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Thames & Kosmos 635213 Experiment Manual
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Thames & Kosmos 635213 Experiment Manual

Kids first biology lab
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E X PE R I M E NT M A N UA L
WARNING
and/or parts that may be harmful if misused. Read cautions on
individual containers and in manual carefully. Not to be used by
children except under adult supervision.
Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | +49 (0) 711 2191-0 | www.kosmos.de
Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com
Thames & Kosmos UK Ltd, Goudhurst, Kent, TN17 2QZ , United Kingdom | 01580 212000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk
— Science Education Set. This set contains chemicals

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Summary of Contents for Thames & Kosmos 635213

  • Page 1 E X PE R I M E NT M A N UA L WARNING — Science Education Set. This set contains chemicals and/or parts that may be harmful if misused. Read cautions on individual containers and in manual carefully. Not to be used by children except under adult supervision.
  • Page 2 SAFETY INFORMATION WARNING! Dear Parents! In this experiment kit, your child will discover WARNING! Parts in this kit have functional sharp points, corners, or edges. Do not injure yourself! Be careful when handling the dissecting needle, when cutting the wonders of the objects with the slicing tool (microtome) or other blades, and when working with microcosmos.

  • Page 3: An Experiment To Help You Hit The Ground Running

    “two-drop microscope.” Instead of the water drop lens, your microscope has plastic lenses installed in its optical tube, and the viewed object lies on a slide clamped in place beneath them. 635213-02-110816...

  • Page 4: What's In Your Experiment Kit

    › › › KIT CONTENTS What's in your experiment kit: Checklist: Find – Inspect – Check off You will also need: Description Qty. Item No. Water glass, plate, teaspoon, blotting paper (or paper Microscope 718326 towels), white paper (letter Tweezers 700595 size), newspaper, razor blade, Dissecting needle...

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Kids First Biology Lab › › › CONTENTS General Information ........Inside front cover A Word to Parents ..........Inside front cover An experiment to help you hit the ground running ....1 What’s in your experiment kit ............2 Microscopy Basics .............
  • Page 6 CHECK IT OUT Your Microscope’s Lenses In your microscope, the role of the water drops from first experiment is assumed by convex plastic disks known as optical lenses, located in the eyepiece and lower down in the nosepiece. Lenses magnify the objects that you place on the stage for examination, so they are the most important components in your microscope.

  • Page 7: Microscopy Basics

    Microscopy Basics In this chapter, you will be getting to know the microscope and all of its accessories. The most important parts of the microscope will be explained, and the experiments will help you learn practical tips for using the microscope and exploring the world of cells.
  • Page 8 EXPERIMENT 2 The first specimen: “natural fibers” YOU WILL NEED › Microscope › Natural fiber prepared slide HERE’S HOW 1. Remove the transparent protective cover from the lighting unit. The battery is already installed in the unit. To replace the battery, see the instructions on the inside back cover.
  • Page 9 Microscopy Basics 4. Rotate the nosepiece so that the objective lens with the lowest magnification (96x – EXPLANATION 144x) is above the slide. Use the fine adjustment knob to lower the objective lens When you look through the eyepiece, you all the way down and then gradually up will first just see a blurry image, or again until the image is sharp.
  • Page 10 CHECK IT OUT Introducing the Microscope Accessories prepared slide will be used right at the beginning and again later on in the detective chapter. Prepared slides are handy because they are ready-to-use and they can be quickly pulled out whenever you want to compare different kinds of samples.
  • Page 11 Microscopy Basics Cotton Silk Wool...

  • Page 12: Plant Bells

    Plant Cells What do all living things have in common? They breathe, they feed themselves, they grow, they reproduce, and they consist of tiny building blocks called cells. Most plant or animal cells are incredibly small. To study them, you need a microscope. That’s the only way that you can see and study all their tiny structures.
  • Page 13 Plant Cells EXPERIMENT 3 Onion skin cells under the microscope YOU WILL NEED › 1 Slide, 1 cover slip, pipette, tweezers › Blotting paper (or paper towel), water, razor blade, fabric tape, half an onion HERE’S HOW 1. Get all the materials ready and prepare the slide: Suction up a little water with the pipette and place a drop on the center of the slide.
  • Page 14 CHECK IT OUT Onion Skin and Chloroplasts An onion is composed of many layers, with each individual layer covered by a very thin skin. This skin has a silvery sheen and consists of just a single layer of cells. You can easily view this “prototypical”...
  • Page 15 Plant Cells The green color of plant cells comes from tiny leaf-green structures that biologists call chloroplasts. You can very easily study the way these green granules look and move in the elodea “waterweed,” a common aquarium plant. Its leaves consist of just two layers of cells, so they can be viewed directly under the microscope without any preparation.
  • Page 16 EXPERIMENT 4 Waterweed chloroplasts YOU WILL NEED › 1 Slide, 1 cover slip, pipette, tweezers › 1 Piece of blotting paper (or paper towel), 1 waterweed leaf, water HERE’S HOW 1. Prepare the slide as already described in the onion skin experiment (Experiment 3). 2.

  • Page 17: Cells In Cross Section

    Cells in Cross Section Every organ in our body has its own particular task: The heart pumps blood through the veins, the stomach absorbs food and starts the process of digestion, the bones support the body and the brain controls it all. With plants, by contrast, you will find many different structures depending on where the plant grows.
  • Page 18 EXPERIMENT 5 Pine needles, sliced thin YOU WILL NEED › 1 Slide, 1 cover slip, pipette, slicing tool, tweezers, dissecting needle › Water, pine needle HERE’S HOW 1. Prepare a slide and take the slicing tool out of the box. You will see a silver razor blade inside the slicing tool.
  • Page 19 Cells in Cross Section 2. Set the slicing tool on its base and turn the handle until you can no longer see the silver blade through the oblong openings. Insert the pine needle through one of the slicing tool openings. 3.

  • Page 20: Animal Cells And "Guinea Pigs

    Animal Cells and “Guinea Pigs” Right at the beginning of the manual, we said that all living things are composed of cells, and that there are smaller cells and larger ones. The question remains whether large living things have bigger cells than little ones.
  • Page 21 Animal Cells and “Guinea Pigs” EXPERIMENT 6 Human cell size comparison YOU WILL NEED › 2 Slides, 2 cover slips, pipette › Water, 2 clean cotton swabs, 1 permanent marker (for marking the slides) HERE’S HOW 1. Use the pipette to place a drop of water on the center of the first slide.
  • Page 22 EXPERIMENT 7 Different cell jobs, different cell shapes YOU WILL NEED › 2 Slides, 2 cover slips, dissecting needle, tweezers, pipette › Water, 1 small piece of raw meat with fat! HERE’S HOW 1. Prepare two slides by placing a drop of water in the center of each one with the pipette.
  • Page 23 Animal Cells and “Guinea Pigs” EXPLANATION The colorless fat cells are large round or oval shapes packed together in groups. They are almost completely filled with a droplet of oil — making them pure energy stores. It’s a completely different story with the muscle cells from the meat.

  • Page 24: Detectives On The Trail

    Detectives on the Trail The refrigerator door is ajar… all the gummy bears have been stolen off the birthday cake… the lemonade has been drunk up and somebody has taken bites out of the hot dogs… a hyena must have broken into the kitchen last night! Who was the hungry culprit? The first thing to do is to collect any possible pieces of evidence, such as hair or clothing fibers, from...
  • Page 25 Detectives on the Trail EXPERIMENT 8 Refrigerator detectives: Who was the perpetrator? YOU WILL NEED › Slides, cover slips, pipette, sample container, tweezers, “natural fibers” prepared slide › Water, various hair and fiber samples (from around the house), small plastic bags (reseal- EXPLANATION able), 1 permanent marker (for identifying the Each fiber reveals its own unique details...
  • Page 26 EXPERIMENT 9 On a “carpet safari” in your house dust YOU WILL NEED › 1 Slide, 1 cover slip, pipette, tweezers › Water, 1 sheet of white letter-size paper, “sample” from the vacuum cleaner bag, desk lamp, kitchen sieve HERE’S HOW 1.
  • Page 27 Detectives on the Trail EXPLANATION The number of legs that a dust mite has — you can see eight of them under the microscope — is an indication of the close relationship between mites and spiders. Along with scorpions, spiders, and ticks, mites belong to a family known as arachnids.

  • Page 28: Gateway To The Microcosm

    Gateway to the Microcosm Set off on a search for more of the tiny fellow inhabitants of our planet! Use your pipette to take water samples. Your sample container will be just the thing to carry them! The preferred hunting grounds for microorganisms are algae-filled pools, the edges of ponds, rain barrels, puddles, and plant pot saucers.
  • Page 29 Gateway to the Microcosm EXPERIMENT 10 “Fishing in the dark” 5. After about a week or two, bring your pond specimen collection station home in a bucket with your biological of pond water. Before you look at your “prey” under the microscope, wipe one side of each collecting station slide clean with a cloth.
  • Page 30 EXPERIMENT 10 EXPLANATION In pond water, you can find a multitude of living organisms — both plants and animals. In the summer, lots of organisms will have settled on the slides within one to two weeks. A lot of tiny water organisms will not swim around freely in the water.
  • Page 31 Gateway to the Microcosm CHECK IT OUT The World of Microbes in Our Water Systems The creatures living in puddles and ponds live in all kinds of ways and in all kinds of places. Algae usually float freely in the water in order to get as close as possible to the light.
  • Page 32 EXPERIMENT 11 Hunting for pollen in a honey sample YOU WILL NEED › 2 slides, 2 cover slips, pipette › 1 water glass, 1 teaspoon, 1 flat saucer, natural honey (ordinary quality from the supermarket), 1 permanent marker (for marking the slides), 1 piece of blotting paper (or paper towel), water HERE’S HOW 1.
  • Page 33 Gateway to the Microcosm Different kinds of pollen can have really different shapes: 1 acacia, 2 cuckooflower, 2 maple tree, 4 oak tree, 5 dead nettle, 6 beech tree, 7 chrysanthemum, 8 fir tree, 9 grass, 10 spruce, 11 dandelion, 12 hazel, 13 sunflower, 14 cow parsley, 15 pine tree, 16 buttercup, 17 heather, 18 apple tree.
  • Page 34 CHECK IT OUT Pollen Grains: The Calling Cards of Flowers As they fly around from flower to flower, honeybees collect the precious nectar from which they eventually make honey. At the same time, they also collect flower pollen to feed the bee larvae in the hive. Have you ever watched a bee that just visited a flower? As it emerges from the flower, it will often appear covered with yellow...
  • Page 35 Kosmos Quality and Safety More than one hundred years of expertise in publishing science experiment kits stand behind every product that bears the Kosmos name. Kosmos experiment kits are designed by an experienced team of specialists and tested with the utmost care during development and production. With regard to product safety, these experiment kits follow European and US safety standards, as well as our own refined proprietary safety guidelines.
  • Page 36 1st Edition 2012 © 2012 Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstrasse 5 – 7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany This work, including all its parts, is copyright protected. Any use outside the specific limits of the copyright law is prohib- ited and punishable by law without the consent of the publisher. This applies specifically to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic systems and networks.