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GEM GSM-19 Instruction Manual

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GSM-19
v7.0
Instruction Manual
Manual Release 7.4
March 2008
GEM Systems, Inc.
Advanced Magnetometers
135 Spy Court,
Phone +1-905-752-2202
Markham, ON
Fax: +1-905-752-2205
Canada L3R 5H6
Email:
info@gemsys.ca
Web: http://www.gemsys.ca

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Summary of Contents for GEM GSM-19

  • Page 1 GSM-19 v7.0 Instruction Manual Manual Release 7.4 March 2008 GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers 135 Spy Court, Phone +1-905-752-2202 Markham, ON Fax: +1-905-752-2205 Canada L3R 5H6 Email: info@gemsys.ca Web: http://www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND TUTORIAL ........................4 1.1 U GPS .......................... 6 SING ALKING ODE WITH 1.1.1 Getting Started ............................6 1.1.2 Setting the Positioning System......................... 6 1.1.3 Changing Time, Filename and Cycling....................8 1.1.4 Setting the Tuning, AC Filter and Display Mode ..................8 1.1.5 Working with the GPS Functionality.......................
  • Page 3 5.4.5 Evaluating Signal Quality ........................54 5.5 WORKING WITH GRADIOMETER MODE (19G & 19GW)................55 5.5.1 Performing a Reading ........................... 55 5.5.2 Specifying Gradiometer Sensor Spacing ....................56 5.5.3 Selecting the Display Mode ........................57 5.5.4 Selecting Magnetometer Channels ......................58 5.6 WORKING WITH WALKING MODES (19W, 19WG &...
  • Page 4 I.2 USING THE IMMEDIATE SCHEDULING FEATURE..................142 I.3 USING THE DAILY SCHEDULING FEATURE ....................142 I.4 USING THE FLEXIBLE SCHEDULING FEATURE..................144 I.5 TRANSFERRING SCHEDULES FROM YOUR PC TO YOUR GSM-19 ............147 APPENDIX J: VERSION 7.0 ADDITIONS ......................148 J1. D ..............................

  • Page 5: Introduction And Tutorial

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 1. INTRODUCTION AND TUTORIAL The GSM-19 is a portable high-sensitivity Overhauser effect* magnetometer/gradiometer designed for hand-held, towed or base station use. Applications include geophysical, geotechnical, or archaeological exploration, long term magnetic field monitoring at Magnetic Observatories, volcanological and seismic research, etc.
  • Page 6 GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 The GSM-19 is a secondary standard for measurement of the Earth’s magnetic field with 0.01 nT resolution, and 0.2 nT absolute accuracy over its full temperature range. Some of the system features include: • Microprocessor control with large memory storage capabilities (up to 32 Mbytes).

  • Page 7: Using Walking Mode With Gps

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 1.1 USING WALKING MODE WITH GPS Welcome to the v7.0 Tutorial for GEM magnetometers (and gradiometers) using Walking Mode with GPS. This guide provides you with the basic information required to get started. You may also want to supplement your review of this tutorial by referring to the rest of the manual.
  • Page 8 11. The EOL increment controls the line spacing. For example, if you are using vertical lines and lines spaced at 2m, set x=2, y=0. Or, if you are using horizontal lines spaced at 3m, set x=0, y=3. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 9: Changing Time, Filename And Cycling

    (ex. similar to a radio station), and a second “auto- tune” function that tracks the precession signal as it changes in amplitude. With GEM, there are 4 possible states of the two controls, as follows: Tune initialize...

  • Page 10: Working With The Gps Functionality

    • A-initialize. Manual initializing of GPS. Normally GPS is initialized when you start the survey; however, if you experience a situation in which the GPS is not responding, you may want to try to manually initialize the GPS. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 11 28. The line screen offers the opportunity to add a unique line number for each line of the survey. This will be recorded in the output file along with a “/line” notation – a standard GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 12: Starting A Reading, Surveying And Stopping Recording

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 notation used by software programs, such as Encom, Geosoft and Intrepid. This was a key upgrade in version 7 (i.e. to enable seamless data transfer from GEM output ASCII files to destination programs). 29. Select C-change and enter a value, say 10, for this parameter. The system displays the line spacing item.

  • Page 13: Dumping Data To A Personal Computer

    (cor-nT), signal quality (SQ), elevation (new for version 7), satellites (sat), picket-x and picket-y. Custom allows you to arrange these in any order you would like; default provides a preset listing of values in GEM format. 43. When ready to send data, press A-send. The system downloads the data.
  • Page 14 4. Select the Open file button and then locate your waypoint file. Press Ok. The system displays a message similar to the following, “The current active serial port is COM5. Make sure the RS232 port of the mag is connected to it.” GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 15 5. Press the Next button and follow the instructions on the screen for setting up the magnetometer to receive waypoints. 6. Then press Next. The system transfers the data and displays a message when transfer is complete. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 16: Theoretical Description

    Polarization. A strong RF current is passed through the sensor creating polarization of a proton rich fluid in the sensor. In the case of the GSM-19 fast sampling family, polarization can be concurrent with other intervals of measurement. Keeping the RF on all the time increases the maximum data- sampling rate to 5 Hz.

  • Page 17: Earth's Magnetic Field

    In normal applications, the magnetometer console does not produce appreciable effects on measurements provided that the sensor is installed on the staff and kept at least at arm’s length from the operator and the console. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 18: Instrument Description

    • FAST reading rates describe instruments that cycle from 0.5 seconds to 1 hour (i.e. include all SLOW reading rates). By default, all GSM-19 series magnetometers / gradiometers have a mobile and base station mode, and cycle at a slow reading rate. However, if you purchase additional options such as walking mode or walking gradiometer rover mode, your instrument is automatically upgraded to a fast cycling rate.
  • Page 19 It may show, for example, that you have an additional sensor and radio frequency cable (i.e. for a gradiometer configuration). The following list summarizes the STANDARD parts that are shipped with a GSM-19 system: • 1 sensor for magnetometer and 2 for gradiometer. Sensors are dual-coils designed to reduce noise and improve gradient tolerance.

  • Page 20: Assembling The Instrument

    (56cm), although two or more sections are sometimes used for maximum sensitivity. 4.2 ASSEMBLING THE INSTRUMENT The GSM-19 is very simple to assemble. The following picture shows the sensors in Gradiometer or Walkgrad configuration mounted on a back pack Figure 4: Gradiometer and Backpack Assembly GEM Systems, Inc.

  • Page 21: General Assembly Instructions

    2 BNC connectors. Connect first the extension cables and then connect both cables to the GSM-19 console-BNC and 4 pin connector. The lower set of connectors on the unit's display and in this manual is referred to as [lower], while the upper set is referred to as [upper].

  • Page 22: Using The 6-Pin Connector

    • For RS-323 data transfer, either in Real time Transmission or after the survey. • For external triggering. • For upgrading internal software. • For any combinations of the above with proper cable (contact GEM systems for available options). Figure 5. Operator with console, sensor and GPS.

  • Page 23: Description Of Connectors

    Sends RF signal, polarizes the lower sensor. RS232 RS-232 Communication port RS232 RS-232 Communication port and input for power. and input for power. GSM-19W GSM-19GW “WALKING” MAG “WALKING” GRAD GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 24: Pinout Of A 6-Pin Female Connector

    B - Ground. C - not used. D - not used. 4.3.3 Pinout on BNC Female Connector (Fast or Walking modes): Center pin - RF output. Body - Ground. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 25: External Trigger Options

    • Keep A at 5V to 12V most of the time. • Voltage falling to 0V for 10ms - 50ms is recognized as a trigger. 3. Using RS-232 to GSM-19 at pin B and pin E as signal GND: • A Carriage return byte is recognized as a trigger command.

  • Page 26: Operating Instructions

    The keyboard consists of 16 alphanumerical keys. The function of the keys is described below: 5.1.1 Power On 1. Press the button labeled “B” on the console to turn the GSM-19 on. 2. If during power up, you hold the power button B for about 2 seconds, the following screen is...
  • Page 27 Test (see section 9) Time Synchronization (see section 5.8) Data Transfer (see section 6.2) GPS option (see Appendix D) Data Erasing (see section 8) Text Mode (see section 5.3.10) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 28: Survey Menu

    In the Survey Menu, you can press the following to initiate the actions shown on the right: move forward or move backwards through the parameters change settings of the highlighted parameter start the survey at any time GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 29: Setting The Survey Mode

    SCREEN 5 survey mode position time file cycle time tuning AC filter display mode text ID connect sensor now 029123 readings left mobile C-change ← → A-start GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 30: Setting The Positioning System

    → A-start C-change ← When position is highlighted, the unit displays the current position settings. To select the positioning system or make changes to the coordinate numbers, press -change. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 31 C-change toggles between the above two screens. Press F-ok to select one. NOTE: If your unit is equipped with built-in GPS and GPS is active, you have more options for the positioning system. See Appendix D for more details. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 32 If you press C-clear or D-backsp, the bottom line changes to display new commands: SCREEN 11 x= 0 y= 0 position x= 0 y= 0 increment x= 10 y= 0 EOL increment 0-9 A-dp B- + D-backsp. E-enter GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 33 (N,NE,E,SE,S,SW,W,NW) changes EOL increment sign. changes EOL increment. changes line increment sign. changes line increment. NOTE: The EOL increment only affects the Line number (see section 5.4.4). GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 34 E-enter to store. When you press B-coordinates, the following screen is displayed: SCREEN 15 enter NESW Use the blue letters on the keyboard to select the desired cardinal point. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 35: Understanding The Line / Station Positioning System

    In both cases, when you pass through station 0.00, the GSM-19 automatically changes E to W or W to E and the sign of the station increment. The station increment is used in a mathematically correct way and is related to the direction in which you are walking.

  • Page 36: Understanding The X / Y Positioning System

    The x increment must be zero if you walk along y lines. NOTE: All the numbers shown above are just examples, the range of numbers which can be used are: GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 37: Setting The Time

    • has been set by cable synch. • has been set by remote. To change the time, press C-change and the following screen is displayed: SCREEN 17 wyymmddhhmmss c-clear GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 38: Setting The File Name

    In the Survey Menu, press F to highlight file SCREEN 19 survey mode position time file cycle time tuning AC filter display mode text ID 01survey.m C-change ← → A-start GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 39: Setting The Cycle Time

    The cycling time for each of these groups is saved and after changing the survey mode the last used cycle time is restored in each of the survey modes. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 40: Tuning The Magnetometer

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 The definition of cycle time is different for different survey modes: • In mobile, gradiometer, mobile + vlf or gradiometer + vlf modes, the GSM-19 does not cycle automatically. You must press a button to take each reading.
  • Page 41 • If you select tune initialize no , you must manually set the field range in screen 24. To store your selection and access the next tuning parameter, press F-ok . SCREEN 23 auto-tune yes F-ok C-change C-change toggles between yes and no. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 42: Using The Ac-Filter

    C-change toggles between 60Hz, 50Hz and No. If you select No , the reading is defined as the longest measurement possible, however, the other two settings are recommended because of possible AC interference. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 43: Setting The Display Mode

    1/60 or 1/50 seconds periods to minimize the interference of power lines. GEM Systems magnetometers output real measured values with no extra filtering, averaging, or signal manipulation of any kind. State-of-the-art measuring algorithms and system design -- from the sensors to the electronics ensure the quality of the results.
  • Page 44 & and coordinates both field and coordinates numbers are shown. NOTE: Gradiometer modes have more options in this screen to accommodate the selection of gradient graph or readouts. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 45 The vertical units are nT (i.e. full scale from top to bottom of the screen). The horizontal range is always 240 dots and each dot represents a reading. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 46 2.56nT 2.56nT 5.12nT 10.24nT 10nT 20.48nT 20nT 40.96nT 40nT 81.92nT 80nT 163.84nT 160nT 327.68nT 300nT 655.36nT 650nT 1310.72nT 1300nT 2621.44nT 2600nT 5242.88nT 5000nT Table 1: Vertical Graph Display Ranges GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 47: Entering Text

    This setting has no effect on the readings or the survey mode itself. It could be used to identify the operator or any other additional information pertinent to the current file or unit. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 48: Working With Mobile Mode (All Models)

    As described in the instrument description section in Chapter 4, GEM’s ROVER modes include mobile, gradiometer, walking and walking gradiometer. This section describes the mobile mode that (along with the BASE STATION mode) is a standard feature of all GSM-19 series units. 5.4.1 Performing a Reading Mobile mode is a standard mode and is always included in every GSM-19 configuration.
  • Page 49 If graph is selected in Display Mode the screen corresponds to your choice of: • graph only ( no text ) • graph and field nT • graph, field and coordinates • (see 5.3.9 Setting the Display Mode) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 50 • 1-info - Is very useful in providing information about last reading like s/n (signal/noise ratio) and measurement time in ms. It also shows the number of readings which can be taken before the memory is full (see section 5.4.5). GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 51: Repeating A Reading

    5.4.3 Monitoring the Noise From the Reading Menu , press A-menu . The following screen is displayed. SCREEN 38 A-position B-enter text 4-graph vertical scale C-tune 5-display-mode E-EOL F-OK 0-noise 1-info GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 52: Using The End Of Line (Eol) Function

    E-EOL F-OK 0-noise 1-info press E EOL is a very useful feature. One button, ( E) , is all that is required to continue a survey with minimum user intervention. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 53 To walk along X lines set Y increment and X EOL increment both to zero. To walk along Y lines set X increment and Y EOL increment both to zero. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 54 • 2840zc - # of zero crossings taken (used for measurement calculation) • 1200ms - Signal measurement time in milliseconds • 2600 & 1600 - First and last signal measurement amplitudes ( S/N ) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 55: Evaluating Signal Quality

    • Y represents the area under signal amplitude coincident with the time of measurement. • 9 means optimal conditions. • 0 means unacceptable reading. • x=0 causes y=0 but not vice versa. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 56: Working With Gradiometer Mode (19G & 19Gw)

    029876 readings left mobile → A-start C-change ← Press C-change . The following screen is displayed. SCREEN 45 A - mobile B - base C - grad GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 57: Specifying Gradiometer Sensor Spacing

    Gradient (nT/m) = FIELD lower channel (nT) FIELD upper channel (nT) Distance between sensors (m) If just the difference of the two fields is required, enter 100cm as the distance between the sensors. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 58: Selecting The Display Mode

    C - change toggles between field and grad . Press F-ok to select one. The following screen is displayed. SCREEN 50 graph field no text display mode F - ok C - change GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 59: Selecting Magnetometer Channels

    Press E – channel . The following screen is displayed. SCREEN 52 lower F - ok C - change C-change toggles between lower and upper (channel). Press F-ok to store your selection. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 60: Working With Walking Modes (19W, 19Wg & 19Gfw)

    5.6 WORKING WITH WALKING MODES (19W, 19WG & 19GFW) GEM’s unique “Walking” Magnetometer/Gradiometer enables acquisition of nearly continuous data on survey lines. Thanks to the Overhauser effect enhancement exclusive of GEM Systems, sampling rates that could otherwise be obtained only with optically pumped systems, can be achieved with excellent results.

  • Page 61: Performing A Reading

    B+ to increase or decrease the current setting. The available rates are: 0.5sec. (2 readings/second or 2Hz) 1.0sec. (1 reading/second or 1Hz) 2.0 sec. (1 reading/2seconds or 0.5 Hz) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 62 A black rectangle shows at the bottom of the screen to indicate the command was accepted. The beeper sounds briefly if it is enabled. • If GPS is enabled this command is not available. Each reading is stored with its coordinates. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 63: Working With Base Station Mode (All Models)

    For details, refer to section 5.5.2 on “Setting the Gradiometer Sensor Spacing”. 5.7 WORKING WITH BASE STATION MODE (ALL MODELS) The base station mode is a standard mode in all GSM-19 units. This section provides general information about accessing the base station functionality. You should also be aware of the unique programmable base station option that was added in Version 6.
  • Page 64 Moreover, a file could be transferred several times, each time with a different datum to obtain different offsets on the corrected data. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 65: Stopping A Base Station Reading

    5.8 SYNCHRONIZING ROVER AND BASE STATION UNITS (ALL MODELS) If you intend to use two or more GSM-19s (for example, a Rover unit such as a GSM-19 in mobile, gradiometer, walking or walking gradiometer mode and a Base Station unit) in the survey to later perform diurnal correction, you must synchronize their times.

  • Page 66: Transferring The Time

    Connect the 6-pin to 6-pin cable between the two units. NOTE: The same cable is used for diurnal correction. This is why sometimes it is called Reduction Cable and sometimes Synch cable. Please contact GEM Systems if you need to order one. Press C The following screen is displayed.

  • Page 67: Applying Diurnal Corrections

    Base readings that are closest in time to the Mobile reading. The best way of obtaining diurnal corrected data is by using a Base Station and a Mobile unit. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 68: Mag-To-Mag Diurnal Correction

    You require a reduction cable (6-pin to 6-pin cable) to connect the two units. NOTE: The same cable is used for time synchronization. This is why sometimes it is called Reduction Cable and sometimes Synch cable. Please contact GEM Systems if you need to order one. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers...
  • Page 69 When units older than version 5 are in use, it is advised to use File-to-File correction. This is because (in the event of incompatible file formats) the original mobile file may be damaged when combined with the base file. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 70: File-To-File Diurnal Correction (Gemlinkw Utility)

    NOTE: GEMLinkW is normally shipped with the new units in a CD-ROM. It is also available from GEM Systems Web Site at www.gemsys.on.ca from the support pages. The latest version of GEMLinkW is 3.0. It includes more and better tools than the previous versions.

  • Page 71: Data Organization And Transfer

    The GSM-19 has a directory function you can use to show all the files in the mag. • To access this function, press C-info in the Main Menu and then press D-dir. The file names are displayed on the left, and the number of readings in this file on the right.

  • Page 72: Data Transfer

    [send] 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity F-ok C-change • Press F-ok if selection is correct • Press C-change if you need to change the transfer rate GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 73 • If you do not intend to use the RTT function, select no and press F-ok to return to the Info Menu. Then press 1C to return to main menu . • Otherwise select yes and press F-ok . The RTT setting screen is displayed. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 74: Transferring The Data

    Remember that you can program the transmission rate for SEND and RTT on the unit. However, the data bits, stop bits and parity are not programmable for either SEND or RTT, but the default values are displayed on the setting screens for your reference. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 75 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity You will need an RS-232 cable (6-pin to 9-pinD cable). Please contact GEM Systems to order one. To start the transfer: 1. Connect the 9-pinD connector to an available serial port on the receiving device, and the 6pin connector to the unit.
  • Page 76 C. The system scrolls through a series of values. 2. Choose the one that you want and either move to the next field or select A-send to start transmitting the data. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 77: Recalling Data

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 7. RECALLING DATA The GSM-19 series of magnetometers / gradiometers enables you to recall or review data in text mode and graphical mode. This system describes these processes. 7.1 SELECTING A FILE TO REVIEW From the Main Menu, press C-info.

  • Page 78: Data Recall In Text Mode

    7.2 DATA RECALL IN TEXT MODE To recall data in text mode, start from Screen 75 above. Then set the increment using the screen below: SCREEN 77 incr F-ok C-change GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 79 Base files are reviewed in a similar way but the corrected field and the position labels are not displayed: SCREEN 79 056789.34 27 IX 96 11:22:33.4 B+ C GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 80: Data Recall In Graph Mode

    On survey modes other than base, you are prompted to select the value to graph. Depending on the mode the options may be: • uncorrected field (normally lower channel) • corrected field (data available only after Mag-to-Mag diurnal correction) • grad (for grad or walkgrad modes) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 81 To change the graph’s settings, press C. The following screen is displayed: D ↑ vertical scale SCREEN 83 20 nT ......C ↓ A- B+ F GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 82 A- B+ C Press C to change the graph's settings D ↑ vertical scale SCREEN 85 20 nT ......C ↓ A- B+ F Here you have the following options: GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 83 GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 reduces the vertical scale increases the vertical scale moves the graph down moves the graph up returns you to the graph review screen GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 84: Erasing Memory

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 8. ERASING MEMORY GSM-19 version 6 magnetometers are equipped with flash memory chips. Flash memory cannot be partially erased. The technology requires that the memory chips must be erased all at once. For this reason, it is not possible to remove single files from the memory. To erase one file you must erase them all.
  • Page 85 010% of memory erased Press F when 100% of the memory has been cleared NOTE: Units with 32MB of memory take several minutes to erase all memory. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 86: Testing Your System

    EPROM, and the number on the right side is the calculated checksum. The checksum shown here is just an example. Each unit has its own checksum number. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 87: Upgrading Internal Software (Firmware)

    '.bin'. If you need to upgrade or want to check whether new functionality is available for your system through upgrades, please contact GEM Systems at support@gemsys.on.ca and include “Upgrade” in the title of your message.
  • Page 88 SCREEN 95 524288 bytes received 07183A4A flash erased, verified flash reprogrammed press 1C to reboot Press 1C to reboot with the new software and go to the main menu. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 89: Storing Your Magnetometer (Important!)

    24 hours later the automatic shelf-off is triggered. NOTE: Batteries are NOT included in the normal warranty provided by GEM as their lifespan is determined by the way in which they are normally maintained. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers...

  • Page 90: Maintaining Your System (Important!)

    The liquid of the Overhauser sensors is sealed in a pyrex bottle. Refilling is neither possible nor needed. 14. WARRANTY (IMPORTANT!) ALL GEM Systems magnetometers excluding batteries are guaranteed for replacement of defective parts and correction of defective labor for two years from shipping date. Shipping costs are not covered.

  • Page 91: Appendix A: Global Magnetic Maps

    A.1.1 Overhauser Sensor In equatorial regions, the magnetic field direction should be considered horizontal and pointing north to south. Here, the GSM-19 (Overhauser) sensor axis must be oriented horizontally in an east-west direction. In regions north of the +45 line, or south of the -45 line, the sensor may be oriented in any horizontal direction.
  • Page 92 GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 Figure A1: Magnetic Field Intensity GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 93 GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 Figure A2: Magnetic Field Inclination GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 94: Appendix B: Raw Data Files Transmitted By Rs-232-C

    The transmission appears as follows: time field/nT 125010.0 57756.28 125020.0 57756.12 Column 1: Time, as hhmmss.s Column 2: Unreduced magnetic field data (nT) Column 3: Signal Quality GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 95: Vlf Option

    (%) 001.1 op (%) -000 x amplitude y amplitude 012.1 VLF total field strength (pT) The next six numbers represent the same values for the third VLF station. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 96: Walking Mag Option

    Uncorrected magnetic field (nT) Row 2, Column 3: Reduced magnetic field (nT) NOTE: The text in row 1 only appears chronologically when a position label for a picket was stored. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 97: Gradiometer Option

    Column 2: Line number and direction Column 3: Station number and direction Column 4: Unreduced magnetic field Column 5: Magnetic field gradient (nT/m) and sign Column 6: Reduced magnetic field (nT) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 98: Appendix C: Vlf Survey Option

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 APPENDIX C: VLF SURVEY OPTION The VLF option to the GSM-19 Series is available on its own or in conjunction any model of magnetometer or gradiometer. When installed in conjunction with magnetometer modes, the VLF mode can be used alone or combined with mag modes.

  • Page 99: C2. Selecting Vlf Stations

    16.0 16.4 17.1 17.4 18.6 19.0 19.6 21.4 22.3 23.4 24.0 24.8 28.5 ← → A-select station Repeat the process until the frequency for all the stations have been entered. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 100 The US NAVY shuts down its VLF station for maintenance purposes according to the following schedule. Please note that this schedule is provided as complementary information and GEM Systems has no control over any changes that may have been implemented.
  • Page 101 VLF readings are not taken while walking. Instead, when F is pressed to mark a station label, the unit interrupts the cycling, takes the VLF reading, and then prompts you to reassume the cycle GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 102: C3. Starting A Reading

    The last line displays the position coordinates in the form of the current positioning system. When conducting the survey with the VLF option on the GSM-19, the quality of the incoming signal can be effectively determined by the field strength shown in the upper right corner of the screen.
  • Page 103 B - to manually enter a terrain slope to be stored with vlf data. C- to scan all VLF stations and display field strength for each. D- to change frequencies of VLF stations. F- exits to survey mode. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 104: C4. Sign Conventions For In-Phase (Ip) And Out-Of-Phase (Op)

    3. If station has coordinates S SW W NW and the station increment is positive, signs for IP and op are inverted. 4. If station has coordinates S SW W NW and the station increment is negative, signs for IP and op are not changed. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 105: Appendix D: Gps (Global Positioning System) Option

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 APPENDIX D: GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) OPTION At GEM, we address our customer requests for GPS and its higher resolution derivative, Differential GPS (DGPS) through both built-in and external GPS options. Built-in GPS offers many advantages because it minimizes weight and removes bulky components that can be damaged through normal survey procedures.
  • Page 106 The message “please wait for pps” , where pps represents P ulse P er S econd, is displayed until GPS lock occurs. Then the display returns to the GPS menu. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 107: D2. Synchronizing Gps Time

    With GPS enabled, the internal timer is always overwritten. It is not possible to run a GPS survey with other than UTC. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 108: D3. Displaying Current Gps Information

    DGPS binary data and the percentage of memory used to that purpose. Line 8 043.8566413 -079.3920040 are Latitude and Longitude in decimal degrees. 08 is the number of satellites in view. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 109: D4. Setting Up Navigation Options

    GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 110 Y-axis takes the direction of the line. The following picture shows how the different systems relate to each other. Figure D 1 Automatic Grid (UTM, Local Grid, and Rotated Grid) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 111 C-change to change, the digit keys 0 to 9 for the numbers, A for the decimal point and D as backspace for corrections. SCREEN D10 0629229 UTM Easting start point 4857218 UTM Northing start point 00000 x local grid origin 00000 y local grid origin F-ok C-change GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 112 Latitude Longitude • Local Grid • Rotated Grid The data is stored with UTC time as the time stamp and the position in the units of the selected system. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 113: Programmable Waypoints (Point-To-Point Navigation)

    The next point command is used and works as the EOL command. It basically switches the destination point as the origin point, and retrieves the next consecutive waypoint from memory. The next figure shows these concepts: GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 114 LCD unit. This feature is designed to assist you in staying precisely on track during your survey. To see how this new feature looks and works, turn on your unit and access the navigation option. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 115 C-change to change, the digit keys 0 to 9 for the numbers, A for the decimal point and D as backspace for corrections. SCREEN D14 00001 start waypoint F-ok C-change SCREEN D15 00001 start waypoint 00002 end waypoint F-ok C-change GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 116: Waypoint Transfer (Point-To-Point Navigation)

    To transfer the waypoints you MUST have GEMLinkW 2.4 or newer installed on your PC and use the Transfer GPS waypoint utility. GEMLinkW is freely available from GEM Systems web site. The text files may be created using GEMlinkW in editing mode, or with any other word processor capable of saving as plain ASCII text.
  • Page 117 629271 4857194 629361 4857193 629262 4857192 After creating the text file on the PC, open GEMLinkW, access the Transfer GPS waypoint utility, and just follow the step-by-step instructions provided. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 118: Surveying With Gps Navigation

    If any of the steps don't match the options or screens available from your unit, it is either because your unit does not support the waypoint feature or you have an older software version. Please contact GEM Systems for assistance.
  • Page 119 (in meters) along the current line (wp1 - wp2 direction in this example) from current location to the ending waypoint (wp2 in this example) 0001 0002 - are the current waypoints. 629229 4857218 are the current coordinates GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 120 ID 0000268 0001 0002 629229 4857218 → A-start C-change ← SCREEN D24 select position system rotated grid F-ok C-change The options are Local Grid, Rotated Grid, UTM or Lat-Long. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 121 (wp2 in this example) 0001 0002- are the current waypoints. 629229 4857218 are the current coordinates 07 - is the number of satellites in view > are the lane guidance indicators GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 122: Dgps Post Processing

    GPS station (which could also be the mag base station) and another from the mobile unit. To enable or disable post-processing, from the GPS menu press E-post- processing and conduct the survey in the usual manner. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 123 ! GPS WARNING ! storing for post-processing disabled After the survey the DGPS binary data can be transferred to a PC using A-send-raw-data SCREEN D29 GPS yes 8544455 bytes A-send-raw-data F-ok C-change GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 124: Cdgps/Omnistar Gps Option

    PC-transfer. GEMLinkW's Receive DGPS Binary Utility has been designed to safely transfer the DGPS binary data from the memory of GEM Systems' magnetometers equipped with on- board GPS and with post-processing option, to a file on the PC. Once initiated, the process automatically checks for data integrity.
  • Page 125 Once communication link works, GPS will be switched to 115200 baud rate and it will be ready to be initialized. After GPS was powered-up it normally takes 10-12seconds before GPS will respond. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 126 GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 3. GPS Menu Screen #1 GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 127 Reception of differential corrections from OmniStar requires subscription. In case user would try to synchronize to UTC without initialization than message shown on fig will appear on the screen. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 128 Depending on area selection one of four available L-band satellites will be used. Once location selected, then CDGPS will show the status of frequency carriers accordingly to specific satellite. Screen #4 1557897000Hz Measured frequency of L-band signal GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 129 Asia and Pacific Islands Africa Europe, Africa and Mid East Australia and Far East To scroll forward between areas press ‘B’, to scroll backward press ‘A’, to select chosen area press ‘F’. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 130 Seventh line represents Signal Tracking Status. 82 stands for phase locked and signal is being tracked. For more detailed explanation please refer to Table 1: Table 1: L-band Signal Tracking Status ( Courtesy of NovAtel) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 131 One of above shown screens #4 or #6 will come up, depending on how GPS was initialized to work either with OmniSTAR or with CDGPS. In case if SBAS mode was selected then attempt to receive L-band info will show message on the screen #7. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 132 On this screen 14 satellites visible and in use will be shown by names-numbers along with elevation, azimuth and carrier to noise density ratio. Satellites which show 00dB, being excluded from computation of position. Press ‘F’ to return to GPS menu. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 133 ARC50 ARC1950(SW&SE Africa ARC60 See #66 AGD66 Australian Geodetic Datum 1966 AGD84 Australian Geodetic Datum 1984 BUKIT Bukit Rimpah (Indonesia) ASTRO Camp Area Astro (Antarctica) CHATM Chatham 1971(New Zealand) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 134 Tananarive Observatory 1925 (Madagascar) TIMBA See #85 TOKYO See #86 TRIST Tristan Astro 1968 (Tristan du Cunha) VITI Viti Levu 1916 Fiji Islands WAK60 See #67 WGS72 World Geodetic System 1972 GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 135 Once desired Datum set its necessary to verify acceptance of datum by checking of E-test screen #9. If datum typed properly and accepted then desired datum would appear in capital letters on seventh line of screen #9. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 136 It includes technical specification, options available e.t.c. OEMV family user manual OM-20000093 HW Rev2.pdf OEMV family firmware reference manual OM-20000094.pdf Quick Start guide GM-14915062.pdf Quick reference guide GM-14915061.pdf GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 137: Appendix E: Gsm-19 V7 Didd Magnetometer

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 APPENDIX E: GSM-19 V7 dIdD MAGNETOMETER dIdD is a vector magnetometer, offering a completely integrated design for continuous monitoring of the Inclination and Declination , and total field intensity of the Earth's magnetic field.

  • Page 138: Appendix F: Gsm-19T Proton Precession System

    In base station mode, only the time and total field are stored. Both series, GSM-19 and GSM-19T are used and operated in the same fashion. The main difference between these models is the addition of an electron-rich fluid in the sensor and additional circuits to achieve the Overhauser affect in the GSM-19 system.

  • Page 139: Magnetic Field Measurement Process

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 APPENDIX H: GSM-19 MAG / GRAD SPECIFICATIONS Resolution: 0.01nT (gamma), magnetic field and gradient. Accuracy: +/- 0.1nT over operating range. Range: 15,000 to 120,000nT. Gradient Tolerance: Over 10, 000nT/m Operating Interval: 3 seconds minimum, faster optional. Readings initiated from keyboard, external trigger, or carriage return via RS-232C.

  • Page 140: Appendix I: Programmable Base Option

    Press B to select Base Station . The unit returns to Survey Menu with the following screen: SCREEN G2 survey mode datum time file cycle time tuning AC filter display mode text ID connect sensor now 089123 readings left base C-change ← → A-start GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 141 • Programmable The screen for the base mode used in the last survey is displayed. Press E-new-mode to change the base mode SCREEN G3 base start A-immediate B-daily C-programmable D-RS-232 GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 142: Using The Immediate Scheduling Feature

    The Daily Base scheduling feature lets you run the base station every day by starting and stopping at designated times. SCREEN G5 base start A-immediate B-daily C-programmable D-RS-232 Select B-daily SCREEN G6 base will run every day from 07:00 to 19:00 A-start C-change E-new-mode GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 143 Pressing F returns both times to 00:00. To enter the correct time, start the process again. When the last digit has been entered the unit returns to screen G6 and displaying the new program. Press A-start to start the base. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 144: Using The Flexible Scheduling Feature

    The flexible scheduling feature lets you store up to 30 schedules each with date and time for the start and the date and time to stop the surveys. SCREEN G10 .base start A-immediate B-daily C-programmable D-RS-232 Select C-programmable. A screen similar to the following is displayed. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 145 A-move places a copy of the marked program at the current program number and moves marked program on step down. NOTE that this overwrites program number 30. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 146 At the stop time, the unit stops cycling, turns off GPS if enabled and closes the current file. If another valid program is stored, the unit waits for its start time. When all the programs are completed, the unit displays a " press 1C " message. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

  • Page 147: Transferring Schedules From Your Pc To Your Gsm-19

    GSM19 Series Magnetometers - Version 7 I.5 TRANSFERRING SCHEDULES FROM YOUR PC TO YOUR GSM-19 By selecting D-RS-232 the base schedules can be transferred to the unit from a PC file. This is not a different base survey mode. It is actually a tool to enter the base schedules. If you need to enter several base programs, it may be easier to type them into a text file on a PC and then transfer the file to the unit using the RS-232 port.

  • Page 148: Appendix J: Version 7.0 Additions

    • X (UTM, Lat/Long, X, Line) • Y (UTM, Lat/Long, Y, Station) • Elevation (m) • Mag in nT • Grad in nT/m • Signal Quality (sq) GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...
  • Page 149 Selecting Custom provides you with the option of changing the Default order to any ordering of values you would like as well of duplication of values, if required for any reason. GEM Systems, Inc. Advanced Magnetometers For more technical information, visit www.gemsys.ca...

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