XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Table of contents Contents About this manual About safety xiii Safety precautions Responding to alarms Corrective maintenance Electrostatic protection Identifying an alarm Responding to alarms Removing and reinstalling RF power modules 1-21 Troubleshooting RF power modules 1-25...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Table of contents RF drive power supply PWB (62 V) (NAPS10C) 2-19 RF power module (NAP34A) 2-20 RF drive buffer PWB (NAPE77A/01) 2-31 Parts Lists Parts information Family tree How to locate information about a specific part Column content OEM code to manufacturer’s cross-reference...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Table of contents Locating assembly detail drawings Content of mechanical drawings List of terms Index IX-1 Issue 3.0 2009-07-28 Page vii...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Table of contents Page viii Issue 3.0 2009-07-28...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual About this manual This manual provides troubleshooting information for the XR12 transmitter. It is intended for use by field technicians. This manual allows the troubleshooting technician to diagnose a fault to the system level, using alarm response procedures, parts lists, wiring lists, and electrical schematics. Electrical schematics and mechanical drawings are included at the end of the manual.
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The Nautel website provides useful resources to keep you up to date on your XR12. Nautel User Group (NUG) The website includes a special section that customers can log into in order to access the Nautel customer newsletter, product manuals, frequently asked questions (FAQ), information sheets, and information about field upgrades.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Documentation: online and printed The website’s NUG section provides online access to all the documentation for your XR12. Documentation is provided in Acrobat (PDF) format. You can use the documentation online or print the sections that you need.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Page xii Issue 3.0 2009-07-28...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual About safety All Nautel transmitters are designed to meet the requirements of EN60215, Safety Requirements for Radio Transmitters. The philosophy of EN60215 is that the removal of any cover or panel that can only be opened using a tool is a maintenance activity, and that any person performing a maintenance activity is expected to be trained for that activity.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Lightning hazards Before opening the transmitter and touching internal parts, remove and solidly ground the antenna connection. WARNING: It is not enough to ground the antenna terminal with the antenna still connected. Even a small impedance in the ground strap will result in lethal voltages during a lightning strike.
Personnel must be familiar with the transmitter, so that they can avoid physical danger, and be aware of hazards to themselves and the equipment. Nautel offers a number of training courses covering the basic fundamentals of RF systems and transmitters, and the operation and maintenance of the transmitter. For more information about available courses and schedules, go to the Nautel website at http://www.nautel.com/Training.aspx,...
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Operation of safety interlocks (if installed) First aid Nautel does not offer first aid training, since the hazards associated with high voltage and RF energy are not specific to the transmitter. However, the customer should provide first aid training to all per- sonnel who have access to the transmitter site.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Marking hazards Place warning signs close to any hazardous areas or systems (e.g., the feedline or the antenna system). Make the signs large enough that they cannot be missed. Provide signage in all languages used in the region.
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(and to protect the rest of your site equipment and your personnel). For detailed information about lightning protection, see the Nautel Site Preparation Manual, available from your Nautel sales agent, or online from the Nautel website.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Earthquake protection If the transmitter site is in a region that experiences any noticeable earthquake activity, take steps to prevent the transmitter from shifting or rocking during an earthquake. Even during minor earthquakes, rocking or movement of the transmitter is likely to damage the feedline connection, and could even cause a catastrophic failure of the ac power feed into the transmitter.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Page xx Issue 3.0 2009-07-28...
Responding to alarms - see page 1-9 • Troubleshooting RF power modules - see page 1-25 If none of the procedures and alarms described in this section address your problem, contact Nautel for assistance. See “Technical support” on page ix...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Remote troubleshooting Remote on-air troubleshooting consists of monitoring the transmitter's radiated signal using an on-air monitor, and observing the status of each remote fault alarm indicator. Information obtained from these sources should enable an operator to decide whether an alarm response may be deferred to a more convenient time, an immediate corrective action must be taken, or if a standby transmitter must be enabled (if one is available).
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Electrostatic protection The transmitter's assemblies contain semiconductor devices that are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge. The following precautions must be observed when handling an assembly which contains these devices. CAUTION: Electrostatic energy is produced when two insulating materials are rubbed together.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Identifying an alarm The best way to identify an alarm is by viewing the transmitter’s front panel. There are several ways to use the front panel to identify the occurrence and origin of a fault: •...
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4. If the troubleshooting and subsequent replacement of a suspect PWB or RF power module does not remove the fault condition, contact Nautel. NOTE: Before undertaking any troubleshooting, record all GUI meter readings. Then press the STATUS button - if present - on the GUI to see if any other alarms have been registered on the STATUS page .
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Table 1.1: Troubleshooting Alarms System Diagram LEDs = SD Remote Interface Alarms =RI System Diagram LEDs Status Description/Action Remote Interface Message Alarms Auto SD: Changeover This event is caused by a fail in the active...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms System Diagram LEDs Status Description/Action Remote Interface Message Alarms Int. Serial Fail SD: Exciter This alarm occurs when there is no RI: Exciter Fail communication with the remote interface PWB for 2 seconds. See page 1-19.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms System Diagram LEDs Status Description/Action Remote Interface Message Alarms RF Drive P/S SD: Low Voltage Power The RF drive power supply is monitored. This Fail Supply fault will be reported if the voltage exceeds or RI: LVPS Fail falls below the specified limits.
Reset button on the GUI. See “Navigating from page to page” on page 2-6 the XR12 Operations and Maintenance Manual. If the Alarm does not reset – or if it returns – remove the RF power module for troubleshooting. See “Removing an RF power module”...
“PM fault” on page 1-9 to troubleshoot. NOTE: A third RF power module is optional for the XR12 transmitter. Ext. interlock open An Ext. Interlock Open alarm indicates an external interlock is open. It will be accompanied by a Shutback alarm.
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Section 2, “Installing the power transformer” on page 2-1 of the XR12 Installation Manual. 3. If the transformer taps are correct, the monitoring circuit is suspect. Contact Nautel for troubleshooting information. High B+ voltage A High B+ Voltage alarm is reported when the B+ voltage goes above 380 V, but no other action is taken automatically.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Fan P/S fault The 48 V power supply used for the fans is monitored and will report a fault if the voltage is outside the range of 48 V ± 10%. 1. Check for accompanying alarms in the Status screen. If there is a LVPS Fault , troubleshoot it...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 3. If the input voltages are satisfactory, and the output cannot be adjusted to the required level, suspect the RF drive power supply PWB. 4. If the output voltage is within 62 V ± 10%, and the alarm persists, recalibrate the RF drive power supply to read the measured voltage (see “Calibrating meters”...
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This fail is triggered when the product of the B+ (dc) voltage and the dc current is greater than the limit set in software. For the XR12 the threshold is 22 kVA. This fail causes an immediate cutback (power reduction), but not a shutback.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms This alarm indicates the PDM duty cycle of exciter B’s modulator drive is too high. Try to reset the alarm. If the alarm persists, proceed to the steps listed in “PDM drive fail”. PDM drive fail This fault indicates that the PDM drive is inoperative.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Auto changeover This event is caused by a fault in the active exciter with the Auto Changeover function enabled. Faults that cause exciter changeovers are: Mod Driver Fail A/B , RF Driver Fail and PDM Drive Fail .
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 3. Use an oscilloscope to measure TP2 of the RF drive buffer PWB. The signal should be a 15 volt peak-to-peak square wave at the carrier frequency. If the signal is present, suspect the RF drive buffer PWB.
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2. Use an oscilloscope to view TP6 on the interphase PDM driver PWB. If the transmitter is operating at rated power and the audio is clipped (see Figure 1.3), complete “Modulation Peak Limiting” on page 5-5 of the XR12 Operating and Maintenance Manual. Issue 3.0 2009-07-28 Page 1-19...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Figure 1.3: Chopper Control Waveform Audio = 30Hz (AC Coupled) Softstart active The softstart relays are initially open for 1.6 seconds when the transmitter’s power is first turned on. The software should close the relays after 1.6 seconds and clear this alarm. While active, this alarm causes a shutback and inhibits the RF drive and fan power supplies.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms The fault may be caused by a weak battery, or a fault in the detection or alarm circuitry on the control/display PWB. If the alarm remains after the battery is replaced, suspect the control/display PWB circuitry.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 6. Grasp the handle on the front of the module, carefully pull the module forward, and grasp the cutout in the top of the module’s rear panel. Carefully lift the module out of the transmitter.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Installing an RF power module Refer to Figure 1.4 on page 1-22, and Figure 1.5 on page 1-23 for this procedure. 1. Verify that the RF power module has been tuned to the carrier frequency (see “RF drive...
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The following test equipment and cables are required to troubleshoot an RF power module. Power Module Test Kit The power module test kit (Nautel part # 202-5015) is required to use the transmitter’s integral test circuits. It is optionally provided by, or available from, Nautel. It contains: •...
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A 5 mm (0.197 in., hex nut driver. The diameter of the outside wall must be less than 7 mm (0.275 in.). • A 2.5 mm (0.098 in.), hex screw driver (Nautel part # HAZ65), included in the ancillary kit. Electrostatic Precautions The RF power module contains semiconductor devices that are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Preparation for testing 1. Follow the procedure in “Removing an RF power module” on page 1-21 to remove the power module from the transmitter. 2. Place the RF power module on a suitable work surface in close proximity to the transmitter's RF power module test circuit, so that the RF power module test cable can reach the power module.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms PA volts to ground impedance Measure impedance between the PA volts and ground for each RF power block: 1. Measure resistance between terminal H (PA volts input) of each PA input/output PWB and ground, using a digital multimeter.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 7. Restart impedance checks at Step PA volts to B+ impedance Measure impedance between the B+ volts input and the PA volts output for each RF power block: 1. Measure the resistance between terminal H (PA volts) of each PA input/output PWB and its associated B+ fuse.
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Figure 1.4 on page 1-22). 2. Connect P4 of the test cable (Nautel part # 202-5010) to J2 of the RF power module to be tested, noting that J2 is the lower connector on the rear of the power module.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms NOTE: The RF power module may be connected to the transmitter’s test circuit without turning the transmitter off or interrupting its on-air operation. The host transmitter must be turned on and its RF power stage must be enabled (its RF On LED must be on) for dc voltages to be applied to the RF power module.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms check” on page 1-36 to attempt tuning of the RF drive. If the RF Drive LED remains on after tuning, suspect the RF drive control PWB. NOTE: If the test circuits B+ supply fails when the temporary jumper is installed in...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 4. Install a serviceable modulator assembly in each vacant modulator assembly position. 5. Repeat PA volts checks for RF blocks that required repairs. RF amplifier checks Verify the RF amplifiers in each RF power block are functioning and producing an RF output.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 5. Repeat Step 3 Step 4 for the remaining suspect PAs. If any C or G waveform is not satisfactory (rectangular wave, 0 to 24 V, assuming 50% duty cycle), the PA associated with the unsatisfactory waveform is defective and must be replaced (see “RF amplifier assembly...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Figure 1.6: RF Power Module – Left Side RF Drive Tuning Assembly Figure 1.7: RF Drive tuning assembly – cover off RF Drive Tuning Screw Locking Hardware (shown loosened) Issue 3.0 2009-07-28 Page 1-35...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms RF drive tuning check Verify the RF drive tuning circuit is functional and the RF drive's tuned circuits are resonant, or can be tuned to resonance at the host transmitter's carrier frequency (f c).
NOTE: The remote interface PWB and interphase PDM driver PWBs that interconnect with the exciter interface PWB must be removed before the exciter interface PWB can be removed. Figure 1.8: XR12 Exciter Panel Assembly (NAE90A – A2) Panel Mounting Remote Interface PWB...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Preparation WARNING: Lethal voltages exist inside the transmitter when the power is turned on. Turn off the power at the source and wait until the green LEDs on the B+ distribution PWB are off before removing any connections or PWBs (see Figure 1.9 on page...
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(R59) is not used and requires no adjustment. 4. Install the new interphase PDM driver PWB by reversing Step 1 Step 5. Perform the “Exciter Gain” adjustment procedure on page 5-5 of the XR12 Operating and Maintenance Manual. Issue 3.0 2009-07-28 Page 1-39...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms Exciter interface PWB replacement 1. Remove the remote interface PWB (A2A6), both RF synthesizer PWBs (A2A2 and A2A4), and both interphase PDM driver PWBs (A2A3 and A2A5). It may be helpful to gently pry the connectors loose with a screwdriver.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms RF Drive Buffer PWB replacement WARNING: Lethal voltages exist inside the transmitter when the power is turned on. Turn off the power at the source and wait until the green LEDs on the B+ distribution PWB are off before removing any connections or PWBs (see Figure 1.9 on page...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 5. Remove the defective PWB from the transmitter. 6. Set the EXCTR A (E1), EXCTR B (E2) and SENSITIVITY (E3) jumpers on the replacement PWB to the same positions as the defective PWB. 7. Reverse...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms RF Drive Power Supply assembly replacement WARNING: Lethal voltages exist inside the transmitter when the power is turned on. Turn off the power at the source and wait until the green LEDs on the B+ distribution PWB are off before removing any connections or PWBs (see Figure 1.9 on page...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 2. Remove the two right-hand blank panels adjacent the RF power module(s). If the optional third RF power module is installed instead of a blank panel, remove it (see“Removing and reinstalling RF power modules” on page 1-21).
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms 5. Remove the assembly from the transmitter. 6. Reverse Step 1 through Step 5 to reinstall the replacement assembly. Fan Power Supply assembly replacement WARNING: Lethal voltages exist inside the transmitter when the power is turned on.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Responding to alarms RF Power Module assembly replacement Each RF power module contains RF amplifier assemblies and modulator assemblies (see Figure 1.11) that can be replaced. Figure 1.11: RF Power Module – Right Side RF Amplifier Assemblies...
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Responding to alarms Modulator assembly replacement 1. Remove the modulator assembly from RF power module. Use the hex screw driver (Nautel part # HAZ65) from the ancillary kit to remove the modulator assembly’s attaching hardware (four M3 hex head screws) at the rear of the RF power module's heat sink.
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1. Remove the RF amplifier assembly from RF power module. Use the hex screw driver (Nautel part # HAZ65) from the ancillary kit to remove the RF amplifier assembly’s attaching hardware (four M3 hex head screws) at the rear of the RF power module's heat sink.
RF power module (NAP34A) - see page 2-20 • RF drive buffer PWB (NAPE77A/01) - see page 2-31 XR12 electrical schematics The descriptions in this section all refer to the XR12 electrical schematics listed in Table 5.1 on page 5-5 of the XR12 Troubleshooting Manual.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Alarm threshold circuits Certain parameters that are monitored by the control/display PWB can initiate an alarm indication and appropriate transmitter control if an out of tolerance condition occurs. Ac supply voltage The Ac Power input (J4-21) is an unregulated dc voltage that is proportional to the ac source. The input is filtered and compared to the low ac ref fault threshold on operational amplifier U4C.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Sample monitoring circuits Various parameters are applied to the control/display PWB for local (via the front panel's diagnostic display) and/or external (via the remote interface PWB) monitoring. In most cases, these parameters also have associated alarm detection circuitry, but it is not resident on the control/display PWB.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Low voltage power supplies Attenuated, buffered samples of all low voltage dc power supplies (+24 V, +15 V, + 5 V and -15 V) are applied to ADCs U9 and U12 for application to the front panel's diagnostic display.
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2-7). E3 should be set to HIGH PDM mode when used in an XR12 transmitter. The microprocessor determines the value of N and outputs the information at pins 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The N divider uses this information as the N dividing factor.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Virtual capacitor Complementary transistor pair U13:A and U13:B, capacitors C50 through C53 and associated components form a virtual capacitor, the value of which is determined by current flow through U13:A. Amplitude and phase of the IPM compensation input controls gain of U13:A, thereby controlling current flow in the transistor and ultimately the virtual capacitance of the IPM correction circuit.
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134 kHz (when E3 is set in LOW PDM mode) or between 245 kHz and 276 kHz (when E3 is set in HIGH PDM mode). E3 should be set to HIGH PDM mode when used in an XR12 transmitter.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions - E1 in INT position (pins 2 and 3 shorted) - E2 in INT position (pins 2 and 3 shorted) - E4 in EXT position (pins 1 and 2 shorted) The applied RF must be precisely the carrier frequency (f ) and its peak-to-peak voltage (sine or square wave) must be between 5.0 V and 12.0 V.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions The carrier ref input at J1-2 is a dc voltage directly proportional to the expected RF carrier level squared. When the transmitter is operating at its rated carrier level, the expected carrier ref input at the output of buffer U2A (TP5) is a nominal 4.7 V.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Linear integrator The linear integrator circuit converts the f square wave on its input to a triangular waveform at its output. The triangular waveform has negative and positive voltage excursions of equal amplitude and duration.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Figure 2.1: Timing Diagram for PDM Differential Amplifier Carrier Reference Level Ramp PDM 1 Inverted Carrier Reference Level Ramp PDM 2 PDM2 generator The PDM2 generator consists of U3C, U11B, Q6, Q7, and their associated components. It operates similar to the PDM1 generator except U3C inverts the compensated carrier ref + audio input and applies it to differential comparator U11B's inverting input.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions During normal operation, C58 will charge through R67 towards 15 V when the PDM1 output is 15 V (during its 'on time') and CR3 is reversed biased. It will instantly discharge to ground potential, through CR3, when the PDM1 output switches to 0 V (during its 'off time').
SINGLE/DIFF jumper E19 allows the control inputs to be configured to operate from a single-ended or differential input. Refer to “Control and monitoring” section of the XR12 Installation Manual for a detailed description on single-ended versus differential inputs. Issue 3.0 2009-07-28...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Remote outputs Remote alarm/status outputs are provided on pins of connectors J2 and J3. A darlington transistor for each alarm/status output provides a negative logic (current-sink-to-ground) output when a logic 'true' (alarm condition or active status) exists. The switching circuit provides an open collector during logic 'false' conditions (non-alarm or non-active status condition) and has no influence on the external monitoring circuit.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Modulation level detector The modulation level detector circuit monitors the on/off times of the Forward Power Sample input (J13-3) for excessive on times. It automatically inhibits a portion of any modulating audio's positive going half-cycle that would cause excessive 'on times' and results in the stress current threshold of the transmitter's RF power amplifier stages being exceeded.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Audio chopper The audio chopper circuit consists of U33D, Q1, and their associated components. It inhibits some portion of positive audio half-cycles that cause modulation peaks/durations that exceed the RF stress current threshold of the transmitter's RF power amplifiers. It accomplishes this by clamping the...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions RF monitor and gain setting A sample of the transmitter’s RF output is applied from the RF output filter to the RF Sample input (J7). The front panel GUI, in conjunction with microcontroller U24 and variable gain amplifier U22, provide a means to change the level at the RF MONITOR output (J8).
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions fan power supply PWB (48 V) (NAPS30/01) See electrical schematic Figure SD-28. The fan power supply PWB is a switch mode power supply that converts the transmitter's B+ voltage to the dc voltage (48 V) used by the cooling fans.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions RF drive power supply PWB (62 V) (NAPS10C) See electrical schematic Figure SD-31. The RF drive power supply PWB is a boost type switching power supply which provides a regulated dc supply voltage for the transmitter's RF drive amplifiers. A nominal +48V supply is applied to the drain of switching FET Q1 through inductor L2.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions RF power module (NAP34A) See electrical schematics Figures SD-19 and SD-20. The RF power module is effectively two wideband RF amplifiers for the AM broadcast frequency band (530 - 1710 kHz). The RF power module consists of an RF drive control PWB, an RF drive tuning assembly, a modulator input/output PWB and duplicated assemblies for the two wideband amplifiers.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions RF drive b+ current limiter The RF drive B+ current limiter is effectively a voltage controlled variable resistor in the RF drive amplifier's B+ voltage path. The magnitude of the control voltage applied to the base of the reference power transistor is determined by circuitry which monitors the RF drive signal's voltage and current.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Latching low rf drive detector Comparator U2D and the peak detector formed by CR8/C7/R6 form the latching low RF drive detector circuit. The RF drive level applied to CR8, which is a sample of the tuned RF drive voltage waveform (from the secondary of T3), is peak detected and applied to U2D's inverting input.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions High temp detector Comparator U2B in conjunction with two negative temperature coefficient thermistors mounted on the module's heat sinks, form the high temp detector circuit. The thermistors are connected in parallel and, with R1, form a voltage divider to +15 V. The voltage output of the voltage divider is applied to the inverting input of U2B.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Comparator U6A, inverter U7A and their associated components form the low PA volts detector 'A' circuit. The PDM 1 signal applied to J2-2 is applied through R52 to an average detector formed by R58/C48.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions U7A's output will switch to a current-sink-to-ground. A ground potential will be applied to the junction of DS3/CR35 through CR34. The 15 V current source will be removed from J3-11. The PA input/output PWB's RF amplifier fault detector circuit will be reset if it was activated. Its fault detection capability will be inhibited as long as the junction of DS3/CR35 is a ground potential (see “RF amplifier failure detector”...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions • Be applied to the cathodes of CR26, CR28, CR40 and CR42 as a logic true reset command. The PDM input to all four low PA volts detectors will effectively be clamped to ground for the duration of the reset pulse.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Modulator input/output pwb The modulator input/output PWB interfaces the B+ VDC, PDM, and gate bias drive inputs and the PDM (B+) outputs of the four modulator assemblies. The B+ voltage for each modulator is separately fused at 20 A.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Modulator filter See electrical schematic Figure SD-20. An inductor, L/C components on the modulator filter and the input capacitance of two RF amplifiers form a low pass filter for the modulator's PDM (B+) output. The filter is connected as a multi-pole, tuned filter that shunts the PDM frequency component of the PDM (B+) input to ground.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Normally, the RF drive currents will be balanced, there will be minimal voltage across T1's secondary and the voltage applied to Q1's gate will not be sufficient to forward bias it. Q1 will be turned off and the RF Amp Fail signal will be logic false since 24 V is being applied from a pull-up resistor in the RF drive control PWB's crowbar switch circuit.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions Figure 2.2: Simplified Principles of Class ‘D’ Operation Simple Class 'D' Operation If the switch is opened and closed with a 50% duty cycle, a square wave at the switching frequency results at the filter input.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Detailed Circuit Descriptions RF drive buffer PWB (NAPE77A/01) See electrical schematic Figure SD-30. The 0 - 15 V RF carrier frequency signals generated by the RF synthesizer PWBs are applied to the RF Drive A (J1) and B (J2) inputs. The active RF Drive signal, as selected by relay K1, is applied to MOSFET drivers U2A through U5A .
• Follow the family tree branches to the block that represents the lowest level assembly assigned a Nautel nomenclature. Then refer to the parts list at the end of this section. Issue 3.0 2009-07-28 Page 3-1...
Nautel part (e.g., 202-8005-01) • optional kits that are assigned a numbered Nautel part. To obtain the full reference designation for a specific part the Nautel configuration control number must be located in the family tree (see Figure 3.1 on page 3-6) to include the reference designation of all higher level assemblies.
The listed number is Nautel's usual or preferred choice. The use of this number does not restrict Nautel from selecting and using commercial equivalents during manufacture, where their use will not degrade circuit operation or reliability.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Parts Lists Common abbreviations/acronyms The following abbreviations/acronyms may appear in the Description of Part column: • Denotes item is designed to be installed using Surface Mount Technology. • Denotes item is a Mass Termination Assembly connector. •...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Parts Lists Table 3.1: OEM Codes / Manufacturers OEM Code Manufacturer OEM Code Manufacturer 1FN41 Atmel Corporation 59124 KOA Speer Electronics Inc. 1JRT7 Epson Electronics American Inc. 5Y407 Phoenix Contact Inc. 1KK13 ITT Industries Incorporated 61529 Airmat Corporation...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Parts Lists Figure 3.1: XR12 Family Tree XR12 12KW AM BROADCAST TRANSMITTER NARA42B (SEE PART NUMBER INDEX FOR ALL SUB-ASSEMBLIES) CONTROL PANEL EXCITER PANEL NAC113B NAE90A A1A1 A1A2 A2A1 A2A2 CONTROL/DISPLAY PWB DYNAMIC CARRIER CONTROL PWB EXCITER INTERFACE PWB...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Parts Lists Figure 3.2: NAP34A RF Power Module Family Tree RF POWER MODULE NAP34A RF DRIVE CONTROL PWB RF TUNING ASSY MODULATOR ASSY NAPC150A NOT USED NAX180C NASM07H MODULATOR ASSY MODULATOR FILTER ASSY MODULATOR FILTER ASSY PA INPUT/OUTPUT PWB...
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NAPC150A RF Drive Control PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Not Used NOT USED 37338 Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.47uF 10% 50V CCG09 CKR06BX474KRV 56289 Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.1uF 10%100V CCG07 CKR06BX104KRV 56289 Capacitor, Tantalum, Dipped, 10uF, 35V CCP36...
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Continued from previous page NAPC150A RF Drive Control PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Capacitor, Tantalum, Dipped, 10uF, 35V...
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Continued from previous page NAPC150A RF Drive Control PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE CR18 Diode, Zener Transient Supressor, 20V QI29 P6KE20CA 07263 CR19 Not Used NOT USED 37338 CR20 Not Used NOT USED 37338 CR21...
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Continued from previous page NAPC150A RF Drive Control PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE CR57 Diode, General Purpose, 200V,0.1A QAP29 1N4938 07263 CR58 Diode, General Purpose, 200V,0.1A QAP29 1N4938 07263 CR59 Diode, General Purpose, 200V,0.1A QAP29...
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Continued from previous page NAPC150A RF Drive Control PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Transistor, FET, N Channel, 100V, 8A QR13 IRF520(STATIC) 81483 Transistor, FET, N Channel, 100V, 8A QR13 IRF520(STATIC) 81483 Transistor, PNP, Switch/Amplifier QA14...
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Continued from previous page NAPC150A RF Drive Control PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE IC, Comparator, Quad UL02 MC3302L(STATIC) 04713 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XE01 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XF01 Fuseholder, PWB Mount, Type 3AG...
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Continued from previous page NAPE77A/01 RF Driver Buffer PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Resistor, Film, 10 Ohms, 5%, 2W RBP01 GS-3, 10 OHMS 75042 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used...
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Continued from previous page NAPI83/01A Remote Interface PWB,XR Series REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED...
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Continued from previous page NAPI83/01A Remote Interface PWB,XR Series REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Transistor,SMT,NPN,Switch/Amp,SOT-23 QBNS01 MMBT4401LT1(STATI 04713 Transistor,SMT,NPN,Switch/Amp,SOT-23 QBNS01 MMBT4401LT1(STATI 04713 Transistor,SMT,MOSFET,N-Channel,60V,115mA,SOT- QN53 2N7002LT1G(STATIC) 1MQ07 (ROHS) Not Used NOT USED 37338 Transistor,SMT,NPN,Switch/Amp,SOT-23 QBNS01 MMBT4401LT1(STATI 04713 R001...
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Continued from previous page NAPI83/01A Remote Interface PWB,XR Series REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE XE12 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XE13 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XE14 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XE15 Not Used NOT USED...
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NAPI90/01 Distribution PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.1uF 10%100V CCG07 CKR06BX104KRV 56289 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.01uF 10% 100V CCG04 CKR05BX103KRV 56289 Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.1uF 10%100V CCG07 CKR06BX104KRV 56289 Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.1uF 10%100V...
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Continued from previous page NAPI90/01 Distribution PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Capacitor, Tantalum, 22uF 10PC 35V CCP20 CSR13F226KM 56289 Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.1uF 10%100V CCG07 CKR06BX104KRV 56289 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED...
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Continued from previous page NAPI90/01 Distribution PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE CR02 Not Used NOT USED 37338 CR03 Diode, General Purpose, 200V,0.1A QAP29 1N4938 07263 CR04 Diode, General Purpose, 200V,0.1A QAP29 1N4938 07263 CR05 Diode, General Purpose, 200V,0.1A...
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Continued from previous page NAPI90/01 Distribution PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Conn, Header, Ribbon Cbl, 40 pin JP52 499910-9 00779...
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Continued from previous page NAPI90/01 Distribution PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Transistor, NPN, Switch/Amplifier QA45 2N4401 04713 Transistor, PNP, Switch/Amplifier QA44 2N4403 04713 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Transistor, FET, N Channel, 100V, 8A QR13...
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Continued from previous page NAPI90/01 Distribution PWB Assy REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE RT18 Not Used NOT USED 37338 RT19 Not Used NOT USED 37338 RT20 Not Used NOT USED 37338 RT21 Not Used NOT USED 37338...
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NAPS30/01 48-62V DC-DC PS, XR Series REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.001uF 10% 200V CCG01 CKR05BX102KRV 91929 SPRAGUE Capacitor, Ceramic, 1.0uF 100V CAP16 RPE114Z5U105M100V 91929 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338...
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Continued from previous page NAPS30/01 48-62V DC-DC PS, XR Series REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE CR06 Diode, Pwr Rectifier, 1200V,8A QM46 ISL9R8120P2(STATIC) 07263 CR07 Diode, Pwr Rectifier, 1200V,8A QM46 ISL9R8120P2(STATIC) 07263 CR08 Not Used NOT USED 37338...
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Continued from previous page NAPS30/01 48-62V DC-DC PS, XR Series REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Not Used NOT USED 37338 Resistor, MF, 10.0K Ohms, 1PC1/4W RAB37 MF1/4DL1002F 59124 Resistor, MF, 27.4K Ohms, 1PC1/4W RAB42 MF1/4DL2742F 59124 Resistor, MF, 1.50K Ohms, 1PC1/4W...
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Continued from previous page NAPS30/01 48-62V DC-DC PS, XR Series REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE XE01 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XE02 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XQ01 Not Used NOT USED 37338 XQ02 Not Used NOT USED...
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NAPX31/04 B+ Distribution PWB Assy, XR12 REFDES DESCRIPTION NAUTEL # VENDOR # OEM CODE Not Used NOT USED 37338 Not Used NOT USED 37338 Capacitor, Elect, 2200uF 50V CD12 UVX1H222MRA 55680 CR01 Diode, Zener, 56V, 1W, 5% QM23 1N4758A 04713...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Wiring/connector lists Section 4: Wiring/connector lists This section contains the wiring information for the hard-wired assemblies of the transmitter, and applicable connector mating information. Wiring lists provided Wiring lists are provided in tabular format. Table 4.1 on page 4-2 lists the tables containing wiring information.
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XR12 Transmitter (page 4-6) Table 4.9 NAP34A RF Power Module (page 4-11) Table 4.11 Fan Tray Assembly (Nautel Part # 202-7020, page 4-12) Table 4.3: Wiring List - XR12 Transmitter Source Destination Wire # Colour Size Remarks P02-02 Center P02-03 Shield...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Wiring/connector lists Table 4.5: Wiring List - RF Power Blocks Source Destination Wire # Colour Size Remarks P3-01 P1-01 White P3-02 P1-02 White P3-03 P1-03 White P3-04 P1-04 Center P3-05 P1-05 Shield P3-06 P1-06 Center P3-07 P1-07...
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Wiring/connector lists Table 4.6: Wiring List - Interface Between RF Power Module and Distribution PWB Source Destination Wire # Colour Size Remarks P3-01 P1-01 White P3-02 P1-02 White P3-03 P1-03 White P3-04 P1-04 White 1-Conductor P3-05 P1-05...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Reading Electrical Schematics Section 5: Reading Electrical Schematics This section contains electrical schematics and logic diagrams for the transmitter. Block diagrams, simplified electrical schematics, and logic diagrams may be included. Refer to Table 5.1 for an itemized listing.
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Reading Electrical Schematics Unique symbols Nautel uses unique symbols on electrical schematics to describe logic (two-state) signals. These signals differ from single-state signals or analog signals that may have multiple values. Type of inputs and outputs On electrical schematics, names used to describe logic (two-state) input and output signals are prefixed with a # symbol.
3-1, and follow the family tree branches to the block that contains the reference designation and associated Nautel nomenclature (e.g., NAP34A). Refer to Table 5.1 with the Nautel nomenclature number and the description to identify the appropriate figure number.
Refer to Table 4.1 with the name and Nautel nomenclature number of each family tree block in the path, starting at the highest assembly (normally Figure MD-1 ). Determine the figure number for that assembly.
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XR12 Transmitter - Control/Monitor Stage (Sheet 1 of 4) SD-2 XR12 Transmitter - Exciter Stage (Sheet 2 of 4) SD-3 XR12 Transmitter - Ac/Dc Power Stage and RF Power Stage (Sheet 3 of 4) SD-4 XR12 Transmitter - RF Output Filter (Sheet 4 of 4) SD-5...
XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Mechanical Drawings Section 6: Mechanical Drawings Introduction This section contains mechanical drawings for assemblies of the subject equipment. Dimensional drawings may be included. Refer to Table 6.1 for an itemized list. Assembly detail drawings for assemblies and modules that have separate maintenance manuals are not included.
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XR12 Troubleshooting Manual Mechanical Drawings Table 6.1: List of Mechanical Drawings Figure # Title MD-1 XR12 Transmitter MD-2 NAC113B Control Panel (Rear View) MD-3 NAPC147D Control/Display PWB MD-4 NAPX05E/02 Dynamic Carrier Control PWB (optional) MD-5 NAE90A Exciter Panel MD-6 NAPI82A Exciter Interface PWB...
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NAUTEL ASSY 202-7000 48/63V POWER SUPPLY NAPS SER. AC IND CR10 CR11 CR12 CR18 V OUT CR19 CR16 +18V M2020030 V1 Figure MD-29: NAPS30/01 Fan Power Supply (48 V) Issue 3.0 2009-07-28 MD-29...
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RF DRIVE (TEST) RF DRIVER NAPE77 SER. RF DRIVE (A) RF PHASE RF DRIVE (B) RF DRIVE (C) M3 PAN HEAD SCREW SEMICONDUCTOR HEATSINK RF DRIVE (D) RF DRIVE A M3 WASHER EXCTR A RF DRIVE (E) #4 BELLEVILLE WASHER RF DRIVE B M3 HEX NUT EXCTR B...
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List of terms Section 7: List of terms This section defines some of the terms that are used in Nautel documentation. Audio Engineering Society/European Broadcasting Union (AES/EBU) is the name of a AES-EBU. digital audio transfer standard. The AES/EBU digital interface is usually implemented using 3-pin XLR connectors (the same type connector used in professional microphones).
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Preset. day and date basis. Exciters can be configured on a preset for a specific operating mode (for example, Exciter A - conventional AM, and Exciter B - IBOC). The XR12 allows you to pre-program up to six presets. A complete loss of RF output power, caused by any one of a variety of faults, including Shutback.
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Acrobat documentation, viii NAPE70B RF synthesizer PWB arcing, xiii Nautel # column, Nautel User Group, on website, viii Connector mating information, newsletter, for customers, viii customer newsletter, viii NUG, Nautel User Group, viii Description column, OEM code column, OEM code to manufacturer’s cross-refer-...
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Schematics, identifying, Schematics, logic symbols, Schematics, reference designations, Schematics, structure, Schematics, unique symbols, training, typical program content ungrounded surfaces, xiii user group, on Nautel website, viii user guides, viii using this manual, Vendor # column, warning signs, xiii website, Nautel,...
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