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Orban OPTIMOD-FM 8600 Operating Manual

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Operating Manual

OPTIMOD-FM

8600

Digital Audio Processor

Version 4.1 Software

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Page 1 Operating Manual OPTIMOD-FM 8600 Digital Audio Processor Version 4.1 Software...
Page 2: Model Number
European Parliament, this product must not be discarded into the municipal waste stream in any of the Member States. This product may be sent back to your Orban dealer at end of life where it will be reused or recy- cled at no cost to you.
Page 3: Important Safety Instructions
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the appliance is operated. Retain Instructions: The safety and operation instructions should be retained for future reference. Heed Warnings: All warnings on the appliance and in the operating instructions should be adhered to. Follow Instructions: All operation and user instructions should be followed.
Page 4 Safety Instructions (German) Gerät nur an der am Leistungsschild vermerkten Spannung und Stromart betreiben. Sicherungen nur durch solche, gleicher Stromstärke und gleichen Abschaltverhaltens ersetzen. Sicherungen nie überbrücken. Jedwede Beschädigung des Netzkabels vermeiden. Netzkabel nicht knicken oder quetschen. Beim Abziehen des Netzkabels den Stecker und nicht das Kabel enfassen.
Page 5 (2) Check the other sections of the Manual (consult the Table of Contents and Index) to see if there might be some sug- gestions regarding your problem. (3) After reading the section on Factory Assistance, you may call Orban Customer Service for advice during normal Cali- fornia business hours. The number is +1 856.719.9900.
Page 6 All trademarks are property of their respective companies. This manual was published September 2016. © Copyright Orban. This document may be freely printed and distributed by Orban’s customers, but its text may not be incorporated into derivative works. Orban Labs Inc., 7209 Browning Road, Pennsauken NJ 08110 USA...
Page 7 Operating Manual OPTIMOD-FM 8600 Digital Audio Processor Version 4.1 Software...
Page 8: Table Of Contents
Composite Baseband Microwave STLs (Analog and Digital) ........1-18 Dual Microwave STLs ...................... 1-18 Analog Landline (PTT / Post Office Line) ............... 1-19 Using the Orban 8100AST (or 8100A/ST) External AGC with the 8600 ....1-19 STL and Exciter Overshoot ..................1-20 ..............1-20...
Page 9 RONT ANEL AGC I ) ............... 2-15 XTERNAL NSTALLATION OPTIONAL If you are using an Orban 8200ST external AGC: ..........2-16 Figure 2-4: 8200ST Jumper Settings (*Factory Configuration) ........2-16 ......................... 2-18 UICK ETUP I/O S ..................2-27 NALOG AND...
Page 10 EMOTE ONTROL OFTWARE Installing the Necessary Windows Services ............2-66 Check Hardware Requirements ................2-67 Running the Orban Installer Program ..............2-67 Setting Up Ethernet, LAN, and VPN Connections ..........2-68 Conclusion ......................2-69 ........... 2-69 YNCHRONIZING PTIMOD TO A...
Page 11 ..................3-3 NTRODUCTION TO ROCESSING Some Audio Processing Concepts ................3-3 Distortion in Processing................... 3-4 Loudness and Distortion ..................3-4 OPTIMOD-FM—from Bach to Rock ................ 3-5 Fundamental Requirements: High-Quality Source Material and Accurate Monitoring ....................... 3-6 8600’ .............. 3-7 BOUT THE IGNAL ROCESSING EATURES...
Page 12 About Aliases created by Optimod 8600 PC Remote Software ......3-94 Multiple Installations of Optimod 8600 PC Remote ........... 3-95 White Paper: Measuring the Improvements in Optimod-FM 8600’s FM Peak Limiting Technology ....................3-97 Figure 3-5 Madonna, “Get Together” remix; third-octave difference ....... 3-97 Introduction ........................
Page 13 Figure 3-9 Simple Minds, “Alive and Kicking” ............3-101 Figure 3-10 Stanford Research Systems Model SR785 Dynamic Signal Analyzer ..3-102 Conclusions ........................3-102 Section Maintenance ............................4-1 ....................4-1 OUTINE AINTENANCE ..............4-1 UBASSEMBLY EMOVAL AND EINSTALLATION ..................4-7 IELD UDIT OF ERFORMANCE...
Page 14 Connection Issues between the 8600 and a PC, Modem, or Network ....5-8 Troubleshooting Connections ................. 5-9 You Cannot Access the Internet After Making a Direct or Modem Connection to the 8600: ........................ 5-10 OS-S ................5-10 PECIFIC ROUBLESHOOTING DVICE Troubleshooting Windows XP Direct Connect: ...........
Page 15 Function Description Drawing Page and RS-232 daughterboard. Drawing Contains: System Connections Schematic 1 of 4 6-39 CPU board interface Schematic 2 of 4 6-40 Power Supply Monitor Schematic 3 of 4 6-41 CPLD, General Purpose Interface, Schematic 4 of 4 6-42 and Remotes CPU board...
Page 16 Function Description Drawing Page Boards Drawing LCD Carrier Schematic 1 of 3 6-71 Headphone and Encoder Board Parts Locator 6-72 Drawings Headphone Board Schematic 2 of 3 6-73 Encoder Board Schematic 3 of 3 6-74 Front-Panel Parts Locator 6-75 Interface Drawing Board Schematic 1 of 2...
Page 17: Index
Index Master 3- · 37 Analog output 2- · 7 19 K Ref control 2- · 11 Analog auto-fallback 2- · 40, 41 Analog baseband outputs 1- · 10 Analog delay remote control 2- · 61 analog fallback 2- · 32 2B Drive 3- ·...
Page 18 Backing up presets 3- · 90 BS.1770 Safety Limiter 2- · 15 backup Button bar folder location 3- · 91 FM > HD coupling 3- · 71 Balance adjust Buttons · 1 I/O setup 2- · 32 Enter 2- · 13 balanced Escape 2- ·...
Page 19 GPI control of 2- · 61 through Win XP direct serial 2- · 81 Connection to PC Setting 2- · 42 Setting via Internet 2- · 69 Troubleshooting 5- · 8 Clock-based automation 2- · 42 Connectors codec artifacts Audio 2- · 6 Connectors 2- ·...
Page 20 Dull sound adjusting via API 2- · 54 diagnostic info troubleshooting 5- · 5 fetching via API 2- · 56 Dialnorm re Loudness Level meter 1- · 25 digital composite setup 2- · 38 modulation Low 5- · 5 digital encoder EAS test tones 1- ·...
Page 21 Firewall 2- · 64, 68, 88 Grouping 8600s Firmware In PC Remote 3- · 94 updating 8600 2- · 72 Five-band structure Customizing settings 3- · 59 Setup controls 3- · 59 Half-cosine interpolation limiter 3- · 12, Five-band structure 3- · 20, 58 FM >...
Page 22 HF Clipping 3- · 47 terminal connection 2- · 58 ITU-412 3- · 80 HF Enhance control 3- · 35 ITU-R 412 3- · 13 HF enhancer 3- · 9 ITU-R 412 requirements 2- · 24 hiding meters 2 - · 45 ITU-R BS.1770 1- ·...
Page 23 Location 1- · 13 MPX Power Level 3- · 81 Meter Sel control 3- · 74 Lock Meters Driven equipment cannot lock to 8600 output 5- · 6 circuit description 6- · 8 Locked out 2- · 48 studio 1- · 21 Mod reduction Lockout explained 2- ·...
Page 24 Null modem cable Programming 2- · 44 Communicating through 2- · 75 Null modem cable 2- · 67 Orban installer program 2- · 67 PC board locator diagram 6- · 37 PC card port 2- · 5 PC control security 1- · 30 Out level control PC hardware requirements 2- ·...
Page 25 phase skew corrector 3- · 8 restoring archived 3- · 92 Saving from PC Remote 3- · 90 Phase-linear sharing between 8600s 3- · 93 System group delay spec · 13 Presets Pilot Protection Filter 3- · 44 Factory 1- · 8 pilot reference 2- ·...
Page 26 Sample rate converter terminal timeout 2- · 117 Testing 4- · 12 Saving user presets 3- · 18 timeout 2- · 115 RDS -2 · 110 Rear panel 2- · 5 digitized setup 2- · 38 Recalling preset Input, specifications 6- · 5 inputs 1- ·...
Page 27 Software Subcarrier input 1- · 11 Subcarrier input 2- · 9 updating 8600 2- · 72 software updates 1- · 7 subcarriers Software Updates 1- · 7 digitized 1- · 11 Solo 3- · 66 digtized 5- · 8 Subnet Source material Crossing 2- ·...
Page 28 terminal connection 2- · 57 Tone activate via GPI 2- · 61 Vestigial sideband 3- · 11 Transformer view meters 2- · 45 Composite isolation 2- · 10 Voice/music balance 3- · 18 Troubleshooting Voltage select switch 2- · 2, 5 Installation 5- ·...
Page 29: Introduction
Because OPTIMOD-FM incorporates several audio processing innovations exclusive to Orban products, you should not assume that it can be operated in the same way as less sophisticated processors. If you do, you may get disappointing results.
Page 30: User-Friendly Interface
If you wish to place level protection prior to your studio / transmitter link (STL), use the Orban Optimod 6300 or Optimod-PC 1101 or 1101e. These processors can be ad- justed so that they substitute for the AGC circuitry in OPTIMOD-FM, which is then defeated.
Page 31 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION • The 8600 provides preemphasis limiting for the internationally used preemphasis curves of 50µs and 75µs. Compared to its predecessor, its new clip- ping/preemphasis-control technology preserves 2.5 to 3 dB more high frequency energy while significantly reducing audible clipping distortion at all frequencies. This produces a clean, open sound whose subjective brightness more closely matches the original program.
Page 32: Flexible Configuration
Flexible Configuration • OPTIMOD-FM 8600 is supplied with analog and AES3 digital inputs and out- puts. The digital input and the two digital outputs are equipped with sample- rate converters and can operate at 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.1 kHz, and 96 kHz sample rates.
Page 33: Adaptability Through Multiple Audio Processing Structures
• All input, output, and power connections are rigorously RFI-suppressed to Orban’s traditional exacting standards, ensuring trouble-free installation. • The 8600 is designed and certified to meet all applicable international safe- ty and emissions standards.
Page 34: Controllable
A special Two-Band preset cre- ates a no-compromise “Protect” function that is functionally similar to the “Pro- tect” structures in earlier Orban digital processors. The 8600’s two new “MX” structures (five-band and two-band) are similar to their 8500 counterparts except that they use the 8600’s new peak limiting tech-...
Page 35 INTRODUCTION • The 8600 is equipped with a serial port to interface to an IBM-compatible com- puter running Orban’s PC Remote software. The connection can be either direct or through an external modem. • The 8600 has a second serial port that allows the user to set up security and communications parameters through a simple ASCII terminal program run- ning on any PC.
Page 36: 8600Mpx Features
These implantations use the left audio channel of the AES3 connection to carry the baseband, but their 96 kHz Nyquist frequency makes them unable to convey 92 kHz SCAs without aliasing. Orban’s implemen- tation extends the standard by using the right audio channel of the link to pro- vide bandwidth extension that accommodates the full 0-99 kHz baseband when used with hardware designed to use this extra information.
Page 37: Input/Output Configuration
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION You can store as many User Presets (at least 100) as you have available memory. You may enter in any name you wish, up to 18 characters. The only exception is that you cannot name a User Preset the same as a Factory Preset, regardless of upper or lower case.
Page 38: Analog Left/Right Input/Output
1-10 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 8600 OPTIMOD-FM simultaneously accommodates digital and analog inputs and outputs. You can switch any of the 8600’s outputs between the analog-channel processing, a low-delay monitor signal, and the HD-channel processing. You select whether OPTIMOD-FM uses the digital or analog input on the In- put/output screen, by PC remote control, or by GPI (General Purpose Interface) opti- cally-isolated remote control.
Page 39: Subcarriers
1-11 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION de-facto industry standard digital connection being implemented by transmitter manufacturers and others. Subcarriers The stereo encoder has two unbalanced 600Ω subcarrier (SCA) inputs with rear-panel BNC connectors to accept any subcarrier at or above 23 kHz. The subcarriers are mixed into each composite output and their level is not affected by the composite level control for that output.
Page 40: Remote Control Interface
1-12 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 8600 quency standards. You can configure the 8600 to lock its 19 kHz pilot tone and out- put sample frequency to this input. When a valid reference signal is applied to this input, it locks the Optimod’s Internal DSP clock to this input, so if a given AES3 L/R output’s sync source is set to I...
Page 41: Location Of Optimod-Fm
1-13 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Location of OPTIMOD-FM Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels The audio processing circuitry in OPTIMOD-FM produces a signal that is pre- emphasized to either the 50µs or 75µs standard preemphasis curve. It is precisely and absolutely high-frequency-controlled peak-controlled prevent...
Page 42: Best Location For Optimod-Fm
1-14 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Best Location for OPTIMOD-FM The best location for OPTIMOD-FM is as close as possible to the transmitter, so that its stereo encoder output can be connected to the transmitter through a circuit path that introduces the least possible change in the shape of OPTIMOD-FM’s carefully peak-limited composite waveform—a short length of coaxial cable.
Page 43 You will achieve a louder sound on the air, with bet- ter control of peak modulation, than if you use most external stereo encoders. An exception is Orban’s 8218 stereo encoder, which does not add overshoot, and, in fact, contains its own overshoot limiter. However, because it accepts audio in left/right form, the 8218 will not let you exploit the 8600’s composite limiter.
Page 44: Studio-Transmitter Link
1-16 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 8600 fortably above the separation (approximately 20dB) that starts to cause perceptible changes in the stereo image. Studio-Transmitter Link Transmission from Studio to Transmitter There are five types of studio-transmitter links (STLs) in common use in broadcast service: uncompressed digital, digital with lossy compression (like MPEG, Dolby ®...
Page 45 1-17 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION system the higher the data rate, the less the peak levels will be corrupted by added noise, so use the highest data rate practical in your system. It is practical (though not ideal) to use lossy data reduction to pass unprocessed au- dio to the 8600’s input.
Page 46: Composite Baseband Microwave Stls (Analog And Digital)
STL is good enough to pass unprocessed audio. The signal-to-noise ratio of the STL can be used optimally if an Orban Optimod-PC 1101, Optimod 6300, 8200ST Compressor / Limiter / HF Limiter / Clipper or an 4000 Transmission Limiter protects the link from overload.
Page 47: Analog Landline (Ptt / Post Office Line)
Some consultants presently offer modifications to minimize or eliminate this prob- lem. If your exciter or STL has this problem, you may contact Orban Customer Service for the latest information on such services. Analog Landline (PTT / Post Office Line) Analog landline quality is extremely variable, ranging from excellent to poor.
Page 48: Stl And Exciter Overshoot
AGC to drive both the 8600 and the 8100A1 (also called 8100A/1) transmitter chassis in parallel. This is usually practical. However, complica- tions will occur if you are not using an Orban 8100AXT2 (also called 8100A/XT2) Six- Band Limiter Accessory with your 8100A1, because, to correctly drive an 8600, the external AGC must be strapped as if it were driving an 8100A1 (or 8100A/1) + 8100AXT2 (or 8100A/XT2) system.
Page 49: About Transmission Levels And Metering
1-21 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Accordingly, if you use lossy data reduction in the studio, you should use the highest data rate possible. This maximizes the headroom between the added noise and the threshold where it will be heard. Also, you should minimize the number of encode and decode cycles, because each cycle moves the added noise closer to the threshold where the added noise is heard.
Page 50: Transmission Levels
1-22 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 8600 In facilities that use PPMs that indicate level directly in dBu, maximum program and line-up level is often +6dBu. Instantaneous peaks will reach +11dBu or more. Transmission Levels The transmission engineer is primarily concerned with the peak level of a program to prevent overloading or over-modulation of the transmission system.
Page 51: Line-Up Facilities
1-23 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION In FM modulation (FM / VHF radio and television broadcast, microwave or analog satellite links), it is the maximum-permitted RF carrier frequency deviation. In AM modulation, it is negative carrier pinch-off. In analog telephone / post / PTT trans- mission, it is the level above which serious crosstalk into other channels occurs, or the level at which the amplifiers in the channel overload.
Page 52: Composite Output Level
Composite Output Level The Orban 8600 Audio Processor controls instantaneous, absolute peak levels to a tolerance of approximately ±0.1 dB. Composite modulation is indicated in percent- age modulation, absolute instantaneous peak indicating. 100% is calibrated to the...
Page 53: Built-In Calibrated Line-Up Tones
1-25 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION integration time of the Short-Term Meter is always 3 seconds, while the Integrated Meter uses silence gating and its integration time is 10 seconds. Because the meter is always monitoring program material, it integrates the previous 10 seconds of pro- gram material and weights all program material equally within the specified time window.
Page 54: Built-In Calibrated Bypass Test Mode
1-26 INTRODUCTION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The pilot tone stereo system has an interleaving property, which means that the ste- reo composite modulation is approximately equal to the higher of the left or right channels. Because the pilot tone is phase-synchronous with the stereo subcarrier, the composite modulation will actually increase about 2.7% when the...
Page 55 1-27 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Using the monitor output is appropriate for both HD Radio and non-HD Radio oper- ations, while using a non-MX preset on-air is only useful in non-HD Radio operations where no diversity delay has been applied to the analog FM transmission. Because of their higher performance, we recommend using MX presets in HD Radio operations.
Page 56: Low-Delay Monitoring
Ultra-low latency processing uses a separate, parallel processing structure and is invoked by recalling any “UL” preset. This structure operates simultaneously with other code, so, unlike the similar structure in Orban’s Optimod 8300, it does not require a code re-load and does not cause a gap in programming.
Page 57: Eas Test
1-29 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INTRODUCTION Because of system architecture, it is necessary to include the Multipath Mitigator/Phase Corrector in the signal path before the low delay moni- tor output. If this is activated in I/O Setup (step 8 on page 2-32), it adds about 250 ms delay, and the “low delay”...
Page 58: Pc Control And Security Passcode
LIMITED WARRANTY [Valid only for products purchased and used in the United States] Orban warrants Orban products against defects in material or workmanship for a period of five years from the date of original purchase for use, and agrees to repair...
Page 59: International Warranty
However, the limitation of any right or remedy shall not be effective where such is prohibited or restricted by law. Simply take or ship your Orban products prepaid to our service department. Be sure to include a copy of your sales slip as proof of purchase date. We will not repair transit damage under the no-charge terms of this warranty.
Page 61: Section 2 Installation
C) Complete the Registration Card and return it to Orban. (please) The Registration Card enables us to inform you of new applications, per- formance improvements, software updates, and service aids that may be...
Page 62 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 without our having to request a copy of your bill of sale or other proof of purchase. Please fill in the Registration Card and send it to us today. (The Registration Card is located after the cover page).
Page 63 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION D) Check power cord. AC power passes through an IEC-standard mains connector and an RF fil- ter designed to meet the standards of all international safety authorities. The power cord is terminated in a “U-ground” plug (USA standard), or CEE7 / 7 plug (Continental Europe).
Page 64: Figure 2-2: Wiring The 25-Pin Remote Interface Connector
INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Figure 2-2: Wiring the 25-pin Remote Interface Connector 6. Connect tally outputs (optional) See the schematic on page 6-42. There are two tally outputs, which are NPN open-collector and operate with re- spect to pin 1 (common). Therefore, the voltage applied to the load (such as a re- lay or optoisolator) must be positive.
Page 65: 8600 Rear Panel
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 7. Connect to a computer You can connect to a computer via the 8600’s serial connector or via an Ethernet network. (See Networking on page 2-63.) See Installing 8600 PC Remote Control Software on page 2-66 for more detail. 8600 Rear Panel The Voltage Select switch can be set to 115V (for 90-130V operation) or 230V (for 180-260V operation).
Page 66: Audio Input And Output Connections
INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Two SCA Inputs are provided for stations that use additional subcarriers (SCAs). Each input uses a BNC connector. The second SCA input can be reconfigured via an internal hardware jumper as a Pilot Reference Output useful for RDS (RBDS) subcar- rier generators that require an external sync reference.
Page 67: Analog Audio Output
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION site), also connect the shield to pin 1 of the male XLR-type connector at the 8600 input. • If the output of the driving unit is unbalanced and does not have separate CHASSIS GROUND and (–) (or LOW) output terminals, connect both the shield and the black wire to the common (–) or ground terminal of the driving unit.
Page 68: Connecting A Ratings Encoder
INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Per the AES3 standard, each digital input or output line carries both the left and right stereo channels. The connection is 110Ω balanced. The AES3 standard specifies a maximum cable length of 100 meters. While almost any balanced, shielded cable will work for relatively short runs (5 meters or less), longer runs require used of 110Ω...
Page 69: Composite Output And Subcarrier Inputs
Your warranty does not cover damage caused by incorrect re- work tools or procedures. Orban can perform this rework for a flat fee of $100. If you are in doubt, please con- tact Orban customer service to obtain a Return Authorization. See Technical Support starting on page 5-12.
Page 70: Figure 2-3: Separation Vs. Load Capacitance
2-10 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 citer end. This also eases thermal stresses on the output amplifier in the stereo encoder and can thus extend equipment life. If a composite isolation transformer is used to break a ground loop, the exciter must present a 1kΩ or greater load to the transformer for proper transformer operation.
Page 71: Digital Composite Outputs
2-11 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION drawing on page 6-37. The schematic diagram showing J400 is on page 6- Connect your subcarrier generator(s) to the 8600’s subcarrier input(s) with coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors. The subcarrier inputs have greater than 600Ω load impedance and are unbalanced.
Page 72: Grounding
2-12 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 When a valid reference signal is applied to this input, it locks the Optimod’s Internal DSP clock to this input, so if a given AES3 L/R output’s sync source is set to I NTERNAL the sample frequency at that output will be locked to this reference signal.
Page 73: 8600 Front Panel
2-13 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION If you encounter a ground loop when feeding an unbalanced exciter in- put, you can balance and float the it with a Jensen JT-123-BMCF trans- former (see page 2-15). • In high RF fields, the system is usually grounded through the equipment rack in which the 8600 is mounted.
Page 74 AGC processing that pre- METERS cedes the multiband compressor. Full-scale is 25 dB gain reduction. Because the AGC is a two-band unit with Orban’s patented bass coupling system, the two meters indicate the gain reduction of the AGC Master and Bass bands.
Page 75: External Agc Installation (Optional)
8200ST below. • If you are using an Orban 8100AST (or 8100A/ST) external AGC, refer to page 1-...
Page 76: If You Are Using An Orban 8200St External Agc
2-16 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 If you are using an Orban 8200ST external AGC: If the STL uses preemphasis, its input preemphasis filter will probably introduce overshoots that will increase peak modulation without any increase in average modulation. We therefore strongly recommend that the STL transmitter’s preempha- sis be defeated (freeing the STL from such potential overshoot) and that the 8200ST be used to provide the necessary preemphasis.
Page 77 2-17 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION duced to accommodate the overshoots. 1. Configure the 8200ST’s internal jumpers. A) Remove all screws holding the 8200ST’s cover in place; then lift it off. Refer to Figure 2-4 on page 2-16. B) Place jumper JA in the C position.
Page 78: Quick Setup
2-18 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 GATE ....................12:00 RELEASE ....................12:00 VOICE ...................... OFF AGC ......................ON COUPLE ....................ON B) Feed the 8200ST either with tone at your system reference level (0VU), or with typical program material at normal levels.
Page 79 B) Set the External AGC mode. • Set the field to Y if you have an external AGC (such as an Orban 1100, 1101, 6300, 8200ST OPTIMOD-Studio, Orban 464A Co-Operator, or similar AGC) installed at your studio feeding the studio-to-transmitter link. This setting defeats the 8600’s AGC for all presets.
Page 80 2-20 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • If you are using an Orban 4000 Transmission Limiter, set field to N (so that the AGC function in the 8600 continues to work). The Orban 4000 is a transmission system overload protection device; it is normally operated be- low threshold.
Page 81 2-21 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION [Skip this step if you are not using the digital input.] a) Adjust the D so that the meter reads an average of IGITAL NPUT EFERENCE 10 dB gain reduction. [−30 to –10 dBFS (VU), or –23 to –3 dBFS (PPM)] in 0.5 dB steps.] The D VU and PPM settings track each other with IGITAL...
Page 82 2-22 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 +J17 applies both FM preemphasis and J.17 preemphasis (in cas- cade) to the signal and is only used with STLs using J.17 preemphasis when their own J.17 preemphasis filters are bypassed. These are rare. D) Set the D to 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, or 96 kHz.
Page 83 2-23 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION the 20% modulation due to the subcarriers, you get the required 110% total modulation. The M function is active as long as signal is applied to its as- EDUCTION sociated GPI input. The advantage of using the M function is that the pilot in- EDUCTION jection stays constant when the audio modulation is reduced.
Page 84 2-24 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 For upper case letters, first L to the S key and then press E OCATE HIFT NTER D) When finished entering your name, highlight S and press E NTER 11. Complete Quick Setup. A) Locate to the Finished screen (S >...
Page 85 2-25 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION The total gain reduction of the BS.1770 controller (see step 13 below) and MPX power controller is split before and after the FM peak limiter such that the first 3 dB of gain reduction occurs before the peak limiter. Hence, you can achieve full ±75 kHz deviation when the gain reduction is between 0 and 3 dB.
Page 86 2-26 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 teners . We suggest using a maximum of 3 dB gain reduction in the BS.1770 safe- ty limiter. A) Navigate to the I screen. > U NPUT OUTPUT TILITIES B) Turn the 1770 S control O...
Page 87: Analog And Digital I/O Setup
2-27 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Using program material typical of your format, adjust the M ULTIPLEX control so that the BS.1770 Safety Limiter produces about OWER FFSET 3 dB of gain reduction on typical program material. This control is part of the processing preset, so after you have set the control, save the preset as a User Preset.
Page 88 • Calibrate with unprocessed audio: step (B), page 2-28, or • Calibrate with a Studio Level Control System that has a built-in 100% Calibra- tion Tone, such as the Orban 6300, 8200ST-Studio Level Controller or 4000 Transmission Limiter: step (C), page 2-29, or •...
Page 89 [Skip this step if you are calibrating in another manner.] a) Turn on the Studio Level Control System’s 100% Calibration Tone. On the Orban 4000 Transmission Limiter, press both of the 4000’s front panel TONE buttons. b) Adjust the output level of the Studio Level Control System for 100% modu- lation of the STL.
Page 90 –2 dB on the meter on the screen. g) Return the 464A to the normal settings. E) Calibrate with an Orban 1100 or 1101/1101e Optimod-PC: [Skip this step if you are calibrating in another manner.] Refer to the Optimod-PC manual for instructions on setting it up as an external AGC.
Page 91 (typically 0VU if your console uses VU meters). • If you are using an Orban 4000 Transmission Limiter, press its two TEST buttons. Feed a tone through your console at the level to which you normally peak program material (typically 0VU if your console us- es VU meters).
Page 92 2-32 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 6. Adjust the Analog Input’s Right Channel Balance. [Skip this step if the channels are already satisfactorily balanced.] [−3 dB to +3 dB] on right channel only, 0.1 dB steps Adjust R to achieve correct left/right channel balance.
Page 93 2-33 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION D) To use the BS.1770 Safety Limiter, you must assign the output source of one of the Digital Outputs to HD. We suggest using Digital Output 1 to drive the dig- ital radio transmitter. To facilitate error-free loudness calibration through your transmission system, activating the BS.1770 Safety Limiter changes the behavior of the Digital Output 100% P control.
Page 94 2-34 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 You can use either program material or tone to set your output level (and thus, your on-air modulation). If you want to use tone, turn the 400Hz calibration tone on. B) Set the A to FM or FM+D...
Page 95 2-35 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION You can lock the sample rate of each of the 8600’s AES3 outputs to the sample rate of a reference AES3 signal that is applied to the AES3 input or to an AES11 signal that is applied to the SYNC input. If you wish to operate the two AES3 outputs at different sample rates, only one output can be synced to the signal at the SYNC input.
Page 96 2-36 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 [In] or [Out] It is wise to leave this control set to I When set to I , the 8600 adds “high-pass” dither before any truncation of the output word. The amount of dither automatically tracks the set- ting of the W control.
Page 97 2-37 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION that the 8600 will produce. In the U.S., we recommend using 900µs peak weighting on the peak modulation indicator, as permitted by F.C.C. rules. This will cause the monitor to ignore very low energy overshoots and will result in the highest peak modulation permitted by law.
Page 98 2-38 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 If you are using subcarriers, this screen allows you to specify the amount by which the 8600 automatically reduces main and stereo subchannel modulation to accommodate the subcarrier within the modulation limits specified by the governing authority.
Page 99 If you are using the 8600 to drive a network with protection audio processors (like Orban’s Optimod-FM 2300 or 5500) at each transmitter, you may wish to de- feat the 8600’s final clipper to prevent double clipping, which can unnecessarily increase distortion on-air.
Page 100 2-40 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 C) Set F to D INAL EFEAT EFEAT This will also defeat the overshoot compensator. Note that defeating the final clipper and overshoot compensator will in- crease peak output levels, possibly to the point where the 8600’s output amplifier and/or digital output clips.
Page 101 2-41 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION E) Set the D to Y if you wish the 8600 to automatically switch IGITAL ALLBACK from the analog to digital input when silence is detected. Set the control to to defeat automatic switching. 18. Set the P control ILOT EFERENCE...
Page 102: Using Clock-Based Automation
2-42 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 iter. Then save the result as a User Preset. We recommend allowing the BS.1770 Safety Limiter to produce no more than 3 dB of gain reduction. BS.1770-3 is an imperfect metric. It has been established by listening tests that BS.1770-3 can over-indicate loudness by 3 dB or more when the pro-...
Page 103 2-43 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 2. Navigate to System Setup / Automation. 3. If the far left button reads “Disabled,” choose it and press Enter to ena- ble automation. This button lets you enable or disable all automation events easily without hav- ing to edit individual automation events.
Page 104: Security And Passcode Programming
2-44 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 B) Choose D and press E ELETE NTER 7. Choose D and press Enter to leave the Automation screen. Security and Passcode Programming You can use multi-level passcodes to control access to the 8600 via the front panel and via PC Remote.
Page 105 2-45 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION If the 8600 is already under security control, you must enter an -level CREENS passcode to enter the Security screen. 2. Set the Security Screen “Lockout” parameter. The choices are 1, 5, 15, or 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, or 8 hours, or O Front Panel lockout only occurs when the lockout value is not The Lockout field sets the time delay between the last user interaction with the front panel and automatic front-panel lockout.
Page 106: To Unlock The Front Panel
2-46 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 5. Edit or delete an existing passcode (optional). A) Navigate to S and then to S YSTEM ETUP ECURITY If the 8600 is already under security control, you must enter an -level passcode to enter the Security screen.
Page 107: Default Admin Passcode
Moreover, the most secure passcodes use a random combination of letters and numbers. Security and Orban’s PC Remote Application Any passcodes set on the 8600 will allow the PC Remote application to connect via direct, modem and Ethernet connections at the level authorized by the passcode.
Page 108: Passcodes And Software Updates
2-48 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 connection. If you choose to disconnect the connection, the “Enter Passcode Screen” will appear if the unit is locked out. Passcodes and Software Updates PC Remote allows a software update to occur regardless of passcode level of the 8600 ...
Page 109: Connecting Via Serial Port #2 Using A Terminal Program On A Pc
2-49 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION • Only one valid command is permitted per line. • The 8600 will not respond to unrecognized commands. • The character code supported is ASCII. Connecting via Serial Port #2 Using a Terminal Program on a PC •...
Page 110: Administrative Operations Available Via Serial Port #2
2-50 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Stop bits ..... 1 Flow control....none G) Choose OK. H) Navigate to File / Properties / Settings / ASCII Setup. Set the ASCII Setup prop- erties as follows: Check: • Send line ends with line feeds •...
Page 111 2-51 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 2. To unlock an 8600 / 8600X: The following command assigns an A passcode. This passcode is then CREENS available from the front panel or when you connect normally via the 8600PC ap- plication (through the 8600’s Serial Port #1 or optional Ethernet connections). Command Response (valid passcode entry) Accepted...
Page 112 2-52 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX = the specified subnet mask; In the above table: yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy = the present subnet mask in use. 255.255.255.0 is the factory default. Valid subnet masks are defined according to existing standards. Any out-of-range or invalid characters render the whole argument invalid.
Page 113 2-53 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION XXXXX = the specified terminal port; In the above table: yyyyy = the present terminal port in use. Port 23 is the factory default. Valid ports are defined according to existing standards. Any out-of-range or inva- lid characters render the whole argument invalid.
Page 114 2-54 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • This command is useful in interfacing automation systems to the 8600. 11. To turn the analog diversity delay on or off for a given output: Command Response (valid passcode and argument) DE XXX[PASSCODE] DIVERSITY DELAY: [ON,OFF] (for each...
Page 115 2-55 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION • If a non-existent control value, and/or an invalid passcode is entered, the 8600 will ignore the command. • You can apply this command anytime after the 8600 boots up. The 30-minute timeout does not apply. 13.
Page 116 2-56 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • If a non-existent control value and/or an invalid passcode is entered, the 5500 will ignore the command. • You can apply this command anytime after the 5500 boots up. The 30-minute timeout does not apply.
Page 117: Connecting To The 8600'S Ethernet Port Or Serial Port #1 Via A Terminal Program On A Pc
2-57 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Heap Available: 15952 Heap Contiguous: 2048 Disk Size: 23998 Free Disk Space: 18978 18. To set the security timeout of the terminal connection: Sets the delay (minutes) between when the last terminal command is received and when the Optimod disconnects automatically. Default is 15 minutes. The timeout reverts to the default each new connection;...
Page 118: Direct Control Using Putty
2-58 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • To set a different port number: A) From the main menu, navigate to S > N > YSTEM ETUP ETWORK EMOTE . The current setting of the Terminal Port will appear. ETWORK B) If you wish to change the Terminal Port, L to T .
Page 119: Automated Control Using Putty/Plink
2-59 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION The IP address for this connection is the same as the IP address set in step (1.A) on page 2-63 and is visible in the > N YSTEM ETUP ETWORK screen > N EMOTE ETWORK F) Name and save the Session if you wish. G) Click O H) Activate the C on your computer to ensure that you type in upper-...
Page 120: Automated Control Using Netcat
2-60 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The file “8600_P1_Gregg.txt” contains: RP GREGG [PASSWORD] disconnect The file “8600_P2_GreggOpen.cmd” contains: plink -raw -P 23 123.45.67.89 < 8600_P2_GreggOpen.txt The file “8600_P2_GreggOpen.txt” contains RP GREGG OPEN [PASSWORD] disconnect Automated Control Using Netcat Only one utility is required to use this method: netcat.exe. This is available as a free download.
Page 121 2-61 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 1. Navigate to the System Setup > Network Remote screen. 2. Program one or more remote control interfaces. To program a given remote input, use L to highlight the input. As you turn OCATE the control knob, the functions listed below will appear in the highlighted field. A momentary pulse of voltage will switch most functions, except as noted.
Page 122: Tally Output Programming
2-62 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • Digital Out 1 Delay In: Activates the diversity delay for Digital Output #1 (Analog, Digital #1, Digital #2, Composite) if it is configured to emit the out- put of the analog FM processing chain (see page 3-74). There is also a D IGITAL choice available.
Page 123: Networking And Remote Control
2-63 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION • AES Input Silent: Indicates that the level at either or both digital input channels is below the threshold set in step 17 on page 2-40. • AES Input Error: Indicates that the 8600’s AES input receiver chip has detect- ed an error in the received data that makes it unusable.
Page 124 2-64 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 c) L to the first number and press the E button; repeat until you OCATE NTER have selected all the numbers in the Subnet Mask. When the Subnet Mask entry is complete, toggle to S and press the E button.
Page 125 You will need two modems and two available phone lines, one of each for your PC and your 8600. Reminder: Orban Customer Service supports only the 3Com / U.S. Robot- ics® 56kbps fax modem EXT on the 8600 side (although other 56kbps modems will often work OK).
Page 126: Installing 8600 Pc Remote Control Software
8600’s serial port. (These services are also used to upgrade your 8600’s firmware when updates are available from Orban.) The exact process will vary, depending on how you wish to set up the communications. That is:...
Page 127: Check Hardware Requirements
If connecting by serial cable: a null modem cable (also called a “reverse” cable), supplied by Orban with your 8600 when it was shipped. This cable has DB9 fe- male connectors at both ends for connecting the 8600 to the serial port on your computer.
Page 128: Setting Up Ethernet, Lan, And Vpn Connections
• You might have obtained the automatic installer application from some other source than Orban’s CD, like Orban’s ftp site or another computer on your net- work. If so, run the application and follow the on-screen instructions. •...
Page 129: Conclusion
Ethernet connections are preferred because they are easier to configure than serial connections and are faster.) However, if you experience any problems with this pro- cess, or have any other 8600 questions, please contact Orban Customer Service: phone: +1 856.719.9900 email: custserv@orban.com...
Page 130 2-70 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • The value can range between –12 and +12 hours. If this value is set to 0, your Optimod’s time will be the same as UTC. • You can empirically adjust this value until the correct time for your location is displayed after you synchronize your Optimod to a timeserver.
Page 131 2-71 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION the Internet. At the command prompt, type ipconfig. The computer will return the “Default Gateway.” 5. Specify the time sync from the Optimod PC Remote software: [Skip this step if you wish to specify the timeserver and time sync parameters from your Optimod’s front panel.] Optimod PC Remote software can automatically set your Optimod’s local time, , and T...
Page 132: Updating Your 8600'S Software
2-72 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • PC Remote will synchronize your Optimod’s clock with your computer’s clock. F) It is wise to disconnect from PC Remote and then to L to the S OCATE field on your Optimod and press E [step (4.B) on page 2-70].
Page 133 2-73 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 4. Update your 8600. A) Attempt to initiate communication to your 8600 via your connection. See To initiate communication on page 3-88. 8600 PC Remote will automatically detect that the 8600 software version on your 8600 is not the same as the version of 8600 PC Remote. PC Re- mote will then offer to update your 8600 automatically.
Page 134 2-74 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600...
Page 135: Appendix: Setting Up Serial Communications
Please note that the accompanying screen shots were originally prepared for Orban’s OPTIMOD-FM 8300 and refer to that product. However, they are fully appli- cable to the 8600. Preparing for Communication through a Null Modem Cable 1.
Page 136 2-76 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 To enforce security, Windows 2000 does not permit a Direct Serial Con- nection and a LAN connection to coexist. If you wish to have access to your LAN connection at the same time as you are connected to your 8600 by a direct serial cable, you must connect to your 8600 via the RAS Serial Cable modem, not Windows Direct Connect.
Page 137 2-77 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION g) Select “Connect Directly to another computer.” h) Click “Next.” i) In the drop-down box, select the serial port you will be using to make the connection. j) Click “Next.” k) Select either “For all users” or “Only for myself.”...
Page 138 2-78 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 m)Enter a name for your Connection such as: “Connection to 8600.” n) Click “Finish.” o) Click “Yes.” B) Edit your new Direct Connection properties: a) Click “Settings.”...
Page 139 2-79 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION b) Click the “General” tab. c) Select the device you set up in step (i) on page 2-77. This will usually be “Communications cable between two computers (COM1).” d) Click “Configure.” e) Set “Maximum speed (bps)” “115200.”...
Page 140 2-80 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 i) Select the Networking tab. j) Make sure that “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT 4 / 2000, Internet” ap- pears in the “Type of dial-up server I am calling” field. k) Make sure that “Inter- net Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked.
Page 141: Connecting Using Windows Xp Direct Serial Connection
2-81 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION trouble the first time after creating a connection according to the instructions above, try restarting your computer to clear its serial port. 3. To change the properties of an existing connection: Right-click the connection in the “connection List” window and choose “Proper- ties.”...
Page 142 2-82 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 g) Choose “Connect directly to another computer.” h) Click “Next.” i) In the drop-down box, select the serial port you will be using to make the connection. j) Click “Next.” k) Type in a name for your...
Page 143 2-83 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION m)Click “Yes.” B) Edit your new Direct Connection proper- ties: a) Click “Settings.” b) Click the “General” tab. c) Select the device you set up in step (i) on page 2-82. This will usually be “Communications cable between two computers (COM1).”...
Page 144 2-84 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 e) Set “Maximum Speed (bps)” to 115200. f) Check “Enable hard- ware flow control.” g) Make sure all other hardware features are unchecked. h) Click “OK.” i) Select the Networking tab. j) Make sure that “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT 4 / 2000, Internet”...
Page 145: Connecting Using Windows 7 Direct Serial Connection
2-85 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION connection from 8600 PC Remote automatically opens a Windows Direct Connec- tion to your 8600. You can connect by selecting the desired connection from the drop-down list in the C menu. ONNECT You can also connect by double-clicking the connection in the “Connection List”...
Page 146 2-86 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 B) In the Phone and Modem applet, click on the Mo- dems tab and click “Add.” You need ad- ministrator's rights to do this. If UAC comes up, provide the relevant creden- tials and pro- ceed.
Page 147 2-87 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION D) The Install New Modem window will appear. a) Select Communications cable between two computers. b) Proceed to next step by clicking on the NEXT button. E) Select the Serial com port to which the NULL cable is con- nected.
Page 148 2-88 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 F) At the Modem installation is finished window, click FINISH to complete the in- stallation. G) Once you are back at the Phone and Modem win- dow, you will see your newly installed communi- cation cable attached to the serial com port that you specified earlier.
Page 149 2-89 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION A) Go to the Network and Sharing Center and click on Set up a new connection or network link. B) In the Choose a connection op- tion window, select Set up a di- al-up connection.
Page 150 2-90 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 C) If you are asked Which mo- dem do you want to use?, se- lect Communications cable between comput- ers/modem. This only query will open appear if you have configured more than modem device. D) When prompted to “Type...
Page 151 2-91 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Windows will emit a message stating The connection is ready for use. How- ever, you must to configure some of the PPP settings before you can make a connection to your Optimod Although you did not specifically install any-...
Page 152 2-92 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 B) In the Network adapter window, right-click the Direct Serial PPP icon and click on the properties. You need ad- ministrator rights to pro- ceed from here. If UAC comes up, pro- vide the rele-...
Page 153 2-93 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION d) Click OK to close the window. e) Click OK to dismiss the Properties window. f) Restart your computer. Restarting should ensure that the bps setting is saved. G) Select the Networking tab. a) Unselect the Internet Protocol Version 6.
Page 154 2-94 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 H) In the Advance TCP/IP Set- tings window, click on the Advance button. a) Unselect default gateway remote network. b) Click OK to close this window. This prevents Win- dows 7 from rout- ing all networking...
Page 155: Preparing For Communication Through Modems
You will need two modems and two available phone lines, one of each for your PC and your 8600. Reminder: Orban supports only the 3Com / U.S. Robotics® 56kbps fax modem EXT on the 8600 side (although other 56kbps modems will often work OK).
Page 156 2-96 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 d) Verify that your modem appears in the list available under “The following Modems are installed.” e) Verify that your modem is “Attached to” the correct port. If your modem is unavailable or not attached to the correct port, you will need to Add it.
Page 157 2-97 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION g) Select “Dial-up to private network.” h) Click “Next.” i) Enter the phone number of the modem connected to the 8600 that you are set- ting up. j) Click the “Next” button. k) Select either “For all users” or “Only for myself.”...
Page 158 2-98 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 m)Click the “Next” but– ton. n) Type in a name for your Connection such “Connection 8600 – Modem.” o) Click the “Finish” but– ton. p) Click “Yes.” D) Edit your new Direct Connection properties: a) Click “Settings.”...
Page 159 2-99 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION b) Click the “General” tab. c) In the “Connect using” field, select the modem you will be using to make the connection on the PC side. d) Click “Configure.” e) Set “Maximum speed (bps)” “115200.” f) Check “Enable hard-ware flow con- trol.”...
Page 160: Connecting Using Windows Xp Modem Connection
2-100 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 k) Select the Networking tab. l) Make sure that “PPP: Windows 95 / 98 / NT 4 / 2000, Internet” ap- pears in the “Type of dial-up server I am call- ing” field. m)Make sure that “Inter- net Protocol (TCP/IP) is checked.
Page 161 2-101 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION 1. Add and configure modem for Windows XP: Skip this step if your modem is already configured and working. A) Configure the Windows XP PC ports: Use either an internal modem or external modem with your computer. a) If you are using an external modem, connect the modem to a serial port on your PC.
Page 162 2-102 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 d) Verify that your modem appears in the list available under “The following Modems are installed.” e) Verify that your modem is “Attached to” the correct port. If your modem is unavailable or not attached to the correct port, you will need to Add it.
Page 163 2-103 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION e) Click “Add.” The Windows New Connection Wizard starts up. f) Select “Serial Connection.” g) Click the “Add” button. h) Select “Dial-up to private network.” i) Click “Next.” j) Enter the phone number of the mo- dem connected to the 8600 you are setting up.
Page 164 2-104 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 n) Click “Yes.” D) Edit your new Direct Con- nection properties: a) Click “Settings.” b) Click the “General” tab. c) Select the modem you will be using to make the connection on the PC side.
Page 165 2-105 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION e) Set “Maximum speed (bps)” “115200.” f) Check “Enable hardware flow con- trol.” g) Check “Enable modem error control.” h) Check “Enable modem compression.” i) Make sure that no other box is checked. j) Click “OK.” k) Select the Networking tab.
Page 166: Snmp Support
2-106 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 You can connect by selecting the desired con- nection from the drop-down list in the C ONNECT menu. You can also connect by double-clicking the connection in the “Connection List” window. If the connection is successful, a dialog bubble will appear on the bottom right hand corner of the screen verifying your connection.
Page 167: Snmp Mib File
Digital Input Active (The digital input is selected as the input source.) • Diversity Delay • Primary and Secondary Manager IP • Primary and Secondary Manager Port • Station Name • System Diagnostics Orban (walks through all of the “get” commands and dis- plays their status.)
Page 168 2-108 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • Power Supply 1 is Inactive: Indicates that Power Supply 1 in the dual- redundant power supply is not operating, either because it has failed or because it is not connected to the AC line.
Page 169 2-109 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION SNMP Community String: The “SNMP Community string” is like a user id or password that allows access to a router's or other device's statistics. It is set at Optimod PC Remote to implement SNMP security. PRTG sends the community string along with all SNMP requests. If the community string is correct, the device responds with the requested information.
Page 170: Rds/Rbds Generator
2-110 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 RDS/RBDS Generator Your Optimod includes a full-featured RDS/RBDS generator that supports dynamic PS. We presume that you are already familiar with the basics of RDS and you wish to implement RDS via your Optimod. See the References on page 2-120 for more about RBS and RBDS.
Page 171: Table 2-1: System I/O Rds Controls And Defaults
2-111 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Program Service (PS= / DPS=) Default: undefined Radio Text (RT= / TEXT=) Default: undefined Radio Text Speed (DRTS=) Default: Off Program Identification (PI=) Default: undefined Program Type (PTY=) Default: undefined Program Name (PTYN=) Default: undefined Music/Speech (MS=) Default: Music Decoder Info (DI=) Default: Stereo...
Page 172: Using Processing Presets
2-112 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 In the System I/O RDS tab, turn on the RDS generator by setting 57 kHz RDS con- trol to . You can also set up the Modulation level and all other RDS I/O controls in the System I/O RDS screens per the screenshot above.
Page 173: Using The Terminal Server
2-113 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION Note that because of buffering to ensure reliable RDS encoding, there is a delay of about four seconds between when you change a control and when your Optimod puts it on-air. Using the Terminal Server The terminal server is another way to change RDS dynamically. Your Optimod will update the outgoing RDS to whatever RDS control value it receives via the terminal, overwriting the system and preset RDS values.
Page 174 2-114 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 C) You may now type any of the terminal commands in the chart of RDS Termi- nal Commands below. If you have checked the Optimod’s T box, when you type a ERMINAL command, the Optimod will return a status line relevant to the command to the Telnet client, which will write it to the screen.
Page 175: Security
2-115 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION AF 20=0 AF 21=0 AF 22=0 AF 23=0 AF 24=0 Security In the System I/O RDS control screen, you can set the RDS Terminal control security by specifying an RDS IP address from which to accept commands. Once set, this IP will be the only IP that can connect to the unit to update RDS.
Page 176 2-116 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 COMMAND PARAMETER INFORMATION EXAMPLE DRTS= RadioText Speed 0 = RadioText OFF DRTS=3 0,5,10,…45 (steps of 5) = Refresh rate for RadioText mes- sage transmission (15 recommended for text mes- saging, higher values for RT+ ap-...
Page 177: Table 2-2: Preset/Terminal Rds Controls And Defaults
2-117 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION COMMAND PARAMETER INFORMATION EXAMPLE TIMEOUT= RDS terminal Timeout (in minutes) between last TIMEOUT=15↵ connection transmitted command and when (current connection timeout the Optimod disconnects automat- stays up for 15 ically. Use it to allow the Optimod minutes) to reconnect automatically if the TIMEOUT=0↵...
Page 178: Alternative Frequency Channel Numbers
2-118 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Alternative Frequency Channel Numbers CHAN CHAN CHAN CHAN 87.6 92.7 97.8 102.9 87.7 92.8 97.9 103.0 87.8 93.9 98.0 103.1 87.9 93.0 98.1 103.2 88.0 93.1 98.2 103.3 88.1 93.2 98.3 103.4 88.2 93.3 98.4 103.5...
Page 179: Program Type (Pty)
2-119 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL INSTALLATION CHAN CHAN CHAN CHAN 92.3 97.4 102.5 107.6 92.4 97.5 102.6 107.7 92.5 97.6 102.7 107.8 92.6 97.7 102.8 107.9 Table 2-3: Alternative Frequency Channel Numbers: Program Type (PTY) Program Type – US Program Type – EU None None News...
Page 180: References
2-120 INSTALLATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 With no modulation other than the pilot tone, an oscilloscope trigged from the 19kHz pilot tone should display the following: Figure 2-5: Pilot/SCA Phasing Scope Trace To minimize the amount of peak level that the RDS subcarrier adds to the composite baseband, your Optimod’s RDS generator is locked in quadrature with respect to the...
Page 181: Operation
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Section 3 Operation 8600 Front Panel Headphone Jack allows you to monitor the output of the processing through headphones. The headphones carry the same output as the rear-panel analog out- put: either analog-channel processing, HD processing, or low-delay monitor pro- cessing.
Page 182 AGC meters show the gain reduction of the slow AGC processing that precedes the multiband compressor. Full-scale is 25 dB gain reduction. The AGC is a two-band unit with Orban’s patented bass coupling system. The two meters indicate the gain reduction of the AGC Master and Bass bands.
Page 183: Introduction To Processing
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION 2B HF meters display the gain reductions in dB of the independent left and right channel high frequency limiters in the 8600’s Two-Band structure. These meters ap- pear only when the 8600 is in Two-Band mode. Out meters display the 8600’s instantaneous peak output level. Comp meter displays the stereo encoder’s output level before the C 1 or C attenuators, using a linear percent scale over a 0% to 125% modulation range.
Page 184: Distortion In Processing
In FM processing, there is a direct trade-off between loudness, brightness, and dis- tortion. You can improve one only at the expense of one or both of the others. Thanks to Orban’s psychoacoustically optimized designs, this is less true of Orban processors than of others.
Page 185: Optimod-Fm-From Bach To Rock
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION In the 8600, the tradeoff between brightness and the other two parameters has been considerably improved (by 2.5 – 3 dB above 6 kHz) when an “MX” preset is ac- tive compared to when an “8500-style” preset is active. Nevertheless, all intelligent processor designers must acknowledge and work within the laws of physics as they apply to this trade-off.
Page 186: Fundamental Requirements: High-Quality Source Material And Accurate Monitoring
CDs that this energy cannot possibly survive the FM preemphasis / de- emphasis process. Although the 8600 loses less high frequency energy than any pre- vious Orban processor (due to improvements in high frequency limiting and clipping technology), it is nevertheless no match for CDs that are mastered so bright that they will curl the vinyl off car dashboards.
Page 187: About The 8600'S Signal Processing Features
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION About the 8600’s Signal Processing Features Dual-Mono Architecture The 8600 implements full dual-mono architecture in both the AGC and the multi- band compressor sections. You can couple each band in both the AGC and multi- band compressors to a variable extent—anywhere from perfect stereo coupling to completely uncoupled operation.
Page 188: Multipath Mitigator" Left/Right Phase Skew Correction
Stereo Enhancement: The 8600 provides two different stereo enhancement algo- rithms. The first is based on Orban’s patented analog 222 Stereo Enhancer, which in- creases the energy in the stereo difference signal (L–R) whenever a transient is de- tected in the stereo sum signal (L+R).
Page 189 622B), using a sophisticated, proprietary optimization program. The curves are matched to better than 0.15 dB. This means that their sound is very close to the sound of an Orban analog parametric. They also use very high quality filter algo- rithms to ensure low noise and distortion.
Page 190 See To Override the Speech/Music Detector on page 3-70. DSP-derived Stereo Encoder: The 8600’s stereo encoder is derived from algo- rithms first developed for the high-performance Orban 8218 stand-alone encoder. The 8600’s stereo encoder operates at 512 kHz-sample rate to ease the performance...
Page 191 3-11 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION requirements of the D/A converter’s reconstruction filter, making it possible to achieve excellent stereo separation that is stable over time and temperature. DSP- based group delay and magnitude equalizers for the entire composite analog path further improve separation. The 8600 has two independent composite outputs, whose levels are both software- settable.
Page 192 IMIT RIVE control as usual Composite Limiter/Clipper: Orban has traditionally opposed composite clipping because of its tendency to interfere with the stereo pilot tone and with subcarriers, and because it causes inharmonic aliasing distortion, particularly between the stereo main and subchannels. Protecting the pilot tone and subcarrier regions is particular- ly difficult with a conventional composite clipper because appropriate filters will not only add overshoot but also compromise stereo separation—filtering causes the sin-...
Page 193: Itu-R 412 Compliance For Analog Fm Broadcasts
3-13 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Like conventional composite clipping, the “Half-Cosine Interpolation” composite limiter can still cause aliasing distortion between the stereo main and subchannels. However, this is the inevitable cost of increasing the power-handling capability be- yond 100% modulation above 5 kHz—the characteristic that makes some people like composite clipping.
Page 194: Two-Band Purist Processing
3-14 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Two-Band Purist Processing In addition to five-band processing, suitable for pop music and talk formats, the 8600 offers a very high-quality two-band algorithm. This is phase-linear and features the same AGC as the five-band processor, followed by a two-band processor with look-ahead limiting.
Page 195: Bs.1770 Compliance For Digital Radio
3-15 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Simultaneously, this HF rolloff may reduce high frequency artifacts in the relatively low bite-rate codec used in the iBiquity HD Radio system. With the FMHD C set to I , there are several approach- ONTROL OUPLING NDEPENDENT es to minimizing brightness and conditioning the signal to work well at low bitrates.
Page 196: Customizing The 8600'S Sound
8600 users will never need to go beyond the Basic level of control. The combinations of subjective setup control settings produced by this control have been optimized by Orban’s audio processing experts on the basis of years of experience designing audio processing and upon hundreds of hours of listening tests.
Page 197: Intermediate Modify
It allows adjusting the dynamics section at approximately the level of control availa- ble in Orban’s 8200 processor. The controls are not extremely dangerous (although you can still get into trouble if you try hard enough). Most people will never have any reason to go beyond Intermediate Modify, even if they want to create a “signa-...
Page 198: Gain Reduction Metering
3-18 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Gain Reduction Metering Unlike the metering on some processors, when any OPTIMOD-FM gain reduction meter indicates full-scale (at its bottom), it means that its associated compressor has run out of gain reduction range, that the circuitry is being overloaded, and that var- ious nastinesses are likely to commence.
Page 199: To Delete A User Preset
3-19 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION • If the name you have selected duplicates the name of an existing user pre- set, the 8600 warns you that you are about to overwrite that preset. An- swer Y if you wish to overwrite the preset and N otherwise.
Page 200 Unused structures operate constantly in the background, so switching between structures occurs with a seamless cross-fade. Unlike older Orban processors like the 8200, no DSP code is reloaded and no audio mute is necessary.
Page 201: Factory Programming Presets
3-21 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Factory Programming Presets FACTORY PROGRAMMING PRESETS Preset Names Source Preset Normal Less-More PROTECT-0DB PROTECTION-0DB CLASSICAL-2 BAND CLASSICAL-2 BAND CLASSICAL-2B+AGC CLASSICAL-2B+AGC CLASSICAL-5 BAND CLASSICAL-5 BAND CLASSICAL-5B+AGC CLASSICAL-5B+AGC CLASSICAL-2B MX CLASSICAL-2B MX CLASSIC-2B+AGC MX CLASSIC-2B+AGC MX CLASSICAL-5B MX CLASSICAL-5B MX CLASSIC-5B+AGC MX CLASSIC-5B+AGC MX...
Page 202: Table 3-1: Factory Programming Presets
Protection Limiter, Two-Band and Five-Band sections that follow. Each Orban factory preset has full L capability. The table below shows the presets, including the source presets from which they were taken and the nominal...
Page 203 Bass, Mid EQ, and HF EQ controls. Un- ASIC ODIFY like Orban’s 8200, you can make changes in EQ (and stereo enhancement) without losing the ability to use L settings. Of course, L is still available for the unedited preset if you want to go back to it.
Page 204 3-24 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • Presets without MX, LL, or UL designators in their names have “optimum delay” for an 8500-style preset. This delay is approximately 18 ms delay (5-band) and 21 ms delay (2-band). PROTECTION-0DB: P is a two-band preset with a high amount of ROTECTION band coupling.
Page 205 3-25 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION SOFT MX, and GREGG MX presets. Classic country stations should try the GOLD OPEN MX preset. CRISP, CRISP MX: CRISP is an 8500-style preset that provides a bright upper mid- range sound by emphasizing frequencies around 6 kHz. It is a loud preset that is ap- propriate for mass-appeal music formats.
Page 206 GREGG, GREGG MX: GREGG, GREGG MX, GREGG OPEN, GREGG OPEN MX, and GREGG LL all use a 200 Hz band1/band2 crossover frequency to achieve a bass sound similar to the classic five-band Gregg Labs FM processors designed by Orban’s Vice President of New Product Development, Greg Ogonowski. Dynamically, these presets produce a slight increase in bass energy below 100 Hz and a decrease of bass energy centered at 160 Hz.
Page 207 3-27 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION IMPACT MX is intended for CHR and similar formats where attracting a large audi- ence (maximizing cume) is more important than ensuring long time-spent-listening. This very loud, bright, “major-market” preset has a great deal of presence energy that cuts through on lower-quality radios.
Page 208 3-28 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 LOUD-HOT LL is the low-latency version of LOUD-HOT. LOUD-HOT+BASS is based on LOUD-HOT. It is tuned for the maximum amount of bass we could add without creating obvious distortion on some program material. For maximum punch, it uses the HARD bass clipper at higher L settings.
Page 209 3-29 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION SPORTS: Similar to NEWS-TALK except the AGC Release (AGC Release Time) is slow- er and the Gate Thresh (Gate Threshold) is higher. This recognizes that most sports programming has very low signal-to-noise ratio due to crowd noise and other on- field sounds, so the preset does not pump this up as the NEWS-TALK preset would tend to do.
Page 210: Equalizer Controls
3-30 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 “adult contemporary” and “soft rock” formats where long time-spent-listening is desired. SMOOTH JAZZ, SMOOTH JAZZ MX: These presets are designed for commercial sta- tions playing smooth jazz. They are loud presets designed to prevent stridency with saxes and other horns.
Page 211: Table 3-2: Equalization Controlsct
3-31 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION parametric shelving equalizer with control over gain, hinge frequency, and slope (in dB/octave). Bass Shelf Hinge Frequency sets the frequency where shelving starts to take effect. Bass Gain sets the amount of bass boost (dB) at the top of the shelf. Bass Slope sets the slope (dB/octave) of the transition between the top and bottom of the shelf.
Page 212 Low Frequency Parametric Equalizer is a specially designed parametric equalizer whose boost and cut curves closely emulate those of a classic Orban analog para- metric equalizer with conventional bell-shaped curves (within ±0.15 dB worst-case). This provides warm, smooth, “analog-sounding” equalization.
Page 213 The curves in the 8600’s equalizer were created by a so-called “minimax” (Minimize the Maximum error, or “equal-ripple”) IIR digital approxima- tion to the curves provided by the Orban 622B analog parametric equal- izer. Therefore, unlike less sophisticated digital equalizers that use the “bilinear transformation”...
Page 214 The difference will never exceed the difference that would have other- wise occurred if the lowest frequency band were independently gated. If you are familiar with older Orban processors like the 8200, this is the maximum amount of boost that would have occurred if you had set their...
Page 215: Stereo Enhancer Controls
The stereo enhancer is common to the FM and HD processing chains. You You can operate it in one of two modes or “styles.” The first emulates the Orban 222 analog stereo enhancer, while the second mode, called Delay, emulates a popular enhancer from another manufacturer that adds a delayed version of the L–R signal to the...
Page 216: Agc Controls
3-36 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 original L–R to create stereo enhancement. (See Stereo Enhancement on page 3-8 for more information.) Both modes have gating that operates under two conditions. • The two stereo channels are close to identical in magnitude and phase.
Page 217: Table 3-4: Agc Controlsa
(such as a CLASSICAL preset). The AGC is also ordinarily defeat- ed if you are using an external AGC (like Orban’s 6300). However, in this case it is better to defeat the AGC globally in the System Setup screen.
Page 218 3-38 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 by setting the Multiband’s MB R control to F , and you can trade the two ELEASE off to produce different effects. Unless it is purposely speeded-up (with the MB R control), the automatic gain...
Page 219: Advanced Agc Controls
3-39 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION AGC Bass Coupling control clamps the amount of dynamic bass boost (in units of dB) that the AGC can provide. (In V1.x, the unit of measure was percent.) The AGC processes audio in a master band for all audio above approximately 200 Hz and a bass band for audio below approximately 200 Hz.
Page 220 Previous Orban AGCs had compression ratios very close to ∞:1, which produces the most consistent and uniform sound. However, the 8600 compressor can reduce this ratio to as low as 2:1.
Page 221 3-41 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION You might want to do this if you make a custom preset that otherwise causes the gain to increase or decrease unnaturally when the AGC is gat- ed. For example, to make the idle gain track the setting of the AGC D RIVE control, set the I control to zero.
Page 222: Peak Limiter Controls
Intermediate Modify and Advanced Modify screens. Composite Limit Mode determines if the composite limiter will operate as a hard clipper or as Orban’s patented “Half-Cosine Interpolation” composite limiter (which is not a clipper). When operating as a hard clipper, the composite limiter will produce maximum brightness in the frequency range from 5 to 15 kHz because, unlike the 8600’s left/right audio-domain peak limiters, it can produce...
Page 223: Figure 3-1: 0-100 Khz Baseband Spectrum (Loud-Hot Preset)
3-43 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION somewhat less brightness but does not compromise stereo imaging. In either mode, the baseband output is overshoot compensated and bandlimited to 53 kHz (Figure 3-1), unlike conventional composite clip- pers. Composite Limit Drive sets the drive level, in dB, into the composite limiter. This control has no effect on the 8600’s left and right analog or digital outputs.
Page 224 3-44 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 where it is set in the MX factory presets. Pilot Protect (Pilot Protection Filter) turns the 19 kHz notch filter on or off. It af- fects the composite output only. The 8600’s composite limiter always protects frequencies above 53 kHz.
Page 225 3-45 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION The M control can only introduce loss, never ULTIPLEX OWER HRESHOLD gain. Regardless of the setting of the M ULTIPLEX OWER HRESHOLD controls, the resulting gain offset can never be ULTIPLEX OWER FFSET larger than 0 dB. The M control’s purpose is to reduce unnatural loudness varia- ULTIPLEX...
Page 226: Table 3-6: 8500-Style Peak Limiter Controls
3-46 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The square waves produced by this clipper are filtered through a 6 dB/octave lowpass filter that is down 3 dB at 400 Hz. This greatly reduces the audibility of the higher clipper-generated harmonics. Nevertheless, the downside is that material with sustained bass (including speech) will sound substantially less clean than it will with the Medium or Soft set- tings.
Page 227: 8500-Style Peak Limiter Controls
HAPE are only available in the Advanced Modify screen. Bass Clip Thresh sets the clipping threshold of Orban’s patented embedded bass clipper, which is used only in the FM processing chain and not in the HD chain. The clipper is embedded in the multiband crossover so that any distortion created by clipping is rolled off by part of the crossover filters.
Page 228 3-48 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 Turning up the F control drives the final clipper and overshoot com- INAL RIVE pensator harder, reducing the peak-to-average ratio, and increasing the loudness on the air. When the amount of clipping is increased, the audible distortion caused by clipping is increased as well.
Page 229: Advanced 8500-Style Peak Limiter Controls
2.5 to 3 dB more power at high frequencies, which minimizes audible HF loss caused by preemphasis limiting. Drums and percussion cut through the mix. Highs are airy. See Measuring the Improvements in Optimod-FM 8600’s FM Peak Limiting Technolo- gy starting on page 3-97 for a more detailed discussion.
Page 230: Table 3-7: Mx Technology Peak Limiter Controls
3-50 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The MX technology peak limiter consists of two main stages—first, a pre-limiter stage to control low frequency and high frequency peaks ahead of the main peak limiter and then the main peak limiter, which uses various proprietary techniques to control distortion, minimize transient loss, and minimize high frequency loss.
Page 231 Because the MX peak limiter uses newly developed algorithms that differ from those used by past Orban proces- sors, the loudness/distortion/brightness/punch tradeoffs are also different and it is worthwhile to take the time to get a feel for the MX limiter’s capabilities.
Page 232: The Two-Band Structure
MX-style peak limiter (to achieve highest performance) or with an 8500-style peak limiter (to achieve lower delay). Like the “Two-Band Purist” structure in Orban’s OPTIMOD-FM 8200, the 8600’s Two-Band Structure is phase-linear through- out to maximize sonic transparency. The Two-Band structure has an open, easy-to-listen-to sound that is similar to the source material if the source material is of good quality.
Page 233: Customizing The Settings
3-53 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION hear all the music. Then, when the music gets loud, the radio blasts and distorts, which makes listening unpleasant. The Two-Band structure is well suited for classical formats during daytime hours when most people in the audience are likely to be listening in autos or to be using the station for background music.
Page 234: The Two-Band Structure's Full Setup Controls
3-54 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 If you wish, you may adjust the Modify parameters to your own taste. Always start with L to get as close to your desired sound as possible. Then edit the Modify parameters using the Basic, Intermediate or Advanced Modify screen, and save those edits to a User Preset.
Page 235 3-55 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION with 0-10 dB of gain reduction (with the gain riding AGC set to O ) maintains a sense of dynamic range while still controlling levels effectively. Because OPTIMOD- FM’s density gently increases between 0 and 10 dB of compression, 10 dB of com- pression sounds very natural, even on classical music.
Page 236 3-56 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 2B Gate Thresh (Threshold) control determines the lowest input level that OPTIMOD-FM recognizes as program; lower levels are considered to be noise or background sounds and will cause the AGC or two-band compressor to gate, effec- tively freezing gain to prevent noise breathing.
Page 237: Advanced Two-Band Controls
3-57 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION of operating the Two-Band structure like this, you should usually choose a Five-Band preset instead. Advanced Two-Band Controls The following Two-Band controls are found only in the Advanced Modify screen. 2B Master Comp Threshold sets the level where gain reduction starts to occur in the Master (above 200 Hz) band of the Two-Band Compressor.
Page 238: The Five-Band Structure
3-58 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 This control does not affect the HD processing chain. 2B HF Limiting (not in MX presets) sets the threshold of the high frequency limiter in the Two-Band structure. When this control is set lower, gain reduction does more high frequency limiting.
Page 239: Putting The Five-Band Structure On The Air
3-59 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Putting the Five-Band Structure on the Air The Five-Band structure is very flexible, enabling you to fine-tune your on-air sound to complement your programming. There are numerous Factory Programming Pre- sets whose names are the same as common programming formats. They offer con- siderable variety, with various combinations of release time, equalization, low fre- quency coupling, and high frequency coupling.
Page 240: Table 3-9: Multiband Controls
3-60 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The MB D interacts with the MB R setting. With slower release time set- RIVE ELEASE tings, increasing the MB D setting scarcely affects density. Instead, the primary RIVE danger is that the excessive drive will cause noise to be increased excessively when the program material becomes quiet.
Page 241 3-61 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION of the MB D control becomes more critical to sound quality because density in- RIVE creases as the control is turned up. Listen carefully as you adjust it. With these fast release times, there is a point beyond which increasing multiband compressor drive will no longer yield more loudness and will simply degrade the punch and definition of the sound.
Page 242 3-62 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The Fast setting is used only for the TALK and SPORTS factory pro- gramming formats. Processing for this sound keeps the levels of an- nouncers and guests consistent, pulls low-grade telephone calls out of the mud, and keeps a proper balance between voice and commercials.
Page 243: Table 3-10: Mb Attack / Release Controls
3-63 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION User Presets unless the AGC’s nominal gain reduction is significantly different from 10 dB. The multiband compressor gate causes the gain reduction in bands 2 and 3 of the multiband compressor to move quickly to the average gain reduction occurring in those bands when the gate first turns on.
Page 244 3-64 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 pate and prevent excessive clipping distortion in the final clipper. Like any other dynamics processing, the distortion-controlling section can produce artifacts of its own when overdriven. These artifacts can include loss of definition, smeared high frequencies, a sound similar to excessive compression, and, when op- erated at extreme settings, audible intermodulation distortion.
Page 245 3-65 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION with this sort of material (traffic reports from helicopters and the like) to avoid ob- jectionable side effects. You must let your ears guide you. Band 5 is particularly critical for noise reduction because much of the Downward Ex- pander’s utility lies in hiss reduction.
Page 246: Advanced Multiband And Band Mix Controls
3-66 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The range of the band mix controls has been purposely limited because the only gain control element after these controls is the back-end clip- ping system (including the multiband clipper / distortion controller), which can produce considerable audible distortion if overdriven. The thresholds of the individual compressors have been carefully tuned to prevent audible distortion with almost any program material.
Page 247: Table 3-11: Mb Band Mix Controls
3-67 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION speech/music detector. These controls are risky and difficult to adjust appropriately. They affect the sound of the processor in many subtle ways. The main trade-off is “punch” (achieved with slower attack times) versus distortion and/or pumping pro- duced in the clipping system (because slower attack times increase overshoots that must be eliminated in the clipping system).
Page 248 3-68 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 MB Limit Thr (available in 8500-style presets only) sets the threshold of the clipping distortion controller with reference to the threshold of the final clipper, in dB. For best clipping distortion control, most effective setting for this control is “0 dB”...
Page 249 3-69 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Functionally, this control is a mix control that adds a HF limiter gain reduction signal to the band 4 gain reduction signal to determine the total gain reduction in band 5. Higher settings produce more HF limiting. This control does not affect the HD processing chain.
Page 250: To Override The Speech/Music Detector
3-70 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 speech/music detector. Switching is seamless and click-free because we change the delay in the compressor control sidechains; this is not a way to reduce the 8600’s throughput delay. Choices are L , and A OOKAHEAD Speech is detected if (1) the input is mono, and (2) there are syllabic pauses at least once every 1.5 seconds.
Page 251: About The 8600' Shd / Digital Radio Processing
Model 8600FM can be upgraded to an 8600 in the field by in- stalling the plug-in CPU board contained in the 8600UPG/HD upgrade kit, which can be purchased from your Orban dealer. The 8600 HD (“HD Radio”) output is designed to feed streaming, netcasting, and digital radio channels, which can be DAB, DAB+, DRM, or the iBiquity®...
Page 252 3-72 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 To control excessive brightness in the HD processing when operating the HD and FM processing independently: • Use little or no high frequency boost in the HD equalization section. • Set Band 4>5 coupling to 100%.
Page 253: Delay Difference Between Hd And Fm Outputs
3-73 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION room to compensate for data reduction-induced peak overshoots at the receiver, which might otherwise cause clipping. In our experience, 2 dB is typically adequate. Delay Difference between HD and FM Outputs In order to make the receiver analog/digital crossfade free from comb filtering, the time delays in the HD Radio’s FM and HD channels must have a fixed and predictable offset, correctly implementing the HD Radio receiver’s “time diversity”...
Page 254: Hd I/O Setup Controls
3-74 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 ing headphones or minimizing the delay in live sports events, which are the two typ- ical applications where minimum delay is required. When using this setup, be aware that analog/digital crossfades in HD Radio receivers will sound very bad. Note too that switching between an MX and non-MX preset will cause about 345 ms of audio to be repeated or dropped.
Page 255 3-75 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION 54), automation (page 2-42), and GPI remote interface (page 2-60). Out Source allows you to determine if a given output (analog left/right, AES3 #1, AES3 #2) emits the FM-processed signal (FM), the FM-processed signal with diversity delay (FM+D ), the low-delay monitor signal (M ;...
Page 256: Digital Output
3-76 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 less of how your facility is configured. It is important to match polarity to avoid a momentary decrease in loudness during analog/digital receiver crossfades. This control is best adjusted by observing an HD radio. Using a variable RF attenua- tor, vary the RF level feeding the radio to force crossfades.
Page 257 3-77 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION ing an STL with a 32 kHz sample rate will cause overshoots for the same reason. Word Leng (“ Word Length”) sets the word length (in bits) emitted from the digi- tal-channel output. The largest valid word length in the 8600 is 24 bits. The 8600 can also truncate its output word length to 20, 18, 16, or 14 bits.
Page 258: Unique Hd Audio Controls
3-78 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 BS.1770 Safety Limiter ON/OFF activates or defeats the BS.1770 Safety Limiter, which is applied only to the digital radio processing. This control affects the behav- ior of the digital output receiving the HD feed (see step 10 on page 2-32).
Page 259 3-79 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION toggles between corresponding FM and HD tabs (for example, between and HD C OMPRESSORS OMPRESSORS HD EQ Gain determines the depth of high frequency shelving equalization pro- duced by the parametric HF shelving equalizer, which will be placed either before or after the digital-channel look-ahead limiter (depending on the setting of the HD HF EQ control in the I screen).
Page 260: Itu-R Multiplex Power Controller
3-80 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 HD “loudness wars” will not only reduce quality but will also cause un- balanced, obtrusive crossfades between the analog and digital channels in the radio. To brand your station’s sound, you can choose the precise coloration you want on the digital channel.
Page 261: Mpx Power Meter
3-81 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION MPX Power Meter Version 1.2 of 8600 software added a MPX P meter that indicates MPX power OWER according to the ITU-R BS.412 standard. All samples are weighted equally in a 60- second sliding window. BS.412 requires limiting the integrated power of the composite signal so that it does not exceed the power in a sinewave that deviates the FM carrier by ±19 kHz (25.333% modulation with reference to ±75 kHz deviation).
Page 262 3-82 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 to the amount that the 8600’s output level control was turned down. See Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels starting on page 1-13 for a discus- sion of overshoots and how they force the average modulation to be reduced to prevent peak overmodulation of the FM carrier.
Page 263: Audio Processing And The Multiplex Power Threshold Control
3-83 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Many paths have overshoot and this forces you to reduce the average modulation to avoid overmodulating the transmitter. This would reduce the multiplex power by the same amount, forcing the multiplex power below the ITU requirement. To compensate for this, match the M control to the peak ULTIPLEX...
Page 264: Test Modes
3-84 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 integrated MPX power in any arbitrary 60-second time period cannot exceed the av- erage power of the sinewave that produced ±19 kHz carrier deviation. In other words, whenever you start measuring, you must not exceed the total integrated power limit over the following 60 seconds.
Page 265: Getting The Bass Sound You Want
3-85 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION Getting the Bass Sound You Want Probably the most frequently asked question we get regarding 8600 setup is “How do I get a (such-and-such) bass sound?” It seems that individual preference varies in this area more than anywhere else. There are no magic formulas.
Page 266: Bass Punch In The Mx Presets
3-86 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 you can get a feel for how we made the tradeoff between punch and distortion at the factory. If you set the threshold much above –6 dB, you will typically get some distortion even on steady-state waveforms (depending on where you have set the control).
Page 267: Summary
By default, the installer installs a shortcut to 8600PC.exe on your desktop and in your Start Menu under Orban\Optimod 8600. 8600 PC Remote can control only one 8600 at a time but it can readily switch be- tween several 8600s.
Page 268: To Set Up A New Connection
3-88 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 • any 8600 on the same network as the PC, • any 8600 that can be accessed through a modem connected to the PC via dial-up networking, and, • any 8600 that is connected directly to the PC’s serial port(s).
Page 269: To Modify A Control Setting
A window will appear saying, “Connecting to the 8600.” A few moments later, a new message will appear: “Please Wait. Updating Local Files.” When run, the Orban PC Remote software installer makes copies of all 8600 fac- tory preset files on your local hard drive. The PC Remote software reads these files to speed up its initialization.
Page 270: To Save A User Preset You Have Created
The encryption options prevent archived presets, system files, and auto- mation files from being restored if the user does not have the password used for the encryption. There is no “back door”— Orban cannot help you to decrypt a preset whose password is unknown.
Page 271: Note To Users Familiar With Older Version Of Pc Remote
Starting with version 1.02 software, the folder into which PC Remote saves user preset files has been changed. Previously, PC Remote saved these files in the path C:\Program Files (x86)\Orban\Optimod 8600 PC Re- mote\presets\[Optimod 8600 serial number]. This is inconvenient in Win- dows 7 because it is difficult for Windows 7 users to modify and access files within the Program Files folder.
Page 272: To Restore Archived Presets, System Files, And Automation Files
All User Presets are compatible with all 8600 software versions and are compatible with both 8600 and 8600FM. If Orban adds new controls to a software version, the new software will assign a reasonable default value to any control missing in an old User Preset.
Page 273: To Share An Archived User Preset Between 8600S
3-93 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION D) To restore all the user presets from a specific location: a) Set the F field to a user preset file type (*.orb86user, *.orbu) ILES b) Highlight all the user presets in the dialog window c) Click the R button.
Page 274: To Group Multiple 8600S
Optimod 8600 PC Re- mote (usually \Program Files (x86)\Orban\Optimod 8600). The folder has the same name as the Alias name. Once you establish the initial connection to the 8600, all presets for that 8600 are automatically copied to the Alias folder;...
Page 275: Multiple Installations Of Optimod 8600 Pc Remote
\Program Files (x86)\Orban\Optimod 8600.) When you install a new version of 8600 PC Remote, the default behavior is to overwrite the old version, which is usually the desired behav- ior. To prevent the installer from overwriting the old version, you must specify a dif- ferent installation folder when you install the new version (for example, \Program Files (x86)\Orban\Optimod 8600v2).
Page 276 3-96 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 from an older version of 8600 PC Remote, it will refuse to connect and will emit an error message regarding incompatible versions. If you decide to install the new software to a different location on your PC, new Ali- ases created using the new software will not be located in the same place as the old Aliases.
Page 277: White Paper: Measuring The Improvements In Optimod-Fm 8600'S Fm Peak Limiting Technology
3-97 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION White Paper: Measuring the Improvements in Optimod-FM 8600’s FM Peak Limiting Technology Figure 3-5 Madonna, “Get Together” remix; third-octave difference Introduction The 8600 offers new “MX” peak limiter technology that decreases distortion while increasing transient punch and high frequency power handling capacity. Compared to the FM-channel peak limiter in Optimod-FM 8500, the new peak limiter typically provides 2.5 to 3 dB more power at high frequencies, which minimizes audible HF loss caused by preemphasis limiting.
Page 278: Measurements
3-98 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The 8600’s “MX” technology peak limiter consists of two main stages—first, a pre- limiter stage to control low frequency and high frequency peaks ahead of the main peak limiter and then the main peak limiter, which uses various proprietary tech- niques to control distortion, minimize transient loss, and minimize high frequency loss.
Page 279: Figure 3-7 Kelly Clarkson, "Because Of You" Opening
1 dB more energy in the 160 Hz band but this can easily be matched more closely if the user wants.) Distortion Control: In 1977, Orban was the first company to patent and commer- cialize a psychoacoustic model to estimate and control audible clipping distortion.
Page 280: Figure 3-8 Level 42, "Starchild"
3-100 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 The 8600 also uses a psychoacoustic model, but in a far more sophisticated way that has some similarities to audio codec technology. Figure 3-6 on page 3-98 is a twelfth-octave ratio that compares the spectrum of the 8500 and 8600 outputs in a more detailed way than the third-octave ratio seen in Figure 3-5.
Page 281: Figure 3-9 Simple Minds, "Alive And Kicking"
GREGG MX. To keep the comparison “apples and apples,” we used the IMPACT MX preset in the 8600. Even with these presets, the distortion in either Orban processor was negligible compared to the effect of even modest multipath and considerably less than certain other non-Orban processors produce with this material.
Page 282: Conclusions
3-102 OPERATION ORBAN MODEL 8600 that requires suppression. By using sophisticated signal processing, the MX limiter not only avoids this problem but improves transient punch compared to the older technology. The center (under the small orange triangle) of Figure 3-9 on page 3-101 shows a snare drum hit from Simple Minds, “Alive and Kicking.”...
Page 283 3-103 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL OPERATION urements have verified that the 8600’s new limiter technology has significantly im- proved high frequency power handling capability, distortion control, and transient punch compared to Orban’s previous flagship FM processor. —Robert Orban...
Page 285: Section 4 Maintenance
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE Section 4 Maintenance Routine Maintenance The 8600 OPTIMOD-FM Audio Processor uses highly stable analog and digital circuit- ry throughout. Recommended routine maintenance is minimal. 1. Periodically check audio level and gain reduction meter readings. Become familiar with normal audio level meter readings and with the normal performance of the G/R metering.
Page 286 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 8600 1. Removing the Top Cover. To access the main boards, power supply board or display assembly, you must remove the top cover. A) Disconnect the 8600 and remove it from the rack. Be sure power is disconnected before removing the cover.
Page 287 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE 4. Removing the Front Panel. To service the headphone amplifier, the color LCD display, the pushbuttons, or the rotary encoder, it is first necessary to remove the front panel assembly. A) Make sure that AC power is disconnected from the 8600. B) Remove the ribbon cable from J200 on the display interface board.
Page 288 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 8600 The pushbutton switches, joystick, and rotary encoder are all soldered to this board and can be replaced by normal solder rework techniques. 8. Removing the Color LCD Display and carrier board. A) Make sure that AC power is disconnected from the 8600.
Page 289 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE 12. Removing the Base Board. You must have completed steps 9, 10, and 11 first. A) Make sure that AC power is disconnected from the 8600. B) Remove the three power ribbon cables from the power supply and dress them away from the Base Board.
Page 290 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 8600 E) Fully tighten the four Phillips screws holding the power supply assembly to the top apron of the chassis F) Fully tighten the two Philips that hold the IEC connector. G) Replace the two cable assemblies from the power transformer.
Page 291: Field Audit Of Performance
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE Verify that pin one of the ribbon cables (red stripe) is oriented correctly. Pin 1 is indicated by the number “1” or a square pad. 22. Reinstalling the Headphone Amplifier Board. Referring to step 5, follow the instructions in reverse. 23.
Page 292 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 8600 It is assumed that the technician is thoroughly familiar with the operation of this equipment. This procedure is useful for detecting and diagnosing problems with the 8600's per- formance. It includes checks of frequency response, noise and distortion perfor- mance, and output level capability.
Page 293 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE c) Navigate to the I 1 screen, Set controls as in the table > O NPUT UTPUT UPUT below: Analog Out Level ..............+10.0 dBu Analog Output Source ............... Xmitter Analog Preemphasis ................Flat AES 1 Out Level ................ –2.8 dBFS AES 1 Out Source ................
Page 294: Table 4-1: Decoder Chart For Power Supervisor
4-10 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 8600 Number of Red Flashes Problem With DSP B +3.3V supply CPU +3.3V supply CPU +2.5V supply Table 4-1: Decoder Chart for Power Supervisor You can monitor power supply voltages at connector J7 on the power supply board (see page 6-51 for the parts locator drawing and page 6-52 for the schematic).
Page 295 4-11 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE H) Repeat steps (C) through (G) for the Right Analog Output, adjusting output trim VR201 at step (D). 4. Check frequency response of Analog I/O. A) Verify 8600 software controls are set to their default settings. (Refer to page 4-8.) B) Be sure you are still in BYPASS mode [see step (3.F)].
Page 296 4-12 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 8600 7.5 kHz 0.015% 0.03% 10 kHz 0.015% 0.03% 15 kHz 0.015% 0.03% H) Repeat the above measurements for the right channel. Connect the oscillator to the right analog input and the distortion analyzer to the right analog out- put.
Page 297 4-13 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL MAINTENANCE F) Disconnect the digital source generator from the 8600. 8. Test the 8600’s stereo encoder. A) Connect an accurate stereo monitor like the Belar FMMS-1 (“Wizard”) stereo demodulator to the 8600’s COMPOSITE OUTPUT 1. This is labeled OUTPUT and appears on a BNC connector on the 8600’s rear panel.
Page 298 4-14 MAINTENANCE ORBAN MODEL 8600 N) Measure pilot tone injection: Using the stereo monitor, verify that pilot tone injection is between 8% and 10% modulation. If it is outside these parame- ters, it can be adjusted by navigating to I...
Page 299: Section 5 Troubleshooting
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING Section 5 Troubleshooting Problems and Potential Solutions Always verify that the problem is not the source material being fed to the 8600, or in other parts of the system. RFI, Hum, Clicks, or Buzzes A grounding problem is likely. Review the information on grounding on page 2-12. The 8600 has been designed with very substantial RFI suppression on its analog and digital input and output ports, and on the AC line input.
Page 300: Audible Distortion On-Air
Because of its 64 kHz base sample rate, the output bandwidth of the 8600’s FM channel processing is slightly higher (17 kHz) than that of Orban processors using 32 kHz base sample rate. The signal path to the transmitter must be essentially flat to 17 kHz to take advantage of the 8600’s excellent peak control at its digital and ana-...
Page 301: Audible Noise On Air
STL may only be 70-75 dB. In this case, it is wise to use an Orban studio level control device like the 8200ST Stu- dio AGC to perform the AGC function prior to the STL transmitter and to control the STL's peak modulation.
Page 302: Whistle On Air, Perhaps Only In Stereo Reception
TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 8600 Whistle on Air, Perhaps Only in Stereo Reception The most likely cause is oscillation in the analog input or output circuitry. If the oscil- lation is in the output circuitry and is between 23 and 53 kHz, it will be detected in a receiver’s stereo decoder and translated down into the audible range.
Page 303: Shrill, Harsh Sound
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING The subcarrier receiver itself must receive a multipath-free signal and must have a wide and symmetrical IF passband and a linear, low-distortion FM demodulator to prevent program-related crosstalk into subcarriers. Shrill, Harsh Sound If you are using any of the Five-Band structures, this problem can be caused by ex- cessive HF boost in the HF Equalizer and HF Enhancer.
Page 304: System Receiving 8600'S Digital Output Will Not Lock
First, verify that a problem really exists by using a second frequency-measuring de- vice and/or verifying the problem with a monitoring service. If the problem is real, contact Orban Customer Service; there is no frequency trim available. The crystal is a surface-mount part and is not easily field-replaceable.
Page 305: Digital Radio Loudness Cannot Be Set Using The Digital Output 100% Peak Level Control
The 8600FM can be upgraded to an 8600 in the field by installing the plug-in CPU board contained in the 8600UPG/HD upgrade kit, which can be purchased from your Orban dealer. The Left and Right Audio Channels are Reversed at the Digital 1 or Digital 2 Outputs only Your unit’s DSP board has a firmware bug that can be fixed in software.
Page 306: Digitized Sca Inputs Do Not Appear At The Analog Composite Outputs And Vice-Versa (Mpx Hardware Only)
TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 8600 Digitized SCA inputs do not appear at the analog composite outputs and vice-versa (MPX hardware only) This is normal: Non-digitized SCA inputs are summed into the analog composite outputs in the analog domain after D/A conversion and digitized SCA inputs are only summed into the digital composite outputs.
Page 307: Troubleshooting Connections
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING • Software Updates via Modem: If you are updating via the modem, do not change the “connection type” parameter on the 8600 while the modem is con- nected or attempting to connect. • Security Passcode: An A (administrator) security passcode is re- CREENS quired for upgrading, regardless of whether you are using a Direct, Modem, or...
Page 308: You Cannot Access The Internet After Making A Direct Or Modem Connection To The 8600
5-10 TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL 8600 You Cannot Access the Internet After Making a Direct or Modem Connection to the 8600: If you are connected to the 8600 via modem or direct connect, you cannot access any other TCP/IP connection. The PPP connection becomes the default protocol and the default gateway defaults to the 8600 unit’s IP address.
Page 309: Troubleshooting Windows Xp Modem Connect
5-11 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING H) In “This connection uses the following items,” select “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” and then click the “Properties” button. The “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties” window opens. I) Choose “Obtain an IP address automatically” and “Obtain DNS server address automatically”...
Page 310: Troubleshooting Ic Opamps
Technical Support If you require technical support, contact Orban customer service using the infor- mation found at http://www.orban.com/contact/. Be prepared to describe the prob- lem accurately. Know the serial number of your 8600  this is printed on the rear panel of the unit.
Page 311: Factory Service
Returned units will be returned C.O.D. if the unit is not under warranty. Orban will pay return shipping if the unit is still under warranty. In all cases, the customer pays transporta- tion charges to the factory (which are usually quite nominal).
Page 313: Section 6 Technical Data
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Section 6 Technical Data Specifications It is impossible to characterize the listening quality of even the simplest limiter or compressor based on specifications, because such specifications cannot adequately describe the crucial dynamic processes that occur under program conditions. There- fore, the only way to evaluate the sound of an audio processor meaningfully is by subjective listening tests.
Page 314: Installation
TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 Installation Delay Defeatable Analog FM Processing delay: 0.27 to 8.192 seconds for the 8-seconds board and 16.384 seconds for the 16-second board, adjustable in one-sample increments at 64 kHz sample rate to allow the delays of the analog and digital paths in the HD Radio system to be matched at the receiver output.
Page 315: Digital Audio Input
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Digital Audio Input Configuration: Stereo per AES3 standard, 24 bit resolution, software selection of stereo, mono from left, mono from right or mono from sum. Sampling Rate: 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, and 96 kHz automatically selected. Connector: XLR-type, female, EMI-suppressed.
Page 316 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 Wordclock/10 MHz Sync Reference Input (MPX hardware only) Configuration: Accepts 1x wordclock or 10 MHz reference signals, automatically selected. The DSP master clock can be phase-locked to these signals, which in turn phase-locks the 19 kHz pilot tone frequency, facilitating singe-frequency network operation. The digi- tal output sample frequency can also be locked to these signals.
Page 317 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Maximum Load Capacitance: 0.047µF (0Ω source impedance). Maximum cable length of 100 feet / 30 meters RG–58A/U. Filtering: RFI filtered. AES3 COMPOSITE OUTPUTS. Connectors: One XLR-type, appearing on breakout cable. Sample Frequency: 192 kHz Extension to Interim Industry Standard: The composite baseband is internally sampled at 384 kHz and alternate samples are placed on the left and right audio channels.
Page 318: Circuit Description
RFI / EMI: Tested according to Cenelec procedures. Shipping Weight: 40 lbs. / 18.1 kg Warranty Five Years, Parts and Service: Subject to the limitations set forth in Orban’s Standard Warranty Agreement (page 1-30). Because engineering improvements are ongoing, specifications are subject to change with- out notice.
Page 319: Overview
The flash memory holds the operating system, the Orban executable program, and all preset files, both factory and user. It also contains a write-protected “boot seg- ment”...
Page 320: User Control Interface And Lcd Display Circuits
2 seconds until the DSP code download has finished. If you hear a 2-second audio mute on air, you can assume that the 8600 has rebooted for some reason. Be prepared to convey this fact to Orban customer service if you call for technical assistance.
Page 321: Input Circuits
OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA The backlight on the display has a finite lifetime (normally a few years of continuous operation). Therefore, the 8600 always implements a screen-saver timeout. This is not user-adjustable. Input Circuits This circuitry interfaces the analog and digital inputs to the DSP. The analog input stages scale and buffer the input audio level to match it to the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter.
Page 322: Output Circuits
6-10 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 Stereo Analog-to-Digital (A / D) Converter Located on Input/output board The A/D converter, IC107, is a stereo 24-bit sigma-delta converter. (This is a sur- face-mount part and is not field-replaceable,) The A/D oversamples the audio, applies noise shaping, and filters and decimates to 64 kHz sample rate, which is the fundamental sample rate in the 8600.
Page 323 6-11 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Component-Level Description: IC201 and associated components filter the left channel signal emerging from IC211. The purpose of these stages is to reduce the out-of-band noise energy resulting from the delta-sigma D / A’s noise-shaping filter and to translate the differential output of the D/A converter into single-ended form.
Page 324: Dsp Circuit
6-12 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 Component-Level Description: We will describe composite output #1. IC300 is a high-speed D/A converter chip that receives the digital composite signal at a 512 kHz sample rate. It drives buffer amplifier IC308A. IC308A drives a fifth-order passive LC recon- struction filter C336-C339, L300-L301, R301-303.
Page 325: Aes Output L/R Channel Reversal Bug
6-13 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA normally. Please note any such messages and be ready to report them to Orban Cus- tomer Service. The DSP chips are located on the DSP board—see the drawings starting on page 6- 60. IC801 is a local switching-type voltage regulator on the DSP board that derives the +3.3 V supply for the DSP chips from the +RAW unregulated system voltage,...
Page 326: Power Supply
6-14 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 The guiding principle is that the correction resides in permanent memory on the control board but it corrects a bug in the DSP board. Therefore, if you break this pairing in the future (i.e., if either board is replaced for service), you may have to repeat steps (C) through (E) above.
Page 327 6-15 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA decibel voltage measurement. 0 dBu = 0.775V RMS. For this application, the dBm-into- 600Ω scale on voltmeters can be read as if it were calibrated in dBu. digital input disk jockey, an announcer who plays records in a club or on the air digital output Microsoft disk operating system for IBM-compatible PC digital signal processor (or processing).
Page 328: Parts List
Consult the factory if the listing of a part includes the note “selected” or “realignment required.” Orban normally maintains an inventory of tested, exact replacement parts that can be supplied quickly at nominal cost. Standardized spare parts kits are also available.
Page 329: Base Board
6-17 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Base Board BASE BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER SUBASSEMBLY FLAT CABLE- 42008.020Q 40P- 2"" 16013.000.01 HEATSINK, CLIP ON TO 220 RESISTOR, METALFIM, 1/8W, R28, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 20040.604.01 1%, 604 Ω...
Page 330: Cpu Board
6-18 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 BASE BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 24979.000.01 IC, BAT54C-7 D13, 14, 15, 16, 17 24982.000.01 IC, 74HC4051M 24983.000.01 IC, 7064STC100-10 24984.000.01 IC, LP2987IM-5.0 25008.000.01 IC, PS2506-4 U10, 12 LED, RED/GREEN, BI- 25112.001.01 CLR/POLR CONNECTOR, RIGHT ANGLE, 27017.025.01...
Page 331 6-19 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA CPU BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT, IDENTIFIER 20128.022.01 RESISTOR, 22Ω 1% 0805 R5, R6 20128.332.01 RESISTOR, 33.2Ω,0805 R10, R11, R14 20128.499.01 RESISTOR, 49.9Ω 1% 0805 R19, R20, R21, R22, R23 20129.160.01 RESISTOR, 160Ω 1% 0805 R24, R25 20129.330.01 RESISTOR, 330Ω...
Page 332: Rs-232 Board
6-20 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 CPU BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT, IDENTIFIER 24653.000.01 IC PWRST MIC8114 SOT143 24670.000.01 IC 10 / 100BT NIC NATIONAL 24965.000.01 IC,74ALVC164245DGG U7, U8, U9 IC MICROPROCESSOR 24972.520.01 ELANSC520 BGA388 27306.000.01 CONN RJ45 PCMT W / MAGS 27370.040.01...
Page 333: Power Supply
6-21 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Power Supply POWER SUPPLY PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 10012.404.01 SCREW MS SEM P / P 4-40 X 1 / 4 TRANSISTOR, MOUNTING KIT, TO 15025.000.01 HW1, HW2, HW3, HW4, HW5 LED MOUNT, 1 POSITION, 0.240" 15061.005.01 H1, H2, H3, H4 HIGH...
Page 334: Input/Output (I/O) Board
6-22 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 POWER SUPPLY PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER ROW , 23", 2 X 5 CONNECTOR, HEADER, 3-PIN, 27426.003.01 J6 (OPTIONAL FAN CONNECTOR) SINGLE ROW HEADER, STR, DOUBLE ROW, 27451.003.01 PCMOUNT HEADER, STR, DOUBLE ROW, 27451.004.01...
Page 335 6-23 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA INPUT/OUTPUT BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT, IDENTIFIER RESISTOR, THIN FILM, 1/8W, 20124.200.01 R402, 404, 417, 418 1%, 20.0K RESISTOR, METALFILM, 1/8W, 20126.100.01 R142, 152, 225, 231, 306 1%, 1.00M RESISTOR, 0Ω, 0805 20128.000.01 R608, 609, 610 RESISTOR, 1/8W, 1%, 150Ω, 20129.150.01 R138, 151, 235, 236...
Page 336 6-24 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 INPUT/OUTPUT BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT, IDENTIFIER C111, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 202, 203, 211, 212, 214, 215, 233, 302, 303, 306, 309, 404, 407, 410, 500, 501, 502, 510, 513, 522, 523, 527, 528, 532, CAPACITOR, X7R, 0.1UF, 10%,...
Page 337 6-25 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA INPUT/OUTPUT BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT, IDENTIFIER 24951.000.01 IC HC151 8CH MUX SOIC16 IC708, 709 24957.000.01 IC, PCM1704U IC300 24958.000.01 IC, DRV134PA-DIP IC207, IC208 IC104, 105, 106, 201, 202, 204, 206, 302, 24960.000.01 IC, OPA2134UA 24961.000.01 IC, OPA627AP IC308...
Page 338: Dsp Board
6-26 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 INPUT/OUTPUT BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT, IDENTIFIER 3.39mh 21174.000.01 CAPACITOR .047 1206 X7R C400, 401 DSP Board DSP BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 44129.100.01 FIRMWARE FPGA J703 86xx DSP IN, CIRCUIT, PROG, -, IC703 27401.000.01...
Page 339 6-27 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA DSP BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 24948.000.01 IC 74LVC2244 DRVR20 SOIC IC706, IC707, IC708 28093.000.01 OSCILLATOR VCXO 3.3V 27MHz FVXO- IC701 24766.000.01 IC PLL1707DBQ IC702 24421.000.01 IC SN74ALVCH16373DGGR IC411, IC412, IC917, IC918, IC919 24622.000.01 IC 74AHCT04 INVERT SOIC IC601, IC705 24945.000.01...
Page 340: Interface Board
6-28 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 DSP BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER C106, C107, C108, C109, C111, C112, C113, C114, C115, C116, C117, C118, C119, C201, C202, C203, C204, C205, C206, C207, C208, C209, C211, C212, C213, C214, C215, C216, C217, C218,...
Page 341: Headphone Board
6-29 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA INTERFACE BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER 23214.000.01 TRANSISTOR NPN MMBT3904 Q100 24747.000.01 IC, MAX6501, TEMP 65c IC201 24756.000.01 IC, GRAPHICS, S1D13706F00A IC104 24965.000.01 IC, 74ALVC164245DGG IC100, IC101, IC102 24994.000.01 IC, 74ACT04, SOIC 14P IC103 CONNECTOR SOCKET DIP 18- 27183.018.01 IC202...
Page 342: Encoder Board
6-30 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 HEADPHONE BOARD PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER CONNECTOR 6P MOLEX 27758.006.01 RIGHT ANGLE 29508.210.01 FLTR-EMI SUPPRESSION-50V- L1, L2, L3 CIRCUIT BOARD HEADPHONE 32091.000.05 BOARD 57148.000.01 BRACKET, PHONE 8600 TYPE Encoder Board ENCODER BOARD PART #...
Page 343: Digital Mpx (Retrofit For Pre-Mpx 8600S)
6-31 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Digital MPX (Retrofit for pre-MPX 8600s) DIGITAL MPX (Retrofit for pre-MPX units) PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER CONNECTOR JUMPER RECPT 27401.000.01 J105p2-3, J106p2-3, J202p2-3, J203p2-3 BLACK CONNECTOR 3PIN SOCKET 27408.003.01 S-L200, S-L201 STRIP 24517.000.01 IC ICS570B IC105, IC106 24795.288.01 IC XC95288XL-10TQG144C...
Page 344: Digital Mpx (For 8600Mpx Units)
6-32 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 DIGITAL MPX (Retrofit for pre-MPX units) PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER L209 24960.000.01 IC OPA2134UA IC204, IC205 IC DIGITAL INTERFACE 24672.000.01 IC103 TRANSMIT C100, C101, C112, C201, C204, C205, C206, C207, C208, C209, C210, C211, 21171.105.01...
Page 345 6-33 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA DIGITAL MPX (for 8600MPX units) PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER CONNECTOR HEADER 27473.000.01 J102 DUAL ROW 2X7 2mm IC LMV7219M5 24711.000.01 IC107 COMPARATOR 27426.005.01 HEADER UNSHRD J101, J201 CONNECTOR HEADER 3PIN 27426.003.01 J105, J106, J202, J203 SINGLE ROW CAPACITOR 10UF 10% C222, C223, C224, C225, C226, C227, C228,...
Page 346: Drawings
6-34 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 DIGITAL MPX (for 8600MPX units) PART # DESCRIPTION COMPONENT IDENTIFIER RESISTOR 1/8W 1% 1.0M 20133.100.01 R119 0805 RESISTOR 1/8W 1% 100K 20132.100.01 R101, R115, R116, R117, R118, R204, R205 R0805 R103, R104, R105, R106, R107, R108, R109, 20131.100.01...
Page 347: Function Description
6-35 OPTIMOD-FM DIGITAL TECHNICAL DATA Function Description Drawing Page Contains: Ethernet Schematic 1 of 5 6-44 General Purpose Bus Schematic 2 of 5 6-45 Memory Schematic 3 of 5 6-46 Miscellaneous Functions Schematic 4 of 5 6-47 Power and Ground Distribution Schematic 5 of 5 6-48 RS-232 Board...
Page 348 6-36 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 Function Description Drawing Page Schematic 2 of 2 6-77 Digital MPX Retrofit board for pre-MPX 8600s Parts Locator 6-78 Board Drawing For 8600MPX Parts Locator 6-79 Contains: Drawing Interconnects Schematic 1 of 3 6-80...
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Page 364 6-52 TECHNICAL DATA ORBAN MODEL 8600 Plus15V Gnd Lift CR11 CR15 Mounting Mounting 1N4004 1N4004 Plus15V U3 +5v Reg +15v Reg 15025.000.01 15025.000.01 MC78M15CT MC78M05CT PlusRAW Plus5VA 0.1µF, 50v AGND (Monitor) Plus15V Chassis Ground Pigtail, 3" long (Monitor) Minus15V (Lug w/Green AWG 18)
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