How The Water Softener Works - North Star NSC30UD1 Installation Operation & Maintenance

£ Colloidal and inorganically bound iron is of ferric
or ferrous form that will not filter or exchange out of
water. In some instances, treatment may improve
colloidal iron water, but always CONSULT A QUALI-
FIED WATER CHEMISTRY LAB before attempting
to treat it. Colloidal iron water usually has a yellow
appearance when drawn. After standing for several
hours, the color persists and the iron does not settle,
but remains suspended in the water.
Iron in water causes stains on clothing and plumbing
fixtures. It negatively affects the taste of food, drink-
ing water, and other beverages.
ACIDITY or acid water is caused by carbon dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide, and sometimes industrial wastes.
SOFT WATER SERVICE, AND REGENERATION, see illustrations, page 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SERVICE
When the softener is providing soft water, it is called
"Service". During service, hard water flows from the
house main water pipe into the softener. Inside the
softener resin tank is a bed made up of thousands
of tiny, plastic resin beads. As hard water passes
through the bed, each bead attracts and holds the
hardness minerals. This is called ion-exchanging. It
is much like a magnet attracting and holding metals.
Water without the hardness minerals (soft water)
flows from the softener and to the house pipes.
After a period of time, the resin beads become
coated with hardness minerals and they have to be
cleaned. This cleaning is called regeneration, or re-
charge. The Ultra demand timer automatically de-
termines when regenerations occur. Regeneration
is started at 2:00 a.m. (factory setting) by the soften-
er timer, and consists of 5 stages or cycles. These
are: FILL, BRINING, BRINE RINSE, BACKWASH,
and FAST RINSE.
REGENERATION
D FILL: Salt, dissolved in water, is called brine. Brine
is needed to clean the hardness minerals from the
resin beads. To make the brine, water flows into the
AUTOMATIC HARD WATER BYPASS DURING REGENERATION
For emergency needs, hard water is available to
the home during the regeneration cycles. However,
14
WATER AND WATER CONDITIONING, continued

HOW THE WATER SOFTENER WORKS

It is corrosive to plumbing, plumbing fixtures, water
heaters, and other water using appliances. It can
also damage and cause premature failure of seals,
diaphragms, etc., in water handling equipment.
A chemical analysis is needed to measure the de-
gree of acidity in water. This is called the pH of water.
Water testing below 6.9 pH is acidic. The lower the
pH reading, the greater the acidity. A neutralizer fil-
ter or a chemical feed pump are usually recom-
mended to treat acid water.
SEDIMENT is fine, foreign material particles sus-
pended in water. This material is most often clay or
silt. Extreme amounts of sediment may give the wa-
ter a cloudy appearance. A sediment filter normally
corrects this condition.
salt storage area during the fill stage as shown on
page 15.
D BRINING: During brining, brine travels from the
salt storage area, into the resin tank. Brine is the
cleaning agent needed to remove the hardness min-
erals from the resin beads. The hardness minerals,
and brine are discharged to the drain.
The nozzle and venturi create a suction to move the
brine, maintaining a very slow rate to get the best
resin cleaning with the least salt.
D BRINE RINSE: After a pre--measured amount of
brine is used, the brine valve closes. Water contin-
ues to flow in the same path as during brining, ex-
cept for the discontinued brine flow. Hardness min-
erals and brine flush from the resin tank, to the drain.
D BACKWASH: During backwash, water travels up
through the resin tank at a fast flow rate, flushing ac-
cumulated iron, dirt, and sediments from the resin
bed and to the drain.
D FAST RINSE: Backwash is followed by a fast flow
of water down through the resin tank. The fast flow
flushes brine from the bottom of the tank, and packs
the resin bed.
After fast rinse, the softener returns to soft water
service.
you should avoid using HOT water because the wa-
ter heater will refill with the hard water.