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Tektronix TBS1000 Series Basic Manual

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Oscilloscope Basics Guide
A guide to oscilloscope operation, architecture and
common measurements.

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Summary of Contents for Tektronix TBS1000 Series

  • Page 1 Oscilloscope Basics Guide A guide to oscilloscope operation, architecture and common measurements.
  • Page 2 This document may be reprinted, modified and distributed in whole or in part for the limited purpose of training users or prospective users of Tektronix oscilloscopes and instrumentation. Any reproduction must include a copy of this page containing this notice.
  • Page 3 The graticule, as shown in figure 1, is divided into divisions along both the horizontal and vertical axes. These divisions make it easier to determine key parameters about the waveform. In the case of the TBS1000 Series oscilloscope, there are 10 divisions horizontally and 8 divisions vertically.

  • Page 4: Rise Time

    Performance Terms and Considerations There are many ways to specify digital oscilloscope performance, but the most important are bandwidth, rise time, sample rate, and record length. Bandwidth Bandwidth is the first specification to consider. Bandwidth is the frequency range of the oscilloscope, usually measured in Megahertz (MHz).
  • Page 5 Initial Setup and Screen Explanation Creating a Stable Display 1. The following steps will describe how to automatically create a stable oscilloscope display using a 1 kHz, 5 V square wave. pk-pk a. Power up the oscilloscope by pushing the power button. b.

  • Page 6: Screen Explanation

    Screen Explanation 1. The following is a review of the oscilloscope display. Explanation of the oscilloscope display: a. The channel 1 vertical axis button is yellow and most of the elements on the screen that relate to the channel 1 signal are yellow in color. b.
  • Page 7 d. As can be seen on the oscilloscope screen, the square wave extends up about 2 ½ divisions on the display graticule from the ground level indicator. Since the vertical scale factor is 2 Volts/div, this indicates the signal’s positive peak is at about +5 V. e.

  • Page 8: Instrument Controls

    Instrument Controls The controls of a typical oscilloscope can be grouped into three major categories: vertical, horizontal, and trigger. These are the three main functions that are used to set up an oscilloscope. The use of these controls is described in the following sections of this lab. Here are a few hints that will make using the oscilloscope controls easier: Decide if the task is related to oscilloscope’s vertical axis (typically voltage), horizontal axis •...

  • Page 9: Vertical Controls

    Vertical Controls Introduction The vertical controls set or modify the vertical scale, position, and other signal conditioning for each of the analog input channels. There is a set of vertical controls for each input channel. These controls are used to scale, position, and modify that channel’s input signal so it can be viewed appropriately on the oscilloscope display.
  • Page 10 b. Turn the channel 1 vertical Scale knob to change the vertical scale from 2 V/div to 1 V/div. The vertical scale (Volts/division) control adjusts the height of the waveform on the display. Generally, the vertical scale control changes the settings of the input amplifier and/or attenuator and does not affect the acquired waveform data.

  • Page 11: Horizontal Controls

    Horizontal Controls Introduction The horizontal controls are used to scale and position the time axis of the oscilloscope display. There is a dedicated front-panel control for setting the horizontal scale (time/division) of the display and another for setting the horizontal position of the displayed signals. The Horiz button brings up the horizontal menu with additional options for modifying the waveform display.
  • Page 12 Since there are 10 divisions horizontally, a scale factor of 10 µsec/div yields a 100 µsec time window. This setting shows the actual shape of the rising edge of the square wave. 2. The horizontal Position control moves the waveform and its horizontal reference or trigger point (indicated by the orange icon at the top of the display) back and forth on the display.
  • Page 13 The displayed time window is (500 µs/div) x (10 divisions) = 5 ms. c. The record length of the TBS1000 Series is always 2500 points. d. The sample rate at this horizontal scale setting is 2500 points / 5 ms = 500 kS/s.

  • Page 14: Trigger Level Control

    Trigger Controls Introduction The trigger defines when a signal is acquired and stored in memory. For a repetitive signal, a trigger is required to stabilize the display. There is a front-panel control to set the trigger level and a button to force the oscilloscope to trigger. The Trigger menu offers different trigger types and allows you to set the conditions of the trigger.
  • Page 15 2. In the default trigger setting, the oscilloscope looks for a rising edge on the channel 1 input signal. The trigger level control is used to set the voltage at which the oscilloscope triggers. The waveform is displayed with the rising edge aligned with the trigger point (indicated by the white down arrow icon at the top of the display).

  • Page 16: Trigger Menu

    Trigger Menu 1. During the following steps, a trigger will be set up to create a stable display. a. Push the Trigger Set To 50% button to force the trigger voltage setting to the 50% point of the signal. The oscilloscope display should now match the figure in step 1b, before you adjusted the Trigger level control.
  • Page 17 e. Notice that the LED next to the multipurpose control is lit. In this menu, you can turn the multipurpose control to select the channel that will be the source of the trigger. Select channel 2 (and 3 and 4 in sequence if you are using a 4-channel oscilloscope) and note the effect this has on the triggered state of the display.
  • Page 18 e. Turn the multipurpose control to set Pulse Width to 500 µs and note the oscilloscope triggers on the 500 µsec pulse. Remember this signal has a period of 1 msec with a 50% duty cycle. Thus the pulse width is 500µsec. To return to the default Edge trigger mode, push the Type side-bezel button until the Edge trigger mode is selected.
  • Page 19 Oscilloscope Measurements Introduction A digital oscilloscope can make a variety of measurements on electrical signals, such as peak-to-peak and RMS amplitude measurements and frequency, period, and pulse width timing measurements. The oscilloscope provides several ways to make these measurements. This section will review the three most common measurement methods: Manual measurements •...

  • Page 20: Manual Measurements

    Manual Measurements The following exercise will explore making manual waveform measurements. Reset the oscilloscope back to a known starting point and use the front-panel controls to create the display shown below. Normally, for greatest accuracy, the waveform is adjusted vertically to fill as much of the display as possible.

  • Page 21: Cursor Measurements

    Cursor Measurements 1. For greater measurement accuracy, the oscilloscope provides cursors that will be used in the next series of steps. a. Push the front-panel Cursor button to display the cursor menu. b. The Type side-bezel button allows you to select either the Amplitude or the Time cursors. The amplitude cursors measure voltage along the vertical axis.
  • Page 22 e. Push the Type side-bezel button once to select the Time cursors. Push the Cursor 1 side-bezel button. g. Turn the multipurpose control to position the cursor at the start of one cycle of the signal (rising edge). h. Push the Cursor 2 side-bezel button. Turn the multipurpose control to position the cursor at the end of one cycle of the signal (rising edge) and then read out the time on right edge of the display.

  • Page 23: Automated Measurements

    Automated Measurements 1. The TBS1000 Series oscilloscopes offer 16 automated measurements. To make automated peak- to-peak amplitude, period and frequency measurements, the oscilloscope needs to display at least one full cycle of the waveform and have the waveform fill as much of the vertical axis as possible without the signal going off the top or the bottom of the screen.
  • Page 24 h. Push the Back side-bezel button to return to the main Measure menu. Push the third-from-the-top side-bezel button once. Push the Type side-bezel button until the Freq measurement is selected. k. Push the Back side-bezel button. The Pk-Pk, Period and Freq automated measurements should now be displayed at the side of the screen.

  • Page 25: Test Your Knowledge

    Test Your Knowledge 1. The first parameter to consider when choosing an oscilloscope is: a. Size b. Record Length c. Bandwidth d. Number of Measurements Answer: c 2. Oscilloscopes usually: a. Display amplitudes such as voltages on the vertical axis of the display. b.
  • Page 26 Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specification and price change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. All other trade names referenced are the service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

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