Yamaha CS-50 Instruction Manual page 21

SECTION
III
- DESCRIPTION OF
PROGRAMMABLE
PANEL,
MEMORY, HOW
TO PROGRAM
&
SUGGESTED PATCHES
This section
details
the function of
the synthesizer's
programmable
PANEL
[15-36],
and
how
to
program
your
own
patches, creating
sounds
literally
"from
scratch."
Also
discussed
is
the
CS-60
MEMORY
panel
[371
—a
miniaturized
version of the larger
program-
mable
panel,
used for
storing one
of
your
own
pro-
grammed
patches
for instant recall
at the
touch of a
button.
What
the Panel Controls
Do
The
PANEL
lets
you
select the
waveform, harmonic
structure,
changes
in
harmonics, and volume
changes to
program an
infinite variety of sounds.
The same
circuits
controlled
by the
PANEL
are internally controlled to
obtain the preset patches; each
TONE SELECTOR
button simply
recalls
an internatly-stored
pattern of
PANEL
settings.
Thus, with the
PANEL,
it is
possible
to
manually duplicate any of the
presets,
to vary
them
slightly, or
to
depart
drastically for totally unique
sounds.
NOTE: To
hear
what
effect the
PANEL
controls
have
as
you read
this
section, set
all
synthesizer controls
at
their
nominal
positions
(as
indicated
on
the
inside
cover photos), with
one exception:
SET
THE
BRILLIANCE
LEVER
[51
AT
minimum
brightness
(up).
Normally,
BR
I
LLIANCE
is
centered
when
pro-
gramming,
but
this
setting
is
better for
initial
demon-
strations of
filter effects.
(15-20 and
31
i
The
VCO
-
WAVEFORMS:
The
VCO, or Voltage Controlled
Oscillator section, creates the CS-80's four basic
sounds:
SQUARE WAVE, SAWTOOTH WAVE,
WHITE
NOISE, and
SINE WAVE.
Turn
ON
the square
wave
a
[18]
and play
a
note.
Turn
OFF
the square
wave
and turn on the sawtooth
wave K
[19]
.
Turn
OFF
the sawtooth, and
bring
up
the
NOISE
slider [20]
Bring
down
the
NOISE
slider,
and
bring
up
the
sine
wave ^
slider [31].
Observe
the difference
between
these sounds.
(The
sine
wave
slider,
even though
it
is
part of the
VCO
electronics,
is
located
in
the
VCA
section because pure
sine
waves
have
no
harmonics,
and would
therefore not
be
changed by
VCF
processing.)
[17]
PULSE
WIDTH -The
square
wave
[18]
had
a
particular
sound
that might be described as "hollow."
However,
you can
vary the
sound
of the square
wave
with the adjacent
PW
slider
[17]. This
slider affects
only
the
sound
of the
square wave;
it
has
no
effect
on
the
sawtooth,
sine
wave
or noise.
With the square wave
ON,
play a note
and
very
gradually push the
PW
slider
up
to 90%. This changes
the Pulse Width of the square wave, which changes the
harmonics
for a
more "nasal" sound.
Now
move
the
PW
slider
down
to
50%
again as
you
continue
playing a
note.
Try moving
the
PW
slider
back
and
forth (50%
to
90%), doing
it
faster
and
faster as
you
play
a
note,
and
observe
the phasing-like
sound.
You
can have the
synthesizer
do
the
same
thing for
you
automatically,
using the
adjacent
PWM
[16]
and
SPEED
(15) sliders.
[16]
PWM(Green)&
[15]
SPEED
(White)
- PWM
stands for Pulse
Width Modulation.
Set the
PW
slider at
75%, and
move
the
PWM
slider [16]
up
to
maximum
modulation
(?10).
Now
play a note
and you
will hear
an effect that
is
identical
to manually
moving
the
PW
•m
«
m
1/
^IIIMWHWI
Square Wave
Sawtooth
Wave
Noiw
Sine
Wave
slider
back and
forth
all
the
way. but
very slowly.
Gradually push
the
SPEED
slider
[15]
from
SLOW
toward
FAST,
and
notice
what happens;
pulse
width
modulation
occurs
faster
and
faster.
Eventually, you
will
reach
a
speed that
is
much
faster
than you
could
possibly achieve by
moving
the
PW
lever
back and
forth
with your hand. At
the point
when
the
SPEED
of
modu-
lation
approaches audio
frequencies (20 times per
second or
faster),
a secondary tone will be heard.
You
need not use
maximum
effect.
With
SPEED
at
a
SLOW
setting, try
moving
the
PWM
slider
to
its
mid
position. This effect
is
like
moving
the
PW
slider
only part
way
up.
and then back down.
You
can also
vary the basic setting
of the
PW
slider; try setting
it
at
mid
position
and
then
use different
PWM
and
SPEED
settings.
Together, the PW.
PWM
and
SPEED
sliders
are
one
of the
keys
to achieving
realistic
string sounds.
As you
have heard, the
VCO
produces
different
basic timbres
(tones),
but
it is
equally important
for
it
to produce
pitch.
Therefore,
when you
play various
notes
on
the keyboard, the
VCO
produces
different
pitches.
The
TRANSPOSITION
pushbutton
also affect
the
VCO
pitch, just as they did the
preset patches.
Moving up and
down
fully.
Illlllli I
Moving up and
down
part way.