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Garmin GPS 400 Pilot's Manual And Reference

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GPS 400
Pilot's Guide and Reference

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  • Page 1 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 3 Revised and Redrawn 11/06 Changed to 8 inch x 8.5 inch format. Added TERRAIN, Additional Features section, and misc. changes 2/07 Updated per Main SW v5.02 10/07 Updated per Main SW v5.03 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 4 Garmin® and AutoLocate® are registered trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries and may not be used without the express permission of Garmin. GDL™, GPS 400™, GTX™, PhaseTrac12™ and Spell’N’Find™ are trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries and may not be used without the express permission of Garmin.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    6.9 NDB Page..............6-14 Appendix A: Data Card Use ..........A-1 6.10 VOR Page..............6-14 6.11 User Waypoint Page ..........6-15 Appendix B: Specifications ...........B-1 Appendix C: Troubleshooting Q & A ......C-1 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 6 Always use pressure altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in the aircraft. WARNING: The Jeppesen database used in the GPS 400 system must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information remains current. Updates are released every 28 days. A database information packet is included in the GPS 400 package.
  • Page 7 WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: Use the GPS 400,Weather Data Link Interface,TIS, and TERRAIN at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of the GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide documentation and the Flight Manual Supplement. Thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use. During flight operations, carefully compare indications from the GPS 400 to all available navigation sources, including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc.
  • Page 8 Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software, or to offer a full refund of the purchase price, at its sole discretion.

  • Page 9: Section 1: Introduction

    INTRODUCTION SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION The Garmin dealer installs and configures the GPS 400. The GPS 400 is secured in the installation rack with the proper wiring connections performed. After 1.1 ACCESSORIES AND PACKING LIST installation, the NavData Card and the TERRAIN Data Card are installed into their correct slots on the front of Congratulations on choosing the finest, most advanced...

  • Page 10: Key And Knob Functions

    Experiment with the unit and refer to the reference sections for more information. The GPS 400 is designed to make operation as simple Data is entered using the large and small knobs. as possible. The key and knob descriptions (Figure Experiment with them to become efficient at entering data.
  • Page 11 Use the up arrow to zoom out to a larger area, operating the GPS 400 in flight. or the down arrow to zoom in to a smaller area. The MENU Key displays a context-sensitive list of options.
  • Page 12 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Bottom Row Keys NOTE: When the GPS 400 displays a list of information that is too long for the display The NRST Key displays the Nearest Airports Page. screen, a scroll bar appears along the right-hand Then, turning the small right knob steps through the side of the display (Figure 1-3).

  • Page 13: Takeoff Tour

    Aviation Data Page, the Land/Terrain/Obstacles Database the GPS 400. Prior to using the GPS 400 for the first Page, and the Situational Awareness Page are sequentially time, Garmin recommends that the aircraft be moved to a displayed.
  • Page 14 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION The Database Versions Page (Figure 1-5) appears To ensure that the GPS 400 and any connected next, which shows the current database information instruments are working properly, check for the following on the NavData Card and Terrain Data cards. Database...
  • Page 15 Once instrument operation has been verified with the Instrument Panel Self-test Page displayed, press the ENT Key. NOTE: The GPS 400 can hold up to nine checklists Figure 1-8 ‘Set Full Fuel?’ Highlighted with up to 30 entries in each checklist.
  • Page 16 ‘bar graph’ readings. This is a good indication that the unit is receiving signals and a position fix is being determined. Following the first-time use of the GPS 400, the time required for a position fix varies, usually from one to two minutes.
  • Page 17 The Default NAV Page, the Map Page, and the NAV/ COM Page are used for most of the in-flight navigation. NOTE: *The NAV Page Group may have eight or nine NAV pages available when the GPS 400 installation includes connection to traffic and/or Position of weather information sources.
  • Page 18 To change the map range, press the up arrow (to zoom out) or the down arrow (to zoom in) of the RNG (map After the GPS 400 acquires satellites and computes range) Key. The current map range is depicted in the a position, the Map Page (Figure 1-13) appears lower left corner of the Map Display.
  • Page 19 Data Fields Figure 1-18 ‘Select Field Type’ Window Figure 1-16 Default NAV Page Press the ENT Key to select the desired data item and return to the Default NAV Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 1-11...
  • Page 20 Figure 1-20 Airport Window Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired airport and press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 1-12 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 21 (when using SIDs) or arrival (when using approaches or STARs) airport. Turn the small right knob to select the desired procedure and press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 1-13...
  • Page 22 (Figure The communication frequencies and runway 1-24). information may both be examined directly from the Nearest Airport Page. Figure 1-24 Scrolling the Nearest Airport List 190-00140-60 Rev. E 1-14 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 23 The pilot will still have the option of returning to the flight plan by cancelling the direct-to; see Section 3.1, Cancelling Direct-to Navigation. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 1-15...
  • Page 24 Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the large right knob to select the desired airspace from the list. Press the ENT Key to view the airspace information. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 1-16 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 25 Since using flight plans is arguably one of the more complex features of the GPS 400, it will only be discussed The GPS 400 lets the pilot create up to 20 flight plans, briefly here, with focus on creating a new flight plan and with up to 31 waypoints in each flight plan.
  • Page 26 Press the MENU Key to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu. Turn the small right knob to select ‘Activate Flight Plan?’ (Figure 1-33) and press the ENT Figure 1-33 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 190-00140-60 Rev. E 1-18 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 27: Section 2: Nav Pages

    (indicated by a highlighted square icon). The bottom right corner of the screen is also used to display the GPS 400’ s turn advisories (‘Turn to 230°’) and waypoint alerts (‘Next DTK 230°’) during flight plan and approach operations. See Section 5 for more information.

  • Page 28: Nav

    NOTE: The NAV Page Group may have eight or based upon the current phase of flight: enroute, terminal nine NAV pages available when the GPS 400 area, or approach. The pilot may also manually select the installation includes connection to traffic and/or desired scale setting as outlined in Section 8.4.
  • Page 29 SECTION 2 NAV PAGES Selecting Desired On-Screen Data NOTE: The GPS 400 always navigates TO a waypoint unless the OBS switch is set (preventing At the bottom of the Default NAV Page there are six automatic waypoint sequencing), or the aircraft user-definable fields which display the data needed as...
  • Page 30 Press the small right knob momentarily to this option. remove the cursor from the page. Use the large right knob to highlight the data field to be changed (Figure 2-5). Figure 2-5 ‘DIS’ Field Highlighted 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 31: Map Page

    Current Page Group Figure 2-8 Map Page Figure 2-7 Default NAV Page Menu NOTE: If the GPS 400 is unable to determine Dual Unit Considerations a GPS position, the present position (airplane) symbol does not appear on the Map Page.
  • Page 32 The range is indicated in the lower left-hand corner of the Map Display (Figure 2-8), and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the Map Display. Figure 2-9 Overzoom on Map Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 33 Section 2.4. The pilot may also remove the the present position, press the small right four data fields from the map to show a larger map image, knob. as described in Section 2.4. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 34 ‘+MAP’ (Figure 2-13) is created at the target pointer location before the direct-to is initiated. Figure 2-12 Information for On-Screen Waypoint Press the CLR Key to exit the information page(s). 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 35 ‘Frequencies?’ and press the ENT Key. Press the CLR Key to return to the Airspace Information Page. Press the CLR Key to exit the Airspace Figure 2-14 Select Airspace with Target Pointer Information Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 36 SECTION 2 NAV PAGES Map Setup Table 2-4 lists the settings available for each group: Many of the GPS 400’ s functions are menu driven. Group Available Settings Each of the main pages has an options menu, allowing Orientation, AutoZoom, Land Data, customization of the page to the pilot’...
  • Page 37 Select ‘DTK up’ to fix the top of the Map Display to the desired course. b) Select ‘North up’ to fix the top of the Map Figure 2-19 Map Setup Page Display to a north heading. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 2-11...
  • Page 38 ENT Key. Turn the large right knob to highlight the appropriate field. Turn the small right knob to select ‘On’ or ‘Off’. Press the ENT Key to accept the selected option. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 2-12 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 39 Figure 2-20 Map Page Menu Press the ENT Key, an on-screen reference pointer appears on the Map Display at the Figure 2-22 Full Screen Map present position. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 2-13...
  • Page 40 ‘Change Fields?’ (Figure 2- additional data types. Traffic information is only 23) and press the ENT Key. available when the GPS 400 installation includes connection to traffic information sources. See Section 10, Additional Features. Restoring Factory Settings ‘Restore Defaults?’...

  • Page 41: Terrain Page

    Within 100’ Below Aircraft Altitude) Indicator GPS-derived NOTE: The TERRAIN Page does not appear on MSL Altitude GPS 400 units that are not properly equipped with or configured for TERRAIN. See Section 9 for a full description of TERRAIN functions. TERRAIN Page Position of...
  • Page 42 RNG Key to select the desired range: 1 nm, 2 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm (Figure 2-29). Display Range Field Figure 2-29 TERRAIN Display Range 190-00140-60 Rev. E 2-16 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 43: Inhibit Mode

    NOTE: If an obstacle and the projected flight path of the aircraft intersect, the display automatically functional again. zooms in to the closest potential point of impact on the TAWS Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 2-17...

  • Page 44: Nav/Com Page

    (when applicable) Position of Figure 2-35 Airport Window Current Page within Current Page Group Frequency Type Current Page Number of Pages in Current Page Group Group Figure 2-34 NAV/COM Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E 2-18 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 45 • ‘TX’ - transmit only • ‘RX’ - receive only Figure 2-38 Restriction Information Page • ‘PT’ - part time frequency To return to the NAV/COM Page, press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 2-19...

  • Page 46: Position Page

    MSA is calculated from the information contained in the database and generally takes into account mountains, Figure 2-41 Select Field Type Window buildings, and other permanent features. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 2-20 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 47 Press the ENT Key to confirm the selected waypoints. Press the small right knob to remove the cursor. Figure 2-42 Waypoint Type Field Highlighted Figure 2-44 Reference Waypoint Field Highlighted 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 2-21...
  • Page 48 Figure 2-46 Position Page Menu Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page. Turn the large right knob to highlight ‘Restore Defaults?’ and press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 2-22 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 49: Satellite Status Page

    Satellite ID Numbers Signal Strength Bars Figure 2-48 Hollow Signal Strength Bars Excluded Satellite Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 2-23...
  • Page 50 (solid signal strength bar, see Figure 2-47). Once the GPS Level (HUL) figures. DOP measures satellite geometry receiver has determined the current position, the GPS 400 quality (i.e., number of satellites received and where they indicates position, track, and ground speed on the other are relative to each other) on a scale from one to ten.

  • Page 51: Vertical Navigation Page

    NOTE: To use the vertical navigation features, ground speed must be greater than 35 knots The GPS 400’ s Vertical Navigation Page (the last NAV and the pilot must be navigating to a direct-to page, see Figure 2-49) allows the pilot to create a three- destination or using a flight plan.
  • Page 52 (Figure 2-53) and press the ENT Key. If the target altitude should occur at the target reference waypoint, enter a distance of zero. Figure 2-54 VS Profile Field Selected Figure 2-53 Reference Distance Selected 190-00140-60 Rev. E 2-26 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 53 ENT Key. they are off by default. Turning the messages off allows the pilot to keep the previous profile settings, without having them generate messages when the feature is not needed. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 2-27...
  • Page 54 SECTION 2 NAV PAGES Blank Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E 2-28 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 55: Section 3: Direct-To Navigation

    Once Figure 3-2 Waypoint Identifier Field Selected a direct-to is activated, the GPS 400 establishes a point-to- point course line (great circle) from the present position to Press the ENT Key to confirm the selected the selected direct-to destination.
  • Page 56 (Figure 3-5). When In addition to selecting a destination by identifier, the spelling the facility name or city, the GPS 400’s Select Direct-to Waypoint Page (Figure 3-4) also allows the Spell’N’Find feature selects the first entry in the...
  • Page 57 Press the ENT Key to confirm the selected waypoint, and press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to function. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 58 Figure 3-10 Nearest List c) Press the Direct-to Key followed by the ENT Key twice. Figure 3-9 Single Waypoint Displayed a) Press the Direct-to Key. b) Press the ENT Key twice. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 59 Selecting a Direct-to destination from the Map Cancelling Direct-to Navigation Page Once a direct-to is activated, the GPS 400 provides navigation guidance to the selected destination until the Direct-to destinations may also be selected from the direct-to is replaced with a new direct-to or flight plan, Map Page.
  • Page 60 Specifying a Course to a Waypoint Turn the small and large right knobs to select the desired course (Figure 3-14) and press the When performing a direct-to, the GPS 400 sets a direct ENT Key. great circle course to the selected destination. The course to the destination can also be manually defined using the...

  • Page 61: Section 4: Flight Plans

    4.1 FLIGHT PLAN CATALOG PAGE The Flight Plan Catalog Page (Figure 4-1) allows The GPS 400 lets the pilot create up to 20 different the pilot to create, edit, activate, delete, and copy flight flight plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each flight plan.
  • Page 62 Turn the large right knob to select the point to add the new waypoint. If an existing waypoint Figure 4-7 Edited Flight Plan Page is highlighted, the new waypoint is placed directly in front of this waypoint (Figure 4-5). 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 63 Flight Plan Key when finished. Catalog Page. Figure 4-8 Comment Line Selected Once all changes have been made, press the small right knob to return to the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 64 Flight Plan?’ and press the ENT Key (Figure Key. The original flight plan remains intact in 4-9). its flight plan catalog storage location. Figure 4-9 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu Figure 4-10 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 65 flight plan number, use the small and large right knobs to enter a different number and press the ENT Key. With ‘Yes?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to copy the flight plan. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 66: Flight Plan Catalog Options

    Crossfill? Allows the pilot to transfer a Direct-to destination, the active flight plan, any stored flight plan or user waypoints to a second 400/500-series Garmin unit. Some crossfill operations can be done automatically If both units are set to ‘auto’, a change in the direct-to destination or active flight plan on one unit is seen on the other For additional information, see following procedure (in this section) or Section 8.2, Flight...
  • Page 67 ‘Manual’ and press the ENT Key. ‘Auto’ Transfer?’ and press the ENT Key. automatically transfers the active flight plan or Direct-to selection to another 400/500-series Garmin unit, without user intervention. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 68 Figure 4-16 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu A confirmation window appears (Figure 4-17). Figure 4-18 Flight Plan Catalog Page Menu With ‘Yes?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. Figure 4-17 Delete All Flight Plans Window 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 69: Active Flight Plan Page

    Figure 4-19), along with the Press the MENU Key (Figure 4-20). desired track (DTK) and distance (DIS) for each leg. Figure 4-20 Active Flight Plan Page Menu Figure 4-19 Active Flight Plan Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 70 (see Section 5.1 for information on selecting departures using the PROC Key) Select Departure* When using a direct-to, the GPS 400 uses the nearest airport as a reference when displaying available departures Remove Approach* Deletes the currently selected approach from the active flight plan...
  • Page 71 (Figure 4-22) and press the ENT A confirmation window appears. With Key. ‘Activate?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. Figure 4-22 Select Field Type Window Press the small right knob to remove the cursor. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 4-11...
  • Page 72 For precision approaches, a reminder window Figure 4-25 Approach Window appears indicating that GPS guidance on such approaches is strictly for monitoring only. To confirm this reminder, highlight ‘Yes?’ and press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 4-12 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 73 Turn the small right knob to highlight the desired transition Figure 4-28 Arrivals Window waypoint and press the ENT Key. With ‘Load?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 4-13...
  • Page 74 Figure 4-32 Closest Point of Flight Plan Window A confirmation window appears listing the procedure to be removed. With ‘Yes?’ The GPS 400 displays the bearing (BRG) and highlighted, press the ENT Key. distance (DIST) to the closest point along the flight plan, from the selected reference waypoint.
  • Page 75 Press the CLR Key to display a confirmation window (Figure 4-35). Figure 4-33 Highlight Item To Be Deleted Figure 4-35 Remove Waypoint Window With ‘Yes?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to remove the selected procedure. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 4-15...
  • Page 76 Press the Direct-to Key twice to display an ‘Activate Leg’ confirmation window (Figure 4-37). Figure 4-38 Procedure Header Highlighted Figure 4-37 Activate Leg Window With ‘Activate?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 4-16 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 77: Section 5: Procedures

    All available approaches are stored on the Jeppesen NavData Card, and are automatically updated when the new card is inserted into the GPS 400. Subscription information for NavData cards is included in the GPS 400 package.
  • Page 78 flown by tuning an external VLOC receiver to the proper With ‘Yes?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. frequency and coupling the VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI). Figure 5-4 ‘GPS’ Designations Figure 5-6 Confirmation Window 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 79: Non-Precision Approach Operations

    ENT Key. NDB, RNAV, etc.) more accurately using GPS. Many overlay approaches are complex (in comparison to GPS-only approaches). The GPS 400 displays and guides the pilot through each leg of the approach, automatically sequencing through each of these legs, up to the missed approach point (MAP).
  • Page 80 ‘Select’ and ‘Load’ the approach and skip the load process outlined approach in the preceding step 3. The GPS 400 provides both options. Approaches with Procedure Turns ‘Activate’ the The procedure turn portion of an approach is stored approach as one of the legs of the approach.
  • Page 81 Figure 5-10 NAV/COM Page Figure 5-12 Approach and Transitions Windows Press the PROC Key, select ‘ActivateApproach?’ and press the ENT Key to activate the approach. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 82 (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (‘TURN TO 205°’). Dial the outbound course of 205° into the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 83 Figure 5-18 Sequence to Inbound Leg  Turn to the final approach course.  Within 2.0 nm of the FAF (LYH), the GPS 400 switches from terminal mode to approach mode. CDI scaling is tightened from 1.0 to  0.3 nm, full scale deflection.
  • Page 84 After passing the MAP, if the runway is not in sight Figure 5-19 Sequence to MAP the pilot must execute a missed approach. The GPS 400 continues to give guidance along an extension of the final NOTE: When viewing the Map Page, note that course segment (FAF to MAP) until the pilot manually the final course segment is displayed in magenta...
  • Page 85 Figure 5-24 Hold Timer Follow the missed approach procedures, as published on the approach plate, for proper The GPS 400 provides course guidance only climb and heading instructions. The GPS 400 on the inbound side of the holding pattern. provides guidance to the holding pattern, along When leaving the holding pattern to re-fly...
  • Page 86 The pilot may review the approach sequence by pressing the small right knob and turning the large right knob. Press the FPL Key to Figure 5-26 Select Direct-To Waypoint Page return to the navigation pages. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 5-10 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 87 10) When crossing the IAF, ‘SUSP’ appears above As in the last example, within 30 nm of the the OBS Key (Figure 5-32), indicating that airport, the GPS 400 switches from enroute to automatic sequencing of approach waypoints terminal mode, and the CDI scale transitions is temporarily suspended.
  • Page 88 Section 5.2. Figure 5-34 Waypoint Alert 12) At 2.0 nm from the FAF (DEPOY intersection), the GPS 400 switches from terminal mode to DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION approach mode. CDI scaling is tightened from 1.0 to 0.3 nm, full scale deflection.
  • Page 89 Figure 5-36 Missed Approach flight plan always appears in magenta) and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP. Do not follow this extended course. Instead, follow published missed approach procedures. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 5-13...
  • Page 90 NOTE: As this manual was being written, the letter/number DME arc names were being replaced with standard five-letter intersection Figure 5-39 Procedures Page names. Either naming convention may be used for an approach. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 5-14 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 91 10°, a Refer to Figure 5-41 for the following steps. ‘Set course to ###°’ message appears on the Within 30 nm of KTOP, the GPS 400 switches Message Page. from enroute mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale transitions from 5.0 to 1.0 nm, full...
  • Page 92 (Figure 5-46). Select this course on the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob. Figure 5-46 Final Approach Fix 190-00140-60 Rev. E 5-16 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 93 final approach course. There are several ways to select ‘vectors to final’ with the GPS 400. The first two options below normally require the least workload to accomplish: • When the approach is first selected, choose Figure 5-47 Final Course Segment ‘VECTORS’...
  • Page 94 (magenta is used to depict the active leg of the 5.1. flight plan) and ‘VTF’ appears as part of the active leg on the Default NAV Page (as a reminder that the approach was activated with vectors-to-final). 190-00140-60 Rev. E 5-18 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 95 ATC instructs the pilot to turn right to a heading Figure 5-52 for the following steps): of 175° to intercept the final approach course. Within 30 nm of KTOP, the GPS 400 switches When converging with the final approach course from enroute mode to terminal mode and the the needle moves toward the center.
  • Page 96 Figure 5-57 Approach Mode When approaching the FAF, a waypoint alert (‘NEXT DTK 214°’) appears in the lower right corner (Figure 5-58). Figure 5-59 Final Approach 190-00140-60 Rev. E 5-20 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 97  the Jeppesen database contain course from fix flight plan   legs. The GPS 400 is able to load these legs into the flight plan along with the rest of the procedure data, and pro-   vide navigation along these legs.
  • Page 98 1.0 to 0.3 nm, full scale deflection. When approaching the FAF, ‘NEXT DTK 265°’ appears in the lower right corner of the screen. After crossing the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (MA25). 190-00140-60 Rev. E 5-22 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 99 Note that within a few seconds of pressing the OBS Key to release suspend mode and start the approach sequence, ‘SUSP’ re-appears above the OBS Key as the GPS 400 returns to suspend mode. This is normal when flying a course from fix to altitude leg and indicates that automatic leg sequencing is suspended.
  • Page 100 Default NAV Page. The timer automatically resets on each outbound and inbound portion of the holding pattern. Note that the GPS 400 again displays ‘SUSP’ above the OBS Key. Automatic waypoint sequencing is suspended at the missed approach holding point. A waypoint alert (‘APPRCHING WPT’) appears in the lower right...
  • Page 101 Page, the Default NAV Page (Figure 5-71), and the Map Page is FROM the waypoint fix (the departure runway in this example). DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Figure 5-69 Coastal One Departure Figure 5-71 Default NAV Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 5-25...

  • Page 102: Points To Remember For All Approaches

    APPROACHES Confirm that ‘SUSP’ no longer appears directly above the OBS Key. An alert (‘NEXT DTK • The GPS 400 is designed to complement printed 186°’) appears in the lower right corner of the approach plates and vastly improve situational screen (Figure 5-72) to provide guidance to the awareness throughout the approach.

  • Page 103: Section 6: Wpt Pages

    Turn the large right knob to select the WPT Section 2 introduced the GPS 400’ s main page groups Page Group. ‘WPT’ appears in the lower right (Table 6-1)—NAV, WPT, AUX, NRST—and described corner of the screen.
  • Page 104 (city) field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired To remove the flashing cursor, press the small character (Figure 6-2). right knob. Figure 6-2 Airport Location Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 105 When entering an identifier, facility name, or location, the GPS 400’ s Spell’N’Find feature scrolls through the database, displaying those waypoints matching the characters that have been entered to that point.

  • Page 106: Airport Location Page

    Airport Identifier, Symbol, and Type Field Elevation and Available Fuels Airspace Type Best Available Approach Current Page Group Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 107: Airport Runway Page

    Press the ENT Key to display information for the selected runway on the Airport Runway Page (Figure 6-11). Figure 6-11 Airport Runway Page To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 108: Airport Frequency Page

    (Figure 6-13). If there are more frequencies in the list than can be displayed on the screen, a scroll bar (Figure 6-12) along the right-hand side of the screen indicates the cursor’s position within the list. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 109 Center Clearance Gate Control Ground Helicopter Multicom Pre-taxi Radar Ramp Other Tower Unicom Navigation frequencies: Figure 6-14 ‘Info’ Designation Highlighted Press the ENT Key to display the restriction information (Figure 6-15). 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 110: Airport Approach Page

    Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the approach (APR) procedure name field (Figure 6-16). Figure 6-18 Transitions Window Press the ENT Key. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 111 FPL Key to return to the Airport Procedures Page. To load and activate an approach from the Airport Approach Page, follow the steps above, but select ‘Load and Activate?’ in step 3. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 112: Airport Arrival Page

    Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the arrival (ARVL) procedure name field (Figure 6-21). Figure 6-23 Transitions Window Press the ENT Key. The cursor moves to the runway field. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 6-10 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 113 Press the ENT Key. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob. Figure 6-25 Airport Arrival Page Menu The Active Flight Plan Page appears. Press the FPL Key to return to the Airport Arrival Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 6-11...

  • Page 114: Airport Departure Page

    Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired transition. Press the ENT Key. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 6-12 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 115: Intersection Page

    NOTE: The VOR displayed on the Intersection Page is the nearest VOR, not necessarily the VOR used to define the intersection. Intersections may only be selected by identifier, as described in Section 6.1. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 6-13...

  • Page 116: Ndb Page

    As mentioned in Section 6.1, VORs may be selected by identifier, facility name, or location (city). The VOR frequency is provided for reference only to help quickly tune the external VLOC receiver to the selected VOR’ s frequency. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 6-14 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 117: User Waypoint Page

    Jeppesen NavData Card, waypoint, simply enter its name (identifier) and position, the GPS 400 allows the pilot to store up to 1,000 user- or reference another waypoint by radial and distance. defined waypoints. The User Waypoint Page (Figure 6-33) displays the waypoint name (up to five characters...
  • Page 118 The cursor moves to the distance (DIS) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the distance from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint. Press the ENT Key to accept the selected distance. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 6-16 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 119 Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. Creating Reference Waypoints The GPS 400 allows the pilot to create a new user waypoint at a defined radial and distance from the present position. To reference the present position, follow the preceding steps, but press the CLR Key in Step 4.
  • Page 120 Figure 6-41 Position Field Selected The cursor moves to the ‘Modify?’ action field. Press the ENT Key to modify the waypoint. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 6-18 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 121 ‘from’ or ‘to’ waypoint in the active flight knobs to change the radial from the reference plan, the GPS 400 alerts the pilot with the ‘Can’t waypoint, if desired. Press the ENT Key to change an active waypoint’ or ‘Waypoint is active accept the selected radial.
  • Page 122 Figure 6-47 User Waypoint Page Menu ‘Crossfill?’ allows the pilot to transfer a user waypoint to another 400/500-series unit (if installed). Please refer to Sections 4.1 and 8.1 for detailed information on crossfill. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 6-20 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 123 To exit the User Waypoint Page, turn the large right knob to highlight ‘Done?’ and press the ENT Key. Figure 6-50 Rename Waypoint Window 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 6-21...
  • Page 124 With ‘Yes?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to is displayed (Figure 6-53). With ‘Yes?’ delete the selected user waypoint. highlighted, press the ENT Key to delete all user waypoints from memory. Figure 6-53 Delete All Waypoints Window 190-00140-60 Rev. E 6-22 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 125: Section 7: Nrst Pages

    7.1 NRST PAGE GROUP (see Figure 7-2). Section 2.1 introduced the GPS 400’ s main page groups (Table 7-1)—NAV, WPT, AUX, NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. This fourth page group...
  • Page 126 Figure 7-4 Nearest FSS Page Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. Scroll Figure 7-3 Nearest Airport Page Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 127 Direct-to Waypoint Page (Figure 7-6). The NRST pages can be used in conjunction with the GPS 400’ s direct-to function to quickly set a course to a nearby facility, and can provide navigation to the nearest airport in case of an in-flight emergency.

  • Page 128: Nearest Airport Page

    7-10). impossible to land upon. See Section 8.5, Setup 2 Page: Nearest Airport Criteria for additional details. Figure 7-10 Airport Location Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 129: Nearest Intersection Page

    Current Page Group Number of Pages in that ‘Done?’ is highlighted by the flashing Current Page Group cursor and press the ENT Key (or press the Figure 7-12 Nearest Intersection Page CLR Key). 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 130: Nearest Ndb Page

    Section 7.1. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list, highlighting the identifier of the desired VOR (Figure 7-15). 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 131: Nearest User Waypoint Page

    ENT Key (or press the CLR Key). Number of Pages in Current Page Group Current Page Group Press the small right knob to remove the Figure 7-16 Nearest User Waypoint Page flashing cursor. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 132: Nearest Center (Artcc) Page

    Current Page Group Figure 7-17 Nearest ARTCC Page Position of Current Page within Current Page Group Current Page Group Number of Pages in Current Page Group Figure 7-18 Nearest FSS Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 133: Nearest Airspace Page

    • If the aircraft is within two nautical miles of an airspace and the current course will not take the aircraft inside, the message ‘Near airspace less than 2nm’ appears. The Nearest Airspace Page shows the airspace as ‘Ahead < 2nm’. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 134 To return to the Nearest Airspace Page, verify that ‘Done?’ is highlighted by the flashing cursor and press the ENT Key. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. Figure 7-22 Nearest Airspace Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E 7-10 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 135 An altitude buffer is also provided on the Airspace Alarms Page to provide an extra margin of safety above/below the published limits (Section 8.4, Setup 1 Page: Airspace Alarms for additional details). 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 7-11...
  • Page 136 SECTION 7 NRST PAGES Blank Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E 7-12 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 137: Section 8: Aux Pages

    8.1 AUX PAGE GROUP any of the main pages are already displayed, this step may be skipped. Section 2.1 introduced the GPS 400’ s main page groups (Table 8-1)—NAV, WPT, AUX, NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. The third page group (AUX) allows the pilot to change unit settings.

  • Page 138: Flight Planning Page

    (via menu options) to fuel planning, trip planning, density altitude/true airspeed/winds aloft calculations, and a ‘Crossfill’ function to transfer flight plans/user waypoints to a second GPS 400. When a menu option is selected, the corresponding page appears providing additional information and features.
  • Page 139 One-time messages appear once the timer expires and reappear each time the GPS 400 is powered on, until the message is deleted. Periodic messages automatically reset to the original timer value, once the message is displayed.
  • Page 140 Figure 8-8 Fuel Planning Page Menu NOTE: The ‘Change Fields?’ option above is only available on GPS 400 installations which include a Shadin fuel computer. In these installations, use the ‘Change Fields?’ option to review separate Figure 8-10 Fuel Planning Page Flight Plan fuel information for left and right engines.
  • Page 141 Figure 8-13 Select Field Type Window • LFOB - Left-over fuel on board • LRES - Left-over fuel reserve time • EFF - Efficiency, expressed in distance per fuel units (e.g., nautical miles per gallon) 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 142 MENU Key to display the Flight Planning Page Menu for the other leg mode, then press the ENT Key to accept the other leg mode. Figure 8-15 Trip Planning Page, Flight Plan Leg 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 143 (CAS) field (Figure 8-18). Use the small and large right knobs to enter the airspeed from the airspeed indicator. Press the ENT Key when finished. Figure 8-16 Trip Planning Page Figure 8-18 Calibrated Airspeed Field Selected 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 144 (such as an airdata sensor) to provide any of the Figure 8-22 Flight Pan Page Menu variables above, the Density Alt/TAS/Winds Page data defaults to the values provided by these components. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 145 Turn the small right knob to select ‘Auto’ or ‘Manual’ (Figure 8-23). ‘Auto’ automatically transfers any selection of (or any change to) a direct-to destination or active flight plan to a second 400/500-series Garmin unit. Figure 8-25 Transfer Window 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 146 ENT Key. the message text. Press the ENT Key when For a specified user waypoint (‘User Waypoint’ finished. (The GPS 400 stores up to nine data option), the waypoint identifier field is scheduled messages holding 20 characters highlighted. Use the small and large right each.)
  • Page 147 Time is entered as hours/minutes/seconds (hhh:mm:ss). Event- based messages expire at a specific date and time. Press the ENT Key when finished. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-11...

  • Page 148: Utility Page

    Selecting a menu option from the Utility recording can be configured to run either any time Page: GPS 400 power is on, or only when ground speed Press the small right knob momentarily, to exceeds 30 knots. activate the flashing cursor (Figure 8-29).
  • Page 149 GPS satellite coverage may be waypoint at any time and date. Receiver sufficient, but the GPS 400 has detected a position Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) error which exceeds protection limits. In this...
  • Page 150 Press the ENT Key when finished. (Up to nine different checklists can be created and stored in the GPS 400.) Figure 8-35 Desired Checklist Item Highlighted Use the small and large right knobs to enter...
  • Page 151 MENU Key to display an options menu. Turn the large right knob to select ‘Sort List By Entry?’ or ‘Sort List By Name?’ and press the ENT Key. Figure 8-37 Count Window 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-15...
  • Page 152 To reset the total trip time, turn the large right reset mode (Figure 8-38). ‘Pwr-on’ records a knob to highlight ‘Reset?’ (Figure 8-39) and departure time when the GPS 400 is turned press the ENT Key. on. ‘GS>30kt’ records a departure time once the GPS-computed ground speed exceeds 30 knots.
  • Page 153 Reset All? - Resets all trip statistics readouts Figure 8-43 RAIM Prediction Page Figure 8-41 Trip Statistics Page Menu Turn the large right knob to select the desired reset option and press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-17...
  • Page 154 The flashing cursor moves to ‘Compute RAIM?’ (Figure 8-44). Press the ENT Key to begin RAIM prediction. Once calculations are complete, the GPS 400 displays one of the following in the RAIM status field: Figure 8-45 Sunrise Sunset Highlighted •...
  • Page 155 The Software Versions Page (Figure 8-48) displays software version information for each of the various Utility Page: Terrain Database Versions subsystems contained within the GPS 400. This page is for information purposes only—no user functions are The Terrain Database Versions Page (Figure 8-50) available from this page.

  • Page 156: Setup 1 Page

    (Figure 8-52), and press the ENT • ‘CDI/Alarms’ - Allows the pilot to define the scale Key (Figure 8-53). for the GPS 400’ s on-screen course deviation indicator. The scale values represent full scale deflection for the CDI to either side (Figure 8-54).
  • Page 157 flight. For example, if 1.0 nm is selected, measure. This setting applies to distance, speed, the GPS 400 uses this for the enroute and altitude, fuel, pressure, and temperature. Also terminal phase and ramp down to 0.3 nm during provides three magnetic variation (heading) an approach.
  • Page 158 • ‘Position/Map Datum’ - Configures position readout information to the desired position Setting the airspace warning messages or format. The map datum used in the GPS 400 changing the altitude buffer: is WGS 84. Note that using a map datum that does not match the charts can result in significant...
  • Page 159 Press the ENT Key to accept the selected scale. The ‘System CDI’ field displays the CDI scale currently in use. The ‘System CDI’ setting may differ from the ‘Selected CDI’ depending upon the current phase of flight. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-23...
  • Page 160 field (to the immediate right of ‘User’). Use the small and large right knobs to enter the desired magnetic variation direction and value. Press the ENT Key when finished. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 8-24 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 161 Turn the small right knob to select the desired Universal Polar Stereographic grids units of measure for the selected category. Press the ENT Key to accept the selection. Press the ENT Key to accept the selected format. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-25...
  • Page 162 Figure 8-66 Map Datum WGS 84 Figure 8-67 Time Format Window Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired time format. Press the ENT Key to accept the selection. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 8-26 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 163 United States, all local time offsets use minus, or behind UTC. Press the ENT Key to accept the selected Figure 8-69 Date/Time Page Menu offset. With ‘Restore Defaults?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-27...

  • Page 164: Setup 2 Page

    (bearing, course to steer, distance, etc.) is displayed along the left-hand side of the display. If the GPS 400 is interfaced with a traffic information device (see Section 10), thumbnail traffic can be configured for display in Figure 8-71 Nearest Airport Criteria Highlighted place of two of the data fields.
  • Page 165 If ‘Manual’ is selected, the flashing cursor moves to the backlight level field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired level. Press the ENT Key to accept the selection. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-29...
  • Page 166 (Figure 8-79). The available data small and large right knobs to enter the options are listed in Table 8-4. desired length. Press the ENT Key when finished. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 8-30 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 167 Figure 8-81 AUX CONFIG Window Press the ENT Key to accept the data type. Press the small right knob to remove the cursor and return to the Setup 2 Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 8-31...
  • Page 168 Figure 8-83 Data Field Configuration Page Menu Configuration Field is only available if the GPS 400 is configured for interface with a traffic With ‘Restore Defaults?’ highlighted, press the information device (see Section 10). ENT Key. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 8-32 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 169: Section 9: Terrain

    flight into terrain (CFIT). TERRAIN navigation or to maneuver to avoid obstacles. functionality is a standard feature found in GPS 400 units Terrain information is based on terrain elevation with main software version 5.01 or above, along with information in a database that may contain inaccuracies.
  • Page 170 “predict” the aircraft’ s flight path in relation to the surrounding terrain and obstacles. In this manner, TERRAIN can provide advanced alerts of predicted dangerous terrain conditions. Detailed alert modes are described later in this section. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 171: Terrain Page

    > 1000’ Points Obstacle above or within WARNING 100’ below current aircraft (Red) altitude Obstacle between 100’ and CAUTION 1000’ below current aircraft (Yellow) altitude Table 9-1 Terrain/Obstacle Colors and Symbology 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 172: Terrain Alerts

    NOTE: TERRAIN Advisory Alerts are displayed as constant black text on a yellow background; TERRAIN Caution Alerts are displayed as flashing black text on a yellow background. Figure 9-4 TERRAIN Caution Pop-up (Flashing) 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 173 Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) Advisory Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) Caution (FLASHING) (FLASHING) Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) Advisory Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) Caution (FLASHING) (FLASHING) Premature Descent Alert (PDA) Advisory Table 9-2 TERRAIN Alert Summary 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 174 AGL while within 0.5 nm of the approach runway or below 125 feet AGL while within 1.0 nm of the runway threshold. Phase of Flight Minimum Clearance Minimum Clearance Altitude Level Flight (ft) Altitude Descending (ft) Enroute Terminal Approach Departure Table 9-4 Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Clearance Values for FLTA Alerts 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 175 Enabling TERRAIN: Figure 9-5 PDA Alerting Threshold Select the TERRAIN Page and press the MENU Key. ‘Enable Terrain?’ is selected by default. Press the ENT Key. The TERRAIN system is functional again. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 176 Page (Figure 9-8). When the GPS signal is re-established and the aircraft is within the database coverage area, the ‘TER N/A’ visual annunciation is removed. Figure 9-9: TERRAIN FAILED Display Figure 9-8: TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE Display 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 177: Database Information For Terrain

    If a database is found to be information supplied by government sources. The data missing and/or deficient, the TERRAIN system fails the undergoes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of self-test and displays the TERRAIN system failure message the content, per TSO-C151b. However, the displayed (see Table 9-3).
  • Page 178 Coverage Area if a newer version is available). Updated terrain data cards Latitudes: N75 to S60 may be obtained by calling Garmin at one of the numbers Worldwide (WW) Longitudes: W180 to E180 listed in the front of this document.

  • Page 179: Section 10: Additional Features

    ‘see and avoid’ other NOTE: This section is written exclusively for aircraft. TIS should not be used for avoidance GPS 400 units that are configured with the GTX maneuvers during Instrument Meteorological 330 Mode S Transponder. Refer to the 400/500 Conditions (IMC) or other times when there is Series Display Interfaces Pilot’s Guide Addendum...
  • Page 180 TIS uses the terminal Mode S ground The user should not start evasive maneuvers using interrogator and its Data Link to provide about information from the GPS 400 display or on a traffic a 5-second update rate. The range accuracy of TIS and TCAS is similar.
  • Page 181 (FSS) facility. Occasionally, aircraft maneuvering causes this algorithm • By FAA Form 8000-7, Safety Improvement to induce errors in the GPS 400 display. These errors Report, a postage-paid card designed for this primarily affect relative bearing information and traffic purpose. These cards may be obtained at FAA target track vector (it lags);...
  • Page 182 • “Traffic Not Available” - TIS service is not available or out of range. TIS Symbology TIS traffic is displayed on the GPS 400 unit according to TCAS symbology on a dedicated Traffic page, and on the moving Map Page. The symbology is shown in Table Proximity Traffic Ground...
  • Page 183 45° increments. The vector Banner and Age protrudes from each target symbol in the Indicator approximate direction of travel. Figure 10-6 Traffic Age Indicator and Coasting Banner Table 10-2 TIS Options 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-5...
  • Page 184 ‘coast’ (for the time period of 12-60 seconds from the last receipt of a TIS message). The pilot should be aware that traffic may be present but not shown. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-6 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 185 Key. aircraft. • An up or down arrow indicating that the intruder aircraft is climbing or descending at a rate greater than 500 fpm. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-7...
  • Page 186 TRAFC SMBL - Allows the user to select the map Traffic Label. range at which the traffic symbol(s) and TA text Press the CLR Key to return the Map Page. appear. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-8 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 187 Figure 10-18 Thumbnail Traffic on Map Page NOTE: To display thumbnail traffic on the left-hand side of the display, see Setup 2 Page: Auxiliary Configuration, in Section 8.5. Figure 10-19 Traffic Range and Altitude Separation 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-9...
  • Page 188 The The user can manually switch between standby (STBY) GPS 400 unit displays ‘STBY’. As described previously, and operating (OPER) modes of operation to manually both the standby and operating modes can be manually override automatic operation.

  • Page 189: Weather Data Link Interface

    Functions provided by the Weather Data Link system Introduction include: GPS 400 units can interface with the GDL 49 or the • Request for and display of NEXRAD radar GDL 69/69A. The GPS 400 unit provides the display and imagery.
  • Page 190 NEXRAD Limitations The following weather products are available for CAUTION: NEXRAD weather data is to be used display on the GPS 400 unit via the Weather Data Link for long-range planning purposes only. Due to interface: inherent delays and relative age of the data that can be experienced, NEXRAD weather data •...

  • Page 191: Nexrad Intensity

    Reflectivity (designated by the letter Z) is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. The dBZ values increase as returned signal strength increases. Precipitation intensity is displayed on the GPS 400 units using colors represented by the dBZ values listed in Table 10-4.
  • Page 192 Posn’-Position is current, ‘Look Ahead’-Position is look ahead position. ‘From ID’-Position is from the ID entered into the WPT field. ‘Flight Plan’ is the ID selected from the active flight plan. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-14 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 193 The Data Link Page is received: displayed. • New NEXRAD Received • New Graphic METAR Received • New Text METAR Received 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-15...
  • Page 194 Customizing the NEXRAD data on the using the small and large right knobs. When Weather Page: the GPS 400 unit is configured with the Data Link interface, the Weather Page is the third From the Weather Page, press the MENU Key...
  • Page 195 (i.e., the transparency, see Table 10-5) of the NEXRAD cells. The density values are LOW- MED-HIGH. Press the ENT Key to make the selection then press the CLR Key to go back to the Map Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-17...
  • Page 196 • Request METAR? • View Text METAR? (if available) Figure 10-25 Map Page Options Menu NOTE: If the GPS 400 is configured for Weather Data Link Interface with a GDL 49 or GDL 69, pressing the CLR Key while viewing the...
  • Page 197 • Radial - The radial from the nearest VOR • Position - Displays the aircraft’ s current position expressed in Latitude and Longitude Figure 10-28 Data Link Request Log Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-19...
  • Page 198 The METAR Request Page has the following user- selectable fields: • Format - This field is used to select between requesting the raw METAR text (Textual) or requesting a graphical summary (Graphic) of several METARs. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-20 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 199 The Data Link Page is • Radius (Graphical requests only) - This field displayed. selects a request radius from 50 to 250 nm from the selected position. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-21...
  • Page 200 ENT Key does not send the request until after the auto time period. To exit from the METAR Request Page, press the small right knob. The Map Page is displayed. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-22 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 201 (Figure 10-35) is displayed for the airport selected. The pilot can enter a different identifier on the Textual METAR Page. Figure 10-34 Weather Legend Page for METAR Data Figure 10-35 Textual METAR Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-23...
  • Page 202 Repair stations are equipped Weather Page. to repair the system, should a hardware failure exist. Displaying Temperature/Dewpoints on the NAV Weather Page: Select the NAV Weather Page. 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-24 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 203 See Table 10-6. number assigned to the GDL 49’ s internal satellite communicator. • GDL SW - This field shows the currently installed software version for the GDL 49. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-25...
  • Page 204 MESSAGE DESCRIPTION • SATCOM SER NUM - The first eight characters of ‘--’ GDL 69/69A - GPS 400 interface this field indicate the satellite radio ID number. communications not yet established. A dash separates the satellite radio ID from the ‘-0’, ‘-1’,...
  • Page 205 SM – Statue Miles SN – Snow Snow TEMPO – Occasionally Trrn – Terrain TS – Thunderstorm VV – Vertical Visibility Unknown Table 10-10 Forecast Abbreviations Table 10-12 Precipitation Graphics 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-27...
  • Page 206 Wind is gusting 5 - 10 kts more than (Green) sustained speed. G11+ Wind is gusting 11 kts or more above its sustained speed. (Yellow) Table 10-15 Gust Offset Graphics 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-28 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 207 Figure 10-38 Wind Symbol This symbol in Figure 10-39 displays the difference between the reported temperature and dewpoint as 7-10 degrees Fahrenheit at KSPW. Temperature Dewpoint Figure 10-39 Temp-Dewpoint Symbol 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 10-29...
  • Page 208 SECTION 10 ADDITIONAL FEATURES Blank Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E 10-30 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 209: Section 11: Fault Detection & Exclusion

    Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) is incorporated in navigation. Upon detection, the exclusion function the Garmin GPS 400 main and GPS software version 3.00 excludes one or more failed satellites and prevents them and higher. FDE algorithms provide a basis for approval from being used during navigation.

  • Page 210: Pre-Departure Verification Of Fde

    “400/500-series FDE sole source of navigation per FAA Notice 8110.60. Prediction Instructions” (190-00643-00) are available on Garmin’ s website for free download (www.garmin.com). • U.S. Area Navigation (RNAV) routes, Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs), or Standard Termi-...

  • Page 211: Section 12: Messages, Abbreviations, & Nav Terms

    12.1 MESSAGES The GPS 400 uses a flashing ‘MSG’ annunciator at the bottom of the screen (directly above the MSG Key) to alert the pilot of any important information or warnings. While most messages are advisory in nature, warning messages may require pilot intervention.
  • Page 212 Check for adequate ventilation or check cooling air flow. Contact a Garmin dealer for assistance. The GPS 400 has detected a problem with the NavData Card. The data is not usable and the Data card failure card should be returned to Jeppesen or to a Garmin dealer.
  • Page 213 (or coverage) has resulted in a horizontal DOP greater than 4.0. Additional cross-checking using another navigation source is required to verify the integrity of the GPS position. Display backlight The GPS 400 has detected a failure in the display backlighting. The unit should be taken to a failure Garmin dealer for service.
  • Page 214 ABBREVIATIONS, & NAV TERMS Message Description The GPS 400 has detected a failure in its GPS receiver. The GPS receiver may still be usable, GPS needs service but the unit should be returned (at the earliest convenience) to a Garmin dealer for service.
  • Page 215 The user-entered scheduler message time has expired, and the scheduler message is [user entered text] displayed. The GPS 400 is searching the sky for GPS satellite almanac data or the GPS receiver is in Searching the sky AutoLocate Mode. Allow the unit to complete data collection (approximately five minutes) before turning it off.
  • Page 216 Garmin dealer for assistance. The GPS 400 has detected a failure (during initial power up) in its system configuration. Unit configuration has Some system components may be unusable. Try cycling power off and back on. If the changed message persists, contact a Garmin dealer for assistance.
  • Page 217 ABBREVIATIONS, & NAV TERMS Message Description Waypoint memory is All 1000 user waypoint locations in the GPS 400’s memory have been used. Delete full unwanted waypoints to make room for new entries. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 218: Abbreviations

    Fuel On Board CRSR Cursor Flight Plan ICAO Control Area Feet Per Minute CTAF FREQ Frequency Common Traffic Advisory Frequency Center (ARTCC) Flight Service Station Course To Steer Feet Cumulative 190-00140-60 Rev. E 12-8 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 219 NAVAID Navigational Aid Knots Non-directional Radio Beacon Nautical Miles LAT/LON Latitude/Longitude NRST Nearest Pounds Number Local LFOB Left-over Fuel On Board Omnibearing Selector Localizer Oceanic LRES Left-over Fuel Reserve Time 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference 12-9...
  • Page 220 Standard Terminal Arrival Route Vertical Speed Required Special Use Airspace Waypoint °T Degree True Weather TACAN Tactical Air Navigation True Airspeed Crosstrack Error Total Air Temperature TEMP Temperature TERM Terminal Track Angle Error 190-00140-60 Rev. E 12-10 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 221: Navigation Terms

    SECTION 12 – MESSAGES, ABBREVIATIONS, & NAV TERMS 12.3 NAVIGATION TERMS The following navigation terms are used on the GPS 400 and in this Pilot’ s Guide. Refer to Figures 12-1 and 12-2 for graphic representation of navigation terms. WPT 2...
  • Page 222 The vertical speed necessary to descend/climb from current position and altitude to a defined required) target position and altitude, based upon current ground speed XTK (crosstrack error) The distance the aircraft is off a desired course in either direction, left or right 190-00140-60 Rev. E 12-12 GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 223: Appendix Adata Card Use

    Card (if applicable) supplied with the GPS 400 can be the Terrain Data Card. installed or removed when the GPS 400 is on or off. If the NavData Card is not present when the unit is turned on, a To insert the NavData or Terrain Data card ‘No Jeppesen Aviation Database - Limited to user defined...
  • Page 224 Grasp the top and bottom surfaces of the swing arm handle between your thumb and forefinger, and pull directly away from the face of the GPS 400 unit to remove the data card. 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 225: Appendix B: Specifications

    CDI/HSI; Humidity: 95% non-condensing RMI (digital:clock/data); Superflag Out; Altitude: -1,500 ft to 50,000 ft Altitude (serial: Icarus, Shadin, Rosetta, or (-457 m to 15,240 m) encoded: Gillham/Greycode); Fuel Sensor; Fuel/Air Data 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 226 APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS Blank Page 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...

  • Page 227: Appendix C: Troubleshooting Q & A

    If RAIM is not available when crossing the FAF, the pilot must fly the missed approach procedure. The GPS 400’ s RAIM prediction function (Section 11) also allows the pilot to see whether RAIM is available for a specified date and...
  • Page 228 When OBS mode is cancelled, automatic waypoint sequencing is selected, and the GPS 400 automatically selects the next waypoint in the flight plan once the aircraft has crossed the present Figure C-2 Active Flight Plan Page active-to waypoint.
  • Page 229 An example of this operation is an approach which begins with a holding pattern at the When OBS mode is active, the GPS 400 allows the initial approach fix (IAF). See Section 5.2, Flying an pilot to select the desired course to/from a waypoint using Approach with a Hold for more information on the ‘SUSP’...
  • Page 230 The most common application for using the OBS Key The GPS 400 allows the pilot to manually select any is the missed approach. The GPS 400 suspends automatic approach, departure, or arrival leg as the active leg of the waypoint sequencing (indicated by a ‘SUSP’...
  • Page 231 5 nm beyond 30 nm (from the departure airport). 1) A waypoint alert (‘NEXT DTK ###°’) flashes in the Also, in ‘Auto’ mode, the GPS 400 begins a smooth lower right corner of the screen 10 seconds before CDI scale transition from the 5.0 nm (enroute/oceanic the turn point (Figure C-6).
  • Page 232 ‘Activate Approach?’ and pressing the ENT Key. does not become less sensitive when further away from The GPS 400 provides navigation along the desired course the destination. For more information on the CDI scale, to the waypoint and rejoins the approach in sequence from see Section 8.4.
  • Page 233 DOP (dilution of precision) 2-23, 2-24, 11-1, 12-3, 12-8 Duplex operations 7-8 Duplicate waypoints 6-3 CDI Scale 2-2, 5-11, 5-15, 5-19, 8-20, 8-21, 8-23, 8-24, C-5, Ceiling and Visibility Graphics 10-28 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 234 Measurement units 1-5, 8-20, 8-21, 8-24, 8-25 Hold (waypoint) 5-9, 5-11, 5-24 MENU Key 1-3 Messages 1-4, 1-16, 2-24, 2-27, 7-11, 8-3, 8-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-22, 8-23, 12-1 Message Page 1-8, 1-16 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 235 Scroll bar 1-3, 1-4, 2-19, 7-4, 7-6 Odometer 8-17 Select approach 1-13, 4-12, 5-1, 5-4, 5-9, 6-9, C-6 Overzoom 2-6 Select arrival 1-13, 4-13, 5-1 Select departure 1-13, 4-13, 5-1 Self test 1-5 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 236 Traffic Warning Window 10-7 Transitions 4-12, 4-13, 5-1, 5-5, 5-10, 5-18, 6-8, 6-10, 6-12, 12-3, C-5 Trip planning 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-6 Trip statistics 8-12, 8-17 Turn advisories C-5 Turn anticipation 12-6, C-5 190-00140-60 Rev. E GPS 400 Pilot’s Guide and Reference...
  • Page 238 Hounsdown Business Park Southampton, SO40 9RB, U.K. p: 44/ (0) 870.8501241 f: 44/ (0) 870.8501251 Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan p: 886/2.2642.9199 f: 886/2.2642.9099 www.garmin.com © 2007 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries 190-00140-60 Rev. E...

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