Page 1 PLANAR TR1300/1, TR5048 and TR7530 Vector Network Analyzer Operating Manual Software version: 16.2.0 June, 2016...
Page 2: Table Of Contents
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION ......................6 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ...................7 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW ...................9 1.1 Description ......................9 1.2 Specifications....................... 9 1.3 Measurement Capabilities .................. 9 1.4 Principle of Operation ..................16 2 PREPARATION FOR USE ..................18 2.1 General Information..................18 2.2 Software Installation ..................18 2.3 Front Panel ......................20 2.3.1 Test Ports ....................
Page 3 4.3.3 Measured Data Setting ................45 4.3.4 Display Format Setting................46 4.3.5 Trace Scale Setting ..................46 4.3.6 Reference Level Setting ................46 4.3.7 Marker Stimulus Value Setting ..............46 4.3.8 Switching between Start/Center and Stop/Span Modes ......47 4.3.9 Start/Center Value Setting................47 4.3.10 Stop/Span Value Setting ................47 4.3.11 Sweep Points Number Setting ..............48 4.3.12 Sweep Type Setting................... 48 4.3.13 IF Bandwidth Setting................. 48 4.3.14 Power Level / CW Frequency Setting ............49 4.4 Channel and Trace Display Setting..............49 4.4.1 Channel Window Allocating................ 49 4.4.2 Number of Traces Setting ................50 4.4.3 Trace/Channel Activating................53 4.4.4 Active Channel Window Maximizing ............
Page 4 4.10.2 Averaging Setting ..................77 4.10.3 Smoothing Setting..................79 4.10.4 Max Hold function ..................79 5 CALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT..............80 5.1 General Information..................80 5.1.1 Measurement Errors................... 80 5.1.2 Systematic Errors ..................81 5.1.3 Error Modeling.................... 83 5.1.4 Analyzer Test Ports Defining............... 85 5.1.5 Calibration Steps ..................85 5.1.6 Calibration Methods ................... 87 5.1.7 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits ..........89 5.2 Calibration Procedures..................92 5.2.1 Calibration Kit Selection................92 5.2.2 Reflection Normalization ................93 5.2.3 Transmission Normalization ............... 96 5.2.4 Full One‐Port Calibration ................
Page 5 6.3.2 De‐embedding ..................132 6.3.3 Embedding ....................133 6.4 Time Domain Transformation ................. 135 6.4.1 Time Domain Transformation Activating..........136 6.4.2 Time Domain Transformation Span............137 6.4.3 Time Domain Transformation Type ............138 6.4.4 Time Domain Transformation Window Shape Setting ......138 6.4.5 Frequency Harmonic Grid Setting............. 140 6.5 Time Domain Gating..................141 6.5.1 Time Domain Gate Activating ..............142 6.5.2 Time Domain Gate Span ................143 6.5.3 Time Domain Gate Type ................143 6.5.4 Time Domain Gate Shape Setting ............. 144 6.6 S‐Parameter Conversion ................. 145 6.7 Limit Test ......................147 6.7.1 Limit Line Editing..................
Page 6: Introduction
INTRODUCTION This Operating Manual contains design, specifications, functional overview, and detailed operation procedures for the Network Analyzer, to ensure effective and safe use of its technical capabilities by the user. Maintenance and operation of the Analyzer should be performed by qualified engineers with basic experience in operating of microwave circuits and PC.
Page 7: Safety Instructions
The Analyzer is for INDOOR USE only. The Analyzer has been tested as a stand-alone device and in combination with the accessories supplied by Copper Mountain Technologies, in accordance with the requirements of the standards described in the Declaration of Conformity. If the Analyzer is integrated with another system, compliance with related regulations and safety requirements are to be confirmed by the builder of the system.
Page 8 1BSAFETY INSTRUCTIONS The definitions of safety symbols used on the instrument and in the Manual are listed below. Refer to the Manual if the instrument is marked with this symbol. On (Supply). Off (Supply). A chassis terminal; a connection to the instrument’s chassis, which includes all exposed metal surfaces.
Page 9: 1 General Overview
1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.1 Description The Planar TR1300/1, TR5048 and TR7530 Network Analyzers are designed for use in the process of development, adjustment and testing of various electronic devices in industrial and laboratory facilities, including operation as a component of an automated measurement system.
Page 10 Power settings Source power from -55 dBm to +5 dBm (from -55 dBm to +3 dBm Planar TR1300/1) with resolution of 0.05 dB. In frequency sweep mode the power slope can be set to up to 2 dB/GHz to compensate high frequency attenuation in cables.
Page 11 2BGENERAL OVERVIEW Accuracy enhancement Calibration Calibration of a test setup (which includes the Analyzer, cables, adapters) significantly increases accuracy measurements. Calibration allows to correct the errors caused by imperfections in the measurement system: system directivity, source and load match, tracking and isolation.
Page 12 2BGENERAL OVERVIEW Error correction When the user changes settings such as start/stop interpolation frequencies number sweep points, compared settings calibration, interpolation or extrapolation of the calibration coefficients will be applied. Supplemental calibration methods Power calibration Method of calibration, which allows to maintain more stable power levels at the DUT input.
Page 13 2BGENERAL OVERVIEW RF filter Displays insertion loss and peak-to-peak ripple of the passband, and the maximum signal magnitude in the stopband. The passband and stopband are defined by two pairs of markers. Data analysis Port impedance The function converts S-parameters measured at conversion 50 Ω...
Page 14 2BGENERAL OVERVIEW Time domain gating The function mathematically removes unwanted responses in time domain, allowing to obtain frequency response without the influence of the fixture elements. The function applies a reverse transformation back to the frequency domain from the user-defined span in the time domain. Gating filter types: bandpass or notch.
Page 15 2BGENERAL OVERVIEW Remote control COM/DCOM Remote control over COM/DCOM. COM automation runs the user program on an Analyzer PC. DCOM automation runs the user program on a LAN- networked PC. 15 ...
Page 16: Principle Of Operation
2BGENERAL OVERVIEW 1.4 Principle of Operation The Vector Network Analyzer consists of the Analyzer Unit, some supplementary accessories, and personal computer (which is not supplied with the package). The Analyzer Unit is connected to PC via USB-interface. The block diagram of the Analyzer is represented in Figure 1.1.
Page 17 2BGENERAL OVERVIEW 17 ...
Page 18: 2 Preparation For Use
2 PREPARATION FOR USE 2.1 General Information Unpack the Analyzer and other accessories. Connect the earth terminal to the earth protection. Then connect your Analyzer to power source by means of the Mains Adapter supplied with the instrument. Connect the USB-port of your Analyzer to the PC using the USB Cable supplied in the package.
Page 19 PREPARATION FOR USE The procedure of the software installation is broken up into two steps. The first one is the driver installation. The second step comprises installation of the program, documentation and other files. Driver installation Connect the Analyzer to your PC via the supplied USB cable.
Page 20: Front Panel
PREPARATION FOR USE 2.3 Front Panel The front view of Analyzer is represented in Figure 2.1. The front panel is equipped with the following parts:  Test ports ;  Power Switch (TR5048, TR7530 only);  Power LED;  Indicator LEDs (TR5048, TR7530 only). Figure 2.1 Analyzer front panel 20 ...
Page 21: Test Ports
PREPARATION FOR USE 2.3.1 Test Ports The type-N 50 Ω (type-N 75 Ω) test port 1 and test port 2 are intended for DUT connection. As the test port 1 is used as a source of the stimulus signal and the test port 2 is used as a receiver of the response signal of the DUT.
Page 22: Rear Panel
The rear view of the Analyzer is shown in Figure 2.2. Descriptions of the elements of the rear panel is provided below the figure:  Power cable receptacle;  Power Switch (Planar TR1300/1);  External Reference Frequency connector;  External Trigger (TR5048, TR7530 only);...
Page 23: Power Cable Receptacle
PREPARATION FOR USE 2.4.1 Power Cable Receptacle Please connect an external DC power supply voltage from 9 to 15 V. The power supply can be powered by a battery, including a vehicle battery, through an appropriate vehicle power cable. In case of emergency, to avoid danger of electric CAUTION shock or the like, pull the power cable receptacle of the instrument.
Page 24: 3 Getting Started
3 GETTING STARTED This section represents a sample session of the Analyzer. It describes the main techniques of measurement of reflection coefficient parameters of the DUT. SWR and reflection coefficient phase of the DUT will be analyzed. For reflection coefficient measurement only one test port of the Analyzer is used. The instrument sends the stimulus to the input of the DUT and then receives the reflected wave.
Page 25: Analyzer Preparation For Reflection Measurement
4BGETTING STARTED In this section the control over Analyzer is performed by the softkeys located in the right-hand part of the Note screen. 3.1 Analyzer Preparation for Reflection Measurement Turn on the Analyzer and warm it up for the period of time stated in the specifications.
Page 26: If Bandwidth Setting
4BGETTING STARTED To set the start frequency of the frequency range to 10 MHz, use the following softkeys: Stimulus > Start. Then enter «1», «0», «M» from the keyboard. Complete the setting by pressing «Enter» key. To set the stop frequency of the frequency range to 1 GHz, use the following softkeys: Stimulus >...
Page 27: Number Of Traces, Measured Parameter And Display Format Setting
4BGETTING STARTED To return to the main menu, click the top softkey (colored in blue). 3.5 Number of Traces, Measured Parameter and Display Format Setting In the current example, two traces are used for simultaneous display of the two parameters (SWR and reflection coefficient phase). To add the second trace, use the following softkeys: Trace >...
Page 28 4BGETTING STARTED Then assign SWR display format to the first trace and reflection coefficient phase display format to the second trace. To set the active trace display format, use the following softkeys: Response > Format > SWR (for the first trace), Response > Format > Phase (for the second trace).
Page 29: Trace Scale Setting
4BGETTING STARTED 3.6 Trace Scale Setting For a convenience in operation, change the trace scale using automatic scaling function. To set the scale of the active trace by the autoscaling function, use the following softkeys: Scale > Auto Scale. To return to the main menu, click the top softkey (colored in blue).
Page 30 4BGETTING STARTED Figure 3.2 Full 1-port calibration circuit In the current example Agilent 85032E calibration kit is used. To select the calibration kit, use the following softkeys: Calibration > Cal Kit. Then select the required kit from the table in the bottom of the screen. To perform full 1-port calibration, execute measurements of the three standards.
Page 31 4BGETTING STARTED Connect a SHORT standard and click Short. Connect a LOAD standard and click Load. To complete the calibration procedure and calculate the table of calibration coefficients, click Apply softkey. Then connect the DUT to the Analyzer port again. 31 ...
Page 32: Swr And Reflection Coefficient Phase Analysis Using Markers
4BGETTING STARTED 3.8 SWR and Reflection Coefficient Phase Analysis Using Markers This section describes how to determine the measurement values at three frequency points using markers. The Analyzer screen view is shown in Figure 3.3. In the current example, a reflection standard of SWR = 1.2 is used as a DUT. Figure 3.3 SWR and reflection coefficient phase measurement example To enable a new marker, use the following softkeys: Markers >...
Page 33: 4 Measurement Conditions Setting
4 MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.1 Screen Layout and Functions The screen layout is represented in Figure 4.1. In this section you will find detailed description of the softkey menu bar, menu bar, and instrument status bar. The channel windows will be described in the following section. Figure 4.1 Analyzer screen layout 4.1.1 Softkey Menu Bar The softkey menu bar in the right-hand side of the screen is the main menu of the...
Page 34 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING You can manipulate the menu softkeys using a mouse. Also you can navigate the menu by «Up arrow», «Down arrow», «Left arrow», «Right arrow», «Enter», «Esc», «Space» keys on the external keyboard. The types of the softkeys are described below: The top softkey is the menu title key.
Page 35: Menu Bar
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING To navigate in the softkey menu, you can also (additionally to «Up arrow », «Down arrow») use «Left arrow», «Right arrow», «Esc», «Home» keys of the keyboard:  «Left arrow» key brings up the upper level of the menu; ...
Page 36 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING Table 4.1 Messages in the instrument status bar Field Message Instrument Status Description No communication between DSP and Not Ready computer. DSP status Loading DSP program is loading. Ready DSP is running normally. Measure A sweep is in progress. Sweep status Hold A sweep is on hold.
Page 37: Channel Window Layout And Functions
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.2 Channel Window Layout and Functions The channel windows display the measurement results in the form of traces and numerical values. The screen can display up to 4 channel windows simultaneously. Each window has the following parameters:  Frequency range; ...
Page 38: Channel Title Bar
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.2.1 Channel Title Bar The channel title feature allows you to enter your comment for each channel window. Channel title bar To show/hide the channel title bar, use the following on/off switching softkeys: Display > Title Label. You can also make it by mouse clicking on the title Note area in the channel title bar.
Page 39 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING  Trace status is indicated as symbols in square brackets (See Table 4.2). Table 4.2Trace status symbols definition Status Symbols Definition OPEN response calibration SHORT response calibration Error Correction THRU response calibration One-path 2-port calibration Full 1-port calibration Port impedance conversion Fixture embedding Data Analysis Fixture de-embedding...
Page 40 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING Status Symbols Definition Data trace Trace display Memory trace D&M Data and memory traces Data and memory traces - off 40 ...
Page 41: Graph Area
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.2.3 Graph Area The graph area displays the traces and numeric data. Figure 4.6 Graph area The graph area contains the following elements:  Vertical graticule label displays the vertical axis numeric data for the active trace. You can set the display of the data for all the traces or hide the vertical graticule label to gain more screen space for the trace display.
Page 42: Markers
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING Using the graticule labels, you can easily modify all the trace Note parameters by the mouse (as described in section 4.3). 4.2.4 Markers The markers indicate the stimulus values and the measured values in selected points of the trace (See Figure 4.7). Figure 4.7 Markers The markers are numbered from 1 to 15.
Page 43: Channel Status Bar
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.2.5 Channel Status Bar The channel status bar is located in the bottom part of the channel window. It contains the following elements: Figure 4.8 Channel status bar  Stimulus start field allows to display and entry of the start frequency or power, depending on the sweep type.
Page 44 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING Table 4.3 Sweep types Symbol Definition Linear frequency sweep. Logarithmic frequency sweep. Segment frequency sweep. Power sweep. Table 4.4 Error correction field Symbol Definition No calibration data. No calibration was performed. Error correction is enabled. The stimulus settings are the same for the measurement and the calibration.
Page 45: Quick Channel Setting Using Mouse
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.3 Quick Channel Setting Using Mouse This section describes the mouse manipulations, which will enable you to set the channel parameters fast and easy. In a channel window, over the field where a channel parameter can be modified, the mouse pointer will change its form to indicate the edit mode.
Page 46: Display Format Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.3.4 Display Format Setting To select the trace display format, make a mouse click on the display format name in the trace status line and select the required format in the drop-down menu. 4.3.5 Trace Scale Setting To the trace scale, make a mouse click on the trace scale field in the trace status line and enter the required numerical value.
Page 47: Switching Between Start/Center And Stop/Span Modes
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING To enter the numerical value of the stimulus, first activate its field in the marker data line by a mouse click. 4.3.8 Switching between Start/Center and Stop/Span Modes To switch between the modes Start/Center and Stop/Span, make a mouse click in the respective field of the channel status bar.
Page 48: Sweep Points Number Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.3.11 Sweep Points Number Setting To enter the number of sweep points, activate the respective field in the channel status bar by a mouse click on the numerical value. To select the number of points from the drop-down menu, make the right mouse slick on the point number field in the channel status bar.
Page 49: Power Level / Cw Frequency Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.3.14 Power Level / CW Frequency Setting To enter the Power Level/CW Frequency, activate the respective field in the channel status bar by a mouse click on the numerical value. The parameter displayed in the field depends on the current sweep type: in frequency sweep mode you can enter power level value, in power sweep mode you can enter CW frequency value.
Page 50: Number Of Traces Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING The available options of number and layout of the channel windows on the screen are as follows: In accordance with the layouts, the channel windows do not overlap each other. The channels open starting from the smaller numbers. For each open channel window, you should set the stimulus parameters, make other settings, and perform calibration.
Page 51 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING All the traces are assigned their individual names, which cannot be changed. The trace name contains its number. The trace names are as follows: Tr1, Tr2 ... Tr8. Each trace is assigned some initial settings: measured parameter, format, scale, and color, which can be modified by the user.
Page 52 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING Table 4.5 Channel parameters Parameter Description Sweep Type Sweep Range Number of Sweep Points Stimulus Power Level Power Slope Feature CW Frequency Segment Sweep Table IF Bandwidth Averaging Calibration Fixture Simulator Table 4.6 Trace parameters Parameter Description Measured Parameter (S–parameter) Display Format Reference Level Scale, Value and Position Electrical Delay, Phase Offset...
Page 53: Trace/Channel Activating
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.4.3 Trace/Channel Activating The control commands selected by the user are applied to the active channel or the active trace, respectively. The border line of the active channel window is highlighted in light color. The active trace belongs to the active channel and its title is highlighted in inverse color.
Page 54 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING To enable/disable active channel maximizing function, use the following softkeys: Channel > Maximize Channel. Channel maximizing function can be controlled by a double Note mouse click on the channel. 54 ...
Page 55: Stimulus Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.5 Stimulus Setting The stimulus parameters are set for each channel. Before you set the stimulus parameters of a channel, make this channel active. make measurement more accurate, perform measurements with the same stimulus settings as were used Note for the calibration.
Page 56: Sweep Span Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.5.2 Sweep Span Setting The sweep range should be set for linear and logarithmic frequency sweeps (Hz) and for linear power sweep (dBm). The sweep range can be set as Start / Stop or Center / Span values of the range. To enter the start and stop values of the sweep range, use the following softkeys: Stimulus >...
Page 57: Stimulus Power Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.5.4 Stimulus Power Setting The stimulus power level should be set for linear and logarithmic frequency sweeps. For the segment sweep type, the method of power level setting described in this section can be used only if the same power level is set for all the segments of the sweep.
Page 58: Cw Frequency Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.5.6 CW Frequency Setting CW frequency setting determines the source frequency for the linear power sweep. To enter the CW frequency value, use the following softkeys: Stimulus > Power > CW Freq. 4.5.7 RF Out Function RF Out function allows temporary disabling of stimulus signal. While the stimulus is disabled the measurements cannot be performed.
Page 59 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING When you switch to the Segment Table submenu, the segment table will open in the lower part of the screen. When you exit the Segment Table submenu, the segment table will become hidden. The segment table layout is shown below. The table has three mandatory columns: frequency range and number of sweep points, and three columns, which you can enable/disable: IF bandwidth, power level and delay time.
Page 60 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING For any segment you can enable the additional parameter columns: IF bandwidth, power level, and delay time. If such a column is disabled, the corresponding value set for linear sweep will be used (same for all segments). To enable the IF bandwidth column, click List IFBW softkey. To enable the power level column, click List Power softkey.
Page 61: Measurement Delay
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.5.9 Measurement Delay Measurement delay function allows to add additional time interval at each measurement point between the moment when the source output frequency becomes stable and the moment of measurement start. This capability can be useful for measurements in narrowband circuits with transient period longer than the measurement in one point.
Page 62: Trigger Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.6 Trigger Setting The trigger mode determines the sweep actuation of all the channels. The channels can operate in one of the following three trigger modes:  Continuous – a sweep actuation occurs every time a trigger signal is detected;...
Page 63: Measurement Parameters Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.7 Measurement Parameters Setting 4.7.1 S-Parameters For high-frequency network analysis the following terms are applied: incident, reflected and transmitted waves, transferred in the circuits of the setup (See Figure 4.9). Figure 4.9 Measurement of magnitude and phase of incident, reflected and transmitted signals allow to determine the S-parameters (scattered parameters) of the DUT.
Page 64: S-Parameter Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.7.2 S-Parameter Setting A measured parameter (S or S ) is set for each trace. Before you select the measured parameter, first activate the trace. To set the measured parameter, use the following softkey: Response > Measurement. Then select the required parameter by the corresponding softkey. 4.7.3 Absolute Measurements The absolute measurement is the measurement of absolute power of a signal at a receiver input.
Page 65: Absolute Measurement Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.7.4 Absolute Measurement Setting Before you select the measured parameter, first activate the trace. To set the measured parameter, use the following softkey: Response > Measurement. Then select the required parameter by the corresponding softkey. In absolute measurement mode, dBm measurement units will be used for logarithmic magnitude format, W measurement units will be used for measurements in linear magnitude Note...
Page 66: Rectangular Formats
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.8.1 Rectangular Formats In this format, stimulus values are plotted along X-axis and the measured data are plotted along Y-axis (See Figure 4.10). Figure 4.10 Rectangular format To display S-parameter complex value along Y-axis, it should be transformed into a real number.
Page 67 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING Format Type Measurement Unit Label Data Type (Y-axis) Description (Y-axis) S-parameter phase from –180  to +180  : Phase Phase Degree (°)  arctg  S-parameter phase, Expanded Expand measurement range Degree (°) Phase Phase expanded to from below –180 ...
Page 68: Polar Format
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.8.2 Polar Format Polar format represents the measurement results on the pie chart (See Figure 4.11). The distance to a measured point from the graph center corresponds to the magnitude of its value. The counterclockwise angle from the positive horizontal axis corresponds to the phase of the measured value.
Page 69: Smith Chart Format
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.8.3 Smith Chart Format Smith chart format is used for representation of impedance values for DUT reflection measurements. In this format, the trace has the same points as in polar format. Figure 4.12 Smith chart format The polar graph does not have a frequency axis, so frequency will be indicated by the markers.
Page 70 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING Format Type Measurement Unit Data Displayed by Marker Label Description (Y-axis) Resistance at input: R  Ohm (Ω)    Reactance at input: Complex Smith X  Impedance Ohm (Ω) (R + jX) (at Input) Equivalent capacitance or inductance: ...
Page 71: Data Format Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.8.4 Data Format Setting You can select the format for each trace of the channel individually. Before you set the format, first activate the trace. To set the rectangular format, use the following softkey: Response > Format. Then select the required format: ...
Page 72 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING To set the Smith chart format, use the following softkeys: Format > Smith. Then select the required format:  Logarithmic magnitude and phase  Linear magnitude and phase  Real and imaginary parts  Complex impedance (at input)  Complex admittance (at input) To set the polar format, use the following softkeys: Format >...
Page 73: Scale Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.9 Scale Setting 4.9.1 Rectangular Scale For rectangular format you can set the following parameters (See Figure 4.13):  Trace scale;  Reference level value;  Reference level position;  Number of scale divisions. Figure 4.13 Rectangular scale 4.9.2 Rectangular Scale Setting You can set the scale for each trace of a channel.
Page 74: Circular Scale
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING To set the number of trace scale divisions, use the following softkeys: Scale > Divisions Quick trace scale setting by the mouse is described in section Note 4.3. 4.9.3 Circular Scale For polar and Smith chart formats, you can set the outer circle value (See Figure 4.14).
Page 75: Circular Scale Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.9.4 Circular Scale Setting To set the scale of the circular graphs, use the following softkeys: Scale > Scale. 4.9.5 Automatic Scaling The automatic scaling function automatically allows the user to define the trace scale so that the trace of the measured value could fit into the graph entirely. In rectangular format, two parameters are adjustable: scale and reference level position.
Page 76: Electrical Delay Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.9.7 Electrical Delay Setting The electrical delay function allows the user to define the compensation value for the electrical delay of a device. This value is used as compensation for the electrical delay during non-linear phase measurements. The electrical delay is set in seconds.
Page 77: Measurement Optimizing
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.10 Measurement Optimizing You can set IF bandwidth, averaging and smoothing parameters in Response softkey submenu. 4.10.1 IF Bandwidth Setting The IF bandwidth function allows the user to define the bandwidth of the test receiver. The IF bandwidth can take on the following values: 10 Hz, 30 Hz, 100 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz, 10 kHz, 30 kHz.
Page 78 5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING N - averaging factor is set by the user from 1 to 999; the higher the factor value the stronger the averaging effect. When the averaging function is enabled, the current number of iterations and the averaging factor, e.g. «9/10», will appear in the channel status bar. The averaging process is considered stable when the both numbers have become equal.
Page 79: Smoothing Setting
5BMEASUREMENT CONDITIONS SETTING 4.10.3 Smoothing Setting The smoothing of the sweep results is made by averaging of adjacent points of the trace determined by the moving aperture. The aperture is set by the user in percent against the total number of the trace points. The smoothing does not increase dynamic range of the Analyzer.
Page 80: 5 Calibration And Calibration Kit
5 CALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1 General Information 5.1.1 Measurement Errors S-parameter measurements are influenced by various measurement errors, which can be broken down into two categories:  systematic errors, and  random errors. Random errors comprise such errors as noise fluctuations and thermal drift in electronic components, changes in the mechanical dimensions of cables and connectors subject to temperature drift, repeatability of connections and cable bends.
Page 81: Systematic Errors
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1.2 Systematic Errors The systematic measurement errors of vector network analyzers are subdivided into the following categories according to their source:  Directivity;  Source match;  Load match;  Isolation;  Reflection/transmission tracking. The measurement results before the procedure of error correction has been executed are called uncorrected.
Page 82 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT In transmission measurements the load match error has considerable influence if the output of the DUT is poorly matched. In reflection measurements the load match error has considerable influence in case of poor match of the output of the DUT and low attenuation between the output and input of the DUT.
Page 83: Error Modeling
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1.3 Error Modeling Error modeling and method of signal flow graphs are applied to vector network analyzers for analysis of its systematic errors. 5.1.3.1 One-Port Error Model In reflection measurement only port 1 of the Analyzer is used. The signal flow graph of errors for the port 1 is represented in Figure 5.1.
Page 84 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1.3.2 One-Path Two-Port Error Model For a one-path measurement of the reflection coefficient and the transmission coefficient of a two-port DUT, the two ports of the Analyzer are used. The signal flow graph of errors effect in a one-path two-port system is represented in Figure 5.2: Port 1 Port 2...
Page 85: Analyzer Test Ports Defining
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT the true value of the S . The calibration does not take error terms E and E into account, that is why the measured value of S will be coming closer to the true value of S with improvement of the source match and increasing of the isolation.
Page 86 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT of the standards are well known. The characteristics of the standards are represented in the form of an equivalent circuit model, as described below;  Selection of a calibration method (see section 5.1.6) is based on the required accuracy of measurements. The calibration method determines what error terms of the model (or all of them) will be compensated;...
Page 87: Calibration Methods
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1.6 Calibration Methods The Analyzer supports several methods of one-port and two-port calibrations. The calibration methods vary by quantity and type of the standards being used, by type of error correction. The Table 5.2 represents the overview of the calibration methods.
Page 88 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1.6.2 Full One-Port Calibration Full one-port calibration involves connection of the following three standards to test port 1:  SHORT,  OPEN,  LOAD. Measurement of the three standards allows for acquisition of all the three error terms (Ed, Es, and Er) of a one-port model. Full 1-port calibration is used for reflection measurement (S ) of the DUT.
Page 89: Calibration Standards And Calibration Kits
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1.7 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits Calibration standards are precision physical devices used for determination of errors in a measurement system. A calibration kit is a set of calibration standards for a specific type of connector and specific impedance. Calibration kit includes standards of the four following types: SHORT, OPEN, LOAD and THRU.
Page 90 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.1.7.2 Calibration Standard Model A model of a calibration standard presented as an equivalent circuit is used for determining of S-parameters of the standard. The model is employed for standards of OPEN, SHORT, LOAD types. One-port model is used for the standards OPEN, SHORT, and LOAD (See Figure 5.4).
Page 91 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT Table 5.3 Parameters of the calibration standard equivalent circuit model Parameter Parameter Definition (as in the program) It is the offset impedance (of a transmission line) between the calibration plane and the circuit with lumped parameters. (Offset Z0) The offset delay. It is defined as one-way propagation time (in seconds) from the calibration plane to the circuit with lumped (Offset Delay) parameters or to the other calibration plane.
Page 92: Calibration Procedures
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.2 Calibration Procedures 5.2.1 Calibration Kit Selection The Analyzer provides memory space for eleven calibration kits. The first two items are the calibration kits with indefinite parameters. Next six items are the kits with manufacturer-defined parameters, available in the Analyzer by default. The other three items are the empty templates offered for calibration kit definition by the user.
Page 93: Reflection Normalization
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT Before starting calibration select in the program the calibration kit being used among the predefined kits, or define a new one and enter its parameters. Make sure that parameters of your calibration standards correspond to the values stored in the memory of the Analyzer. If they do not, make the required changes. The procedure of a calibration kit definition and editing is described in section 5.3.
Page 94 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT Port SHORT or OPEN Figure 5.5 Reflection normalization Before starting calibration perform the following settings: select active channel, set the parameters of the channel (frequency range, IF bandwidth, etc), and select the calibration kit. To perform reflection normalization, use the following softkeys: Calibration > Calibrate >...
Page 95 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT To complete the calibration procedure, click Apply. This will activate the process of calibration coefficient table calculation and saving it into the memory. The error correction function will also be automatically enabled. To clear the measurement results of the standards, click Cancel. This softkey does not cancel the current calibration.
Page 96: Transmission Normalization
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.2.3 Transmission Normalization Transmission normalization is the simplest calibration method used for transmission coefficient measurement (S ). One THRU standard is measured (see Figure 5.6) in the process of this calibration. Port 1 Port 2 Figure 5.6 Transmission normalization Before starting calibration perform the following settings: select active channel, set the parameters of the channel (frequency range, IF bandwidth, etc), and select the calibration kit.
Page 97 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT To complete the calibration procedure, click Apply. This will activate the process of calibration coefficient table calculation and saving it into the memory. The error correction function will also be automatically enabled. To clear the measurement results of the standards, click Cancel. This softkey does not cancel the current calibration.
Page 98: Full One-Port Calibration
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.2.4 Full One-Port Calibration Full one-port calibration is used for reflection coefficient measurement (S ). The three calibration standards (SHORT, OPEN, LOAD) are measured (see Figure 5.7) in the process of this calibration. SHORT Port OPEN LOAD Figure 5.7 Full one-port calibration Before starting calibration perform the following settings: select active channel, set the parameters of the channel (frequency range, IF bandwidth, etc), and select the calibration kit.
Page 99 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT Connect SHORT, OPEN and LOAD standards to the test port in any consequence as shown in Figure 5.7. Perform measurements clicking the softkey corresponding to the connected standard, SHORT, OPEN or LOAD respectively. During the measurement, a pop up window will appear in the channel window. It will have Calibration label and will indicate the progress of the measurement.
Page 100: One-Path Two-Port Calibration
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.2.5 One-Path Two-Port Calibration One-path two-port calibration is used for measurements of the DUT parameters in one direction, e.g. S and S . This method involves connection of the three calibration standards to port 1, and connection of a THRU standard between port 1 and port 2 (see Figure 5.8).
Page 101: Error Correction Disabling
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT Perform measurements clicking the softkey corresponding to the connected standard, SHORT, OPEN or LOAD respectively. Connect a THRU standard between the test ports. If the port connectors allow through connection connect them directly. Perform measurement using Thru softkey. During the measurement, a pop up window will appear in the channel window. It will have Calibration label and will indicate the progress of the measurement.
Page 102: Error Correction Status
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT To disable and enable again the error correction function, use the following softkeys: Calibration > Correction. 5.2.7 Error Correction Status The error correction status is indicated for each trace individually. The error correction status for each individual trace is indicated in the trace status field (see Table 5.5).
Page 103: Port Extension
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT Selection of calibration kit automatically determines the Note system impedance in accordance with the value specified for the kit. 5.2.9 Port Extension The port extension function enables you to eliminate the fixture (with or without losses) effects on the measurement results. The function virtually extends the test ports moving the calibration plane to the terminals of the DUT (by the length of the fixture).
Page 104: Calibration Kit Management
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT         3. Frequency-dependent loss determined by the losses in three frequency points: L at DC, L at frequency F , and L at frequency F         ...
Page 105: Calibration Kit Label Editing
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.3.2 Calibration Kit Label Editing To edit the label of a calibration kit, use the following softkeys: Calibration > Edit Cal Kit > Label. Then enter the calibration kit label. 5.3.3 Predefined Calibration Kit Restoration Select the required calibration kit from the list. To cancel the user changes of a predefined calibration kit, use the following softkeys: Calibration >...
Page 106 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT Standard types: SHORT, OPEN, LOAD, THRU. The standard type is determined by its parameters. For an OPEN standard, the values fringe capacitance of the OPEN model are specified. This model is described by the following polynomial of the third order: C = C f + C...
Page 107: Automatic Calibration Module
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.4 Automatic Calibration Module Automatic calibration module (ACM) is a special device, which allows automating of the process of calibration. ACM is shown in Figure 5.10. Figure 5.10 Automatic Calibration Module ACM offers the following advantages over the traditional SOLT calibration, which uses a mechanical calibration kit: ...
Page 108: Automatic Calibration Module Features
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.4.1 Automatic Calibration Module Features Calibration Types: ACM allows the Analyzer software to perform 1-Path two-port or full one-port calibrations with the click of a button. We recommend that you terminate the unusable ACM port with a load while performing one-port calibration. Characterization: Characterization is a table of S-parameters of all the states of the ACM switches, stored in the ACM memory.
Page 109 6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT The confidence check consists in simultaneous display of the measured and stored in memory S-parameters of the attenuator. The measured parameters are shown as the data trace and the parameters saved in the ACM memory are shown as the memory trace.
Page 110: Automatic Calibration Procedure
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.4.2 Automatic Calibration Procedure Before calibrating the Analyzer with ACM, perform some settings, i.e. activate a channel and set channel parameters (frequency range, IF bandwidth, etc). Connect the ACM to the Analyzer test ports, and connect the USB port of the ACM to the USB port of the computer.
Page 111: Confidence Check Procedure
6BCALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION KIT 5.4.3 Confidence Check Procedure In case you need to verify the reliability of the current calibration, perform the confidence check. This function can be used to check the accuracy of either calibration performed with an ACM or with a mechanical calibration kit. Connect the ACM to the Analyzer test ports, and connect the USB port of the ACM to the USB port of the computer.
Page 112: 6 Measurement Data Analysis
6 MEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1 Markers A marker is a tool for numerical readout of a stimulus value and value of the measured parameter in a specific point on the trace. You can activate up to 16 markers on each trace. See a trace with two markers in Figure 6.1. The markers allow the user to perform the following tasks: ...
Page 113 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS  In rectangular format, the marker shows the measurement parameter value plotted along Y-axis in the active format (see Table 4.6).  In circular format, the marker shows two or three values listed in Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Marker readings in circular formats Label Marker Readings (Measurement Unit) Reading 1...
Page 114: Marker Adding
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.1 Marker Adding To enable a new marker, use the following softkeys: Markers > Add Marker. The new marker appears as the active marker in the middle of the stimulus axis. The marker stimulus value entry field Note activates. 6.1.2 Marker Deleting To delete a marker, use the following softkeys: Markers >...
Page 115: Marker Stimulus Value Setting
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.3 Marker Stimulus Value Setting Before you set the marker stimulus value, you need to select the active marker. You can set the stimulus value by entering the numerical value from the keyboard or by dragging the marker using the mouse. Drag-and-drop operation is described in section 4.3.7.
Page 116: Reference Marker Feature
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.5 Reference Marker Feature Reference marker feature allows the user to view the data relative to the reference marker. Other marker readings are represented as delta relative to the reference marker. The reference marker shows the absolute data. The reference marker is indicated with Δ...
Page 117: Marker Properties
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS To enable/disable the reference marker, use the following softkeys: Markers > Reference Marker. 6.1.6 Marker Properties 6.1.6.1 Marker Coupling Feature The marker coupling feature enables/disables dependence of the markers of the same numbers on different traces. If the feature is turned on, the coupled markers (markers with same numbers) will move along X-axis synchronously on all the traces.
Page 118 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.6.2 Marker Value Indication Capacity By default, the marker stimulus values are displayed with 3 decimal digits and marker response values are displayed with 3 decimal digits. The user can change these settings. To set the marker value indication capacity, use the following softkeys: Markers > Properties >...
Page 119 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS There are two types of alignment:  Vertical – marker data of different traces are arranged one under another;  Horizontal – marker data of different traces are arranged in a line. To enable marker data alignment use the following softkeys Markers > Properties >...
Page 120 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS Figure 6.4 Display of the memory value using markers 120 ...
Page 121: Marker Position Search Functions
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.7 Marker Position Search Functions Marker position search function enables you to find on a trace the following values:  maximum value;  minimum value. 6.1.7.1 Search for Maximum and Minimum Maximum and minimum search functions enable you to determine the maximum and minimum values of the measured parameter and move the marker to these positions on the trace (see Figure 6.5).
Page 122 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.7.2 Search Tracking The marker position search function by default can be initiated by any search key pressing. Search tracking mode allows you to perform continuous marker position search, until this mode is disabled. To enable/disable search tracking mode, use the following softkeys: Markers > Marker Search >...
Page 123: Marker Math Functions
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.8 Marker Math Functions Marker math functions are the functions, which use markers for calculating of various trace characteristics. Four marker math functions are available:  Statistics;  Bandwidth Search;  Flatness;  RF Filter. 6.1.8.1 Trace Statistics The trace statistics feature allows the user to determine and view such trace parameters as mean, standard deviation, and peak-to-peak.
Page 124 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS To enable/disable trace statistics function, use the following softkeys: Markers > Marker Math > Statistics > Statistics. To enable/disable trace statistics range, use the following softkeys: Markers > Marker Math > Statistics > Statistic Range. To set the start/stop markers of the statistics range, use the following softkeys: Markers >...
Page 125 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.1.8.2 Flatness The flatness search function allows the user to determine and view the following trace parameters: gain, slope, and flatness. The user sets two markers to specify the flatness search range (see Figure 6.7). Figure 6.7 Flatness ∆ ...
Page 126 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS To enable/disable the flatness search function, use the following softkeys: Markers > Marker Math > Flatness > Flatness. To select the markers specifying the flatness search range, use softkeys: Markers > Marker Math > Flatness > Flatness Start | Markers > Marker Math > Flatness > Flatness Stop.
Page 127: Memory Trace Function
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.2 Memory Trace Function For each data trace displayed on the screen a so-called memory trace can be created. There can be saved up to eight memory traces for each data trace. The memory trace is displayed in the same color as the main data trace, but its brightness is lower The memory trace is a data trace saved into the memory.
Page 128: Saving Trace Into Memory
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS The memory trace can be used for math operations with the data trace. The resulting trace of such an operation will replace the data trace. The math operations with memory and data traces are performed in complex values. The following four math operations are available: Divides the measured data by the data in the memory Data / Memory...
Page 129: Trace Display Setting
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS To activate a memory trace, use the following softkeys: Trace > Memory Cell. To delete a memory trace, use the following softkeys: Trace > Delete Data Trace. To clear all memory traces, use the following softkeys:Trace > Delete All Data. 6.2.3 Trace Display Setting To set the type of data to be displayed on the screen, use the following softkeys: Trace >...
Page 130: Mathematical Operations
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.2.4 Mathematical Operations To activate a memory trace, use the following softkeys: Trace > Memory Cell. To access math operations, use the following softkeys: Trace > Data Math > Data / Mem | Data * Mem | Data – Mem | Data + Mem | OFF. 130 ...
Page 131: Fixture Simulation
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.3 Fixture Simulation The fixture simulation function enables you to emulate the measurement conditions other than those of the real setup. The following conditions can be simulated:  Port Z conversion;  De-embedding;  Embedding. Before starting the fixture simulation, first activate the channel. The simulation function will affect all the traces of the channel.
Page 132: De-Embedding
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS To enable/disable the port impedance conversion function, toggle Port Z Conversion softkey. To enter the value of the simulated impedance of Port 1, use Port 1 Z0 softkey. 6.3.2 De-embedding De-embedding is a function of the S-parameter transformation by removing of some circuit effect from the measurement results. The circuit being removed should be defined in the data file containing S- parameters of this circuit.
Page 133: Embedding
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS Figure 6.9 De-embedding To enable/disable the de-embedding function for port 1, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Fixture Simulator > De-Embedding > Port 1. To enter the file name of the de-embedded circuit S – parameters of port 1, us the following softkeys: Analysis >...
Page 134 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS The circuit being integrated should be defined in the data file containing S- parameters of this circuit. The circuit should be described as a 2-port in Touchstone file (extension .s2p), which contains the S-parameter table: S11, S21, S12, S22 for a number of frequencies. The embedding function allows to mathematically simulate the DUT parameters after adding of the fixture circuits.
Page 135: Time Domain Transformation
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.4 Time Domain Transformation The Analyzer measures and displays parameters of the DUT in frequency domain. Time domain transformation is a function of mathematical modification of the measured parameters in order to obtain the time domain representation. For time domain transformation Z-transformation and frequency domain window function are applied.
Page 136: Time Domain Transformation Activating
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS change of the data at the limits of the frequency domain. But while side lobes are reduced, the main pulse or front edge of the lowpass step becomes wider. The Kaiser window is described by β parameter, which smoothly fine-tune the window shape from minimum (rectangular) to maximum.
Page 137: Time Domain Transformation Span
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.4.2 Time Domain Transformation Span To define the span of time domain representation, you can set its start and stop, or center and span values. To set the start and stop limits of the time domain range, use the following softkeys: Analysis >...
Page 138: Time Domain Transformation Type
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.4.3 Time Domain Transformation Type To set the time domain transformation type, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Time Domain > Response Type >Bandpass | Lowpass Impulse | Lowpass Step. 6.4.4 Time Domain Transformation Window Shape Setting To set the window shape, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Time Domain > Window >...
Page 139 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS To set the window shape for the specific impulse width or front edge width, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Time Domain > Window > Impulse Width. The setting values are limited by the specified frequency range. The bottom limit corresponds to the value implemented in the minimum (rectangular) window.
Page 140: Frequency Harmonic Grid Setting
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.4.5 Frequency Harmonic Grid Setting If lowpass impulse or lowpass step transformation is enabled, the frequency range will be represented as a harmonic grid. The frequency values in measurement points are integer multiples of the start frequency Fmin. The Analyzer is capable of creating a harmonic grid for the current frequency range automatically.
Page 141: Time Domain Gating
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.5 Time Domain Gating Time domain gating is a function, which mathematically removes the unwanted responses in time domain. The function performs time domain transformation and applies reverse transformation back to frequency domain to the user-defined span in time domain. The function allows the user to remove spurious effects of the fixture devices from the frequency response, if the useful signal and spurious signal are separable in time domain.
Page 142: Time Domain Gate Activating
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS Table 6.5 Time domain gating window shapes Bandpass Gate Resolution (Minimum Gate Window Shape Span) Sidelobe Level Minimum – 48 dB  Normal – 68 dB  – 57 dB Wide  25.4 Maximum – 70 dB  6.5.1 Time Domain Gate Activating To enable/disable the time domain gating function: toggle the following softkey: Analysis >...
Page 143: Time Domain Gate Span
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.5.2 Time Domain Gate Span To define the span of time domain gate, you can set its start and stop, or center and span values. To the start and stop of the time domain gate, use the following softkeys: Analysis >...
Page 144: Time Domain Gate Shape Setting
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.5.4 Time Domain Gate Shape Setting To set the time domain gate shape, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Gating > Shape > Minimum | Normal | Wide | Maximum. 144 ...
Page 145: S-Parameter Conversion
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.6 S-Parameter Conversion S-parameter conversion function allows conversion of the measurement results or S ) to the following parameters:  Equivalent impedance (Zr) and equivalent admittance (Yr) in reflection measurement:       Equivalent impedance (Zt) and equivalent admittance (Yr) in transmission measurement: ...
Page 146 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS To select the conversion type, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Conversion > Function > Impedance Z |Admittance Y |Inverse 1/S |Conjugation. All conversion types are indicated in the trace status field, if Note enabled. 146 ...
Page 147: Limit Test
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.7 Limit Test The limit test is a function of automatic pass/fail judgment for the trace of the measurement result. The judgment is based on the comparison of the trace to the limit line set by the user. The limit line can consist of one or several segments (see Figure 6.11). Each segment checks the measurement value for failing whether upper or lower limit.
Page 148: Limit Line Editing
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.7.1 Limit Line Editing To access the limit line editing mode, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Limit Test > Edit Limit Line. In the editing mode the limit table will appear in the lower part of the screen (see Figure 6.12).
Page 149: Limit Test Enabling/Disabling
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS Navigating in the table to enter the values of the following parameters of a limit testsegment: Select the segment type among the following:  MAX – upper limit Type  MIN – lower limit  OFF — segment not used for the limit test Begin Stimulus Stimulus value in the beginning point of the segment End Stimulus...
Page 150: Limit Test Display Management
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.7.3 Limit Test Display Management To enable/disable display of a limit line, use the following softkeys: Analysis > Limit Test > Limit Line. To enable/disable display of Fail sign in the center of the graph, use Fail Sign softkey. 6.7.4 Limit Line Offset Limit line offset function allows the user to shift the segments of the limit line by the specified value along X and Y axes simultaneously...
Page 151: Ripple Limit Test
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS 6.8 Ripple Limit Test Ripple limit test is an automatic pass/fail check of the measured trace data. The trace is checked against the maximum ripple value (ripple limit) defined by the user. The ripple value is the difference between the maximum and minimum response of the trace in the trace frequency band.
Page 152 7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS Figure 6.14 Ripple limit table To add a new row in the table, click Add. The new row will appear below the highlighted one. To delete a row from the table, click Delete. The highlighted row will be deleted. To clear the entire table, use Clear Ripple Limit Table softkey.
Page 153: Ripple Limit Enabling/Disabling
7BMEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS Navigating in the table to enter the values of the following parameters of a ripple limit test segment: Select the segment type among the following:  ON – band used for the ripple limit test Type  OFF — band not used for the limit test Begin Stimulus Stimulus value in the beginning point of the segment End Stimulus...
Page 154: 7 Analyzer Data Output
7 ANALYZER DATA OUTPUT 7.1 Analyzer State The Analyzer state, calibration, measured data and memory traces can be saved on the hard disk to an Analyzer state file and later uploaded back into the Analyzer program. The following three types of saving are available: State The Analyzer settings.
Page 155: Analyzer State Saving
8BANALYZER DATA OUTPUT 7.1.1 Analyzer State Saving To set the type of saving, use the following softkeys: System > Save > Save Type > State | State & Cal | State & Trace | All. To save the state, use the following soft keys: System > Save > State. Enter the state file name in the dialog that appears.
Page 156 8BANALYZER DATA OUTPUT To retain the current table of calibration coefficients, use the softkey Retain Calibr. Retain calibration works only for the saved types State or State & Trace. 156 ...
Page 157: Trace Data Csv File
8BANALYZER DATA OUTPUT 7.2 Trace Data CSV File The Analyzer allows the use to save an individual trace data as a CSV file (comma separated values). The *.CSV file contains digital data separated by commas. The active trace stimulus and response values in current format are saved to *.CSV file. Only one (active) trace data are saved to the file.
Page 158: Trace Data Touchstone File
8BANALYZER DATA OUTPUT 7.3 Trace Data Touchstone File The Analyzer allows the user to save S-parameters to a Touchstone file. The Touchstone file contains the frequency values and S-parameters. The files of this format are typical for most of circuit simulator programs. The *.s2p files are used for saving four S-parameters of a 2-port device.
Page 159: Touchstone File Saving
8BANALYZER DATA OUTPUT  MA – linear magnitude and phase in degrees,  DB – logarithmic magnitude in dB and phase in degrees.  Z0 – reference impedance value F[n] – frequency at measurement point n {…}’ – {real part (RI) | linear magnitude (MA) | logarithmic magnitude (DB)} {…}”...
Page 160: Touchstone File Recalling
8BANALYZER DATA OUTPUT 7.3.2 Touchstone File Recalling The touchstone file can be loaded from disk into trace memory and to the S- parameters. While loading data are interpolated for the current frequency range. While loading to the S-parameters the scanning is stopped not to overwrite these data.
Page 161: 8 System Settings
8 SYSTEM SETTINGS 8.1 Analyzer Presetting Analyzer presetting feature allows the user to restore the default settings of the Analyzer. The default settings of your Analyzer are specified in Appendix 1. To preset the Analyzer, use the following softkeys: System > Preset > Apply. 8.2 Graph Printing This section describes the print/save procedures for the graph data.
Page 162 9BSYSTEM SETTINGS You can add current date and time before the image is transferred to the printing application. To print a graph, use the following softkeys: System > Print Select the print color, using Print Color softkey:  Full Colors  Gray Scale ...
Page 163: User Interface Setting
9BSYSTEM SETTINGS 8.3 User Interface Setting The Analyzer enables you to make the following user interface settings:  Toggle between full screen and window display  Set color of:  Data traces  Memory traces  Background and grid of graph ...
Page 164 9BSYSTEM SETTINGS The changes made to the color of the active data traces will affect all the traces with the same number in other channels. To change the color of the active memory trace, use the following softkeys: Display > Color > Memory Trace. Then select the color in the window that appears.
Page 165 9BSYSTEM SETTINGS To change the color of the grid of the graph, use the following softkeys: Display > Color >Grid. Then select the color in the window that appears. To change the width of a data trace, use the following softkeys: Display > Lines > Data Trace Width.
Page 166: Reference Frequency Oscillator Selection
9BSYSTEM SETTINGS To invert the color of the graph area, use the following softkeys: Display > Invert Color. To hide/show the menu bar, use the following softkeys: Display > Menu Bar. To restore the default factory settings, use the following softkeys: Display > Set Defaults.
Page 167: System Correction Setting
9BSYSTEM SETTINGS 8.5 System Correction Setting The Analyzer is supplied from the manufacturer calibrated with the calibration coefficients stored in its non-volatile memory. The factory calibration is used by default for initial correction of the measured S-parameters. Such calibration is referred to as system calibration, and the error correction is referred to as system correction.
Page 168: 9 Maintenance And Storage
9 MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE 9.1 Maintenance Procedures This section describes the guidelines and procedures of maintenance, which will ensure fault-free operation of your Analyzer. The maintenance of the Analyzer consists in cleaning of the instrument, factory calibrations, and regular performance tests. 9.1.1 Instrument Cleaning This section provides the cleaning instructions required for maintaining the proper operation of your Analyzer.
Page 169: Storage Instructions
10BMAINTENANCE AND STORAGE 9.2 Storage Instructions Before first use store your Analyzer in the factory package at environment temperature from 0 to +40 ºС and relative humidity up to 80% (at 25 ºС). After you have removed the factory package store the Analyzer at environment temperature from +10 to +35 ºС...
Page 170: Appendix 1 - Default Settings Table
Traces per Channel Channel Active Trace Number Channel Sweep Type Linear Frequency Channel Number of Sweep Points Channel Stimulus Start Frequency Planar TR1300/1 300 kHz Channel TR5048, TR7530 20 kHz Stimulus Stop Frequency Planar TR1300/1 1.3 GHz TR5048 4.8 GHz...
Page 171 0 sec. Channel Sweep Range Setting Start / Stop Channel Number of Segments Channel Points per Segment Channel Segment Start Frequency Planar TR1300/1 300 kHz Channel TR5048, TR7530 20 kHz Segment Stop Frequency Planar TR1300/1 300 kHz Channel TR5048, TR7530...
Page 172 11BAppendix 1 — Default Settings Table Parameter Description Default Setting Setting Object Time Domain Kaiser-Beta Trace Time Domain Transformation Type Bandpass Trace Number of Markers Trace Marker Position: Planar TR1300/1 650.15 MHz TR5048 2.40001 GHz Trace TR7530 1.50001 GHz 172 ...

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Copper Mountain Technologies PLANAR TR1300/1 Operating Manual

Introduction

Safety Instructions

1 General Overview

2 Preparation for Use

3 Getting Started

4 Measurement Conditions Setting

5 Calibration and Calibration Kit

6 Measurement Data Analysis

7 Analyzer Data Output

8 System Settings

9 Maintenance and Storage

Appendix 1 - Default Settings Table

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