Chapter 4.2 Uhf1 Detailed Theories Of Operation; Introduction; Frequency Synthesis - Motorola ASTRO XTS 2500 Service Manual

Chapter 4.2 UHF1 Detailed Theories of Operation

4.2.1 Introduction

This chapter provides a detailed circuit description of the ASTRO XTS 2500/XTS 2500
XTS 1500 radio board. When reading the theory of operation, refer to the appropriate schematic and
component location diagrams located in the back of this manual. This detailed theory of operation
can help isolate the problem to a particular component.
This manual is to be used in conjunction with the ASTRO XTS 2500, XTS 2500
XTS 1500, MT 1500 Digital Portable Radios Basic Service Manual (Motorola part number
6816984H01), which uses the pass/fail service approach to radio problems.

4.2.2 Frequency Synthesis

The complete synthesizer subsystem consists of the following:
• The reference oscillator (Y200)
• Two voltage-controlled oscillators (TX and RX)
• Two voltage-controlled oscillator discreet buffers (TX and RX)
• The synthesizer (U202)
The reference oscillator contains a temperature-compensated 16.8 MHz crystal. This oscillator is
digitally tuned and contains a temperature-referenced, six-bit, analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The
output of the oscillator (pin 3 on Y200) is applied to pin 23 (XTAL1) of U202 through capacitor C214.
The voltage-controlled oscillators are varactor-tuned. The voltage (2V - 11V) varies as it is being
applied to varactors D251 to D254 and D271 to D274 of their respective Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator (VCO). The capacitance of the varactors also varies, thereby changing the output
frequency of the VCOs. Both the VCOs are used to cover the entire 90MHz bandwidth of the UHF
range 1, 380MHz to 470MHz band.
• TX VCO covers the transmit frequencies from 380 MHz to 470 MHz
• RX VCO covers the receive frequencies from 306.65 MHz to 396.65 MHz
The TX VCO and the RX VCO are selected using AUX 3 and AUX 2 respectively. Both VCOs are
connected to the same Prescaler filter (C289, L277 and C290) feeding back to PREIN of the U202,
through C291.
The synthesizer IC consists of the following:
• A prescaler
• A programmable loop divider
• A divider logic control
• A phase detector
• A charge pump
• An A/D converter for low-frequency digital modulation
• A balance attenuator to balance the high-frequency analog modulation to the low-frequency
digital modulation
• A 13V positive voltage multiplier
• A serial interface for control
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/XTS 2250/
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, XTS 2250,