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Chapter 2 -- Introduction--About the Auxiliary Electrometer Option
both analog and digital filtering.
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A sine wave generator on the Reference 3000 allows its use for impedance measurements at frequencies up to
1 MHz. Data can be acquired at frequencies up to 300,000 points per second, allowing Cyclic Voltammetry at
scan rates of 1500 V/sec with 5 mV per point resolution.
A unique DSP (Digital Signal Processing) data acquisition mode allows the Reference 3000 to reject noise, from
the instrument itself, from the electrochemical cell, and from the lab environment. In many cases where other
instruments require a cell in a Faraday shield to make quiet measurements, the Reference 3000 can be used
with the cell exposed on a bench top.
The Reference 3000 offers an unprecedented combination of high speed, high sensitivity, and low noise. State-
of-the-art analog components were used throughout the design. In all design decisions, performance weighed
more heavily than product cost.
The Reference 3000, like all Gamry potentiostats, requires a computer for its use. Unlike most of Gamry's
older potentiostats, the Reference 3000 interfaces to the computer through a USB connection. The USB
connection has become truly universal, with USB ports found on all modern computers. Gamry's software
currently supports up to 16 Reference 3000 Potentiostats connected to one computer.
The Reference 3000 is isolated from earth ground. It can therefore be used to make measurements on cells
that contain an earth grounded metal. A few of examples of such systems include are autoclaves, large metal
storage tanks, stress apparatus, and capillary electrophoresis detectors.
About the Auxiliary Electrometer Option
The Reference 3000 Potentiostat can be equipped with a unique Auxiliary Electrometer option. This factory
installed option is especially useful when you need to measure the performance of individual cells in a multi-
cell fuel cell or battery stack.
Up to eight completely independent voltages can be measured using this option. The measurements are fully
differential, so cell voltages at any point in a stack can be measured. Each input can measure a ±5 volt signal
superimposed on a common mode voltage that can be as large as ± 36 volts! The input impedance is greater
11
than 10
Ω, so the inputs can even be connected to small diameter Lugin probes.
This option can be used to simultaneously measure electrochemical impedance on up to eight cells in a cell
stack. This is often of great interest since cells in a fuel cell or battery stack are not identical.
The AE is not restricted to energy conversion and storage applications. The electrometer inputs can measure
virtually any voltage. You can measure voltages from temperature, pressure or strain transducers or voltages of
multiple reference electrodes in a cell.
Notational Conventions
In order to make this manual more readable we have adopted some notational conventions. These are used
throughout this manual and all other Gamry Instruments manuals:
Numbered lists. A numbered list is reserved for step-by-step procedures, with the steps always
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performed sequentially.
Bulleted list. The items in a bulleted list, such as this one, are grouped together because they represent
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similar items. The order of items in the list is not critical.
File names and folders. Inside paragraphs, references to computer files and Windows folders will be
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capitalized and placed within quotes, for example: "C:\MYGAMRYDATA\CV.DTA" and
"GAMRY5.INI".
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