RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002...
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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Xilinx does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product described or shown herein; nor does it convey any license under its patents, copyrights, or maskwork rights or any rights of others. Xilinx reserves the right to make changes, at any time, in order to improve reliability, function or design and to supply the best product possible.
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RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 The following table shows the revision history for this document. Date Version Revision 11/20/01 Initial Xilinx release. 01/23/02 Updated for typographical and other errors found during review. 02/25/02 Part of Virtex-II Pro™ Developer’s Kit (March 2002 Release)
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RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778...
RocketIO Features ........................13 In This User Guide ......................... 14 Naming Conventions ......................14 For More Information ......................14 Chapter 2: RocketIO Transceiver Overview Basic Architecture and Capabilities ................15 Clock Synthesizer ........................17 Clock and Data Recovery ..................... 18 Transmitter ..........................
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Deterministic Jitter (DJ) ......................87 Random Jitter (RJ) Clock and Data Recovery ..................... 87 PCB Design Requirements ....................89 Power Conditioning......................89 ......................89 Voltage Regulation ......................... 90 Passive Filtering www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
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Epson EG-2121CA 2.5V (LVPECL outputs) ................... 94 Pletronics LV1145B (LVDS outputs) Other Important Design Notes ..................95 Powering the RocketIO Transceivers ................. 95 The POWERDOWN Port ..................... 95 Chapter 5: Simulation and Implementation Simulation Models ......................... 97 SmartModels .......................... 97 HSPICE ...........................
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UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
FALSE. Change the attribute name TERMINATION_IMP to RX_TERM_IMP. RocketIO Features The RocketIO™ transceiver’s flexible, programmable features allow a multi-gigabit serial transceiver to be easily integrated into any Virtex-II Pro design: • Variable speed full-duplex transceiver, allowing 622 Mb/s to 3.125 Gb/s baud transfer rates •...
Naming Conventions Input and output ports of the RocketIO transceiver primitives are denoted in upper-case letters. Attributes of the RocketIO transceiver are denoted in upper-case letters with underscores. Trailing numbers in primitive names denote the byte width of the data path.
Chapter 2 RocketIO Transceiver Overview Basic Architecture and Capabilities The RocketIO transceiver is based on Mindspeed’s SkyRail™ technology. Figure 2-1, page 16, depicts an overall block diagram of the transceiver. Up to 24 transceiver modules are available on a single Virtex-II Pro FPGA, depending on the part being used.
• Dynamic changes can be made by the ports of the primitives The RocketIO transceiver consists of the Physical Media Attachment (PMA) and Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS). The PMA contains the serializer/deserializer (SERDES), TX and RX buffers, clock generator, and clock recovery circuitry. The PCS contains the 8B/10B encoder/decoder and the elastic buffer supporting channel bonding and clock correction.
Chapter 2: RocketIO Transceiver Overview Clock and Data Recovery The clock/data recovery (CDR) circuits lock to the reference clock automatically if the data is not present. For proper operation, frequency variations of REFCLK, TXUSRCLK, ± RXUSRCLK, and the incoming stream (RXRECCLK) must not exceed 100 ppm.
Receiver Deserializer The RocketIO transceiver core accepts serial differential data on its RXP and RXN inputs. The clock/data recovery circuit extracts clock phase and frequency from the incoming data stream and re-times incoming data to this clock. The recovered clock is presented on output RXRECCLK at 1/20 of the received serial data rate.
Chapter 2: RocketIO Transceiver Overview Receiver Termination On-chip termination is provided at the receiver, eliminating the need for external termination. The receiver includes programmable on-chip termination circuitry for 50Ω (default) or 75Ω impedance. 8B/10B Decoder An optional 8B/10B decoder is included. A programmable option allows the decoder to be bypassed.
If the byte sequence length is greater than one, and if attribute CLK_COR_REPEAT_WAIT is 0, then the transceiver can repeat the same sequence multiple times until the buffer is refilled to the half-full condition. UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
Chapter 2: RocketIO Transceiver Overview Similarly, if RXUSRCLK is slower than RXRECCLK, the buffer fills up over time. The clock correction logic corrects for this by incrementing the read pointer to skip over a removable byte sequence that need not appear in the final FPGA core byte stream. This is shown in the...
The RocketIO transceiver CRC logic supports the 32-bit invariant CRC calculation used by Infiniband, FibreChannel, and Gigabit Ethernet. On the transmitter side, the CRC logic recognizes where the CRC bytes should be inserted and replaces four placeholder bytes at the tail of a data packet with the computed CRC.
Chapter 2: RocketIO Transceiver Overview Additional reset and power control descriptions are given in Table 2-7 Table 2-8. Table 2-7: Reset and Power Control Descriptions Ports Description RXRESET Synchronous receive system reset recenters the receiver elastic buffer, and resets the 8B/10B decoder, comma detect, channel bonding, clock correction logic, and other receiver registers.
Digital Design Considerations List of Available Ports The RocketIO transceiver primitives contain 50 ports, with the exception of the 46-port GT_ETHERNET and GT_FIBRE_CHAN primitives. The differential serial data ports (RXN, RXP, TXN, and TXP) are connected directly to external pads; the remaining 46 ports are all accessible from the FPGA logic (42 ports for GT_ETHERNET and GT_FIBRE_CHAN).
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RXNOTINTABLE 1, 2, 4 Status of encoded data when the data is not a valid character when asserted High. Applies to the byte-mapping scheme. Serial differential port (FPGA external) www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
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Transmit data that can be 1, 2, or 4 bytes wide, depending on the primitive used. TXDATA [7:0] is always the last byte transmitted. The position of the first byte depends on selected TX data path width. UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
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The port size changes with relation to the primitive selected, and also correlates to the byte mapping. External ports only accessible from package pins. Will be available in ISE 5.1. www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
Table 3-2 shows a brief description of each attribute. Table 3-3 Table 3-4 have the default values of each primitive. Table 3-2: RocketIO Transceiver Attributes Attribute Description ALIGN_COMMA_MSB TRUE/FALSE controls the alignment of detected commas within the transceiver’s 2-byte-wide data path.
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Chapter 3: Digital Design Considerations Table 3-2: RocketIO Transceiver Attributes (Continued) Attribute Description CHAN_BOND_OFFSET Integer 0-15 that defines offset (in bytes) from channel bonding sequence for realignment. It specifies the first elastic buffer read address that all channel- bonded transceivers have immediately after channel bonding.
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Primitive Attributes Table 3-2: RocketIO Transceiver Attributes (Continued) Attribute Description CLK_COR_KEEP_IDLE TRUE/FALSE controls whether or not the final byte stream must retain at least one clock correction sequence. FALSE: Transceiver can remove all clock correction sequences to further recenter the elastic buffer during clock correction.
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Chapter 3: Digital Design Considerations Table 3-2: RocketIO Transceiver Attributes (Continued) Attribute Description DEC_MCOMMA_DETECT TRUE/FALSE controls the raising of per-byte flag RXCHARISCOMMA on minus-comma. DEC_PCOMMA_DETECT TRUE/FALSE controls the raising of per-byte flag RXCHARISCOMMA on plus-comma. DEC_VALID_COMMA_ONLY TRUE/FALSE controls the raising of RXCHARISCOMMA on an invalid comma.
Modifiable Primitives Table 3-2: RocketIO Transceiver Attributes (Continued) Attribute Description RX_LOSS_OF_SYNC_FSM TRUE/FALSE denotes the nature of RXLOSSOFSYNC output. TRUE: RXLOSSOFSYNC outputs the state of the FSM bit. RXLOSSOFSYNC, page 26, for details. SERDES_10B Denotes whether the reference clock runs at 1/20 or 1/10 the serial bit rate.
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Modifiable attribute for specific primitives. Depends on primitive used: either 1, 2, or 4. CRC_EOP and CRC_SOP are not applicable for this primitive. Will be available in ISE 5.1. UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
REFCLK is connected to the REFCLK of the RocketIO transceiver. It also clocks a Digital Clock Manager (DCM) to generate all of the other clocks for the gigabit transceiver. Typically, TXUSRCLK = RXUSRCLK and TXUSRCLK2 = RXUSRCLK2.
Since CLK0 is needed for feedback, it can be used instead of CLK180 to clock USRCLK or USRCLK2 of the transceiver with the use of the transceiver’s local inverter, saving a global buffer (BUFG). UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
-- Components Declarations: component BUFG port ( I : in std_logic; O : out std_logic end component; component IBUFG port ( I : in std_logic; O : out std_logic www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
: in std_logic; USRCLK_M : out std_logic; USRCLK2_M : out std_logic; REFCLK : out std_logic; LOCK : out std_logic end FOUR_BYTE_CLK; architecture FOUR_BYTE_CLK_arch of FOUR_BYTE_CLK is -- Components Declarations: component BUFG UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
VHDL submodule DCM for 1-byte GT -- Device: Virtex-II Pro Family --------------------------------------------------------------------- library IEEE; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; -- pragma translate_off library UNISIM; use UNISIM.VCOMPONENTS.ALL; -- pragma translate_on entity ONE_BYTE_CLK is www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
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: out std_logic_vector ( 7 downto 0 ) end component; -- Signal Declarations: signal GND : std_logic; signal CLK0_W : std_logic; signal CLK1X_W : std_logic; signal CLK2X180_W : std_logic; begin <= '0'; UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
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DCM for 1-byte GT // Device: Virtex-II Pro Family module ONE_BYTE_CLK ( REFCLKIN, REFCLK, USRCLK_M, USRCLK2_M, DCM_LOCKED input REFCLKIN; output REFCLK; output USRCLK_M; output USRCLK2_M; output DCM_LOCKED; wire REFCLKIN; www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
BREFCLK At speeds of 2.5 Gb/s or greater, the REFCLK configuration introduces more than the maximum allowable jitter to the RocketIO transceiver. For these higher speeds, the BREFCLK configuration is required. The BREFCLK configuration uses dedicated routing resources that reduce jitter.
DCMs. The clocks are then multiplexed before input into the RocketIO transceiver. User logic can be designed to determine during autonegotiation if the reference clock used for the transceiver is incorrect.
UNISIM.VCOMPONENTS.ALL; -- pragma translate_on entity gt_reset is port ( USRCLK2_M : in std_logic; LOCK : in std_logic; REFCLK : out std_logic; DCM_LOCKED: in std_logic; : out std_logic); end gt_reset; www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
Elastic buffer skipped one clock correction sequence for current RXDATA Elastic buffer skipped two clock correction sequence for current RXDATA Elastic buffer skipped three clock correction sequence for current RXDATA www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
(alignment) sequence has just been written into the elastic buffer. 8B/10B Operation The RocketIO transceiver has the ability to encode eight bits into a 10-bit serial stream using standard 8B/10B encoding. This guarantees a DC-balanced, edge-rich serial stream, facilitating DC- or AC-coupling and clock recovery. If the 8B/10B encoding is disabled, the data is sent through in 10-bit blocks.
K28.5- K28.5- K28.5+ K28.5+ Instead of: K28.5+ K28.5- K28.5+ K28.5- K28.5- K28.5+ K28.5- K28.5+ The logic must assert TXCHARDISPVAL to cause the serial data to send out two negative running disparity characters. UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
K28.5- (or K28.5+) 0 1 0 1 10111100 K28.5- (or K28.5+) The RocketIO core receives this data but must have the CHAN_BOND_SEQ set with the disp_err bit set High for the cases when TXCHARDISPVAL is set High during data transmission.
Table 3-13. Parallel 8B/10B Serial First transmitted Last transmitted UG024_10_021102 Figure 3-12: 8B/10B Parallel to Serial Conversion UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
CRC, to test the CRC error logic. CRC Generation RocketIO transceivers support a 32-bit invariant CRC (fixed 32-bit polynomial shown below) for Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Infiniband, and user-defined modes. The CRC recognizes the SOP (Start of Packet), EOP (End of Packet), and other packet features to identify the beginning and end of data.
CRC Enabled CRC Limitations There are several limitations to the RocketIO CRC. First, CRC is not supported in byte- striped data. If byte-striped (channel bonding) is required, CRC must be computed in CLBs prior to the byte-striping. The CRC support of Infiniband is incomplete, because the 16-bit variant CRC must be done in the CLBs making the transceiver core CRC function redundant.
/K28.5/D21.5/ or /K28.5/D10.5/. When the RocketIO CRC determines that the running disparity must be inverted to satisfy Fibre Channel requirements, it will convert the second byte of the EOF frame delimiter (D21.4 or D10.4) to the value required to invert the running disparity (D21.5 or D10.5).
"channels." Among these primitives are GT_CUSTOM, GT_INFINIBAND, GT_XAUI, and GT_AURORA. To "bond" channels together, there is always one "master." The other channels can either be a SLAVE_1_HOP or SLAVE_2_HOPs. SLAVE_1_HOP is a slave to a UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
ENCHANSYNC Dynamic control as desired Tie High HDL Code Examples: Channel Bonding Code examples can be downloaded from the Virtex-II Pro Platform FPGA Handbook page on the Xilinx website. Go to: http://www.xilinx.com/publications/products/v2pro/handbook/index.htm www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
Other Important Design Notes Receive Data Path 32-bit Alignment The RocketIO transceiver uses the attribute ALIGN_COMMA_MSB to align protocol delimiters with the use of comma characters (special K characters K28.5, K28.1, and K28.7 for most protocols). Setting the ALIGN_COMMA_MSB to TRUE/FALSE determines where the comma characters appear on the RXDATA bus.
RXCHARISCOMMA for comma detection. Verilog /********************************************************************* XILINX IS PROVIDING THIS DESIGN, CODE, OR INFORMATION "AS IS" AS A COURTESY TO YOU, SOLELY FOR USE IN DEVELOPING PROGRAMS AND SOLUTIONS FOR XILINX DEVICES.
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// aligned_data[31:0] -- Properly aligned 32-bit ALIGNED_DATA // sync -- Indicator that aligned_data is properly aligned // aligned_rxisk[3:0] - poperly aligned 4 bit RXCHARISK // Inputs - These are all RocketIO inputs or outputs // as indicated: // usrclk2 -- RXUSRCLK2...
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@ ( posedge usrclk2 or posedge rxreset ) begin if ( rxreset ) begin rxdata_reg <= 16'h0000; aligned_data <= 32'h0000_0000; www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
-- * -- *********************************************************** -- *********************************************************** -- * -- * XILINX IS PROVIDING THIS DESIGN, CODE, OR INFORMATION "AS IS" -- * AS A COURTESY TO YOU, SOLELY FOR USE IN DEVELOPING PROGRAMS AND -- * SOLUTIONS FOR XILINX DEVICES.
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-- aligned_data[31:0] -- Properly aligned 32-std_logic ALIGNED_DATA -- sync -- Indicator that aligned_data is properly aligned -- aligned_rxisk[3:0] -properly aligned 4-std_logic RXCHARISK -- Inputs - These are all RocketIO inputs or outputs -- as indicated: -- usrclk2 -- RXUSRCLK2 -- rxreset -- RXRESET...
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IF ((rxreset OR rxrealign) = '1') THEN sync_hold <= '0'; ELSE IF (wait_to_sync = "0000")THEN IF ((rxchariscomma3 OR rxchariscomma1) = '1') THEN sync_hold <= '1'; END IF; END IF; END IF; END IF; UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
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<= '1'; ELSE rxdata_hold(31 DOWNTO 0) <= rxdata(31 DOWNTO 0); rxisk_hold(3 DOWNTO 0) <= rxisk(3 DOWNTO 0); END IF; END IF; END IF; END PROCESS; END ARCHITECTURE translated; www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
DATA CML Output Driver U024_06_020802 Figure 4-1: Differential Amplifier The RocketIO transceiver is implemented in Current Mode Logic (CML). A CML output consists of transistors configured as shown in Figure 4-1. CML uses a positive supply and offers easy interface requirements. In this configuration, both legs of the driver, V and V sink current, with one leg always sinking more current than its complement.
LOGIC or normal level (i.e., no pre-emphasis). A second characteristic of RocketIO transceiver pre-emphasis is that the STRONG level is reduced after some time to the LOGIC level, thereby minimizing the voltage swing necessary to switch the differential pair into the opposite state.
Pre-emphasis Techniques UG024_17_020802 Figure 4-2: Alternating K28.5+ with No Pre-Emphasis Logic High Strong High Logic Low Strong Low UG024_18_020802 Figure 4-3: K28.5+ with Pre-Emphasis UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
The serial transceiver input is locked to the input data stream through Clock and Data Recovery (CDR), a built-in feature of the RocketIO transceiver. CDR keys off the rising and falling edges of incoming data and derives a clock that is representative of the incoming data rate.
FIFO. The FIFO depth accounts for the slight phase difference between these two clocks. If the clocks are locked in frequency, then the FIFO acts much like a pass-through buffer. www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
Xilinx, Inc. Power Conditioning Each RocketIO transceiver has five power supply pins, all of which are sensitive to noise. Table 4-5, summarizes the power supply pins, their names, associated voltages, and power requirements.
1.8 V to 2.625 V. In cases where the RocketIO transceiver is interfacing with a transceiver from another vendor, termination voltage may be dictated by the specifications of the other transceiver.
High-Speed Serial Trace Design Routing Serial Traces All RocketIO transceiver I/Os are placed on the periphery of the BGA package to facilitate routing and inspection (since JTAG is not available on serial I/O pins). Two output/input impedance options are available in the RocketIO transceivers: 50Ω and 75Ω. Controlled UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002...
PCB routes carry especially noisy signals, such as TTL and other similarly noisy standards. The RocketIO transceiver is designed to function at 3.125 Gb/s through 20 inches of FR4 with two high-bandwidth connectors. Longer trace lengths require either a low-loss dielectric or considerably wider serial traces.
Some designs require AC coupling to accommodate hot plug-in, and/or differing power supply voltages at different transceivers. This is illustrated in Figure 4-13. 0DIFF UG024_23_020802 Figure 4-13: AC-Coupled Serial Link UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
8B/10B encoding is used. Different data rates and different encoding schemes may require a different value. DC coupling (direct connection) is preferable in cases where RocketIO transceivers are interfaced with other RocketIO transceivers or other Mindspeed transceivers that have compatible differential and common mode voltage specifications.
Other Important Design Notes Powering the RocketIO Transceivers IMPORTANT! All RocketIO transceivers in the FPGA, whether instantiated in the design or not, must be connected to power and ground. Unused transceivers may be powered by any 2.5 V source, and passive filtering is not required. Refer to...
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Chapter 4: Analog Design Considerations www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
(16) per chip. To ensure the timing is met on the link between the CHBONDO and CHBONDI ports, a constraint must be added to check the time delay. The UCF example below shows and describes this. UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide 1-800-255-7778...
6.4 ns – 0.2 ns – 2.0 ns = 4.2 ns This design used four RocketIO multi-gigabit transceivers, consisting of one master, two Slave_1_hop, and one Slave_2_hops. The net chbond_m_s01[3:0] connects the master and two Slave_1_hop. The net chbond_s1_s2[3:0] connects one Slave_1_hop and one Slave_2_hops.
Chapter 5: Simulation and Implementation Diagnostic Signals Often a diagnostic check is needed upon power-up. RocketIO transceivers have several inputs and outputs to run these checks. LOOPBACK LOOPBACK allows the user to send the data that is being transmitted directly to the receiver of the transceiver.
RocketIO core logic are ignored. Signals are characterized with setup and hold times for inputs, and with clock to valid output times for outputs. There are five clocks associated with the RocketIO core, but only three of these clocks— RXUSRCLK, RXUSRCLK2, and TXUSRCLK2—have I/Os that are synchronous to them.
Setup/Hold Times of Inputs Relative to Clock Basic Format: ParameterName_SIGNAL where ParameterName = T with subscript string defining the timing relationship SIGNAL name of RocketIO signal synchronous to the clock ParameterName Format: Setup time before clock edge GxCK Hold time after clock edge GCKx where...
The following four tables list the timing parameters as reported by the implementation tools relative to the clocks given in Table A-1, along with the RocketIO signals that are synchronous to each clock. (No signals are synchronous to REFCLK or TXUSRCLK.) A timing diagram (Figure A-2) illustrates the timing relationships.
Clock pulse width, High state TXUSRCLK TXPWH Clock pulse width, Low state TXUSRCLK TXPWL Notes: REFCLK is not synchronous to any RocketIO signals. TXUSRCLK is not synchronous to any RocketIO signals. UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 www.xilinx.com RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
GWL x GWH CLOCK GCCK GCKC CONTROL INPUTS GCKCO CONTROL OUTPUTS GCKDO DATA OUTPUTS GDCK GCKD DATA INPUTS UG012_106_02_100101 Figure A-2: RocketIO Transceiver Timing Relative to Clock Edge www.xilinx.com UG024 (v1.5) October 16, 2002 1-800-255-7778 RocketIO™ Transceiver User Guide...
Summary This appendix documents the RocketIO™ Multi-Gigabit Transceiver cell models. The following information lists the Verilog module declarations of the model and pins associated with each of the RocketIO communication standards available in the Virtex-II Pro family. Verilog Module Declarations...