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General Information
Manual Overview
Manual Overview
The purpose of this manual is to help you use your Electronic Calibration (ECal) module
confidently and effectively. ECal is a precision, single-connection calibration technique
which uses fully traceable and verifiable electronic standards. Each module has unique
S-parameter data that is stored in the module's memory. During calibration, ECal uses
this data to calculate the error terms for your network analyzer.
This manual provides instructions for operating and maintaining your ECal module. Also
included are calibration procedures (for supported analyzers), mechanical specifications,
and replaceable parts available for each model.
RF Modules
The 8509x and N4431B series provide two-port and four-port calibration solutions with
operating frequencies starting at 300 kHz and ending as high as 13.5 GHz.
Microwave Modules
The N469xA and N469xB series (which replace the 8506x series) and the N4432A and
N4433A series provide two-port and four-port calibration solutions with operating
frequencies starting as low as 300 kHz and ending as high as 67 GHz.
Prerequisite Knowledge
This manual assumes you are trained in proper connector care. Because an accurate
calibration depends on the integrity and cleanliness of the connector interface, a damaged
connector will invalidate the calibration achieved with that module. Refer to the
"Principles of Microwave Connector Care Quick Reference Card" located at the back of this
manual.
Clarifying the Terminology of a Connector Interface
In this manual, adapters, ECal modules, and gage masters are referred to by way of their
interface connector. For example:
• A female adapter has a female interface.
• A male adapter has a male interface.
A connector gage is referred to by way of the connector it measures. For example:
• A male connector gage has a female interface so it can measure male devices.
• A female connector gage has a male interface so it can measure female devices.
Accuracy of Electronic Calibration versus Mechanical Calibration
As the number of DUT test ports increases, the required number of calibration
measurements also increases. This boosts the probability of bad connections and bad
calibrations when mechanical calibration standards are used rather than ECal. Also, test
port cable repeatability and stability errors are amplified by the increased number of
connections and disconnections. To perform an SOLT 4-port calibration, a minimum of
1-2
Chapter 1
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