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(1) year from the date of purchase. If the product proves defective during this one-year warranty period, call Hawking Customer Service in order to obtain a Return Authorization number. Warranty is for repair or replacement only.
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Hawking Technology reserves the right to revise or updates its products, software, or documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity.
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during wireless modes of operation. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
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R&TTE Compliance Statement This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE 1999/5/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL of March 9, 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunication terminal Equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE). The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC (Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and Satellite Earth Station Equipment) As of April 8, 2000.
Contents Chapter I: Product Information ..............1 1-1 Product Introduction ..................1 1-2 System Requirements ..................2 1-3 Package Contents ..................... 3 1-4 Familiar with your new wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point 4 Chapter II: System and Network Setup ............ 5 ...
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2-10 System Utilities.................... 71 2-10-1 Change Password ..................71 2-10-2 IP Address of the Wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point ..73 2-10-3 DHCP Server ....................76 Chapter III: Advanced Configuration ............ 78 3-1 Configuration Backup and Restore ..............78 3-2 Firmware Upgrade ..................
Chapter I: Product Information 1-1 Product Introduction Thank you for purchasing the Hawking Technologies Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point! This Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point is designed for outdoor use and designed for building an outdoor wireless network. The Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point features MIMO technology (multiple in, multiple out), and two Hi-Gain outdoor antennas for maximizing wireless range.
1-2 System Requirements Computer or network devices with wired or wireless network interface card. Web browser (Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or above, Netscape Navigator 4.7 or above, Opera web browser, or Safari web browser). An available AC power socket (100 – 240 V, 50/60Hz)
1-3 Package Contents Before you start to use this access point, please check if there’s anything missing in the package, and contact your dealer of purchase to claim for missing items:...
1-4 Product Overview Antenna Port Antenna Port Power over Ethernet Port Connect to the included PoE adapter or a PoE switch using a Cat5 Ethernet Cable Item Name Description Antenna 1 Main antenna for transmitting and receiving 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi signals. N-Type antenna connector compatible with N-Type Hi-Gain Antennas for more range.
Chapter II: System and Network Setup 2-1 Installing the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point to your Network Antenna Installation 1. Remove the covers from the antenna connectors. 2. Screw the N-Type connector to the antenna connector 2. 3. Screw the antennas to these two connectors. 4.
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1. Put the Ethernet Cable into the sealing nut (1). 2. Open the seal (3) and clip to the cable. 3. Put the body (2) to into the cable and then secure the seal (3) to the body (2). 4. Screw the body (2) and the sealing nut (1).
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5. Put the rubber washer (4) into the Ethernet connector of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. 6. Plug the cable into the Ethernet port of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
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7. Screw the body (2) to the Ethernet connector of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. Power Installation 1. Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the LAN port of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, and the other end of the Ethernet cable to the port labeled ’Power+DATA OUT’...
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Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, do NOT use any other power adapter from other sources.
2-2 Connecting to wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point by web browser After the network connection is built, the next step you should do is setup the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point with proper network parameters, so it can work properly in your network environment. Please use the web browser to configure the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
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2. Select ‘Specify an IP address’, then input the following settings in respective field: IP address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 click ‘OK’ when finish.
2-2-2 Windows 2000 IP address setup 1. Click ‘Start’ button (it should be located at lower-left corner of your computer), then click control panel. Double-click Network and Dial-up Connections icon, double click Local Area Connection, and Local Area Connection Properties window will appear. Select ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)’, then click ‘Properties’...
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2. Select ‘Use the following IP address’, then input the following settings in respective field: IP address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 click ‘OK’ when finish.
2-2-3 Windows XP IP address setup 1. Click ‘Start’ button (it should be located at lower-left corner of your computer), then click control panel. Double-click Network and Internet Connections icon, click Network Connections, and then double-click Local Area Connection, Local Area Connection Status window will appear, and then click ‘Properties’...
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2. Select ‘Use the following IP address’, then input the following settings in respective field: IP address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0...
2-2-4 Windows Vista IP address setup 1. Click ‘Start’ button (it should be located at lower-left corner of your computer), then click control panel. Click View Network Status and Tasks, then click Manage Network Connections..Right-click Local Area Netwrok, then select ‘Properties’. Local Area Connection Properties window will appear, select ‘Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP / IPv4), and then click ‘Properties’...
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click ‘OK’ when finish. Note: Your IP should be 192.168.1.2, not 192.168.2.2.
2-2-5 Connecting to Web Management Interface All functions and settings of this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point must be configured via web management interface. Please start your web browser, and input ‘192.168.1.230’ in address bar, then press ‘Enter’ key. The following message should be shown: Please input user name and password in the field respectively, default user name is ‘admin’, and default password is ‘1234’, then press ‘OK’...
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NOTE: If you can’t see the web management interface, and you’re being prompted to input user name and password again, it means you didn’t input username and password correctly. Please retype user name and password again. If you’re certain about the user name and password you type are correct, please go to ‘4-2 Troubleshooting’...
2-3 View System Status and Information After you connected to the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point by web browser, the first thing you see is ‘Status and Information’ page. All system and network related information of this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point will be displayed here. The information is very helpful when you want to know the detailed information of your Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, and when you try to fix the communication problem between this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N...
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of purchase. Runtime Code Displays current firmware version. If you want to Version perform firmware upgrade, this number will help you to determine if you need such upgrade. Mode Displays current wireless operating mode (see next Section) ESSID Displays current ESSID (the name used to identify this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point) Channel Number...
2-4 Select an Operating Mode for Wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point This Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point can be operated in different modes; you can click ‘Basic Setting’ on the left of web management interface to select an operating mode you want to meet for different needs:...
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You can click ‘Mode’ dropdown menu to select operating mode, and there are 6 operating modes available: Access Point Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point mode, allows wireless clients to connect to Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and exchange data with the devices connected to the wired network.
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Please select one wireless operating mode, for detailed descriptions of every operating mode; please refer to Section 2-4-1 to 2-4-6 listed below.
2-4-1 Access Point Mode This is the most common mode. When in Access Point mode, the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point acts as a bridge between 802.11b/g/N wireless devices and wired Ethernet network, and exchange data between them. When you select ‘Access Point’, the following options will be displayed: Here are descriptions of every setup item: Band Please select the wireless band you wish to use.
If you want to allow 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11 Draft-N clients to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, select 2.4GHz (B+G+N). Main ESSID Please input the ESSID (the name used to identify this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point) here.
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on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless access point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds. 2-4-1-1 Multiple ESSID This Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point supports four SSIDs. Except the main SSID (It can be configure from the Basic Setting page), you can configure another three additional SSIDs here.
Enable Select the box to enable the different additional ESSID. SSID Please input the SSID name (the name used to identify this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point) here. You can input up to 32 alphanumerical characters. PLEASE NOTE THAT ESSID IS CASE SENSITIVE. Broadcast SSID Decide if the wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point will broadcast its own ESSID or not.
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Here are descriptions of every setup item: Band Please select the wireless band you wish to use. By selecting different band setting, you’ll be able to allow or deny the wireless client of a certain band. If you select 2.4GHz (B), 2.4GHz (N), or 2.4GHz (G), only wireless clients using the wireless band you select (802.11b, 802.11 Draft-N, or 802.11g) will be able to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor...
Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. Click ‘Select Site Survey’ button, then a “Wireless Site Survey Table” will pop up. It will list all available Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Points near by. You can select one Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point in the table and it will join wireless LAN through this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
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Here are descriptions of every setup item: Select Click the radio button to select the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. Channel Display to channel number of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. SSID Display the SSID name of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
Mode Display the wireless modes include 11b, 11b/g or 11b/g/n or 11n only of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Points. Refresh Click this button to refresh the table. Connection Select an Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and click this button to choose the network. The SSID name of the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point you have selected will be displayed in the Main SSID in the Basic Setting page.
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Band Please select the wireless band you wish to use. By selecting different band setting, you’ll be able to allow or deny the wireless client of a certain band. If you select 2.4GHz (B), 2.4GHz (N), or 2.4GHz (G), only wireless clients using the wireless band you select (802.11b, 802.11 Draft-N, or 802.11g) will be able to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
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When you see this message, the settings you made are successfully saved, you can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless access point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds.
2-4-4 AP Bridge-Point to Multi-Point Mode In this mode, this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point will connect to up to four wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Points which use the same mode, and all wired Ethernet clients of every wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Points will be connected together.
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will be able to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. If you select 2.4GHz (B+G), then only wireless clients using 802.11b and 802.11g band will be able to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. If you want to allow 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11 Draft-N clients to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, select 2.4GHz (B+G+N).
2-4-5 AP Bridge-WDS Mode In this mode, this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point will connect to up to four wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Points which uses the same mode, and all wired Ethernet clients of every wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Points will be connected together.
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If you select 2.4GHz (B), 2.4GHz (N), or 2.4GHz (G), only wireless clients using the wireless band you select (802.11b, 802.11 Draft-N, or 802.11g) will be able to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. If you select 2.4GHz (B+G), then only wireless clients using 802.11b and 802.11g band will be able to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
Set Security Click this button to select an encryption mode for this wireless link, a new popup window will appear. Please refer to Section 2-7 for detailed descriptions. After you finish with setting, please click ‘Apply’, and the following message will be displayed: When you see this message, the settings you made are successfully saved.
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Here are descriptions of every setup item: Band Please select the wireless band you wish to use. By selecting different band setting, you’ll be able to allow or deny the wireless client of a certain band. If you select 2.4GHz (B), 2.4GHz (N), or 2.4GHz (G), only wireless clients using the wireless band you select (802.11b, 802.11 Draft-N, or 802.11g) will be able to connect to this Hi-Gain Outdoor...
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supports multiple SSID function; up to four SSIDs can be set. If you want to configure additional SSIDs, please click this button. For detailed descriptions of the function, please refer to Section 2-4-1-1. Channel Number Please select a channel number you wish to use. The channel number must be same with another wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point you wish to connect...
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When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds.
2-5 WPS Setting Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is the simplest way to build connection between wireless network clients and this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point. You don’t have to select encryption mode and input a long encryption passphrase every time when you need to setup a wireless client, you only have to press a button on wireless client and this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, and the WPS will do the setup for you.
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To use WPS function to set encrypted connection between this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and WPS-enabled wireless client by WPS, click ‘WPS Setting’ on the left of web management menu, and the following information will be displayed:...
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Here are descriptions of every setup item: Enable WPS Check this box to enable or disable WPS function Wi-Fi Protected All information related to WPS will be displayed Setup Information here, they’re helpful when you’re setting up connections by WPS. WPS Status: Displays WPS status.
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will be displayed here. Config Mode There are ‘Registrar’ and ‘Enrollee’ modes for the WPS connection. When ‘Registrar’ is enabled, the wireless clients will follow the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point’s wireless settings for WPS connection. When ‘Enrolle’ mode is enabled, the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point will follow the wireless settings of wireless client for WPS connection.
2-6 Advanced Wireless Settings This wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point has many advanced wireless features. Please note that all settings listed here are for experienced users only, if you’re not sure about the meaning and function of these settings, please don’t modify them, or the wireless performance will be reduced.
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modify default value if you don’t know what it is, default value is 2347 Beacon Interval Set the beacon interval of wireless radio. Do not modify default value if you don’t know what it is, default value is 100 DTIM Period Set the DTIM period of wireless radio.
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WMM function, the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point will define the priority of different kinds of data, to give higher priority to applications which require instant responding. Therefore you can improve the performance of such network applications. CTS Protect Enabling this setting will reduce the chance of radio signal collisions between 802.11b and 802.11g wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Points.
2-7 Wireless Security This wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point provides many types of wireless security (wireless data encryption). When you use data encryption, data transferred by radio signals in the air will become unreadable for those people who don’t know correct encryption key (encryption password).
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There are four types of security level you can select: Disable (no security - data encryption disabled), WEP, WPA Pre-shared Key, and WPA Radius. Please refer to the following sections for detailed instructions. NOTE: If you have enabled Multiple SSID function, please select the SSID network you wish to configure in advance.
2-7-1 Disable Security Select the SSID you wish to configure. When you select ‘Disable’, wireless encryption for the network is disabled. After you finish with setting, please click ‘Apply’, and the following message will be displayed: When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘go Back’...
2-7-2 WEP WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a common encryption mode, it’s safe enough for home and personal use. But if you need higher level of security, please consider using WPA encryption (see next Section). However, some wireless clients don’t support WPA, but only support WEP, so WEP is still a good choice for you if you have such kind of client in your network environment.
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characters of key will be displayed. For example, if you select ’64-bit’ as key length, and ‘Hex’ as key format, you’ll see the message at the right of ‘Key Format’ is ‘Hex (10 characters), which means the length of WEP key is 10 characters. Default Tx Key You can set up to four sets of WEP key, and you can decide which key is being used by default here.
2-7-3 WPA Pre-shared Key WPA Pre-shared key is the safest encryption method currently, and it’s recommended to use this encryption method to ensure the safety of your data. When you select ‘WPA pre-shared key’ as encryption type, the following messages will be displayed: Here are descriptions of every setup item: WPA Unicast Available options are: WPA (TKIP), WPA2 (AES),...
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When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds.
2-7-4 WPA RADIUS WPA Radius is the combination of WPA encryption method and RADIUS user authentication. If you have a RADIUS authentication server, you can check the identify of every wireless client by user database. When you select ‘WPA RADIUS’ as encryption type, the following messages will be displayed: Here are descriptions of every setup item: WPA Unicast...
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Port authentication server here. Default value is 1812. RADIUS Server Please input the password of RADIUS Password authentication server here. After you finish with setting, please click ‘Apply’, and the following message will be displayed: When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’...
2-7-5 802.1x Authentication You can enable 802.1x user identification (based on RADIUS user authentication server) by checking ‘Enable 802.1x Authentication’ box when you select ‘Disable’ or ‘WEP’ as encryption type, and the following message will be displayed: Here are descriptions of every setup item: Use internal Uses built-in RADIUS Server (refer to next MD5/PEAP...
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After you finish with setting, please click ‘Apply’, and the following message will be displayed: When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’...
2-8 Radius Server Comparing to other wireless security measures, radius server provides user-based authentication. If your wireless client supports 802.1x user authentication, you can use the ‘Radius Server’ function to use the internal mini radius server to improve security and wireless user control. The internal radius server only supports 96 users and 16 IP addresses.
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Here are descriptions of every setup item: Enable Radius Check this box to enable internal radius server Server function. User Profile You can add or delete radius user here. Please input username, password, re-type password in corresponding field, and click ‘Add’ button to add the user to radius server database.
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When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds.
2-9 MAC Filtering Another security measure you can use to keep hackers and intruders away is ‘MAC filtering’. You can pre-define a so-called ‘white-list’, which contains MAC addresses of the wireless clients you trust. All other wireless client with the MAC address which is not in your list will be denied by this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
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address(es). Delete All Delete all MAC address entries. Reset Uncheck all selected MAC address entries. Enable Wireless Check this box to enable MAC address restriction, Access Control if unchecked, no restriction will be enforced (any wireless client with proper encryption setting will be able to connect to this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point).
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other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds.
2-10 System Utilities This Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point provides some control functions include password, IP address management, and DHCP server function. Please click ‘System Utility’ on the left of web management interface to access these functions. Below are detailed descriptions of every control function.
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When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds.
2-10-2 IP Address of the Wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point You can change the IP address of this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, so it can become a part of your local network. Please remember this address or you will not be able to connect the configuration menu of this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point.
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this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point connects to, please select ‘Disable’.
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After you finish, please go to the bottom of this page and click ‘Apply’, and the following message will be displayed: When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’...
2-10-3 DHCP Server This wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point is capable to act as a DHCP server for your network, and it’s disabled by default. If you want to activate this function, please click ‘System Utility’ on the left, and the following message will be displayed: NOTE: Please remember to select ‘Enable’...
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After you finish, please click ‘Apply’, and the following message will be displayed: When you see this message, the settings you made is successfully save. You can click ‘Go Back’ button to back to previous page and continue on other setting items, or click ‘Apply’ button to restart the wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point and the changes will take effect after about 30 seconds.
Chapter III: Advanced Configuration 3-1 Configuration Backup and Restore You can backup all configurations of this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point to a file, so you can make several copied of Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point configuration for security reason. To backup or restore Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point configuration, please follow the following instructions: Please click ‘Configuration Tool’...
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will be replaced by the file you just uploaded. Restore to Factory Click this button to remove all settings you made, Default and restore the configuration of this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point back to factory default settings.
3-2 Firmware Upgrade If there are new firmware of this wireless Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point available, you can upload the firmware to the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point to change the firmware with new one, to get extra functions or problem fix. To perform firmware upgrade, please click ‘Upgrade’...
3-3 System Reset When you think the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point is not working properly, you can use this function to restart the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point; this may help and solve the problem. This function is useful when the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point is far from you or unreachable.
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Click ‘OK’ to reset the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point, or click ‘Cancel’ to abort. Please remember all connections between wireless client and this Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point will be disconnected.
Chapter IV: Appendix 4-1 Hardware Specification SoC : Ralink RT3052 Flash: 8MB SDRAM: 32MB LAN Port: 10/100M UTP Port x 1 Antenna: 5dBi Detachable Omni Antenna x 2 (2T2R Spatial Multiplexing MIMO configuration. These 2 antennas are for signal transmitting and receiving) Power: 48VDC, 0.5A Switching Power Adapter (for POE) Dimension: 88(H) x 134(W) x 176(D) mm Transmit Power: 11n:14dBm ±...
4-2 Troubleshooting If you found the Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point is working improperly or stop responding to you, don’t panic! Before you contact your dealer of purchase for help, please read this troubleshooting first. Some problems can be solved by yourself within very short time! Scenario Solution Hi-Gain Outdoor...
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again after 10 seconds. I can’t locate my a. ‘Broadcast ESSID’ set to off? Hi-Gain Outdoor b. Is Antenna properly installed and secured? Wireless-N Access c. Are you too far from your Hi-Gain Outdoor Point by my wireless Wireless-N Access Point? Try to get closer. client d.
4-3 Glossary Default Gateway (Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point): Every non-Hi-Gain Outdoor Wireless-N Access Point IP device needs to configure a default gateway’s IP address. When the device sends out an IP packet, if the destination is not on the same network, the device has to send the packet to its default gateway, which will then send it out towards the destination.
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bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb, where each “b” can either be 0 or 1. A network mask is also a 32-bit binary pattern, and consists of consecutive leading 1’s followed by consecutive trailing 0’s, such as 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. Therefore sometimes a network mask can also be described simply as “x” number of leading 1’s. When both are represented side by side in their binary forms, all bits in the IP address that correspond to 1’s in the network mask become part of the IP network address, and the remaining bits correspond to the host ID.
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Port: Network Clients (LAN PC) uses port numbers to distinguish one network application/protocol over another. Below is a list of common applications and protocol/port numbers: Application Protocol Port Number Telnet SMTP POP3 H.323 1720 SNMP SNMP Trap HTTP PPTP 1723 PC Anywhere TCP 5631 PC Anywhere UDP...
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network (as opposed to valid IP address numbers recognized by the Internet, which must be assigned by InterNIC). TCP/IP, UDP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Unreliable Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP/IP is the standard protocol for data transmission over the Internet. Both TCP and UDP are transport layer protocol. TCP performs proper error detection and error recovery, and thus is reliable.