Terms And Abbreviations - Emerson Fisher 1052 Safety Manual

1052 Actuator
October 2017

Terms and Abbreviations

Safety: Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm.
Functional Safety: The ability of a system to carry out the actions necessary to achieve or to maintain a defined safe
state for the equipment / machinery / plant / apparatus under control of the system.
Basic Safety: The equipment must be designed and manufactured such that it protects against risk of injury to persons
by electrical shock and other hazards and against resulting fire and explosion. The protection must be effective under
all conditions of the nominal operation and under single fault condition.
Safety Assessment: The investigation to arrive at a judgment ­ based on the facts ­ of the safety achieved by
safety­related systems.
Fail­Safe State: State where valve actuator is de­energized and spring is extended.
Fail Safe: Failure that causes the valve to go to the defined fail­safe state without a demand from the process.
Fail Dangerous: Failure that does not respond to a demand from the process (i.e. being unable to go to the defined
fail­safe state).
Fail Dangerous Undetected: Failure that is dangerous and that is not being diagnosed by automatic stroke testing.
Fail Dangerous Detected: Failure that is dangerous but is detected by automatic stroke testing.
Fail Annunciation Undetected: Failure that does not cause a false trip or prevent the safety function but does cause
loss of an automatic diagnostic and is not detected by another diagnostic.
Fail Annunciation Detected: Failure that does not cause a false trip or prevent the safety function but does cause loss of
an automatic diagnostic or false diagnostic indication.
Fail No Effect: Failure of a component that is part of the safety function but that has no effect on the safety function.
Low demand mode: Mode, where the frequency of demands for operation made on a safety­related system is no
greater than twice the proof test frequency.
Acronyms
FMEDA: Failure Modes, Effects and Diagnostic Analysis
HFT: Hardware Fault Tolerance
MOC: Management of Change. These are specific procedures often done when performing any work activities in
compliance with government regulatory authorities.
PFD : Average Probability of Failure on Demand
AVG
SFF: Safe Failure Fraction, the fraction of the overall failure rate of a device that results in either a safe fault or a
diagnosed unsafe fault.
SIF: Safety Instrumented Function, a set of equipment intended to reduce the risk due to a specific hazard (a safety
loop).
SIL: Safety Integrity Level, discrete level (one out of a possible four) for specifying the safety integrity requirements of
the safety functions to be allocated to the E/E/PE safety­related systems where Safety Integrity Level 4 has the highest
level of safety integrity and Safety Integrity Level 1 has the lowest.
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Instruction Manual Supplement
D103790X012