP Server Function” (p. 232).
Page 251: Sending Email Messages
You can encrypt email attachments, such as screen data and waveform data, to prevent it from getting into outsiders. • If transmission conditions are frequently satisfied, email messages will also be sent frequently. • Data size of an email attachment may get extremely large. Depending on the communication environment, an email message cannot correctly be sent if the size is extremely large. • Email attachment data is encrypted in ZIP format by WinZip 128-bit AE-2 / AES encryption. Encrypted files can be unzipped by Corel WinZip (trademark of another company) or free software such as 7z. (The WinZip AES encryption is stronger and securer than the standard ® ZIP encryption; however, supporting software is limited. The built-in ZIP feature of Microsoft ® Windows cannot unzip encrypted files in this format.) • Files are encrypted by 128-bit AES encryption. Presently, this encryption method is sufficiently strong; however, Hioki does not guarantee that files are never decrypted. • Handle your encryption password so that outsiders could know. Note that you cannot decrypt any files if you forget your password or enter an invalid password. • When you have set or changed the password, send a test email message first to check whether you can unzip an attachment before actual use. • Encrypted ZIP files are not compressed. • When files are encrypted and zipped, sending email messages require a long time due to conversion time. • The instrument supports pop-before-smtp and smtp-auth ( ) as the PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 SMTP authentication (since the instrument does not support IMAP, SSL, or STARTTLS, you cannot send email messages to some mail servers, such as Gmail).
Page 252: Configuring The Basic Setting For Sending Email Messages
Sending Email messages Configuring the basic setting for sending email messages > [System] > [Comm.] [Mail settings]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [Mail settings] button to set it to [On]. Tap [Basic]. [Address1] to choose it, and then enter an email address in the blank box. To send email messages to multiple destinations, enter other email addresses in the [Address2] [Address3] boxes in the same manner.
Page 253: Configuring The Email Contents Settings
Sending Email messages Configuring the email contents settings Tap [Body]. Tap the [Title] box, and then enter a mail title. Tap the [Body] box, and then enter an email body. Tap the [Maximum attachment size] button, and then enter the maximum attachment size. ...
Page 254: Configuring The Authentication, Compression, And Encryption Settings For Email Messages To Be Sent
Sending Email messages Configuring the authentication, compression, and encryption settings for email messages to be sent Tap [Advanced]. Tap the [Encrypt attached file] box, and then choose an attachment setting from the list.  Attaches files in original format. Attaches ZIP-compressed files. ZIP+AES Attaches files in encrypted ZIP format. The instrument does not compress files. (To encrypt attachments) Enter an encryption password in the [Password] box.
Page 255 Sending Email messages Configure the authorization information settings. • When you choose [POP] Tap the [POP server] box and the [Port] button in turn, and then enter a POP server name and its port number, respectively. When the [POP server] is left blank, the instrument uses the figure entered in the [Mail server] box. and [Password] boxes in turn, and then enter an authentication user name and Tap the [Account] password, respectively. • When you choose [SMTP] Tap the [SMTP Server] box and the [Port] button in turn, and then enter a POP server name and its port number, respectively. Tap the [Account] and [Password] boxes in turn, and then enter an authentication user name and password, respectively. Check if an email message can normally be sent. Tap [Send test mail]. The instrument send a test email message that contains specified contents. Check if the specified destination can correctly receive the email message. If the specified destination cannot receive the email message, review your settings.
Page 256: Controlling The Instrument With Command Communications (Lan)
Controlling the Instrument With Command Communications (LAN) 12.6 Controlling the Instrument With Command Communications (LAN) You can externally control the instrument using commands via the communication interface. Communications can be established with a LAN connection. For details, refer to the Communication Command Instruction Manual on the accompanying application disc. Configure the LAN settings and connect the instrument before using the command communications. Refer to “12.1 Configuring the LAN Settings and Connecting the Instrument to the Network” (p. 227). > [System] > [Comm.] [Communication command]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [Communication command] button to set it to [On]. Tap the [Delimiter] box, and then choose a character code (line feed code) that represents the data delimiter.
Page 257 Controlling the Instrument With Command Communications (LAN) Tap the [Port number] box, and enter a port number in the range of 1002 to 49002. The last digit is fixed at [2]. Tap the [Character code] box, and then choose a character code setting from the list. AUTO  Automatically sets the character code. SJIS Sets the character code to SJIS. UTF-8 Sets the character code to UTF-8.
Page 258 Controlling the Instrument With Command Communications (LAN)
Page 259: Externally Controlling The Instrument
Externally Controlling the Instrument Read the section “Before connecting to an external device” in “Operation Precautions” of Quick Start Manual carefully. Connecting the external control terminals with external devices allows the instrument to start and stop measurement. This section describes the procedure and the external control terminal function to externally control the instrument. The terminals are referred to collectively as “external control terminals.” Signals inputted into the external control terminals can operate the instrument even when the key lock function is enabled. For more information about the specifications of the FFT calculation function, refer to Quick Start Manual.
Page 260: External Input And Output
External Input and Output 13.1 External Input and Output External input (IN1), (IN2) Externally inputting signals can start and stop measurement as well as save data. In factory default settings, the START signal is assigned to the IN1 terminal, and the STOP signal to the IN2 terminal. How to input signals Connect each of the IN1, IN2, and GND terminals to an external signal-outputting device with wires. Refer to “2.5 Connecting the External Control Terminals” of Quick Start Manual. > [System] > [External terminal] Tap the [IN1] [IN2] boxes in the...
Page 261: External Output (Out1), (Out2)
External Input and Output Connect the terminal and the GND terminal with each other, or input pulse waves or rectangular waves to the terminal. The signal have to be with a high-level voltage of between 2.5 V and 10 V, and a low-level voltage of between 0 V and 0.8 V. The low level of the input waveform controls the instrument.
Page 262 External Input and Output Tap the [OUT1] [OUT2] boxes in the [External out] area in turn, and then from the list, choose a signal output action. Choose a condition under which the instrument outputs a signal. Judge(Pass) Outputs a low-level signal when a pass judgment is given for the numerical calculation result. Judge(Fail) Outputs a low-level signal when a fail judgment is given for the numerical calculation result. Error Outputs a low-level signal when an error occurs. Busy Outputs a low-level signal while rejecting a START signal because the instrument is in the busy state such as performing a measurement and saving data. [Waiting for Trigger] Outputs a low-level signal while waiting for a trigger. The instrument continues outputting the signal for a pass/fail judgment (low-level output) until it starts the next measurement.
Page 263: Trigger Output (Trig.out)
External Input and Output Trigger output (TRIG.OUT) The instrument outputs a signal when it is triggered. You can use this signal to control multiple instruments, achieving synchronous operation. How to output signals Connect each of the TRIG OUT and GND terminals to an external signal-inputting device with wires. Refer to “2.5 Connecting the External Control Terminals” of Quick Start Manual. > [System] > [External terminal] In the [External trigger] area, tap the [Trigger out] box, and then from the list, choose a signal output method (the signal is outputted through the trigger output terminal).
Page 264 External Input and Output High 4.0 V to 5.0 V 10 kΩ TRIG OUT 0 V to 0.5 V Pulse width 100 kΩ When the auto-range function is used, the instrument is triggered, outputting the TRIG OUT signal. Be careful when performing auto-range measurement while using the TRIG OUT signals. During use of the memory division, the instrument may switch the trigger output (output signal from the TRIG_ OUT terminal) to the low level, or irregularly output signals. • Sampling rate: 200 MS/s to 1 MS/s • Recording (measuring) length: 5 ms or less...
Page 265: External Trigger Terminal (Ext.trig)
External Input and Output External trigger terminal (EXT.TRIG) Externally inputting the trigger signal can trigger the instrument. You can use this signal to control multiple instruments, achieving synchronous operation. How to an input signal Connect each of the EXT.TRIG and GND terminals to an external signal-outputting device with wires. Refer to “2.5 Connecting the External Control Terminals” of Quick Start Manual. > [Trigger] > [Common] Tap the [Trigger] button to set it to [On].
Page 266 External Input and Output [External trigger]. The setting dialog box appears. Tap the [External start trigger] button to set it to [On]. Tap the box to the right of the [External start trigger] box, and then from the list, choose which direction to used for reception of the external trigger. With the rising edge setting: [ With the falling edge setting: [ (3) Tap the [Filter] box, and then choose a filter setting from the list. Connect the EXT.TRIG terminal and GND terminal with each other, or input pulse waves or rectangular waves to the EXT.TRIG terminal. The wave have to be with a high-level voltage of between 2.5 V and 10 V and a low-level voltage of between 0 V and 0.8 V.
Page 267: External Sampling (Ext.smpl)
External Sampling (EXT.SMPL) 13.2 External Sampling (EXT.SMPL) Externally inputting the signal allows you to set the sampling rate at any value. How to an input signal Connect the external sampling terminal of the instrument and the sampling signal-outputting device with the SMB cable. Refer to “2.4 External Sampling (EXT.SMPL)” of Quick Start Manual. > [Status] > [Condition] Tap the [External sampling] button to set it to [On]. Tap the box to the right of the [External sampling] box, and then from the list, choose which...
Page 268 External Sampling (EXT.SMPL)
Page 269: Appendix
Information for Reference Purposes Appendix 14.1 Information for Reference Purposes Waveform file size (values for reference purposes) MEM file size (waveforms acquired without using the envelope) (MEM file size) = (Setting part size) + (Data part size) (Setting part size) = 1 87392 + 512 × [(Number of analog channels) + 4 × (Number of logic channels) + (Number of real-time calculation channels)] (Data part size) = { 2 × [(Number of analog channels other than Model MR8990) + (Number of logic modules)] + 4 × [(Number of Model MR8990 channels) + (Number of real-time calculation channels)]} × (Number of data points) Recording...
Page 270 Information for Reference Purposes REC file size (waveforms acquired by using the envelope) (REC file size) = (Setting part size) + (Data part size) (Setting part size) = 187392 + 512 × [(Number of analog channels) + 4 × (Number of logic channels) + (Number of real-time calculation channels)] (Data part size) = {2 × [(Number of analog channels other than Model MR8990) + (Number of logic modules)] + 4 × [(Number of Model MR8990 channels) + (Number of real-time calculation channels)]} × (Number of data points) × 2 Recording Number of channels used length (Points) 2.5 k 197 KB 208 KB 229 KB 271 KB 355 KB 523 KB 207 KB...
Page 271 Information for Reference Purposes Waveform (text) file size Size of files that contain data acquired without using the envelope (Text file size) = (Header part size) + (Data part size) (Header part size) = (About 14 KB at a maximum) (varies depending on the setting condition) (Data part size) = [24 + 14 × (Number of analog channels) + 32 × (Number of logic modules) + 14 × (Number of real-time calculation channels)] × (Number of data points) Recording Number of channels used length (Points) 2.5 k 235 KB 270 KB 340 KB...
Page 272 Information for Reference Purposes Size of files that contain acquired by using the envelope (Text file size) = (Header part size) + (Data part size) (Header part size) = (About 14 KB at a maximum) (varies depending on the setting condition) (Data part size) = 24 + [14 × (Number of analog channels) + 32 × (Number of logic modules) + 14 × (Number of real-time calculation channels) × 2] × (Number of data points) Recording Number of channels used length (Points) 2.5 k 270 KB 340 KB 480 KB 760 KB 1.4 MB 2.5 MB 400 KB 540 KB...
Page 273: Maximum Recordable Time When The Real-Time Save Is Enabled (Values For Reference Purposes)
Information for Reference Purposes Maximum recordable time when the real-time save is enabled (values for reference purposes) The maximum recordable time is expressed in the following equation. (Maximum recordable time) = [(Recording capacity) × (Sampling time)] ÷ [(Number of channels used) × 2] (Number of channels used) = [ (Number of analog channels other than Model MR8990) + (Number of logic modules) + (Number of Model MR8990 channels)] × 2 + (Number of real-time calculation channels) × 2 The maximum recordable times for saving data to each storage device are shown in the following table (assume that each storage device is empty). Since no capacity of the header of a waveform file is included, use about 90% of the recordable time provided in the table as a reference. Some conditions allow a long-term recordable time (1 year or more, shaded areas in the tables) to be set; however, the operation cannot be guaranteed because the warranty period or product life may disturb it.
Page 274 Information for Reference Purposes For saving data acquired without using the envelope on Model U8333 HDD Unit d: days, h: hours, min: minutes, s: seconds Number of channels used Sampling rate 10 MS/s 2 h 12 min 48 s – – – – 5 MS/s 4 h 25 min 36 s 2 h 12 min 48 s – – – 2 MS/s 11 h 4 min 0 s 5 h 32 min 0 s 2 h 46 min 0 s – – 1 MS/s 22 h 8 min 1 s 11 h 4 min 0 s 5 h 32 min 0 s...
Page 275 Information for Reference Purposes For saving data acquired without using the envelope on Model Z4006 USB Drive d: days, h: hours, min: minutes, s: seconds Number of channels used Sampling rate 5 MS/s 13 min 25 s – – – – 2 MS/s 33 min 32 s 16 min 46 s – –...
Page 276 Information for Reference Purposes For saving data acquired by using the envelope on Model U8332 SSD Unit d: days, h: hours, min: minutes, s: seconds Number of channels used Sampling rate 10 MS/s 53 min 20 s – – – – 5 MS/s 1 h 46 min 40 s 53 min 20 s – – – 2 MS/s 4 h 26 min 40 s 2 h 13 min 20 s 1 h 6 min 40 s...
Page 277 Information for Reference Purposes For saving data acquired without using the envelope on Model U8333 HDD Unit d: days, h: hours, min: minutes, s: seconds Number of channels used Sampling rate 5 MS/s 2 h 12 min 48 s – – – – 2 MS/s 5 h 32 min 0 s 2 h 46 min 0 s – – – 1 MS/s 11 h 4 min 0 s 5 h 32 min 0 s 2 h 46 min 0 s – – 500 kS/s 22 h 8 min 1 s 11 h 4 min 0 s 5 h 32 min 0 s...
Page 278 Information for Reference Purposes For saving data acquired by using the envelope on Model Z4006 USB Drive d: days, h: hours, min: minutes, s: seconds Number of channels used Sampling rate 2 MS/s 17 m 53 s – – – – 1 MS/s 35 m 47 s 17 m 53 s – – – 500 kS/s 1 h 11 m 34 s 53 m 47 s 17 m 53 s – – 200 kS/s 2 h 58 m 57 s 1 h 29 m 28 s 44 m 44 s...
Page 279: Scaling Method For Strain Gauges
Information for Reference Purposes Scaling method for strain gauges This section describes how to determine the scaling conversion ratio when measurement is performed with strain gauges and Model U8969 Strain Unit. The appropriate conversion equation into stress varies depending on how the strain gauges are used. Three methods are available: the 1-gauge (for a gauge), 2-gauge (for two gauges), and 4-gauge methods (for four gauges). The 2-gauge method is used for strain measurement involving temperature compensation. E: Young’s modulus, ν: Poisson’s ratio, e: Measured strain value Measuring tensile and compressive stress: Stress (σ) = E × e When 2- or 4-gauge method measurement is performed involving temperature compensation, position the gauges perpendicularly to each other. The stress (σ) is multiplied by 1 / (1 + ν) for the 2-gauge method, and 1 / [2 (1 + ν)] for the 4-gauge method. Measuring bending stress: Stress (σ) = E × e When 2- or 4-gauge measurement is performed involving temperature compensation, the stress (σ) is multiplied by 1/2 or 1/4, respectively.
Page 280 Information for Reference Purposes Mechanical properties of industrial materials Modulus of longitudinal elasticity (Young’s Poisson’s ratio Material modulus) E (GPa) ν Carbon steel (Carbon 0.28 to 0.3 content: 0.1% to 0.25%) Carbon steel (Carbon 0.28 to 0.3 content: 0.25% or more) Spring steel (Quenched) 206 to 211 0.28 to 0.3 Nickel steel 0.28 to 0.3 Cast iron 0.2 to 0.29 Brass (Cast) 0.34 Phosphor bronze 0.38 Aluminum 0.34 Concrete 20 to 29 Refer to “3.2 Converting Input Values (Scaling Function)” (p. 44).
Page 281: Example Of A Waveform Text File
Information for Reference Purposes Example of a waveform text file The waveform text file consists of a header and data. The header includes the following information: (1) Title comment (2) Recording length, sampling rate, trigger time (3) Channel number, module type, measurement range, LPF, channel comment, scaling (setting, conversion ratio, offset), invert Example of a saved file (data acquired without using the envelope) "Title comment"......................
Page 282: Fft Definitions
FFT Definitions 14.2 FFT Definitions The FFT, which stands for fast Fourier transform, is an efficient method to compute the DFT (discrete Fourier transform) from a time-domain waveform. The reverse process of transforming frequency data obtained through the FFT into its original time-domain waveform is called the IFFT (Inverse FFT). The FFT function performs various analyses using FFT and IFFT. Time and frequency domain considerations All signals inputted to the instrument are functions of time. These functions can be considered as a combination of sine waves at various frequencies, such as in the following diagram. Although observing a signal only as a the time-domain waveform may be difficult to analyze, you can easily understand its characteristics by transforming it into a frequency-domain graph. Amplitude Time-domain waveform Frequency Time Discrete Fourier transform and inverse discrete Fourier transform Let x(n) denote a discrete signal, X(k) denote its discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and N denote the number of calculation points. The relationships among them are as follows: �� ( �� ) = �� { ��(��) } = ∑ �� ( �� ) �� ...
Page 283 FFT Definitions The above relationships are represented on the following complex plane. Imaginary part F(k) ø(k) Real part Linear time-invariant system Consider a linear time-invariant (LTI) system that produces a response to a discrete time- y(n) domain signal x(n). ( �� ) = �� [ �� (��) ] following expression holds for any integer Ai where the equation �� The linear time-invariant system (hereafter referred to as LTI system) is a system in which the �� is the response to (n). (n) + A (n)] = A (n) + A (n) ..........(6) Let h(n) denote a system function of the LTI system, the relationship between an input and output is...
Page 284 FFT Definitions Aliasing When a measured signal oscillates at a higher frequency compared to the sampling rate you have chosen, the instrument may plot a false waveform oscillating lower than the actual signal with respect to a frequency once the signal frequency reaches a certain level. This phenomena, which occurs when a signal is sampled at a lower frequency than that defined by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, is called aliasing. Let f denote the highest frequency component of an input signal, and f denote a sampling frequency. The following expression have to stand. = 2f ..................(10) / 2, a lower frequency component Thus, if the input includes frequency components higher than f folds higher frequency components, resulting in an occurrence of false frequency components. The following figures show the results of spectrum analysis of composite waveforms that have components of 1 kHz and 3 kHz, and of 1 kHz and 7 kHz. If the instrument samples a signal that has frequency components of above 5 kHz (in this case, 7 kHz) at the sampling frequency f of 10 kHz, folded spectral components of 5 kHz or lower are observed. This example demonstrates that the difference between the 3 kHz and 7 kHz components is indistinguishable from one anther. Composite waveform of 1 kHz and 3 kHz waveforms sampled at 10 kHz Waveform shown on the screen Frequency Time (kHz) Spectrum waveform Composite waveform of 1 kHz and 7 kHz waveforms sampled at 10 kHz Waveform shown on the screen Frequency Time (kHz)
Page 285 FFT Definitions Anti-aliasing filter An input signal causes aliasing distortion if it includes the maximum frequency component higher than half the sampling frequency. Countermeasures against aliasing distortion includes using a low- pass filter that eliminates frequency components higher than half the sampling frequency. This low- pass filter is called the anti-aliasing filter. The figures below shows the effect of use of an anti-aliasing filter for a square wave input waveform. Without the anti-aliasing filter Time-domain input waveform Frequency analysis result Without the anti-aliasing filter Time-domain input waveform Frequency analysis result False spectral components are observed.
Page 286 FFT Definitions Averaging With the FFT function, averaging used the following expressions. (1) Simple average ( �� − 1 ) �� + �� Add acquired data sets in series and divides the sum by a acquisition count. �� −1 �� ...............(11) n: Acquisition count for averaging : nth averaging result : nth waveform data set (2) Exponential average ( �� − 1 ) �� + �� Calculates an weighted average such that newer data points contribute more than others. �� −1 �� ...
Page 287 FFT Definitions Window function The Fourier transform of a continuous system is defined to be the integral from negative infinity to positive infinity with respect to time as expression (15) provides. ∞ ��(��) = ∫ ��(��) �� −2�� −∞ ............(15) However, since expression (15) cannot apply to actual measurement, a certain finite interval is used for the integral range. Extracting a segment of a waveform is called window processing. The FFT function makes a calculation assuming that this finite interval of a waveform segment repeats periodically (as shown below). Time-domain waveform Time-domain waveform Number of specified points Number of specified points Time-domain waveform FFT-assumed waveform When the number of FFT calculation points is equal to an integer multiple of the input signal frequency, a single line spectrum is obtained. However, if the number is unequal to an integer multiple of the frequency (with the result that the FFT-assumed waveform has discontinuous points), spectral lines spread, resulting in failure of production of a line spectrum. This phenomenon is called the leakage error (as shown below). Time-domain waveform when the number of analysis points is equal to an integer multiple of the input frequency −100 −0.1...
Page 288 FFT Definitions The following figure presents an example of spectral analysis of a time-domain waveform multiplied by a window function. Multiplying the time-domain waveform by the window function eliminates discontinuous points on the waveform, obtaining the spectrum with a lobe similar to the line spectrum. Waveform obtained by multiplying the above-described waveform (“Time-domain waveform when the number of analysis points is unequal to an integer multiple of the input frequency” (p. 285)) by Blackman Harris window −100 −0.1 −200 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008...
Page 289 FFT Definitions Hamming window −20 −40 −60 −6 −4 −2 Frequency (1/W) Time-domain waveform Spectrum Blackman window −20 −40 −60 −6 −4 −2 Frequency (1/W) Time-domain waveform Spectrum Blackman Harris window −20 −40 −60 −6 −4 −2 Frequency (1/W) Time-domain waveform Spectrum Flat-top window −20 −40 −60...
Page 290 FFT Definitions The following example shows the analyses of input sine waves, which has a frequency of 1050 Hz and 1150 Hz, with different window functions. In this example, since the frequencies are close to each other, the rectangular window, which can yield a narrow main lobe, can separately display both frequencies; the Hann (also referred to as Hanning) window, however, which yields a wide main lobe, displays the two frequency component as a single component. −50 −50 −100 −100 1000 5000 10000 1000 5000 10000 Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Analysis using the rectangular window Analysis using the Hann window...
Page 291 Index Symbol Gateway .............. 229 IP address ............ 229 +Width ............ 129, 135, 149 Subnet mask ............ 229 −Width ............ 129, 135, 149 Computer name ............230 Concierge ............... 120 Conversion ratio ............46 Copy function............52 Cross power spectrum.......... 209 2-point setting ............46 Cursor value ............. 24 A.A.F.

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Mr6000-01

Hioki MR6000 Instruction Manual

1 Measurement Method

2 Operating the Waveform Screen and Analyzing Data

3 Advanced Functions

4 Saving/Loading Data and Managing Files

5 Configuring the Trigger Settings

6 Search Function

7 Numerical Calculation Function

8 Waveform Calculation Function

9 FFT Calculation Function

10 Memory Division Function

11 Configuring the System Environment Settings

Environment Settings

12 Connecting the

Computers

13 Externally Controlling the Instrument

Appendix

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Summary of Contents for Hioki MR6000