Page 1 R8100 SERIES COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ANALYZER OPERATOR’S MANUAL Documentation for firmware version 2.0.0.0 Freedom Communication Technologies 2002 Synergy Blvd. Suite 200 Kilgore Texas 75662 USA Tel/Fax: +1-844-903-7333  Freedom Communication Technologies 2015 All Rights Reserved FCT-1365 Printed in U.S.A...
Page 2: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Topic Page LIMITED WARRANTY ............................. 11 SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT ......................... 12 PRE-OPERATION OVERVIEW ....................... 13 SCOPE OF MANUAL ........................13 SAFETY SUMMARY ........................13 1.2.1 Analyzer Grounding ..................13 1.2.2 Unit is Live When Plugged In ............... 13 1.2.3 Keep Away From Live Circuits ..............
Page 3 2.1.1 Basic navigation and operator control ............30 2.1.2 Hot keys for fast navigation in Monitor, Audio, Display and Meter zones ..33 Operating Instructions ........................34 2.2.1 RF Zone / Monitor Mode ................34 2.2.2 RF Zone / Generate Mode ................39 2.2.3 RF Zone / Duplex Mode ................
Page 4 4.2.5 Receiver Sensitivity Testing (20 dB Quieting) ..........236 4.2.6 Squelch Sensitivity Test ................236 Cable Fault Testing ......................... 237 4.3.1 Cable Fault Locator Setup and Operation ........... 237 Appendix A – Glossary (List of Abbreviations and Acronyms) ................. 246 Appendix B –...
Page 5 List of Figures Page Figure 2.1-1 Front Panel Controls, Indicators, and Connectors ............. 18 Figure 2.1-2 Left and Right Sides of the R8100 Needs new photo ..........19 Figure 3.1.1-1 Main screen in Monitor mode showing related information in grouped display zones .. 31 Figure 3.1.1-2 Main display area after Audio Zone soft key press ..........
Page 6 Figure 3.2.5.4-1 Bar Graphs screen in Display Zone ..............71 Figure 3.2.5.5-1 General Seq screen in Display Zone ..............73 Figure 3.2.6-1 Meter Zone submenu showing RF Scan meter ............74 Figure 3.2.6-2 Meter Zone submenu after Select Meter soft key press ..........74 Figure 3.2.6.1-1 RF Power Meter screen ...................
Page 7 Figure 3.2.8.3.1-1 Submenu after pressing DMR soft key in Generator mode........ 98 Figure 3.2.8.3.1.2-1 Voice Loopback Recording ..............100 Figure 3.2.8.3.1.3-1 Power Profile Slot ................... 102 Figure 3.2.8.3.1.3-2 Power Profile Frame with Markers ............104 Figure 3.2.8.3.1.4-1 Submenu after pressing DMR soft key in Monitor mode ......105 Figure 3.2.8.3.2-1 Submenu after pressing DMR soft key in Generate mode .......
Page 8 Figure 3.2.8.6.2-1 NXDN™ Generate mode ................. 149 Figure 3.2.8.6.3-1 Main screen after selecting NXDN Trunk Test Mode ........152 Figure 3.2.8.6.3-2 Main screen after pressing NXDN™ Trunk soft key ........153 Figure 3.2.8.6.3-3 NXDN™ Trunk submenu after starting BER test ......... 154 Figure 3.2.8.6.1.4-1 NXDN Eye Diagram in Display Zone ............
Page 9 Figure 3.2.8.10.2-2 P25 II Generate mode test patterns ............191 Figure 3.2.8.11-1. AutoTune submenu ..................194 Figure 3.2.8.11-2. AutoTune radio test setup ................. 195 Figure 3.2.8.11-3 AutoTune Activity display.................. 196 Figure 3.2.8.11-4. AutoTune test in progress ................. 197 Figure 3.2.8.11-5. AutoTune Test Limits submenu ................. 199 Figure 3.2.8.11-6.
Page 10 List of Tables Page Table 3.2.8.3.1.4-1. DMR Symbols ....................105 Table 3.2.8.4.1.2-1. P25 Symbols ....................113 Table 3.2.8.4.1.3-1. P25 Voice Frame Fields .................. 119 Table 3.2.8.4.1.3-2. P25 Status Symbol Codes ................119 Table 3.2.8.4.1.3-3. P25 Data Unit Identifier Values ............... 120 Table 3.2.8.4.1.3-4.
Page 11: Limited Warranty
Technologies-published specifications. In the event of such a defect during the period of warranty, the buyer may return the product, transportation prepaid, to Freedom Communication Technologies, 2002 Synergy Blvd. Suite 200, Kilgore Texas 75662. The buyer must include written notice specifying the nature of the defect and proof of purchase and evidence of the date of shipment (dated packing list or invoice).
Page 12: Software License Agreement
RETURN THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE FOR A REFUND. LICENSE GRANT: As used in this Agreement, the term “Software” means the software embedded in the unit of R8100 Series communications system analyzer (the “Instrument”) sold by Freedom Communication Technologies Inc. (“Licensor”) to you (“Licensee”) either directly or through Licensor’s distribution network.
Page 13: Pre-Operation Overview
The safety precautions and warnings listed below represent warnings of certain dangers of which Freedom Communication Technologies is aware. You as the user of the product should follow these warnings and all other safety precautions necessary for the safe operation of the equipment in your operating environment.
Page 14: Warnings And Cautions
Warning: it is critical that only the adapter provided by Freedom Communication Technologies and shipped with the analyzer is used to power the R8100. Do not substitute other adapters without first consulting Freedom Communication Technologies support personnel or a factory authorized service center.
Page 15: Maximum Meter In Voltages
Shipping Remove battery from unit before shipment. See shipping requirements of your carrier. See “Technical Specifications” for more details about the battery The maximum input levels are: 70 VAC RMS /100 VDC (R8100 input impedance set to 1 MΩ). 15 VAC RMS /24 VDC (R8100 input impedance set to 600 Ω). 1.3.4 Maximum Meter In Voltages WARNING To ensure the safety of the user the Meter In port should not be used to measure equipment...
Page 16: Service
SERVICE All R8100 Series Communications System Analyzers are calibrated and repaired at the Freedom Communication Technologies factory: FREEDOM COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 2002 Synergy Blvd. Suite 200 Kilgore Texas 75662 USA Tel/Fax: 1-844-903-7333 REPLACEMENT PARTS ORDERS Send orders for user serviceable replacement parts to the Freedom Communication Technologies factory listed in section 1.4.
Page 17  RF Signal Generator  Sensitive Measurement Receiver  Spectrum Analyzer  Duplex Offset Generator  Oscilloscope  Frequency Counter  AC/DC Voltmeter  RF Wattmeter  Cable Fault Analyzer (optional)  Tracking Generator (optional)  Signaling Encoder/Decoder  Signal Strength Meter ...
Page 18: Figure 2.1-1 Front Panel Controls, Indicators, And Connectors
Firmware options provide test capability for advanced digital radio protocols such as P25 1&11, DMR, NXDN™, dPMR, TETRA, PTC and others as developed. The analyzer’s controls, indicators and connectors are shown in Figures 2.1-1 and 2.1-2, with a description of these physical features detailed in section 2.3 Figure 2.1-1 Front Panel Controls, Indicators, and Connectors...
Page 19: Figure 2.1-2 Left And Right Sides Of The R8100 Needs New Photo
Figure 2.1-2 Left and Right Sides of the R8100...
Page 20: Technical Specifications
Technical Specifications 1.8.1 AC Adapter Specifications Input Voltage: 100-240 VAC Input Current: 2.5A Max Input Frequency: 50-60 Hz Operating Temp: 0° to +40° C Storage Temp: -20° to +85° C 1.8.2 Port Specifications Demod Out: ±8V PK (600 Ohms), 13.3 mA Mod In: 1V PK REF;...
Page 21: Operator Interface And Controls
Storage temperature -20c to 50c max Do not subject the battery to temperatures below -20C nor above +50C For additional technical specifications of the R8100, refer to the R8100 Datasheet located on the Freedom website, www.freedomcte.com. Operator Interface and Controls The R8100 was designed to be intuitive and easy to operate.
Page 22: Front Panel Control Keys
1.9.1 Front Panel Control Keys Power Switch Press to turn the R8100 on and cycle through the boot-up sequence. When operating, pressing the switch for 3 seconds or less turns the R8100 off with an orderly power down sequence (recommended). Pressing the switch for 4 seconds or more forces an abrupt shutdown (should be avoided).
Page 23 For entering and controlling the format of alphanumeric data used by the R8100. Specific key functions are as follows: Keys (0-9) and (shifted letters A–Z). These keys enter alphanumeric information into the analyzer. Pressing a key during data entry places a new value into the highlighted symbol or number on the analyzer screen.
Page 24 value unchanged. Esc also returns to previous modes or windows when navigating the R8100’s operational menus. ▲▼ (Up/Down), and ◄► (Left/Right) Keys The arrow keys move a highlighted cursor over the alphanumeric digits in data entry windows to allow changes. They also step through the available selections in windows that display user determined settings. The R8100 responds in real time to changes made by the arrow keys.
Page 25: Front Panel Control Knobs
1.9.2 Front Panel Control Knobs Tuning (Spin) Knob Incrementally changes the value of the highlighted digit in an alphanumeric entry field. Clockwise rotation increases the value, counter-clockwise rotation decreases the value. The Tuning Knob affects the R8100 in real time providing the equivalent of an analog rotational control at the cursor location for a numeric entry.
Page 26: Front Panel Display And Indicators
1.9.3 Front Panel Display and Indicators LCD Display 8.4 inch diagonal bit-mapped LCD. Provides operational status, data, soft key driven menu based operating controls, and instructional information. Displays in digital, analog, and bar graph forms. NOTE The LCD has a screen/power saver feature that reduces intensity after approximately 30 minutes of inactivity.
Page 27 Low level RF input port for the sensitive receiver monitor on the R8100. Used for off-the-air and other low level measurements where the RF power is below 0 dBm. CAUTION Do not apply high level RF Power to the Antenna port. Lower front panel connectors Needs new photo RF In/Out...
Page 28 CAUTION Do not exceed +/- 1.5 Vpk on the Mod In/Out port or damage may occur to internal circuitry. Demod Out Provides the demodulated (recovered) audio output from a received carrier when the R8100 is in Monitor or Duplex mode. Mic In RJ-45 connector for external accessory microphone.
Page 29 – connect only the AC to DC adapter Primary DC power input port. Note: The R8100 requires 24 VDC provided by Freedom Communication Technologies to this port. Do not substitute other adapters without first consulting Freedom Communication Technologies support personnel or a factory authorized service center.
Page 30: Operation
OPERATION Overview The R8100 is operated using an intuitive and easy to navigate system of front panel keys and menu driven display interface. Dedicated navigation (BLUE) keys on the front panel enable the primary operating modes. Functions within the main operating modes have an associated display area where important operational settings and measurements are grouped for easy viewing (see figure 3.1.1-1).
Page 31: Figure 3.1.1-1 Main Screen In Monitor Mode Showing Related Information In Grouped Display Zones
The RF Zone upper left display area shows the RF settings and measured results during monitor operation. This includes the frequency of operation (Mon Freq), the signal input port (Mon Port), the input Attenuation, and other relevant data. Figure 3.1.1-1 Main screen in Monitor mode showing related information in grouped display zones Six soft keys to the right enable selection and adjustment of monitor specific modes and parameters.
Page 32: Figure 3.1.1-2 Main Display Area After Audio Zone Soft Key Press
Figure 3.1.1-2 Main display area after Audio Zone soft key press Figure 3.1.1-2 shows the R8100 display after pressing the after pressing hard key No4 on the numerical keyboard Pressing the Fixed 1kHz Level soft key brings up a data entry window for user entered data as shown in Figure 3.1.1-4.
Page 33: Hot Keys For Fast Navigation In Monitor, Audio, Display And Meter Zones
Figure 3.1.1-4 Audio Zone data entry for Fixed 1 kHz Level Data entry windows always start with the left most numeric field highlighted. Entering a value with the numeric keypad automatically steps the highlight to the right to speed the entry process. Pressing the Up/Down (▲▼) keys or rotating the Tuning Knob adjusts the value in step increments.
Page 34: Operating Instructions
Pressing a hot key directly activates the Operating Zone and displays its associated settings submenu. This allows jumping from one zone to another while in Monitor, Generator, or Duplex mode without navigating back to the main screen. The hot keys activate the respective zones and submenu as follows: RF Zone –...
Page 35: Figure 3.2.1-1 Rf Zone Display Area Showing Monitor Mode Data
Figure 3.2.1-1 RF Zone display area showing Monitor Mode data To enable the R8100 Monitor mode press the Monitor navigation button from within any menu and confirm that “Monitor” is indicated in the lower left corner of the R8100 main display. Then press the Esc button repeatedly until the soft keys to the right of the display area indicate RF Zone, Audio Zone, Display Zone, and Meter Zone.
Page 36: Figure 3.2.1-2 Monitor Mode Submenu After Rf Zone Soft Key Press
Deviation Displays the positive peak frequency deviation of the received modulated carrier (i.e. from the Frequency Error mean) - available when Modulation mode is FM. See negative peak frequency deviation with Display Zone Bar Graphs. Displays the positive peak AM percentage of the received modulated carrier - available when Modulation mode is AM.
Page 37 Monitor Frequency Sets the desired monitor frequency in a data entry window from 250 kHz to 3 GHZ using the arrow keys, keypad, or tuning knob. Pressing Enter completes the change and Esc cancels the entry. Copy Frequency to Generator Sets the R8100 Generator to the same frequency as the Monitor Modulation Type Activates a horizontal submenu with selections for the signal demodulation mode of the R8100 receiver -...
Page 38: Figure 3.2.1-3 Data Entry Window Before And After Monitor Frequency Change
Note: If RF Level Offset is enabled, the Mon Port label is cyan-colored indicating that RX measurements are adjusted by the Mon Port-specific offset. See section 2.2.8.2 for details. Input Level Units Selects the measuring units for the RF Zone input level display (“Input Lvl”) via horizontal soft keys. Choices are Volts, Watts, or dBm.
Page 39: Rf Zone / Generate Mode
manually scan an RF frequency segment for an unknown carrier, with the smooth action associated with an analog control. The spin knob adjusts whichever digit is highlighted in the data entry field by the Left/Right (◄►) cursor control buttons. Continuous rotation of the knob steps the frequency adjustment by the smallest value of the highlighted digit.
Page 40: Figure 3.2.2-2 Generator Mode Submenu After Rf Zone Soft Key Press
Setting the Generator’s RF operating parameters in the RF Zone To adjust the RF settings press the RF Zone soft key or hot key 1. The RF Zone area of the display highlights and a new soft key submenu appears as shown in Figure 3.2.2-2. The soft key selections are as follows: Figure 3.2.2-2 Generator Mode submenu after RF Zone soft key press...
Page 41: Rf Zone / Duplex Mode
Output Level Output Level (white) adjusts the RF level of the transmitted carrier for the active output port. Range is from -95 dBm to +5 dBm on the RF Gen Out port, and -130 dBm to -30 dBm on the RF In/Out port. When Modulation Type is AM, the upper limits are -1 dBm and -36 dBm respectively.
Page 42: Figure 3.2.3-1 Rf Zone Display After Duplex Key Press
Figure 3.2.3-1 RF Zone display after Duplex key press To enable the R8100 Generate mode press the Duplex navigation button from within any menu and confirm that “Duplex” is indicated in the lower left corner of the R8100 main display. Then press the Esc button repeatedly until the soft keys to the right of the display area indicate RF Zone, Audio Zone, Display Zone, and Meter Zone.
Page 43 Figure 3.2.3-2 Duplex Mode submenu after RF Zone soft key press Audio Zone The R8100 Generate and Monitor modes have a variety of audio settings and encoding/decoding features, many of which are associated with modulation of the carrier transmitted from the R8100. audio/modulation sources include a fixed 1 kHz tone generator, independent variable frequency Tone A/Tone B generators, a dedicated DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) generator, and a synthesizer for generating various other encoding formats used in 2-way radio testing.
Page 44: Figure 3.2.4-1 Audio Zone Display With The R8100 In Generate Mode
Figure 3.2.4-1 Audio Zone display with the R8100 in Generate mode Figure 3.2.4-2 shows the Audio Zone display area with the R8100 in Monitor mode. In Monitor mode the audio synthesizers operate like a standalone audio generator since they’re not modulating a carrier internal to the R8100.
Page 45: Figure 3.2.4.1-1 Audio Zone Submenu In Monitor Mode
The last page of the Audio Zone submenu also contains the baseband filter settings for the R8100 Monitor mode. Note: Audio Zone submenu screens display common settings along with menu choices that change to reflect the Format (signal type) chosen for the audio synthesizer. Different submenu screens and settings appear when other encoding types such as DPL, A/B Sequence, or 5/6 Tone are selected with the Format soft key.
Page 46: Figure 3.2.4.2-1 Format Submenu In Audio Zone
Fixed 1 kHz Mode Activates a horizontal submenu with an Off or Continuous selection for the 1 kHz tone generator. When the tone is activated the Fixed 1kHz field is highlighted in green. Synth Level Adjusts the synthesized audio generator amplitude from 0 to 8V Peak in a data entry window using the arrow keys, keypad, or spin knob.
Page 47 Synth Mode Activates a horizontal submenu with an Off or Continuous selection for the Synth generator. Tone A Level Adjusts the “A” variable tone generator amplitude from 0 to 8V Peak in a data entry window using the arrow keys, keypad, or spin knob. Pressing Enter completes the change and Esc cancels the entry. Tone A Frequency Adjusts the “A”...
Page 48: Figure 3.2.4.2-2 Dtmf Table Providing Additional Code Sequence Control
adjustment of the Tone Duration and Inter-digit Delay. A Single Digit mode also allows single key press tone generation similar to a telephone keypad. Figure 3.2.4.2-2 DTMF Table providing additional code sequence control. Microphone Mode Enables or disables modulation from an external microphone attached to the Mic In port of the R8100. Note: Pressing the PTT button on the external microphone switches the R8100 into Generate mode.
Page 49 3 kHz. This setting is used in conjunction with the Low Pass Filter to determine the audio pass band for the R8100 baseband circuitry. Low Pass Filter Activates a horizontal submenu with audio filter selections that determine the low pass frequency for the R8100’s baseband response to recovered audio.
Page 50: Figure 3.2.4.3-1 Pl Table Showing Highlighted Entry Code
Figure 3.2.4.3-1 PL Table showing highlighted entry code. DPL Code (displayed when synthesizer Format selected is DPL or DPL Invert) Activates a data entry window to enter codes for the Motorola Digital Private-Line coded squelch signaling format. Code entries are made using the cursor control, numeric keypad, and spin knob. See Table B-5 in Appendix B for a selection table with a listing of valid DPL codes.
Page 51: Figure 3.2.4.3-2 A/B Sequence Table Showing Highlighted Sequence
appears as shown in Figure 3.2.4.3-3. The tone frequencies, durations and delays are entered using this submenu. Figure 3.2.4.3-2 A/B Sequence table showing highlighted sequence.
Page 52: Figure 3.2.4.3-3 A/B Sequence Table Submenu For User Programmable Entries
Figure 3.2.4.3-3 A/B Sequence table submenu for user programmable entries 5/6 Tone (displayed when synthesizer Format selected is 5/6 Tone) Activates a data entry window and horizontal menu to enter tones for the 5/6 Tone paging format – See Figure 3.2.4.3-4. Tone entries are made using the cursor control, numeric keypad, and spin knob. See Table B-4 in Appendix B for a selection table with a listing of valid 5/6 Tone tones.
Page 53: Figure 3.2.4.3-4 5/6 Tone Entry Submenu
Figure 3.2.4.3-4 5/6 Tone entry submenu POCSAG Message (displayed when synthesizer Format selected is POCSAG) This soft key brings up a horizontal menu to select one of 8 transmission strings under the Numeric or Alphanumeric POCSAG formats. These include: Tone Only; Numeric number; Numeric set; Alphanumeric upper case;...
Page 54: Figure 3.2.4.3-5 Pocsag Table Submenu
Figure 3.2.4.3-5 POCSAG Table submenu 2.2.3.3.1 Settings in the POCSAG Table submenu Synth Mode Activates a horizontal submenu to select Off, Continuous, or Burst mode for the POCSAG synthesizer. Capcode Select the Capcode for the specific pager from 0 through 2097151 using arrow keys, keypad, or spin knob. Function Bits Activates a horizontal submenu for choosing the function bits indicating the type and format of the message data page (00;...
Page 55 desired for the POCSAG Msg. Highlighting the NumericCust or AlphaNumCust selections allows editing of the respective custom Numeric or Alpha-numeric strings. Up to 16 characters may be entered. Entered NumericCust and AlphaNumCust strings are truncated or expanded to match Message Length. Tone Only: <empty string>...
Page 56: Figure 3.2.4.3-6 General Sequence Table Submenu
General Sequence Table (displayed when synthesizer Format selected is General Sequence) Displays a programming table for the General Sequence encoder (see Figure 3.2.4.3-6. The table is populated with 20 Tone Codes (0 to 9 and A to J) with preset data for frequency, duration, and post-tone delay.
Page 57 Select Tone Standard Choose which Tone Standard is used for the preset Tone Code entries on the General Sequence table. “None” populates the table with the factory default values shown in Figure 3.2.4.3-6. The remaining selections are SelCall (Selective Calling) tone standards: CCIR1; CCIR2; PCCIR; CCITT; EEA; EIA; Euro;...
Page 58 Sync to Code Entry When set to “Yes” any Tone Code alphanumeric value entered into the Code Sequence field is initially populated into the associated position in the Duration and Delay Sequence fields - Figure 3.2.4.3-6 shows an example of this. This matches the frequency, duration, and delay values for each tone in the Code Sequence to that shown on the Tone Code line entry in the table.
Page 59: Figure 3.2.4.4-1 Audio Zone Submenu In Generator Mode
Figure 3.2.4.4-1 Audio Zone submenu in Generator mode The additional submenu choices for the Audio Zone in Generate mode are as follows: Mod Port Mode This soft key determines the signal routing for the Mod In/Out port on the front panel. Choosing “In” directs an externally applied signal to the modulation circuitry of the R8100.
Page 60: Display Zone
CAUTION Do not exceed +/- 1.5 V on the Mod In/Out port or damage may occur to internal circuitry. Mod In Port Mode Activates a horizontal submenu with an Off or Continuous selection for the external signal applied to the Mod In/Out port on the front panel.
Page 61: Figure 3.2.5-1 Display Zone Submenu After Select Display Soft Key Press
Figure 3.2.5-1 Display Zone submenu after Select Display soft key press The following sections detail the submenu and soft key selections for the graphical displays on the R8100 analyzer. 2.2.4.1 Spectrum Analyzer settings Access the Spectrum Analyzer using the Select Display soft key to bring up the horizontal submenu display choices.
Page 62 is inhibited at spans above 158 kHz. Switch display to Mod Scope or use Demod at Marker function to hear audio at wider spans. Start Frequency Sets the display start frequency in MHz. Use with the Stop Frequency to establish a desired frequency range for the Spectrum Analyzer display.
Page 63: Figure 3.2.5.1-1 Trace Math Display
|Spec-Ref| (lin) – Displays the logarithm of the absolute value of the difference of the Display Mode spectrum in volts² minus the reference trace in volts². Note: Although the absolute value of the difference avoids logarithm of negatives, it has the side-effect of increasing the apparent noise power. Spec+Ref (lin) –...
Page 64 3 dB Marker Selects the 3 dB marker with the following horizontal menu choices: Off – Function is off Frequency – Places a marker above and below center frequency where the signal is -3 dB below the peak amplitude measured at center frequency. The upper and lower frequencies are shown on the display. Delta –...
Page 65: Figure 3.2.5.1-2 Demod At Marker Submenu
peaks and use the marker selection to quickly demodulate and listen to those peaks. Additionally, on the Dual Display, the user can simultaneously also view the demodulation scope while tuning the marker positions. Note: To ensure audio is demodulated, the marker must be close enough to overlap the R8100 Monitor Bandwidth around the carrier frequency.
Page 66: Figure 3.2.5.2-1 Display Zone Submenu For The Mod Scope
Figure 2.2.4.2-1 Display Zone submenu for the Mod Scope Vertical Scale Selects the vertical scale resolution for the display’s major grid lines via a horizontal submenu. The display units presented are dependent on the R8100’s modulation setting in the RF Zone. For FM mode the units are in Hz and kHz deviation, ranging from 100 Hz/div to 50 kHz/div.
Page 67 1/DeltaT – The numeric reading shows the inverse of the time difference between markers which can be used to determine the frequency of a repetitive waveform. Toggle Marker Cycles through the available markers to select the active one (yellow) for positional adjustment on the display.
Page 68: Figure 3.2.5.3-1 Display Zone Submenu For The Oscilloscope
Access the external Oscilloscope using the Select Display soft key to bring up the horizontal submenu display choices shown in Figure 3.2.5.3-1. The available adjustments are as follows: Figure 3.2.5.3-1 Display Zone submenu for the Oscilloscope Coupling Selects the input coupling for the external signal applied to the Meter In port with a user entry window. Choose DC or AC coupling by pressing the Coupling soft key, the Up/Down (▲▼) keys, or rotating the spin knob.
Page 69 Note: Digital oscilloscopes are susceptible to aliasing which can cause inaccurate signal reconstruction. The Maximum Recommended Input frequency for each horizontal scale setting is shown in the display area. For best results follow the guidelines shown in the table below: Maximum Maximum Horizontal...
Page 70 Auto – If a signal satisfying the Trigger Edge and Trigger Level settings is present the display will sweep as in Normal mode. If no signal satisfying the Trigger Edge and Trigger Level settings is present then the display sweeps continuously until a signal satisfying the settings is acquired. Normal –...
Page 71: Figure 3.2.5.4-1 Bar Graphs Screen In Display Zone
Monitor AM% Displays the negative and positive peak AM percentages of a modulated carrier, available when Modulation mode is AM. Frequency Error Shows the frequency difference (error) of the input carrier minus the programmed frequency of the R8100 (i.e. Monitor Frequency). Input Level Input Lvl displays the RF input level of the carrier.
Page 72 Deviation Average The Bar Graph display can be adjusted to smooth the response using horizontal submenu selections activated with the Deviation Average soft key on the vertical menu. The Deviation Average settings are: Normal – No smoothing is engaged, which provides the quickest measurement response. Peak Average –...
Page 73: Meter Zone
Figure 3.2.5.5-1 General Seq screen in Display Zone 2.2.5 Meter Zone The R8100 has several metering functions consisting of general purpose and specialized instruments providing detailed analysis of the recovered baseband content from RF signals. They are accessed from the main menu with the Meter Zone soft key and displayed in a dedicated area on the main screen below the Display Zone –...
Page 74: Figure 3.2.6-1 Meter Zone Submenu Showing Rf Scan Meter
Figure 3.2.6-1 Meter Zone submenu showing RF Scan meter Pressing the Select Meter soft key displays the available metering functions on a horizontal submenu (see Figure 3.2.6-2). They include Power Meter, Voltmeter, SINAD/Distortion, Decoder, Frequency Counter, and RF Scan. Figure 3.2.6-2 Meter Zone submenu after Select Meter soft key press 2.2.5.1 Power Meter Provides a bar graph display and numeric readout in Watts of the broadband input power applied to the...
Page 75: Figure 3.2.6.1-1 Rf Power Meter Screen
Figure 2.2.5.1-1 RF Power Meter screen 2.2.5.2 Voltmeter Provides an AC and DC voltmeter mode for measuring the amplitude of electrical voltages at the Meter In port with the following menu selections: Select Voltmeter Mode Choose AC Volts or DC Volts on a horizontal menu AC Volts –...
Page 76: Figure 3.2.6.3-1 Sinad Display
Available when Select Voltmeter Mode is AC Volts and a reference input voltage is not set. When selected, dBm measurements are frozen and a dBr indicator appears. The dBr indicates the normalized measurement between the reference input voltage and the current input voltage. Clear dBr Reference Available when Select Voltmeter Mode is AC Volts and a reference input voltage is set.
Page 77: Figure 3.2.6.4-1 Pl/Period Counter Screen
Choose from the available decoding functions on a horizontal menu. These include PL/Period Counter, DPL Decode, DTMF Decode, 2-Tone Decode, 5/6 Decode, and General Sequence. PL/Period Counter – Displays the frequency and numeric code of the recovered audio from a radio modulated with the Motorola Private-Line (PL) format (Figure 2.2.5.4-1).
Page 78: Figure 3.2.6.4-4 2-Tone Decode Screen
Figure 2.2.5.4-4 2-Tone Decode screen 5/6 Tone Decode – Decodes the 5/6 tone sequential paging format (Figure 2.2.5.4-5). The meter displays a table with the decoded cap code along with the individual tone frequencies and durations. A vertical submenu allows selection of the meter sensitivity from MIN to MAX via the spin knob, Up/Down (▲▼) keys, or repeated presses of the Sensitivity soft key.
Page 79: Figure 3.2.6.4-6 General Sequence Decode Screen
Figure 2.2.5.4-6 General Sequence decode screen High Pass Filter Activates a horizontal submenu with audio filter selections that determine the high pass frequency for the R8100’s baseband response to recovered audio. The “cut-on” frequency selections are 5 Hz, 300 Hz, and 3 kHz.
Page 80: Figure 3.2.6.5-1 Frequency Counter Screen
Selects the signal source used for the R8100 frequency counter and decode functions. When set to Internal the recovered audio or tones from a demodulated received signal are used as the signal source. External setting directs an externally applied signal at the Meter In port to the R8100 frequency counter and decode circuits.
Page 81: Instrument Menu
Figure 2.2.5.6-1 RF Scan display 2.2.6 Instrument Menu The Instrument menu provides several of the measurement functions on the R8100 in a dedicated full screen display. This makes it easier to view smaller waveform details and provide more numeric fields with instrument specific data.
Page 82: Figure 3.2.7-1 Submenu After Pressing Instrument Navigation Key
Figure 3.2.7-1 Submenu after pressing Instrument navigation key The sub-menus, control, and settings for the full screen instruments duplicate those of the limited screen versions in the Display Zone. When applicable, additional soft keys appear to exploit the extra display area.
Page 83: Figure 3.2.7.1-1 Submenu In Spectrum Analyzer Instrument Mode
Figure 2.2.6.1-1 Submenu in Spectrum Analyzer Instrument mode 2.2.6.2 Dual Display mode The optional Dual Display mode provides a convenient one screen presentation of two instruments often used together, the Spectrum Analyzer and Modulation Scope. This gives a user control and a simultaneous view of the results from both measurement functions.
Page 84: Figure 3.2.7.2-1 Dual Display Mode
Figure 2.2.6.2-1 Dual Display mode In Dual Display mode the submenus, control, and parameter entry are unchanged from the full screen versions of the Spectrum Analyzer and Modulation Scope. Gen Port Selects the active port (RF In/Out or Gen Out) for the swept R8100 tracking generator output in a selection table using the Up/Down (▲▼) keys or spin knob.
Page 85: Figure 3.2.7.3-1 Tracking Generator Mode
Note: If RF Level Offset is enabled, the Mon Port label is cyan-colored indicating that RX measurements are adjusted by the Mon Port-specific offset. See section 2.2.8.2 for details. 2.2.6.3 Tracking Generator mode The optional Tracking Generator function sets up the R8100 RF generator in a sweeping mode for simultaneous use with the spectrum analyzer display.
Page 86 Center Frequency Sets the tracking generator center frequency from 250 kHz to 3 GHz in a data entry window using the arrow keys, keypad, or tuning knob. Pressing Enter completes the change and Esc cancels the entry. Span Sets the total frequency window for tracking generator operation in MHz. The Span entry total is automatically split on each side of the current center frequency.
Page 87 Marker Mode Provides display marker control via a horizontal soft key menu. Markers can be turned off or on with a choice of numeric readout for the signal measurements. Absolute – Displays the frequency and absolute signal amplitude for each marker selected (total of 4). Delta –...
Page 88: Figure 3.2.7.3-2 Normalized Spectrum Analyzer Trace
Attenuation Adjusts the Monitor Port RF input signal attenuation in 2 dB steps from 0 to 62 dB. Select in a list entry window using the Up/Down (▲▼) keys or spin knob. Pre-Amplifier Enables a supplementary input amplifier that extends the sensitivity of the RF Monitor by improving the S/N ratio for low signal levels.
Page 89: Figure 3.2.7.4-1 Cable Fault Locator Mode
Standard zone operation of the R8100 (e.g. RF Zone, Audio Zone, etc.). To restore Standard zone operation press an associated mode key such as Monitor, Generate, Duplex, etc. NewPic Figure 2.2.6.4-1 Cable Fault Locator mode The Cable Fault Locator has settings for entering cable parameters and display specifics. Several standard cable selections provide predetermined settings.
Page 90 Maximum Length Sets the maximum cable length in a data entry window so that the R8100 can optimize the RF parameters and FFT calculations. The entry units are determined by the setting in the Distance Units submenu. Analyze Determines the Cable Fault Locator operating mode with a horizontal soft key menu. Off –...
Page 91 Toggle Marker Cycles through the available markers to select the active one (yellow) for positional adjustment on the display. The active marker is moved using the Left/Right (◄►) cursor control buttons. Find Peak Moves the cursor to the highest peak in the display window and provides a numeric readout of the distance and return loss.
Page 92: Test Menu
Figure 2.2.6.4-2 Frequency and Attenuation entries in the Add Cable Type submenu Edit Cable Allows parameter changes for the currently selected cable type. Note: This function is not available for factory provided selections. Delete Cable Removes the currently selected cable type from R8100 memory if it was stored as a user defined cable. 2.2.6.5 Other Meters Pressing the “Other Meters”...
Page 93: Figure 3.2.8-1 Submenu After Pressing Test Navigation Key
The presets permit storage or recall of R8100 operational settings allowing an operator to quickly recreate specific test conditions. Dedicated test modes such as DMR, P25, NXDN, dPMR and TETRA provide the ability to analyze advanced transmission protocols using digital modulation (see section 2.2.7.2) for the supported optional protocols.
Page 94: Figure 3.2.8.1-1 Submenu After Pressing Presets Soft Key
2.2.7.1.1 Power Up Configuration If no presets are present the R8100 powers up in the default factory configuration. Otherwise the power up configuration becomes that of the last Preset loaded or saved before the unit was powered down. Figure 3.2.8.1-1 Submenu after pressing Presets soft key Save Configuration As This soft key saves the current R8100 operational settings into a memory Preset.
Page 95: Figure 3.2.8.1-2 Data Entry Mode After Pressing Save Configuration Soft Key
Figure 3.2.8.1-2 Data entry mode after pressing Save Configuration soft key Load Selected Preset Pressing this soft key configures the R8100 to the settings saved under the highlighted Preset. Use the Up/Down keys (▲▼) or spin knob to scroll through the available selections. Note: The selected Preset becomes the new default configuration on power up unless a different one is chosen or saved before powering down the analyzer.
Page 96: Figure 3.2.8.2-1 Test Mode Submenu
1 and phase 2, NXDN™ conventional and trunking, dPMR and TETRA. Other test mode options are under development and will be provided as firmware upgrades. Figure 3.2.8.2-1 Test Mode submenu 2.2.7.2.1 DMR Test Mode with MOTOTRBO™ The R8100 DMR Test Package option / DMR Test Mode allows testing of repeater/subscriber radios compliant with the ETSI DMR) Tier 2 conventional (non-trunked) radio transmission Digital Mobile Radio (...
Page 97: Dmr Transmitter Tests
Figure 3.2.8.3-1 DMR transmitter tests 2.2.7.2.2 DMR transmitter tests These tests are performed with the R8100 in Monitor mode – see Figure 3.2.8.3.1-1. During repeater/subscriber radio transmission the R8100 continuously measures the quality of the radio’s transmitted 4FSK signal over the 132 symbols (264 bits) that comprise an entire DMR TDMA burst.
Page 98: Figure 3.2.8.3.1-1 Submenu After Pressing Dmr Soft Key In Generator Mode
Figure 3.2.8.3.1-1 Submenu after pressing DMR soft key in Generator mode 2.2.7.2.3 RF Zone Input Level Input Lvl displays the average power in the specified Burst of the synchronized TDMA slot of the received signal. Note: Although Input Level is used for Squelch, Squelch has no effect on measurement updates. Note: When the RF input power on the RF In/Out port is above +20 dBm (100 mW), the R8100 utilizes a broadband power detector for the measurement.
Page 99 Freq Error Freq Error displays the frequency difference of the received DMR transmission carrier minus the R8100 Monitor Frequency. Note: For other standard RF Zone settings see RF Zone / Monitor Mode. 2.2.7.2.3.1 DMR Zone Count Increments each time the specified SYNC Pattern is detected, thus the R8100 synchronizes to that TDMA slot.
Page 100: Figure 3.2.8.3.1.2-1 Voice Loopback Recording
Brand (DMR submenu) Choose DMR compliant manufacturer brand for specific testing by the R8100. The tests and display may change to address unique aspects of each manufacturer’s radio series. Figure 3.2.8.3.1.2-1 Voice Loopback Recording Voice Loopback (DMR submenu) This enables the Voice Loop feature in DMR mode (U.S. patent 5703479). Once enabled the R8100 automatically records an input message when the radio under test transmits a signal above the squelch level setting (see Front Panel Control Knobs).
Page 101 provides a quick end–to-end test of the radio transmitter and receiver. Voice Loopback can also be used to quickly verify basic functionality of an encrypted message. Note: The power Input Level of the received message is readjusted to maintain the power Output Level of the transmitted message.
Page 102: Figure 3.2.8.3.1.3-1 Power Profile Slot
2.2.7.2.3.2 Display Zone Select Display (Display Zone submenu) See Display Zone for standard selections and below for custom selections. Figure 2.2.7.2.3.2-1 Power Profile Slot Power Profile (Display Zone selection) The power profile display provides a power versus time plot of the transmitter. The display is useful in assuring that near-far situations will not result in co-channel inter-slot interference on the alternate or non- transmission slot and that the power level will be adequate for acceptable BER performance.
Page 103 Note: See the Technical Specification: ETSI TS 102 361-1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 1: "DMR Air Interface (AI) protocol", Burst timing. Select View (Power Profile submenu) Select the slot(s) to view. Although slots are alternating 30 milliseconds, the profile for a slot is 30.5 ms, divided into three regions for ramp-up (1.5 ms), burst (27.5 ms), and ramp-down (1.5 ms).
Page 104: Figure 3.2.8.3.1.3-2 Power Profile Frame With Markers
Figure 2.2.7.2.3.2-2 Power Profile Frame with Markers 2.2.7.2.3.3 Meter Zone Select Meter See Meter Zone for standard selections and below for custom selections. Constellation (Meter Zone selection) The Constellation display provides a visual representation of overall transmitter operation – see Figure 3.2.8.3.1-2.
Page 105: Figure 3.2.8.3.1.4-1 Submenu After Pressing Dmr Soft Key In Monitor Mode
Figure 2.2.7.2.3.3-1 Submenu after pressing DMR soft key in Monitor mode The nominal deviation points for each data symbol are as follows: Bits Symbol Deviation +1944 Hz +648 Hz -648 Hz -1944 Hz Table 2.2.7.2.3.3-1. DMR Symbols 2.2.7.2.4 DMR receiver tests DMR receiver tests are performed with the R8100 in Generate mode and protocol specific tests are accessed with the DMR soft key - see Figure 3.2.8.3.2-1.
Page 106: Figure 3.2.8.3.2-1 Submenu After Pressing Dmr Soft Key In Generate Mode
Figure 3.2.8.3.2-1 Submenu after pressing DMR soft key in Generate mode Brand Choose DMR compliant manufacturer brand for specific testing by the R8100. The tests and display may change to address unique aspects of each manufacturer’s radio series. Voice Loopback Off –...
Page 107: Figure 3.2.8.3.2-2 Voice Loopback Playing
Figure 3.2.8.3.2-2 Voice Loopback Playing Color Code Selects one of 16 color codes (0 to 15) to match that of the radio or base station for the specific channel frequency being tested. Although the R8100 can analyze a transmission with any color code, radios will only accept a transmission whose color code matches its own (unless the radio is in a test diagnostic mode that ignores the color code).
Page 108 changes the value of every 100th O.153 information bit and the very last bit to yield 13 bit errors out of 1296 O.153 information bits (precisely 1.0030864%). O.153 – This super frame test pattern based on ITU-T O.153 (formerly CCITT V.52) is used to perform BER calculations.
Page 109 2.2.7.3 PROJECT 25 Test Mode (Conventional) The optional R8100 PROJECT 25 (P25) Test Mode allows testing of conventional (non-trunked) APCO Project 25 phase 1 (P25) compliant mobile stations (radios) and base stations (repeaters) in simplex and duplex modes. P25 radios use a digital transmission format employing Continuous 4 level FM (C4FM) modulation.
Page 110: Figure 3.2.8.4.1-1 Main Screen In Monitor Mode Voice Frame Decode
2.2.7.3.1 P25 transmitter tests Figure 2.2.7.3.1-1 Main screen in Monitor mode Voice Frame Decode P25 Transmitter tests are performed with the R8100 in Monitor or Duplex mode and protocol specific tests are accessed with the PROJECT 25 soft key – see Figure 2.2.7.3.1-1. For Bit Error Rate (BER) testing the manufacturer’s RSS software is required.
Page 111: Figure 3.2.8.4.1-2 Main Screen In Monitor Mode After Pressing The Project 25 Soft Key
Figure 2.2.7.3.1-2 Main screen in Monitor mode after pressing the PROJECT 25 soft key 2.2.7.3.1.1 RF Zone Input Level (RF Zone display) Input Lvl displays the average power in the P25 channel under test. Note: When the RF input power on the RF In/Out port is above +20 dBm (100 mW), the R8100 utilizes a broadband power detector for the measurement.
Page 112: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.2-1 Test Pattern Submenu In P25 Monitor Mode
Deviation (RF Zone display) Displays the positive peak FM frequency deviation of the received modulated carrier (i.e. from the Frequency Error mean). See negative peak frequency deviation with Display Zone Bar Graphs. 2.2.7.3.1.2 PROJECT 25 Zone Test Pattern (P25 submenu) Provides selection for one of 4 TIA/EIA-102.CAAA compliant predefined test patterns for BER testing of a P25 radio in monitor mode as shown in Figure 2.2.7.3.1.2-1.
Page 113 Symbol Deviation (P25 Zone display) P25 radios broadcast voice and data using a 4 level frequency deviation of the carrier to represent symbols containing data bits as shown in the table below. The nominal deviation value for a Project 25 radio using C4FM modulation is 1800 Hz.
Page 114: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.2-2 P25 Voice Recording
Figure 2.2.7.3.1.2-3. This provides a quick end–to-end test of the P25 radio transmitter and receiver. Also, while complete P25 encryption radio support will be an upcoming R8100 feature, Voice Loopback can presently be used to quickly verify basic functionality of an encrypted P25 radio. Note: The R8100 captures and resends the Network Access Code (NAC) sent by the radio.
Page 115: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.2-3 P25 Voice Loopback
Figure 2.2.7.3.1.2-3 P25 Voice Loopback Play Last Recording (Voice Loopback submenu) This selection appears only after a recording has been made. Pressing the soft key places the R8100 in Generate mode and modulates the carrier with the most recently recorded voice channel data after the Voice Loopback function is enabled.
Page 116: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-1 P25 Eye Diagram Selection In Display Zone
programmed with any NAC but the radio requires the R8100 to transmit the specific NAC programmed into the radio. 2.2.7.3.1.3 Display Zone Select Display (Display Zone submenu) See 2.2.4 Display Zone for standard selections and below for custom selections. Eye Diagram (Display Zone selection) The Eye Diagram provides a visual display of the received P25 signal and overlays the modulation response during two symbol periods over the four “target”...
Page 117: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-2 Eye Diagram With Mon Mod Type Wcqpsk And Display Mode Fade Away
Display Mode (Eye Diagram submenu) Selects the display presentation with the following horizontal menu choices: Normal – The display updates continuously. Fade Away – Similar to the persistence mode on an oscilloscope - see Figure 2.2.7.3.1.3-2. The intensity of each trace fades away or decays as new traces are received. The effect is to intensify the display in the area where the waveform spends most of its time.
Page 118: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-3 P25 Voice Frame Decode
Figure 2.2.7.3.1.3-3 P25 Voice Frame Decode Note: The Voice Frame header’s TGID and MFID are not displayed; see the User Voice Call fields for the Link Control code word’s Group Address and MFID, if applicable. Voice Frame Decode (Display and Meter Zone selections) Choose this decode function in either the Display Zone or Meter Zone (which displays a subset of the information and selects the Display Zone automatically).
Page 119 Field Mnemonic Bits Note Network Identifier Network Access Code Data Unit ID DUID See Table 2.2.7.3.1.3-3 Header Word Message Indicator Encryption is not supported Manufacturer’s ID MFID Not displayed Algorithm ID Encryption is not supported; 80 is unencrypted Key ID Encryption is not supported Talk-group ID TGID...
Page 120: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-4 P25 Voice Frame Decode Unit To Unit
Value DUID Note HEADER Header Data Unit TERM Terminator without LC LDU1 Logical Link Data Unit 1 TSBK Trunking Signaling Data Unit (block) 10 (and 5) LDU1:LDU2 Logical Link Data Unit 2 (and 1) Packet Data Unit TERM(LC) Terminator with LC Reserved Table 2.2.7.3.1.3-3.
Page 121: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-5 Constellation Plot (Symbols)
Name Mnemonic Bits Value (hex) Note Emergency Protected Encryption is not supported Duplex Mode Reserved 0 is specified Priority Level 01 to 07 Highest to lowest Table 2.2.7.3.1.3-4. P25 Service Options Note: Service options are combined by adding their respective values. Example: The Emergency, Duplex, and Highest Priority Level options combined have a value of A1.
Page 122: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-6 Ideal Constellation
Error Vector Magnitude (Constellation Plot display) EVM (RMS) provides a quantitative representation of the overall transmitter operation to the constellation diagram – see Figure 2.2.7.3.1.3-5. Constellation Graph (Constellation Plot display) P25 LSM/WCQPSK radios broadcast voice and data using 8 differential phase shift deviations from the carrier to represent symbols containing 3 data bits.
Page 123: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-7 Constellation Plot (Samples / Trajectories)
Figure 2.2.7.3.1.3-7 Constellation Plot (Samples / Trajectories) Distribution Plot (Display Zone selection) This selection displays a graph showing the distribution of symbol deviations of the received signal grouped into frequency bins of 10 Hz or less (i.e. the frequency offset versus the rate of occurrence of that frequency).
Page 124: Figure 3.2.8.4.1.3-8 Distribution Plot Of 1011 Hz Tone
Figure 2.2.7.3.1.3-8 Distribution Plot of 1011 Hz Tone 2.2.7.3.1.4 Meter Zone See 2.2.5 Meter Zone for standard selections. 2.2.7.3.2 P25 receiver tests P25 receiver tests are performed with the R8100 in Generate or Duplex mode and protocol specific tests are accessed with the PROJECT 25 soft key - see Figure 3.2.8.4.2-1. The R8100 can generate various P25 compliant test patterns using C4FM modulation –...
Page 125: Figure 3.2.8.4.2-1 Main Screen In Generate Mode After Pressing The Project 25 Soft Key
oice Frame to adapt to the system under test. Figure 3.2.8.4.2-1 Main screen in Generate mode after pressing the PROJECT 25 soft key Test Pattern (P25 submenu) Provides selection for one of 7 TIA/EIA-102.CAAA compliant predefined bit patterns for BER testing of a P25 radio in receive mode.
Page 126 Calibration (Tone 5%) – The test pattern derived from the standard 1011 Hz Tone test pattern used to verify BER measurements are operating correctly. Every 20th bit is inverted to yield 172 errors out of 3456 bits resulting in a 4.976852% BER. Standard Tx (O.153/V.52) –...
Page 127: Figure 3.2.8.4.2-3 P25 Voice Frame Encoder Submenu
Voice Frame Encoder (P25 submenu) Accesses a P25 Voice Frame Encoder to allow editing of embedded signaling information contained in the R8100 P25 voice frames. This allows the R8100 Voice Frame configuration to match the radio or system under test - see Figure 3.2.8.4.2-3. In generate mode, the Voice Frame Encoder soft key is hidden for test pattern selections that are not modifiable (e.g.
Page 128 Key ID (Voice Frame Encoder submenu) When encryption is used this identifies the specific encryption key used when multiple keys are present on the encryption modules. The range of values is from hexadecimal 0000 to FFFF. Alpha numeric entries are made using the ▲▼ (Up/Down), and ◄► (Left/Right) keys, numeric keypad, and spin knob. Algorithm ID (Voice Frame Encoder submenu) When encryption is used this identifies the specific encryption algorithm used in the system.
Page 129 Field Mnemonic Bits Note Network Identifier Network Access Code 293=Default Data Unit ID DUID 0=Header Data Unit Header Word Message Indicator Encryption is not supported Manufacturer’s ID MFID Also copied to Link Control Algorithm ID ALGID Encryption is not supported Key ID Encryption is not supported Talk-group ID...
Page 130 Field Mnemonic Bits Note Format Protected flag Encryption is not supported Standard Format 0=specification Opcode 0=specification Manufacturer’s ID Same as Header Word’s MFID MFID Service Options Emergency Protected Encryption is not supported Duplex Mode Reserved Priority Level 0 to 7 (lowest) Reserved Same as Header Word’s TGID Group Address...
Page 131 Field Mnemonic Bits Note Format Protected flag Encryption is not supported Standard Format 0=specification Opcode 3=specification Manufacturer’s ID MFID Same as Header Word Service Options Emergency Hex 80; MSB Protected Hex 40; Encryption is not supported Duplex Hex 20 Mode Hex 10 Reserved Priority Level...
Page 132 D – Duplex 00 = Half-duplex, the subscriber unit will be capable of transmitting but not simultaneously receiving on the assigned channel 20 = Full duplex, the subscriber unit is capable of transmitting and receiving simultaneously on the assigned channel M –...
Page 133 2.2.7.4 PROJECT 25 Test Mode (Trunking) The optional R8100 P25 Trunk Test Mode allows testing of trunked APCO Project 25 (P25) compliant radios. P25 mobile stations (radios) use a digital transmission format employing Continuous 4 level FM (C4FM) modulation. The R8100 P25 Trunk mode simulates the functions of a Project 25 central controller with the control and voice channel protocols needed for various tests.
Page 134: Figure 3.2.8.5-1 Main Screen After Selecting P25 Trunk Test Mode
Figure 3.2.8.5-1 Main screen after selecting P25 Trunk Test Mode When the P25 Trunk Test Mode is selected the R8100 is automatically placed in Duplex mode and begins transmitting idle messages on the control channel with no encryption. Pressing the P25 Trunk soft key on the main screen displays a submenu with the following settings (see Figure 3.2.8.5-2).
Page 135: Figure 3.2.8.5-2 Main Screen After Pressing P25 Trunk Soft Key
transmitter and receiver. This Voice Loop feature can even be used to verify basic functionality of a P25 radio with an encrypted voice channel. Figure 3.2.8.5-2 Main screen after pressing P25 Trunk soft key Generate Modulation Type (P25 Trunk submenu) Select the desired type of modulation (C4FM, LSM, or WCQPSK) for the generated signal required by the receiver.
Page 136 WACN ID (P25 Trunk submenu) Set the Wide Area Communication Network IDentity (WACN ID) of the P25 system being tested. The range of values is from hexadecimal 00000 to FFFFF. Alpha numeric entries are made using the ▲▼ (Up/Down), and ◄► (Left/Right) keys, numeric keypad, and spin knob. SYSTEM ID (P25 Trunk submenu) Set the System IDentity within the WACN of the P25 system being tested.
Page 137: Figure 3.2.8.5-4 P25 Trunk Band Plan Submenu
Figure 3.2.8.5-4 P25 Trunk Band Plan submenu Band (Band Plan Table submenu) Select 800 MHz, 700 MHz, or UHF/VHF using a horizontal submenu. This is used to determine the Identifier Update TSBK format and the band plan defaults. Set Band Plan to defaults (Band Plan Table submenu) Set Base Frequency, Channel Spacing, TX Offset, and Channel Identifier values to system defaults according to the specified Band setting.
Page 138 Band Base Last Channel Transmit Channel Frequency Frequency Spacing Offset Identifier (MHz) (MHz) (kHz) (MHz) 800 MHz 851.006250 876.600000 6.250 700 MHz 762.006250 787.600000 6.250 UHF/VHF 450.000000 475.593750 6.250 Table 3.2.8.5-1 P25 Trunk Band Plan Defaults Bandwidth (Band Plan Table submenu) Select 6.25 kHz or 12.5 kHz using a horizontal submenu.
Page 139 Control Chnl TX Frequency (P25 Trunk submenu) Set the base station control channel generate frequency directly in MHz using the ▲▼ (Up/Down), and ◄► (Left/Right) keys, numeric keypad, and spin knob. The Control Chnl field displays the closest corresponding Control Channel number as determined by the Band Plan Table, which may result in a negative channel number if the specified frequency is less than the Band Plan Table’s Base Frequency.
Page 140: Figure 3.2.8.5-3 P25 Trunk Submenu After Starting Ber Test After Registration
Figure 3.2.8.5-3 P25 Trunk submenu after starting BER test after registration Modulation Mode (P25 Trunk BER submenu) A horizontal submenu provides choice of Off or Continuous mode for the selected Test Pattern modulation. Test Pattern (P25 Trunk BER submenu) Provides selection for one of 4 TIA/EIA-102.CAAA compliant predefined test patterns (as shown in Figure 3.2.8.4.1-4) for BER testing of a P25 radio in transmit or receive mode.
Page 141 Silence – The framed test pattern for silence at the vocoder. BER Test Pattern (P25 Trunk BER submenu) Pressing Stop ends test pattern transmission and error rate computation then restores the default P25 Trunk screen and submenu. Select Display (Display Zone submenu) See 2.2.4 Display Zone for standard selections and below for custom selections.
Page 142: Figure 3.2.8.6-1 Main Screen In Monitor Mode After Selecting Nxdn™ Test Mode
2.2.7.5 NXDN™ Test Mode (conventional) The R8100 NXDN™ Test Package option / NXDN™ Test Mode allows testing of radios compliant with the NXDN™ radio transmission protocol. NXDN™ radios use a digital transmission format employing 4-Level Frequency Shift Keying (4FSK) modulation in an RF spectrum managed by Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.
Page 143 2.2.7.5.1 NXDN™ transmitter tests The entire suite of NXDN™ transmitter tests are available in R8100 Monitor mode after the NXDN™ soft key is pressed – see Figure 3.2.8.6.1-1. During radio transmission the R8100 continuously measures the quality of the transmitted 4FSK signal. Numerical results are displayed as Symbol Deviation and Modulation Fidelity in the NXDN™...
Page 144 Table 2.2.7.5.1.2-1. NXDN™ Symbols Modulation Fidelity (NXDN™ Zone display) Modulation Fidelity (FSK error) represents how accurate a transmitter reproduces an ideal theoretical modulation waveform. The measurement is performed by first removing frequency error and symbol deviation gain error from the received signal then computing the RMS difference between the deviation of the resulting signal at each symbol decision point and the ideal deviations of those symbols;...
Page 145: Figure 3.2.8.6.1-1 Nxdn™ Monitor Mode
NXDN™ Monitor mode Figure 3.2.8.6.1-1 Bit Rate (NXDN™ submenu) Selects the bit rate used by the NXDN™ radio, either 4800 bps (6.25 kHz channel) or 9600 bps (12.5 kHz channel). Test Pattern (NXDN™ submenu) Provides selection of bit patterns for testing the radio in transmit mode while under RSS control. The following patterns are available: 1031 Hz Tone –...
Page 146: Figure 3.2.8.6.1-2 Nxdn™ Voice Recording
R8100 is power cycled, or if the Generate mode is selected and a new test pattern is enabled by setting the modulation mode too Continuous or Burst. NXDN™ Voice Recording Figure 3.2.8.6.1-2 Play Last Recording (Voice Loopback submenu) This selection appears only after a recording has been made. Pressing the soft key places the R8100 in Generate mode and modulates the carrier with the most recently recorded voice channel data after the Voice Loopback function is enabled.
Page 147: Figure 3.2.8.6.1-3 Nxdn™ Eye Diagram In Display Zone
2.2.7.5.1.3 Display Zone Select Display (Display Zone submenu) See 2.2.4 Display Zone for standard selections and below for custom selections. Eye Diagram (Display Zone selection) The Eye Diagram provides a visual display of the received NXDN™ signal and overlays the modulation response during two symbol periods over the four “target”...
Page 148: Figure 3.2.8.6.1-4 Nxdn™ Eye Diagram With Display In Fade Away Mode
NXDN™ Eye Diagram with display in Fade Away mode Figure 3.2.8.6.1-4 2.2.7.5.1.4 Meter Zone See 2.2.5 Meter Zone for standard selections. 2.2.7.5.2 NXDN™ receiver tests These tests are performed with the R8100 in Generate mode – see Figure 3.2.8.6.2-1. The R8100 generates NXDN™...
Page 149: Figure 3.2.8.6.2-1 Nxdn™ Generate Mode
NXDN™ Generate mode Figure 3.2.8.6.2-1 Bit Rate (NXDN™ submenu) Selects the bit rate used by the NXDN™ radio, either 4800 bps (6.25 kHz channel) or 9600 bps (12.5 kHz channel). RAN (NXDN™ submenu) Radio Access Number is a 6-bit field in the NXDN protocol RTCH/RDCH frame. In a conventional system, it is digital ID information equivalent to CTCSS/PL and CDCSS/DPL of analog FM radio systems.
Page 150 Note: A transmitter that sends zero will be heard only by radios with the radio access scheme disabled. Test Pattern (NXDN™ submenu) Provides selection of bit patterns for testing the radio in receive mode. Some may require the radio to be under RSS control.
Page 151 2.2.7.6 NXDN™ Test Mode (trunking) 2.2.7.6.1 NXDN™ transmitter tests The optional R8100 NXDN™ Type C Trunk Test Mode allows testing of trunked NXDN™) compliant radios. NXDN™ radios use a digital transmission format employing Continuous 4 level FM (C4FM) modulation. The R8100 NXDN™ Type C Trunk mode simulates the functions of a NXDN™ central controller with the control and voice channel protocols needed for various tests.
Page 152: Figure 3.2.8.6.3-1 Main Screen After Selecting Nxdn Trunk Test Mode
Figure 3.2.8.6.3-1 Main screen after selecting NXDN Trunk Test Mode When the NXDN™ Type C Trunk Test Mode is selected the R8100 is automatically placed in Duplex mode and begins transmitting idle messages on the control channel with no encryption. Pressing the NXDN™...
Page 153: Figure 3.2.8.6.3-2 Main Screen After Pressing Nxdn™ Trunk Soft Key
Main screen after pressing NXDN™ Trunk soft key Figure 3.2.8.6.3-2 Voice Call Select Start and Stop for the Voice Call test. The R8100 sends out a control channel message causing the subscriber radio to transition to a voice channel. The analyzer transmits a 1031 Hz tone that should be heard on the radio to confirm this transition.
Page 154: Figure 3.2.8.6.3-3 Nxdn™ Trunk Submenu After Starting Ber Test
NXDN™ Trunk submenu after starting BER test Figure 3.2.8.6.3-3 Modulation Mode (NXDN™ Trunk BER submenu) A horizontal submenu provides choice of Off or Continuous mode for the selected Test Pattern modulation. Test Pattern (NXDN™ Trunk BER submenu) Provides selection of an NXDN™ compliant predefined test pattern for BER testing of an NXDN™ radio in transmit or receive mode.
Page 155 Calibration (O.153 2%) – The test pattern derived from the 511 (O.153) pattern to yield a 2.005871% BER used to verify BER measurements are operating correctly. 511 (O.153) – The unframed test pattern of continuously repeating 511-bit pseudo random number sequences generated with a 9 bit shift register (PN9) based on ITU-T O.153 (formerly CCITT V.52) used to perform BER testing for checking the modulation, encoding, and timing of the transmit signal (NXDN™...
Page 156 Transmit Offset Set the frequency offset from the radio receive frequency to the radio transmit frequency in MHz using the ▲▼ (Up/Down), and ◄► (Left/Right) keys, numeric keypad, and spin knob. Conversely, the setting defines the offset from the base station transmit frequency to the base station receive frequency. Radio TX frequency = Radio RX frequency + Transmit Offset Base Station TX frequency = Base Station RX frequency - Transmit Offset System Code...
Page 157: Figure 3.2.8.6.1.4-1 Nxdn Eye Diagram In Display Zone
Eye Diagram (Display Zone selection) The Eye Diagram provides a visual display of the received NXDN™ signal and overlays the modulation response during two symbol periods over the four “target” crossing points for an ideal NXDN™ signal – see Figure 2.2.7.5.1.4-1. View the Eye Diagram with the other NXDN™ measurements on the main screen by selecting it in the Display Zone.
Page 158: Figure 3.2.8.8-1. Main Screen In Monitor Mode After Selecting Tetra Test Mode
2.2.7.7 TETRA Test Mode The R8100 TETRA Test Package option / TETRA Test Mode allows testing of radios compliant with the ETSI Terrestrial Trunked Radio Direct Mode Operation (DMO) radio transmission protocol per (TETRA) ETSI specification EN 300 396. TETRA radios use a digital transmission format employing π/4 DQPSK modulation at 18000 4-bit symbols per second with a channel access method of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology with four slots per frame.
Page 159: Figure 3.2.8.8-2. Submenu After Pressing Tetra Soft Key In Monitor Mode
2.2.7.7.1 TETRA transmitter tests These tests are performed with the R8100 in Monitor mode. During radio transmission the R8100 continuously measures the quality of the radio’s transmitted π/4 DQPSK signal. The service monitor synchronizes to the DMO TDMA Normal burst (235 symbols, 470 bits) in slot 1; Trunked Mode Operation (TMO), Synchronization, and Linearization bursts are not measured.
Page 160 Note: When the RF input power on the RF In/Out port is above +20 dBm (100 mW), the R8100 utilizes a broadband power detector for the measurement. The “Input Lvl” field in the RF Zone changes to “Watt Meter” to indicate this measurement mode. For best accuracy disable the Pre-amplifier in Monitor Mode, and set the Gen Port in Generate Mode to RF In/Out.
Page 161: Figure 3.2.8.8-3. Error Vector Diagram
Figure 2.2.7.7-3. Error Vector Diagram EVM (Peak) The Peak error vector magnitude for a burst is the maximum error distance found over the burst. Unwanted Power Unwanted Power is meant to measure the average power in non-active regions of non-active timeslots. The expected bursts to be transmitted are in every slot 1 and sometimes slot 3.
Page 162: Figure 3.2.8.8-4. Power Profile Slot
Display Zone Figure 2.2.7.7-4. Power Profile Slot Power Profile The power profile display provides a power versus time plot of the transmitter. The display is useful in assuring that near-far situations will not result in co-channel inter-slot interference on adjacent non- transmission slots and that the power level will be adequate for acceptable BER performance.
Page 163 Select Display (Display Zone submenu) See 2.2.4 Display Zone for standard selections. Select View Select the slot(s) to view. Although slots are approximately 14.167 milliseconds (i.e. 1.02 seconds per multiframe of 18), the profile for a slot is 14.778 ms, divided into three regions for ramp-up (0.889 ms), burst (13.056 ms), and ramp-down (0.833 ms).
Page 164: Figure 3.2.8.8-5. Power Profile Frame With Markers
Figure 2.2.7.7-5. Power Profile Frame with Markers...
Page 165: Figure 3.2.8.8-6. Mod Spec / Constellation (Symbols)
Figure 2.2.7.7-6. Mod Spec / Constellation (Symbols) Mod Spec / Constellation Modulation Spectrum display Displays the power versus frequency (power spectral density) of the modulated symbols in the detected burst. Power is shown in dB relative to Input Level (0 dB); frequency is shown in kHz relative to Center Frequency (0 Hz).
Page 166: Figure 3.2.8.8-7. Ideal Constellation
Figure 2.2.7.7-7. Ideal Constellation Constellation Display Mode Selects the display presentation with the following horizontal menu choices: Symbols – Only the samples at the optimal symbol decision times are display, as white dots. Correct transmitter operation should group them tightly around the eight ideal phase points. See Figure 2.2.7.7-6. Samples –...
Page 167: Figure 3.2.8.8-9. Submenu After Pressing Tetra Soft Key In Generate Mode
patterns and can be adjusted over a wide range of RF levels to determine the sensitivity and data transmission integrity of the TETRA radio. TETRA submenu selections are as follows: Figure 2.2.7.7-9. Submenu after pressing TETRA soft key in Generate mode 2.2.7.7.2.1 RF Zone Output Level...
Page 168 Test Pattern Specifies the TETRA compliant test pattern generated by the R8100 to assess audio performance. Audio patterns utilize digital vocoder type ACELP at a 7.2 kHz talk channel rate. For sensitivity tests the R8100 can transmit the multiframe test pattern over its entire output power level range. This provides an estimate of the reference sensitivity for the radio.
Page 169 2.2.7.8 DPMR Test Mode The R8100 dPMR Test Package option / dPMR Test Mode allows testing of radios compliant with the dPMR radio transmission protocol. dPMR radios use a digital transmission format employing 4-Level Frequency Shift Keying (4FSK) modulation in an RF spectrum managed by Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.
Page 170 2.2.7.8.1 DPMR transmitter tests The entire suite of dPMR transmitter tests are available in R8100 Monitor mode after the dPMR soft key is pressed – see Figure 2.2.7.8-2. During radio transmission the R8100 continuously measures the quality of the transmitted 4FSK signal. Numerical results are displayed as Symbol Deviation and Modulation Fidelity in the dPMR zone.
Page 171: Figure 3.2.8.9-2 Dpmr Monitor Mode
of the resulting signal at each symbol decision point and the ideal deviations of those symbols; there should be no bit errors. On the R8100 this is reported as an RMS error in % relative to the mean deviation across symbols. BER (DPMR Zone display) Test.
Page 172 511 (O.153) – The unframed test pattern of continuously repeating 511-bit pseudo random number sequences generated with a 9 bit shift register (PN9) based on ITU-T O.153 (formerly CCITT V.52) used to perform BER testing for checking the modulation, encoding, and timing of the transmit signal (dPMR CAI compliant).
Page 173: Figure 3.2.8.9-3 Dpmr Voice Recording
modulation mode Continuous Burst. Figure 2.2.7.8-3 dPMR Voice Recording Play Last Recording (Voice Loopback submenu) This selection appears only after a recording has been made. Pressing the soft key places the R8100 in Generate mode and modulates the carrier with the most recently recorded voice channel data after the Voice Loopback function is enabled.
Page 174: Figure 3.2.8.9-4 Dpmr Eye Diagram In Display Zone
2.2.7.8.1.3 Display Zone Select Display (Display Zone submenu) See 2.2.4 Display Zone for standard selections and below for custom selections. Eye Diagram (Display Zone selection) The Eye Diagram provides a visual display of the received dPMR signal and overlays the modulation response during two symbol periods over the four “target”...
Page 175: Figure 3.2.8.9-5 Dpmr Eye Diagram With Display In Fade Away Mode
Figure 2.2.7.8-5 dPMR Eye Diagram with display in Fade Away mode 2.2.7.8.1.4 Meter Zone Select Meter See 2.2.5 Meter Zone for standard selections and below for custom selections. DPMR receiver tests These tests are performed with the R8100 in Generate mode – see Figure 2.2.7.8-6. The R8100 generates dPMR CAI compliant test patterns and can be adjusted over a wide range of RF levels to determine the sensitivity and data transmission integrity of the dPMR radio.
Page 176: Figure 3.2.8.9-6 Dpmr Generate Mode
Figure 2.2.7.8-6 dPMR Generate mode Generate Test Pattern (DPMR submenu) Provides selection of bit patterns for testing the radio in receive mode. Some may require the radio to be under RSS control. The following patterns are available: 1031 Hz Tone – The framed test pattern of the 1031 Hz half-rate vocoder tone (dPMR CAI compliant). Calibration (O.153 2%) –...
Page 177 1/3 Freq Deviation – The test pattern of a continuously repeating stream of low deviation symbols (+1, +1, -1, -1, …) for a 1/3 maximum frequency deviation. Modulation Mode (DPMR submenu) A horizontal submenu provides choice of Off, Continuous, or Burst mode for the selected Test Pattern modulation.
Page 178 2.2.7.9 P25 II Test Mode The optional R8100 P25 II Test Mode allows testing of APCO Project 25 phase 2 compliant mobile stations (radios) and base stations (repeaters) in simplex test mode. P25 phase 2 stations use a two-slot TDMA digital transmission format and modulation schemes compliant with the TIA-102.BBAB specification.
Page 179: Figure 3.2.8.10.1-1 Main Screen In Monitor Mode After Selecting The P25 Ii Test Mode
2.2.7.9.1 P25 phase 2 transmitter tests Figure 2.2.7.9.1-1 Main screen in Monitor mode after selecting the P25 II Test Mode Transmitter tests are performed with the R8100 in Monitor mode and protocol specific tests are accessed with the P25 II soft key – see Figure 2.2.7.9.1-1. The R8100 searches for the synchronization pattern and then continuously measures the quality of the radio’s transmitted signal as long as the R8100 is synchronized to it.
Page 180: Figure 3.2.8.10.1-2 Main Screen In Monitor Mode After Pressing The P25 Ii Soft Key
Figure 2.2.7.9.1-2 Main screen in Monitor mode after pressing the P25 II soft key 2.2.7.9.1.1 RF Zone Input Level (RF Zone display) Input Lvl displays the average power in the logical channel under test. Note: When the RF input power on the RF In/Out port is above +20 dBm (100 mW), the R8100 utilizes a broadband power detector for the measurement.
Page 181: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.2-1 Test Pattern Submenu In P25 Ii Monitor Mode
Deviation (RF Zone display) Displays the positive peak frequency deviation of the received modulated carrier (i.e. from the Frequency Error mean). See negative peak frequency deviation with Display Zone Bar Graphs. 2.2.7.9.1.2 P25 II Zone Test Pattern (P25 II submenu) Provides selection for one of 3 TIA-102.CCAA compliant predefined test patterns for BER testing of a P25 radio in monitor mode as shown in Figure 2.2.7.3.1.2-1.
Page 182 Bits Symbol Deviation ΔPhase +2250 Hz +135° +750 Hz +45° -750 Hz -45° -2250 Hz -135° Table 2.2.7.9.1.2-1. HDQPSK Symbols BER Test (P25 II submenu) Start or Stop Bit Error Rate (BER) testing. When performing the BER test the radio transmitter under test must be placed in a test diagnostic mode using the manufacturer’s Radio Service Software (RSS).
Page 183: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.3-1 Hdqpsk Eye Diagram Selection In Display Zone
Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-1 HDQPSK Eye Diagram selection in Display Zone Display Mode (Eye Diagram submenu) Selects the display presentation with the following horizontal menu choices: Normal – The display updates continuously. Fade Away – Similar to the persistence mode on an oscilloscope – see Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-2. The intensity of each trace fades away or decays as new traces are received.
Page 184: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.3-2 Eye Diagram Of Hcpm And Display Mode Fade Away
Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-2 Eye Diagram of HCPM and Display Mode Fade Away Distribution Plot (Display Zone selection) This selection displays a graph showing the distribution of symbol deviations of the received signal grouped into frequency bins, i.e. the frequency offset versus the rate of occurrence of that frequency (~10 Hz for HDQPSK;...
Page 185: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.3-3 Distribution Plot Of Hdqpsk 1031 Hz Tone
Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-3 Distribution Plot of HDQPSK 1031 Hz Tone Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-4 Distribution Plot of HCPM 1031 Hz Tone Power Profile (Display Zone selection) The power profile display provides a power versus time plot for an HCPM transmitter (null slots are not transmitted for HDQPSK).
Page 186: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.3-5 Power Profile Frame
including the additional ramp up/down time. Display functions and markers are available for advanced analysis. Overlays of slot centers and burst time regions are shown. See Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-5. Note: See the transmitter power envelope standard: TIA-102.CCAA 2.2.17.3 TDMA Method of Measurement Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-5 Power Profile Frame...
Page 187 Select Frame (Power Profile submenu) Select which frame of a superframe to view. See the asymmetrical superframe structure in Table 2.2.7.8.1.4-1. P25 Phase 2 Logical Channels (Inbound). Vertical Maximum (Power Profile submenu) Adjusts the maximum level for the vertical scale of the display (top line) from -120 dBm to +60 dBm in 1 dB increments.
Page 188: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.3-6 Power Profile Slot With Markers
Figure 2.2.7.9.1.3-6 Power Profile Slot with Markers 2.2.7.9.1.4 Meter Zone See 2.2.5 Meter Zone for standard selections. Constellation (Display Zone selection) The Constellation display provides a visual representation of overall transmitter operation. This selection displays a graph showing the distribution of symbol deviations of the received signal. Each plot consists of one slot of the most current data available.
Page 189: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.4-2 Hcpm Frequency Constellation
Figure 2.2.7.9.1.4-2 HCPM Frequency Constellation Frequency Counter (Standard Test Mode Meter Zone selection) The Frequency Counter can be used to measure the transmitter symbol rate accuracy error, the difference of the actual minus the ideal. Thus a positive error indicates that the transmitter clock is too fast. P25 phase 2 standard TIA-102.CCAB-A 3.2.14 Symbol Rate Accuracy states that the symbol rate error shall not exceed 10 PPM which is +/- 60 mHz given the ideal symbol rate of 6000 baud.
Page 190: Figure 3.2.8.10.1.4-3 P25 Phase 2 Symbol Rate Measurement
Figure 2.2.7.9.1.4-3 P25 Phase 2 Symbol Rate Measurement 2.2.7.9.2 P25 phase 2 receiver tests P25 phase 2 receiver tests are performed with the R8100 in Generate mode and protocol specific tests are accessed with the P25 II soft key - see Figure 2.2.7.9.2-1. The R8100 can generate various P25 compliant test patterns using HDQPSK and HCPM –...
Page 191: Figure 3.2.8.10.2-1 Main Screen In Generate Mode After Selecting The P25 Ii Soft Key
Figure 2.2.7.9.2-1 Main screen in Generate mode after selecting the P25 II soft key Test Pattern (P25 II submenu) Provides selection for one of 6 TIA-102.CCAA compliant predefined bit patterns for BER testing of a P25 phase 2 radio in receive mode. The following patterns are available: Figure 2.2.7.9.2-2 P25 II Generate mode test patterns 1031 Hz Tone –...
Page 192 High Deviation – An unframed maximum frequency deviation test pattern of a continuously repeating stream of high deviation symbols (+3, +3, -3, -3, …). Low Deviation – An unframed test pattern of a continuously repeating stream of low deviation symbols (+1, +1, -1, -1, …) for a 1/3 maximum frequency deviation.
Page 193 2.2.7.10 AutoTune Test Mode AutoTune is an optional automated test and alignment software application for manufacturer specific radios embedded in the R8100. This eliminates the need for an external computer, simplifying setup and equipment costs for this function. A connection between an R8100 USB port and the radio under test controls the radio.
Page 194: Figure 3.2.8.11-1. Autotune Submenu
Figure 2.2.7.10-1. AutoTune submenu AutoTune submenu selections are as follows: Operator ID Enter the test operator’s name/number in an alphanumeric entry window using the ◄► (Left/Right) keys, numeric keypad, ▲▼ (Up/Down) keys, and spin knob. Use Log Out Operator when testing is done. Note: By default an Operator ID is required to begin testing (Start soft key appears after entry is made).
Page 195: Figure 3.2.8.11-2. Autotune Radio Test Setup
Figure 2.2.7.10-2. AutoTune radio test setup Activity Choose the AutoTune test activity either “Test Only” or “Test and Align” in a list entry window using the ▲▼ (Up/Down) keys, and spin knob. “Test Only” measures and compares the radio’s performance against the manufacturer’s test limits without alignment, then indicates Pass/Fail in the “Results”...
Page 196: Figure 3.2.8.11-3 Autotune Activity Display
Figure 2.2.7.10-3 AutoTune Activity display. Start Press to begin the Test or Test and Align activities. The AutoTune application sequences each activity and displays an Overall Progress bar and “IN TEST”, “PASS”, “FAIL” or “ABORT” in the “Results” column – see Figure 2.2.7.10-4. Upon completion of all selected activities a Test Result Report is displayed along with a new submenu as shown in Figure 2.2.7.10-6.
Page 197: Figure 3.2.8.11-4. Autotune Test In Progress
Figure 2.2.7.10-4. AutoTune test in progress Abort Stops the current test activity in process. A Test Report displays all test results completed prior to the Abort command. Select All Selects all test types listed in the “Test” column. AutoTune executes each in sequence once the “Start’ soft key is pressed and displays a test report once they are all completed.
Page 198 Tools Provides a selection of horizontal soft keys used to adjust test limits, access test reports, and set program operational preferences as follows: Test Limits – Displays a screen and submenu for pass/fail limits of the selected radio make used to edit test limits for the manufacturer specific radio under test –...
Page 199: Figure 3.2.8.11-5. Autotune Test Limits Submenu
Figure 2.2.7.10-5. AutoTune Test Limits submenu Load Default Test Limit Values (Test Limits submenu) Resets all test limits for the currently selected radio model to their factory default values. Edit Test Limit (Test Limits submenu) Activate a data entry window to adjust the numeric test limit value using the ◄► (Left/Right) keys, numeric keypad, ▲▼...
Page 200: Figure 3.2.8.11-6. Autotune Test Results Submenu
Return (Test Limits submenu) Returns to the Main AutoTune menu. Figure 2.2.7.10-6. AutoTune Test Results submenu Select Test Log to Open (Test Reports submenu) Opens a previously saved Test Log that contains the test reports from a previous test session. Select Test Report to Open (Test Reports submenu) Opens an individual Test Report from within the current Test Log or a previously loaded one.
Page 201: Figure 3.2.8.11-7. Autotune Test Preferences Submenu
Export All Test Report (Test Reports submenu) Copies all Test Reports from within the current Test Log to a USB drive. Export Test Log (Test Reports submenu) Copies a previously saved Test Log that contains the test reports to a USB drive. Export All Test Logs (Test Reports submenu) Copies all previously saved Test Logs that contains the test reports to a USB drive.
Page 202 Require Operator ID (Test Preferences submenu) AutoTune requires the Operator ID to be set before testing can be initiated because it is logged in the test data and reported in the formatted test report. If the field is blank, the operator is not recorded. Setting this preference to No will allow testing to be started without an Operator ID.
Page 203 Default: No RF In/Out (Test Preferences submenu) Specifies the gain or loss between the RF In/Out port and the unit under test. In the case of a loss, such as a cable or attenuator, enter a negative value. The affected field values will be increased to compensate.
Page 204: Figure 3.2.8.12-1. Autoscript Submenu With No Scripts Or Procedures Imported
Figure 2.2.7.11-1. AutoScript submenu with no scripts or procedures imported AutoScript submenu selections are as follows: Step Delay Controls the delay between each script step, or line in the script, during script execution. Default: 0 seconds Script Delay Controls the delay between each script selected for execution. Default: 0 seconds Record Results Controls whether to send execution results to a file.
Page 205: Figure 3.2.8.12-2. View, Results Submenu With Results From A Procedure Execution Displayed
Note: Visible only when a USB drive containing scripts in the correct subfolder (<USB_Drive>:\FREEDOM\AutoScript) is inserted into the unit. Import Procedures Import procedures from a USB drive to the unit’s hard drive. When selected, provides list of procedures...
Page 206: Figure 3.2.8.12-3. Use Toggle Selection To Enable Or Disable Script Execution
Note: Visible only when USB drive containing procedures in correct subfolder (<USB_Drive>:\FREEDOM\AutoScript) is inserted into the unit. After one or more scripts and/or procedures are imported, additional soft keys appear to manipulate and execute them. Toggle Selection Enables or disables script selected by the selection marker (blue triangle) for AutoScript execution or procedure creation.
Page 207 Note: Visible only when at least one script is enabled with Toggle Selection. Move Up Shifts script at selection marker up one row in script list. Any script in row above selected script is shifted down into selected script’s old row. Move Down Shifts script at selection marker down one row in script list.
Page 208: Figure 3.2.8.12-4. Use Toggle Selection To Enable Or Disable Script Execution
Figure 2.2.7.11-4. Use Toggle Selection to enable or disable script execution Save as Procedure Creates a new named procedure from enabled scripts in the script list. Once created, the procedure is available for selection using the Load Procedure soft key. Note: Visible only when a script exists on the unit’s hard drive.
Page 209: Figure 3.2.8.12-5. Example Script Showing Commands For Finding A Local Fm Radio Station
Export Procedure Export one or more procedures from the unit’s hard drive to a USB drive. When selected, a list of procedures available for export is provided. Note: Visible only when a USB drive is inserted into the unit and there is at least one procedure available for export.
Page 210: Figure 3.2.8.12-6. Example Procedure Containing Several Scripts
Figure 2.2.7.11-6. Example procedure containing several scripts The following steps may generally be followed to import, execute, and return the results of AutoScript scripts. 1. Copy valid scripts to an available USB drive. 2. Insert USB drive into the R8100. 3.
Page 211: Settings Menu
2.2.7.11.2 Keywords In addition to M&C commands, the following keywords are available for scripting and automated execution of procedures. 1. DELAY - wait for a specified number of seconds. Whereas a line delay can be set from the graphical user interface, doing so affects all lines which could make the script laboriously slow if a large delay is needed after just one.
Page 212 2.2.8.1 Calibration The R8100 has a calibration function to assure accurate and consistent performance over time and in a variety of environmental settings. The options presented by the Calibration soft key are as follows: Calibrate Now This initiates a self alignment process for the R8100 to compensate for component aging or adjust operation to a significant change in external environmental temperature.
Page 213: Figure 3.2.9.2-1 Submenu After Pressing System Settings Soft Key In The Settings Menu
Figure 3.2.9.2-1 Submenu after pressing System Settings soft key in the Settings menu Input Decoding Selects the signal source used for the R8100 frequency counter and decode functions. When set to Internal the recovered audio or tones from a demodulated received signal are used as the signal source. External setting directs an externally applied signal at the Meter In port to the R8100 frequency counter and decode circuits.
Page 214 external equipment. “Input” allows an external time base signal applied to the 10 MHz Ref In/Out connector to be routed into the R8100. Analog Measurement Averaging Enables measurement averaging to smooth selective analog readings. Analog Measurement Averaging affects the following: RF Zone –...
Page 215: Figure 3.2.9.2-2 Pre-Amplifier Alert When Broadband Measurements Are Active
Figure 3.2.9.2-2 Pre-Amplifier alert when broadband measurements are active Pre/De-emphasis Enables or disables (default) emphasis network for internally coupled audio signals. When enabled, the R8100 applies both pre-emphasis to audio signals before they modulate the RF carrier and applies de- emphasis to audio signals demodulated from the RF carrier.
Page 216 Internal Audio Weighting Allows selection of various filters to apply to internal demodulated audio signals. Settings include: None – No filtering is applied to signal. C-Msg – Applies a C-Message weighting filter to signal. CCITT – Applies a ITU-T O.41 weighting filter to signal RF Level Offset When enabled, the R8100 applies the RF offsets in the RF In/Out, RF Gen Out, and Antenna fields below it to various TX signals and RX measurements.
Page 217 RF Gen Out Specifies the gains or losses between the RF Gen Out port and the unit under test. In the case of a loss, such as a cable or attenuator, enter a negative value. The affected field values will be increased to compensate.
Page 218: Figure 3.2.9.3-1 Submenu After Pressing Network Setup Soft Key In The Settings Menu
network requires an IP address for the R8100. The analyzer uses a dynamic IP assigned using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). Figure 3.2.9.3-1 shows the Network Settings setup submenu. Figure 3.2.9.3-1 Submenu after pressing Network Setup soft key in the Settings menu Network Connection Enables or disables the network connection for remotely operating the R8100.
Page 219 Figure 3.2.9.4-1 can be viewed using the Messages soft key. In the event of a fault in the R8100 these messages can provide diagnostic information to Freedom Communication Technologies support personnel. Message numbers in the five-thousands appear grey on the message bar; those in the six-...
Page 220: Figure 3.2.9.4-1 Submenu After Pressing Messages Soft Key In The Settings Menu
The About soft key loads a submenu that displays the current version of operational software on the R8100. This information is important when interacting with Freedom Communication Technologies personnel to resolve technical issues or determine if a firmware upgrade is required. Figure 3.2.9.5-1 shows the submenu, model, serial number, and current system firmware version after pressing the About soft key in the Settings menu.
Page 221: Figure 3.2.9.5-1 Submenu After Pressing About Soft Key In The Settings Menu
Figure 3.2.9.5-1 Submenu after pressing About soft key in the Settings menu Protocols Pressing this soft key displays the communication protocols and versions installed as options on the R8100 (Figure 3.2.9.5-2). Figure 3.2.9.5-2 Settings/About/Protocols screen Versions Pressing this soft key displays the version of firmware components used in the core operation of the R8100 (Figure 3.2.9.5-3).
Page 222: Figure 3.2.9.5-3 Settings/About/Versions Screen
The R8100 firmware can be upgraded in the field using a USB Flash Drive. Caution: firmware changes can significantly affect analyzer operation and should be performed carefully. An improperly executed firmware upgrade can render the analyzer inoperable. It is recommended that Freedom Communication Technologies support personnel be consulted and involved in firmware upgrades of the R8100.
Page 223: Figure 3.2.9.5.1-1 Alert Screen As R8100 Finds A Valid Update On A Usb Flash Drive
Figure 3.2.9.5.1-1 Alert screen as R8100 finds a valid update on a USB flash drive Pressing the Search for Updates soft key initiates a search for firmware updates on a USB Flash Drive attached to the any of the analyzer’s USB ports. Note: In order for the R8100 to recognize an attached Flash Drive it is important to have any security features such as password protection or encryption disabled.
Page 224: Figure 3.2.9.6-1 Submenu After Pressing Options Soft Key In The Settings Menu
Figure 3.2.9.6-1 Submenu after pressing Options soft key in the Settings menu...
Page 225: Screen Capture
2.2.9 Screen Capture The R8100 can save display screen content in *.jpg (JPEG) file format to an attached USB flash memory drive. Screen captures are performed using a front panel key sequence. The R8100 can save the entire display screen or the content of individual Operating Zones. Each screen capture is initiated by first pressing the “Shift”...
Page 226: Remote Operation
REMOTE OPERATION This section describes the Remote Front Panel option (R8-Remote). For the command and response interface see the R8100 Monitor & Control Programmer’s Guide (CG-1110). Operation of the R8100 from another location is possible from a web browser via a TCP/IP network. Requirements for setup follow: 1.
Page 227: Dhcp Server Setup
1. Turn off the R8100 power. 2. Connect a USB Keyboard to an R8100 USB port. 3. Hold down the keyboard’s Delete key. 4. Turn on the R8100 power and continue to hold down the Delete key until prompted for a password. CAUTION Do NOT turn off the R8100 power while it is booting.
Page 228: Network Port Setup
private class B network addresses (169.254.0.1 through 169.254.255.254), with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0; it does not assign a default gateway. See http://technet.microsoft.com/en- us/library/bb457118.aspx. Network Port Setup The following procedure documents the configuration of the R8100 Communications System Analyzer network port. 1.
Page 229: Computer Setup
Note: If a DHCP server does not respond, the R8100 may display 000.000.000.000 values for the IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway until APIPA values are displayed several more seconds later. 10. DHCP must be On; it is On by default when the Network Connection is enabled for the first time. If it is Off, turn it On and Apply Network Changes.
Page 230: Control
3.4.2 Control One client may view the R8100 display and control the interface with a computer mouse (see Figure 4-1). Controlling the unit remotely does not prevent control locally and vice versa. Java, ActiveX, and 3rd-party software are required. Minimum network bandwidth is 1.5MB/s. 3.4.2.1 Software Requirements 1.
Page 231 Panel Control page may have been loaded or refreshed too early. Wait until the R8100 has finished starting. 6. Browser: Remote panel connection refused by specified server: Make sure LabVIEW Web Server is enabled on specified server. The R8100 Remote Front Panel Control page may have been loaded or refreshed too early.
Page 232: Test Applications
This section contains information on typical test setups to perform some of the more common radio tests using the R8100 Series Communications System Analyzer. Freedom Communication Technologies takes no responsibility for application accuracy, applicability, or safety. Always refer to your own transceiver's service manual for recommended test methods and specifications.
Page 233: Transmit Power, Frequency, And Frequency Deviation Measurements
4.1.2 Transmit Power, Frequency, and Frequency Deviation Measurements Place the R8100 in Monitor mode by pressing the Monitor front panel hard key. Press the RF Zone soft key and set the Monitor Frequency to that of the radio under test and the Modulation Type to FM. For best accuracy set the Bandwidth just wide enough to cover the channel spacing allocated to the radio under test.
Page 234: Off-The-Air Measurements
4.1.4 Off-The-Air Measurements Place the R8100 in Monitor mode by pressing the Monitor front panel hard key. Press the RF Zone soft key and set the Monitor Frequency and Modulation Type to match that of the 2-way radio or transmitter under test.
Page 235: Receiver Distortion Measurement
Figure 5.2.1-1 Setup for FM Receiver testing Place the R8100 in Generator mode by pressing the Generate front panel hard key. Press the RF Zone soft key and set the Generator Frequency to match that of the radio under test and the Modulation Type to FM.
Page 236: Sinad Measurement
4.2.3 SINAD Measurement Select the SINAD meter and note the bar graph and digital indication in dB. You may need to adjust the radio’s volume until the signal level is within the meter’s range. Navigate to the RF Zone and adjust the Generator level until the reading averages 12 dB.
Page 237: Figure 5.3-1 Connections For Cable Fault Testing
Enable the radio’s PL/DPL squelch mode and fully open the squelch control (minimum setting or fully counter-clockwise on many radios). In the RF Zone gradually raise the RF output level until the receiver just breaks or opens the squelch. Refer to the radio’s service manual and determine if any adjustments or repair are needed.
Page 238 The Cable Fault Locator analyzes a cable by measuring signal reflections as the R8100 sweeps its generator over a band of frequencies. The Center Frequency defines the center of the band and is ideally the center of the cable’s operational frequency. Maximum Length This is the maximum expected length of the cable with an additional safety factor.
Page 239: Figure 5.3.1-1 Cable Fault Instrument Display
Figure 5.3.1-1 Cable Fault Instrument Display Enter the Center Frequency, Maximum Length, Cable Loss, and Velocity Factor for the cable under test. Note: For frequent tests or multiple frequencies it’s advantageous to save these parameters using the “Add Cable Type” soft key function. This allows custom parameter entry for a user defined cable not on the standard selection list.
Page 240 Connect the 50 Ohm load to the open port on the Power splitter and start a calibration sweep by pressing “Analyze” then “Calibrate”. The calibration sweep takes approximately 1 minute to complete. Note: Whenever the Center Frequency, Maximum Length, or Velocity Factor are changed the Cable Fault instrument will force a recalibration before performing an analysis sweep.
Page 241 ITCR Interoperable Train Control Radio (Positive Train Control) Positive train control (PTC) is a system of functional requirements for monitoring and controlling train movements System Highlights  Train separation or collision avoidance  Line speed enforcement  Temporary speed restrictions ...
Page 242 Freedom R8100 PTC Test Option PTC testing on the R8100/R8000 supports Physical layer testing of ITCR PTC radios used in the I- ETMS® (Interoperable Electronic Train Management System) Modulation type: Pi/4 DQPSK Symbol rates: 16 ksps (Full rate) and 8 ksps (Half rate) Measurements include: •...
Page 243 PTC Test in Monitor Mode Eye Diagram Display...
Page 244 Power Profile Display Linear and Circular Constellation Displays...
Page 245 Symbol Distribution Plot...
Page 246: Appendix A – Glossary (List Of Abbreviations And Acronyms)
4.4.1 Appendix A – Glossary (List of Abbreviations and Acronyms) Decibel (referred to 1 mW into 50 Ω) Plus or minus Ampere Direct Current Alternating Current Demod Demodulation ACELP Algebraic Code-Excited Linear DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Prediction Protocol Amplitude Modulation Division AMBE DVSI Advanced Multi-Band...
Page 247 Integrated Circuit outbound Tx out of base to mobile station ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol Personal Computer Identification Percent IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Private Line, a Motorola Engineers registered trademark Intermediate Frequency Project 25 inbound Tx from mobile into base station Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Internet Protocol Radio Access Number...
Page 248 Transmitter Ultra High Frequency Microsecond Universal Serial Bus Microvolt Volts Volts Alternating Current Volts Direct Current Video Graphics Array vocoder voice encoder / decoder VRMS Volts (root-mean-square) versus Watts ZVEI Zentral-Verband der Elektro-Industrie (a German Electronics Industry Association)
Page 249: Appendix B – Tone And Code Specifications
Appendix B – Tone and Code Specifications Table B-1 Standard DTMF Tones TONE GROUP STANDARD DTMF (Hz) HIGH 1209 HIGH 1336 HIGH 1477 HIGH 1633 Table B-2 DTMF Frequency Coding* LOW GROUP TONE HIGH GROUP TONE (Hz) (Hz) 1209 1336 1447 1633 ...
Page 250: Table B-3 Private-Line (Pl) Codes
Table B-3 Private-Line (PL) Codes CODE FREQUENCY (Hz) 67.0 69.3 71.9 74.4 77.0 79.7 82.5 85.4 88.5 91.5 94.8 97.0 100.0 103.5 107.2 110.9 114.8 118.8 123.0 127.3 131.8 136.5 141.3 146.2 151.4 156.7 162.2 167.9 173.8 179.9 186.2 192.8 203.5 206.5 210.7...
Page 251: Table B-4 5/6 Tone Paging Tones
Table B-4 5/6 Tone Paging Tones DIGIT FREQUENCY (HZ) 1023 1164 1305 1446 1587 1728 1869 2010 Table B-5 DPL Standard Codes...
Page 252: Table B-7 Pocsag Numeric Character Set
Table B-6 Select V Frequencies CHARACTER ZVEI ZVEI ZVEI CCIR CCIR EEAA FRENCH 70MS (Hz) (Hz) (Hz) (Hz) (Hz) (Hz) 2400 2200 2400 1981 1981 1981 1060 1060 1124 1124 1124 1160 1060 1160 1197 1197 1197 1270 1160 1270 1275 1275 1275...
Page 253 0100001 1000001 1100001 “ 0100010 1000010 1100010 0100011 1000011 1100011 0100100 1000100 1100100 0100101 1000101 1100101 0100110 & 1000110 1100110 ‘ 0100111 1000111 1100111 0101000 1001000 1101000 0101001 1001001 1101001 0101010 1001010 1101010 0101011 1001011 1101011 0101100 1001100 1101100 0101101 1001101 1101101 0101110...
Page 254: Appendix C – R8100 Field Calibration Procedure
Appendix C – R8100 Field Calibration Procedure The R8100 series Communication Systems Analyzer does not typically require a field calibration once it has left the factory. However, if instructed to do so by Freedom Communication Technologies technical support, a field calibration may be performed. Specific instructions for performing a field calibration will be provided by Freedom Communication Technologies technical support at the time such calibration is needed.
Page 255: Revision History
REVISION HISTORY U / Transfer from GD to FCT C. Cox 4/13/2015 D.Bulgrien 10/20/15 F0010 T-Software 1.18 Updates L. Shirey 1/8/15 M. Mullins 1/8/15 14438 S/ Software 1.17 updates L. Shirey 6/19/14 M. Mullins 6/19/14 14089 R/ dPMR Option L. Shirey 2/26/14 C.

Freedom R8100 SERIES Operator's Manual

1 Pre-Operation Overview

2 Operation

3 Remote Operation

4 Test Applications

Appendix A – Glossary (List of Abbreviations and Acronyms)

Appendix B – Tone and Code Specifications

Appendix C – R8100 Field Calibration Procedure

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Summary of Contents for Freedom R8100 SERIES