Table of Contents
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The following document was created by Charles Mount,
based on the 1968 Cessna Cardinal Pilot's Operating
Handbook. His story is as follows:
I built this manual as a challenge to myself as part
of one of those safety stand-downs, and typed it
word for word manually. I cleaned and inserted the
diagrams as best I could.
This may not be a page by page duplicate of the
original but is intended to be a word by word
duplicate. The TOC and index references are correct
for this document, not the original.
I've read through it a few times now and believe it
is word for word and correct, but the document can
always benefit from review by another set of eyes.
It really made me study my 68 owner's manual and better understand my plane and its
systems. As I did the indexes, I even found some index errors in the original that I
corrected in the Word doc.
For legal reasons, you should always use Cessna provided documentation to determine
the limits, performance and proper operation of your aircraft. This document is
provided for research, study and non-flying use only.
If future readers of this document notice any errors please bring them to my attention.
Chuck Mount
chuck@mountpoint.org
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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for Cessna 177 Cardinal
Summary of Contents for Cessna 177 Cardinal
- Page 1 As I did the indexes, I even found some index errors in the original that I corrected in the Word doc. For legal reasons, you should always use Cessna provided documentation to determine the limits, performance and proper operation of your aircraft. This document is provided for research, study and non-flying use only.
- Page 2 THERE ARE MORE CESSNAS FLYING THAN ANY OTHER MAKE ESSNA MODEL CARDINAL 1968 OWNER’S MANUAL WORLDS LARGEST PRODUCER OF GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT SINCE 1956...
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Page 3: Performance Specifications
PERFORMANCE – SPECIFICATIONS ============================================= *Model 177 ==== *Cardinal == GROSS WEIGHT 2350 lbs. 2350 lbs. SPEED: Top Speed at Sea Level 141 mph 144 mph Cruise, 75% Power at 9000 ft. 130 mph 134 mph RANGE: Cruise, 75% Power at 9000 ft. 755 miles 780 miles 48 Gal. - Page 4 We urge you to read it from cover to cover, and refer to it frequently Our interest in your flying pleasure has not ceased with your purchase of a Cessna. World-wide, the Cessna Dealer Organization backed by the Cessna Service Department stands ready to serve you.
- Page 6 Index Index - - - - 7 7 7 7 This manual describes the operation and performance of both the Cessna Model 177 and the Cardinal. Equipment described as “Optional” denotes that the subject equipment is optional on the Model 177. Much of this equipment is standard on the...
- Page 7 Figure 1-1.
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Page 8: Operating Checklist
Chapter 1 One of the first steps in obtaining the utmost performance, service and flying enjoyment from your Cessna is to familiarize yourself with your airplane's equipment, systems and controls. This can best be done by reviewing of this equipment while sitting in the airplane. Those items whose function and operation are not on the as our coverage in Section II. -
Page 9: Starting The Engine
STARTING THE ENGINE Mixture – Rich. Carburetor Heat – Cold. Master Switch – “ON.” Primer – 2 - 6 strokes (depending on temperature; none required when engine is warm. Primer Locked Throttle – Open 1/8”. Propeller Area – Clear Ignition Switch – “Start”. Release ignition switch to “BOTH”... -
Page 10: Normal Take-Off
TAKE-OFF NORMAL TAKE-OFF Wing Flaps – “UP” to “1/4.” Carburetor Heat – Cold. Power – Full throttle (applied smoothly). Airplane Attitude – Lift nose wheel at 60 MPH. Climb Speed – 90 MPH Retract flaps (if extended). MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF Wing Flaps –... -
Page 11: Before Landing
NOTE Maximum cruise RPM varies with altitude. For details, refer to Section V. Trim Tab – Adjust. Mixture – Lean when power setting is 75% or less. LET-DOWN Mixture – Rich. Power – As desired. Carburetor Heat – As required to prevent carburetor icing. BEFORE LANDING Fuel Selector –... -
Page 12: After Landing
NOTE For maximum braking effectiveness, retract flaps and hold control wheel fully aft. AFTER LANDING Wing Flaps – Up. Carburetor Heat – Cold. SECURING AIRCRAFT Parking Brake – Set. Radios and Electrical Equipment – “OFF.” Mixture – Idle cut-off (pulled full out). Ignition and Master Switch –... -
Page 13: Instrument Panel
INSTRUMENT PANEL 1. Marker Beacon Lights and 12. Cigar Lighter 26. ADF Indicator (Opt.) Switches (Opt.) 13. Defroster Knob 27. Tachometer 2. Flight Instrument Group 14. Autopilot Control Unit (Opt.) 28. Electrical Switches 3. Radio Selector Switches (Opt.) 15. Cabin Air/Heat Knob 29. -
Page 14: Description And Operating Details
Section II DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING DETAILS Chapter 2 The following paragraphs describe the systems and equipment whose function and operation is not obvious when sitting in the airplane. This section also covers in somewhat greater detail some of the items listed in the Check List form in Section I that require further explanation FUEL SYSTEM Fuel is supplied to the engine from two integral fuel bays, one in each wing. - Page 15 Figure 2-2...
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Page 16: Electrical System
NOTE Take off with the fuel selector valve handle in the “BOTH ON” position to prevent inadvertent take-off on an empty bay. However, during long range flight with the selector valve handle in the “BOTH ON” position, unequal fuel flow from each and bay may occur if the wings are not maintained in exactly level. - Page 17 Figure 2-3...
- Page 18 this are the battery contactor closing (external power) circuit and optional clock and flight hour recorder circuits which have fuses mounted near the battery. Also, the cigar lighter is protected by a manually-reset type circuit breaker mounted directly on the back of the lighter behind the instrument panel. A pair of automatically- resetting circuit breakers mounted behind the instrument panel protect the alternator field circuit and the optional turn-and-bank indicator or turn coordinator (and wing leveler) circuits.
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Page 19: Starting Engine
Windshield defrost air is supplied from the same manifold which provides cabin air; therefore, the temperature of the defrosting air is the same as the cabin air. A push-pull control knob, labeled “DEFROST”, regulates and the volume of air to the windshield. Pull the knob out as needed for frosting. Separate adjustable ventilators supply additional air;... -
Page 20: Magneto Check
TAXIING When taxiing, it is important that speed and use of brakes be held to a minimum and that all controls be utilized (See taxiing diagram, figure 2-4) to maintain directional control and balance. The carburetor air heat control knob should be pushed full in during all ground operations unless heat is absolutely necessary for smooth engine operation. - Page 21 Figure 2-4...
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Page 22: Power Check
TAKE-OFF POWER CHECK It is important to check a full-throttle engine operation early in the take-off run. Any signs of rough engine operation or sluggish engine acceleration is good cause for discontinuing the take-off. If this occurs, you are justified in making a thorough full-throttle, static runup before and another take-off is attempted. - Page 23 PERFORMANCE CHARTS Consult the Take-Off Data chart in Section V for take-off distances under various weight, altitude, headwind, temperature and runway surface conditions CROSSWIND TAKE-OFFS Take-offs into strong crosswinds normally are performed with the minimum flaps setting necessary for the field length, to minimize the drift angle immediately after take-off.
- Page 24 Normal cruising is done between 65% and 75% power. The power settings required to obtain these powers at various altitudes and outside air temperatures can be determined a using your Cessna Power Computer or the OPERATIONAL DATA, Section V. Cruising can be done most efficiently at high altitudes because of lower air density and, therefore, higher true airspeeds for the same power.
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Page 25: Short Field Landings
STALLS The stall characteristics are conventional and aural warning is provided by a stall warning horn which sounds between 5 and 10 MPH above the stall in all configurations Power-off stall speeds at maximum gross weight and aft c.g. position are presented in Section V as calibrated airspeeds since indicated airspeeds are unreliable near the stall. - Page 26 The maximum allowable crosswind velocity is dependent up on pilot capability rather than airplane limitations. With average pilot technique, direct crosswinds of 15 MPH can be handled with safety. COLD WEATHER OPERATION STARTING Prior to starting on a cold morning, it is advisable to pull the propeller through several times by hand to “break lose”...
- Page 27 Without Preheat: (1) Prime the engine six to ten strokes while the propeller is being turned by hand with the throttle closed. Leave primer charged and ready for a stroke (2) Propeller Area – Clear. (3) Master Switch – “ON”. (4) Pump throttle rapidly to full open twice.
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Page 28: Flight Operations
FLIGHT OPERATIONS Take-off is made normally with carburetor heat off. Avoid excessive leaning in cruise. Carburetor heat may be used to overcome any occasional engine roughness due to ice. When operating in sub-zero temperature, avoid using partial carburetor heat. Partial heat may increase the carburetor air temperature to the 32⁰ to 70⁰ range, where icing is critical under certain atmospheric conditions. -
Page 29: Operating Limitations
IFR day and night. An owner of a properly equipped Cessna is eligible to obtain approval for its operation on single- engine scheduled airline service under VFR. Your Cessna Dealer will be happy to assist you in selecting equipment best suited to your needs. - Page 30 MANEUVERS – UTILITY CATEGORY This airplane is not designed for purely aerobatic flight. However, in the acquisition of various certificates such as commercial pilot, instrument pilot and flight instructor, certain maneuvers are required by the FAA. All of these maneuvers are permitted in this airplane when operated in the utility category. In connection with the utility category, the following gross weight and flight load factors apply, with maximum entry speeds for maneuvers as shown: Gross Weight...
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Page 31: Airspeed Limitations
AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS The following are the certificated calibrated airspeed limits for your Cessna: Maximum (Glide or dive, smooth air) 185 MPH (red line) 145-185 MPH (yellow Caution Range arc) Normal Range 64-145 MPH (green arc) Maximum Speed, Flaps Extended Flaps "1/4"... -
Page 32: Fuel Quantity Indicators
Icing Range WEIGHT AND BALANCE The following information will enable you to operate your Cessna within the prescribed weight and center of gravity limitations. To figure the weight and balance for you particular airplane, use the Sample Problem, Loading Graph, and... -
Page 33: Sample Loading
Sample Airplane Your Airplane SAMPLE LOADING Moment Moment Weight Weight PROBLEM (lb.-ins. (lb.-ins. (lbs.) (lbs.) /1000) /1000) Licensed Empty Weight (Sample 1409 148.2 Airplane) Oil (8 Qts. - Full oil may be assumed for all flights) Fuel (Partial Fuel - 35 Gal. at 5 Lbs./Gallon) (Total Usable Capacity 23.5 48 Gallons) -
Page 36: Care Of The Airplane
Keep in touch with your Cessna Dealer and take advantage of his knowledge and experience. He knows your airplane and how to maintain it. He will remind you when lubrications and oil changes are necessary, and about other seasonal and periodic services. -
Page 37: Painted Surfaces
PAINTED SURFACES The painted exterior surfaces of your new Cessna have a durable, long lasting finish and, under normal conditions, require no polishing or buffing. Approximately 15 days are required for the paint to cure completely; in most cases, the curing period will have been completed prior to delivery of the airplane. -
Page 38: Aluminum Surfaces
ALUMINUM SURFACES The clad aluminum surfaces of your Cessna may be washed with clear water to remove dirt; oil and grease may be removed with gasoline, naphtha, carbon tetrachloride or other non-alkaline solvents. Dulled aluminum surfaces may be... - Page 39 180 days, whichever comes first. This inspection also is performed by your Dealer for you at no charge. While these important inspections will be performed for you by any Cessna Dealer, in most cases you will prefer to have the Dealer from whom you purchased the airplane accomplish this work.
- Page 40 Cessna Dealer Organization. The complete familiarity of the Cessna Dealer Organization with Cessna equipment and with factory-approved procedures provides the highest type of service possible at lower cost. AIRCRAFT FILE There are miscellaneous data, information and licenses that are a part of the aircraft file.
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Page 41: Fuel Strainer
SAE 10W30 is recommended for improved starting and lubrication during warm-up in cold weather.) Detergent or dispersant oil, confirming to Lycoming Specification No. 301E must be used. Your Cessna Dealer can supply approved brands of oil. -
Page 42: First 25 Hours
NOTE To promote faster ring seating and improved oil control, your Cessna was delivered from the factory with straight mineral oil (non- detergent). This “break-in” oil should be used only for the first 50 hours of operation, or until oil consumption has stabilized, at which time it must be replaced with detergent oil. - Page 43 EACH 100 HOURS SPARK PLUGS – Clean, test and regap. BRAKE MASTER CYLINDERS – Check and fill. SIMMY DAMPENER – Check and fill. FUEL STRAINER – Disassemble and clean. FUEL BAY SUMP DRAINS – Drain water and sediment. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE DRAIN PLUG – Drain water and sediment. VENT LINE DRAIN PLUG –...
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Page 44: Owner Follow-Up System
OWNER FOLLOW-UP SYSTEM Your Cessna Dealer has an owner follow-up system to notify you when he receives information that applies to your Cessna. In addition, if you wish, you may choose to receive similar notification directly from the Cessna Service Department. A subscription card is supplied in your aircraft file for your use, should you choose to request this service. -
Page 45: Operational Data
Remember that the charts contained herein are based on standard day conditions. For more precise power, fuel consumption and endurance information, consult the Cessna Flight Guide (Power Computer) supplied with your aircraft. With the Flight Guide, you can easily take into account temperature variations... -
Page 46: Stalling Speeds
AIRSPEED CORRECTION TABLE Flaps Up IAS-MPH CAS-MPH Flaps 1/4 IAS-MPH -------- -------- CAS-MPH -------- -------- Full Flaps ------- IAS-MPH -------- -------- ------- CAS-MPH -------- -------- Figure 5-1 STALLING SPEEDS Power Off MPH - CAS Angle of Bank Gross Weight 2350 LBS Condition 0⁰... - Page 47 TAKE-OFF DATA TAKE-OFF DISTANCE FROM A HARD SURFACE RUNWAY WITH FLAPS 1/4 At Sea Level & 59⁰F At 2500 Feet & 50⁰F At 5000 Feet & 41⁰F At 7500 Feet & 32⁰F Gross IAS at Head Total to Total to Total to Total to Weight...
- Page 48 Gross Weight - 2350 Lbs. CRUISE & RANGE PERFORMANCE Standard Conditions Zero Wind Lean Mixture ------------------------------ Cardinal ------------------------------ 48 Gal. of Fuel (No Reserve) Maximum cruise is normally limited to 75% power. Cruise speeds for the standard model 177 are 3 to Note: 4 MPH less than shown below for the Cardinal configuration.
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Page 49: Maximum Glide
LANDING DISTANCE TABLE LANDING DISTANCE WITH FULL FLAPS, POWER OFF, AND NO WIND ON HARD SURFACE RUNWAY At Sea Level & 59⁰F At 2500 Feet & 50⁰F At 5000 Feet & 41⁰F At 7500 Feet & 32⁰F Gross Total to Total to Total to Total to... -
Page 50: Winterization Kit
WINTERIZATION KIT For continuous operation in temperatures consistently below 20⁰F, the Cessna winterization kit should be installed to improve engine operation. The kit consists of two baffles to cover the side inlets of the cowling nose cap, and an additional baffle to partially cover the nose cap opening around the carburetor air... -
Page 51: Radio Selector Switches
power source can not be used as a source of power when checking electronic components. Just before connecting an external power source (generator type or battery cart), the master switch should be turned “ON.” The ground service plug receptacle circuit incorporates a polarity reversal protection. - Page 52 Figure 6-1 The installation of Cessna radio equipment provides certain autio back-up capabilities and transmitter selector switch functions that the pilot should be familiar with. When the transmitter selector switch is placed in the No. 1 or No. 2 position, the audio amplifier of the corresponding transceiver is utilized to provide the speaker audio for all radios.
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Page 53: Wing Leveler
AUTOPILOT-OMNI SWITCH When a Nav-O-Matic autopilot is installed with two compatible omni receivers, an autopilot-omni switch is utilized. This switch selects the omni receiver to be used for the omni course sensing function of the autopilot. The switch is mounted just to the left of the autopilot control unit located at the bottom of the radio stack in the center of the instrument panel. -
Page 54: Emergency Procedures
CRUISE Adjust power and stabilator trim for level flight. “ROLL TRIM” Control Knob –Adjust as desired. DESCENT Adjust power and stabilator trim for desired speed and rate of descent. “ROLL TRIM” Control Knob –Adjust as desired. LANDING Before landing, push “WING LVLR” control knob full in to the off position. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES If a malfunction should occur, the system is easily overpowered with pressure on the control wheel. - Page 55 TO OBTAIN TRUE AIRSPEED, rotate ring until pressure altitude is aligned with outside air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. Then read true airspeed on rotatable ring opposite airspeed needle. NOTE Pressure altitude should not be confused with indicated altitude. To obtain pressure altitude, set the barometric scale on altimeter to “29.92”...
- Page 56 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Chapter 7 Before StartingEngine, 1-1 A A A A Before Take-Off, 1-2, 2-7 ADF Bearing Indicator, 1-6 magneto check, 2-7 After Landing, 1-5 warm up, 2-7 Air Filter, Carburetor, 4-7 Brake Master Cylinders, 4-8 Aircraft before entering, 1-1 C C C C file, 4-5 Cabin Air/Heat Knob, 1-6...
- Page 57 Cold Weather Equipment, 6-1 E E E E ground service receptacle, 6-1 Electrical System, 2-3 static pressure alternate source alternator, 2-3 valve, 6-2 ammeter, 1-6, 2-3 winterization kit, 6-1 battery, 2-4, 4-7 Cold Weather Operation, 2-13 battery contactor, 2-5 flight operations, 2-15 circuit breakers and fuses, 1-6, 2-3 starting, 2-13 clock, 2-5...
- Page 58 Flight Instrument Group, 1-6 Heating and Ventilation System, Flight Operations, 2-15 Cabin, 2-5 Fuel and Oil Gages, 1-6 Hot Weather Operation, 2-15 Fuel Specification and Grade, inside Hydraulic Fluid Specification, inside back cover back cover Fuel System, 2-1 I I I I bay fillers, 4-6 bay, left and right, 2-2 Ignition-Starter Switch, 1-6...
- Page 59 Magnetos, 2-4 engine, 3-3 Maneuvers, Normal Category, 3-1 Operation, Cold Weather, 2-13 Maneuvers, Utility Category, 3-2 Operation, hot weather, 2-15 Map Compartment, 1-6 Operations Authorized, 3-1 Map Light, 2-5 Optimum Cruise Performance, 2-11 Marker Beacon Lights and Switches, Optional Radio Space, 1-6 Owner Follow Up System, 4-9 Master Switch, 1-6, 2-4 P P P P...
- Page 60 Right Fuel Bay, 2-2 painted, 4-2 System S S S S cabin heating, ventilation and defrosting, 2-5 Sample Loading Problem, 3-5 electrical, 2-3 Schematic, Fuel System, 2-2 fuel, 2-1 Securing Aircraft, 1-5 owner follow-up, 4-9 Selecter Valve, Fuel, 2-2 Service Ceiling, inside front cover T T T T Servicing Intervals Check List, 4-7 Servicing Procedures, 4-7...
- Page 61 Weight Wing Flap Switch, 1-6 empty, inside front cover Wing Leveler, 6-4 gross, inside front cover emergency procedures, 6-5 Weight and Balance, 3-4 operating check list, 6-4 loading graph, 3-6 operating notes, 6-5 moment envelope, 3-7 Wing Loading, inside front cover sample loading problem, 3-5 Winshield - Windows, 4-2 Wheel Bearings, 4-8...
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Page 62: Warranty
The repair or replacement of defective parts under this warranty will be made by Cessna or the dealer without charge for parts, or labor for removal, installation and/or actual repair of such defective parts. (Locations of such dealers will be furnished by Cessna on request). -
Page 63: Servicing Requirements
SERVICING REQUIREMENTS FUEL: AVIATION GRADE -- 80 / 87 MINIMUM GRADE TOTAL CAPACITY EACH BAY -- 24.5 GALLONS (24 GALLONS USABLE) (FILL TO SUIT CABIN LOADING CONDITIONS) ENGINE OIL: AVIATION GRADE: -- SAE 50 ABOVE 60⁰F SAE 10W30 OR SAE 30 BETWEEN 0⁰ AND 70⁰F SAE 10W30 OR SAE 20 BELOW 10⁰F (MULTI-VISCOSITY OIL WITH A RANGE OF SAW 10W30 IS RECOMMENDED FOR IMPROVED STARTING AND LIBRICATION... - Page 64 ESSNA “TAKE YOUR CESSNA HOME FOR SERVICE AT THE SIGN OF THE CESSNA SHIELD”. CESSNA AIRCRAFT COMPANY WICHITA, KANSAS...