Page 1 User’s Reference Publication number 16550-97006 August 1997 For Safety information, Warranties, and Regulatory information, see the pages behind the Index • Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1992 – 1998 All Rights Reserved HP 16550A 100-MHz State/500-MHz Timing Logic Analyzer...
Page 3 In This Book General Information Probing The Configuration Menu The User’s Reference contains field and feature definitions. Use this manual for information on what the menu fields do, The Format Menu what they are used for, and how the features work. The manual is divided into chapters The Trigger Menu covering general product information,...
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents 1 General Information Configuration Capabilities 1–3 Key Features 1–4 Accessories Supplied 1–5 Accessories Available 1–6 2 Probing General Purpose Probing System Description 2–7 Assembling the Probing System 2–11 3 The Configuration Menu Name Field 3–3 Type Field 3–4 Unassigned Pods List 3–5 Activity Indicators 3–7 4 The Format Menu...
Page 6 Contents 5 The Trigger Menu Trigger Sequence Levels 5–6 Modify Trigger Field 5–8 Pre-defined Trigger Macros 5–11 Using Macros to Create a Trigger Specification 5–13 Timing Trigger Macro Library 5–14 State Trigger Macro Library 5–16 Modifying the User-level Macro 5–19 Resource Terms 5–26 Assigning Resource Term Names and Values 5–28 Label and Base Fields 5–32...
Page 7 Contents Time Markers 6–17 Trig to X / Trig to O Fields 6–18 Statistics Markers 6–19 States Markers (State only) 6–21 Trig to X / Trig to O Fields 6–22 Data Roll Field 6–23 Label and Base Fields 6–24 Label / Base Roll Field 6–24 7 The Waveform Menu Acquisition Control Field 7–5 Accumulate Field 7–6...
Page 8 Contents Statistics Markers 7–29 States Markers (State only) 7–31 Trig to X / Trig to O Fields 7–32 Marker Label / Base and Display 7–33 Waveform Display 7–34 Blue Bar Field 7–36 Channel Mode Field 7–38 Module and Label Fields 7–40 Action Insert/Replace Field 7–41 Delete and Delete All Fields 7–42 Waveform Size Field 7–43...
Page 9 Contents Time Markers 8–23 Trig to X / Trig to O Fields 8–24 Statistics Markers 8–25 States Markers 8–27 Trig to X / Trig to O Fields 8–28 9 The Compare Menu Reference Listing Field 9–5 Difference Listing Field 9–6 Copy Listing to Reference Field 9–8 Find Error Field 9–9 Compare Full / Compare Partial Field 9–10...
Page 10 Contents 11 Error Messages Error Messages 11–3 Warning Messages 11–6 Advisory Messages 11–9 12 Specifications and Characteristics Specifications 12–3 Characteristics 12–4 13 Installation and Testing To inspect the module 13–3 To prepare the mainframe 13–3 To configure a one-card module 13–5 To configure a two-card module 13–6 To install the module 13–8 To test the module 13–10...
Page 11 General Information...
Page 12 The HP 16550A State/Timing Analyzer module has 96 data channels, and six clock/data channels. A second HP 16550A card can be added to expand the module to 204 data and clock/data channels. Memory depth is 4 Kbytes in all pod pair groupings, or 8 Kbytes on just one pod (half channels).
Page 13: General Information Configuration Capabilities
Configuration Capabilities Configuration Capabilities The HP 16550A can be configured as a single- or two-card module. The number of data channels range from 102 channels using just one HP 16550A, up to 204 channels when a second HP 16550A is connected. A half-channel acquisition mode is available which reduces the channel width by half, but doubles memory depth from 4K-deep to 8K-deep per channel.
Page 14: Key Features
• 96 data/6 clock channels, expandable to 198 data/6 clock channels. • Lightweight passive probes for easy hookup and compatibility with previous HP logic analyzers and preprocessors. • Variable setup/hold time, 3.5 ns window. • External arming to/from other modules through the intermodule bus.
Page 15: Accessories Supplied
The table below lists the accessories supplied with your logic analyzer. If any of these accessories are missing, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales Office. If you need additional accessories, refer to the Accessories for HP Logic Analyzers brochure. Table 1-1...
Page 16: Accessories Available
Memory Read, Interrupt Acknowledge, or I/O write. A list of preprocessor modules is found in Accessories for HP Logic Analyzers. Descriptions of the preprocessor modules are found with the preprocessor module accessories.
Page 17: Probing
Probing...
Page 18 You can connect the logic analyzer to your system under test in one of the following ways: • The standard general purpose probing (provided). • HP E2445A User-Definable Interface (optional). • Direct connection to a 20-pin, 3M-Series type header connector using the termination adapter (optional). •...
Page 19 The HP E2445A includes a breadboard that you custom-wire for your system. You will find additional information about the HP E2445A in the Accessories for HP Logic Analyzers brochure. The Termination Adapter...
Page 20 Inverse assembly software to translate logic levels captured by the logic analyzer into microprocessor mnemonics. • Bus interfaces to support bus analysis for HP-IB, RS-232-C, RS-449, SCSI, VME, VXI, ISA, EISA, MCA, FDDI, Futurebus+, JTAG, SBus, PCI, and PCMCIA. Universal Interfaces are aimed at initial hardware turn-on, and will provide fast, reliable, and convenient connections to the microprocessor system.
Page 21 Preprocessor File Configuration Translation and Pod Connections Preprocessor configuration files from an HP 16510B, HP 16511B, and HP 16540A/D can be used by the HP 16550A logic analyzer. However, some pods must be connected differently in order for the configuration files (version 5.0 or later) to work properly. The table...
Page 22 Recommended Configuration File to Transfer: The recommended configuration file will work the best. If Factory is recommended, you should use files specifically made for the HP 16550A. Old Pods to New Pods in a One-Card Module: Pods are reordered respectively.
Page 23: General Purpose Probing System Description
Probing General Purpose Probing System Description General Purpose Probing System Description The standard probing system provided with the logic analyzer consists of a probe tip assembly, probe cable, and grabbers. Because of the passive design of the probes, there are no active circuits at the outer end of the cable. The passive probing system is similar to the probing system used with high-frequency oscilloscopes.
Page 24 Probing General Purpose Probing System Description Probe and Pod Grounding Each pod is grounded by a long black pod ground lead. You can connect the ground lead directly to a ground pin on your target system or use a grabber. To connect the ground lead to grounded pins on your target system, you must use 0.63 mm (0.025 in) square pins, or use round pins with a diameter of 0.66 mm (0.026 in) to 0.84 mm (0.033 in).
Page 25 Probing General Purpose Probing System Description Probe Leads The probe leads consists of a 12-inch twisted pair cable, a ground tap, and one grabber. The probe lead, which connects to the target system, has an integrated RC network with an input impedance of 100 kΩ in parallel with approximately 8 pF, and all in series with 250 Ω.
Page 26 Probing General Purpose Probing System Description Probe Cable The probe cable contains 18 signal lines, 17 chassis ground lines, and two power lines for preprocessor use. The cables are woven together into a flat ribbon that is 4.5 feet long. The probe cable connects the logic analyzer to the pods, termination adapter, or preprocessor interface.
Page 27: Assembling The Probing System
Probing Assembling the Probing System Assembling the Probing System The general-purpose probing system components are assembled as shown below to make a connection between the measured signal line and the pods displayed in the Format menu. Connecting Probe Cables to the Logic Analyzer 2–11...
Page 28 Connecting Probe Cables to the Logic Analyzer All probe cables are installed at Hewlett-Packard. If you need to replace a probe cable, refer to the Service Guide, available from your HP Sales Office. Connecting the Probe Tip Assembly to the Probe Cable To connect a probe tip assembly to a cable, align the key on the cable connector with the slot on the probe housing and press them together.
Page 29 Probing Assembling the Probing System Disconnecting Probe Leads from Probe Tip Assemblies When you receive the logic analyzer, the probe leads are already installed in the probe tip assemblies. To keep unused probe leads out of your way during a measurement, you can disconnect them from the pod. To disconnect a probe, insert the tip of a ball-point pen into the latch opening.
Page 30 Probing Assembling the Probing System Connecting the Grabbers to the Probes Connect the grabbers to the probe leads by slipping the connector at the end of the probe onto the recessed pin located in the side of the grabber. If you need to use grabbers for either the pod or the probe grounds, connect the grabbers to the ground leads in the same manner.
Page 31: The Configuration Menu
The Configuration Menu...
Page 32 The Configuration Menu The Configuration menu is one of the analyzer menus that allows you to set module level parameters. For example, in the Configuration menu the pod pair assignments are made. In addition, the type of clocking is selected and a custom analyzer name can be assigned. Configuration Menu Map The following menu map illustrates all fields and the available options in the Configuration menu.
Page 33: Name Field
The Configuration Menu Name Field Name Field The Name field allows you to assign a specific name to the analyzer machine. The name is entered by using the pop-up alpha-numeric keypad. When configurations are stored to disk and later reloaded, a specific name can help identify the measurement setup.
Page 34: Type Field
The Configuration Menu Type Field Type Field The Type field allows you to configure the available analyzers as a state analyzer or a timing analyzer. When the Type field is selected, the following choices are available. Timing When Timing is selected, the analyzer uses its own internal clock to clock measurement data into the acquisition memory.
Page 35: Unassigned Pods List
The Configuration Menu Unassigned Pods List Unassigned Pods List The list of Unassigned Pods in the Configuration menu shows the available pods for the module configuration. Pod grouping and assignment is by pod pairs. When a pod pair is selected from the Unassigned Pods list, an assignment menu appears.
Page 36 The Configuration Menu Unassigned Pods List Illegal Configuration When both analyzers are turned on, pod pair 1,2 and pod pair 5,6 cannot be assigned to the same analyzer. If this configuration is set, the analyzer will display a help menu. Use this help menu to reconfigure the pod assignment to a legal configuration.
Page 37: Activity Indicators
The Configuration Menu Activity Indicators Activity Indicators A portion of the Configuration menu that is not a selectable field is the Activity Indicators. The indicators appear in two places. One is in the pod pair displays of this Configuration menu. The other place is in the bit reference line in the Format menu just above the pod bit numbers.
Page 38 3–8...
Page 39: The Format Menu
The Format Menu...
Page 40 The Format Menu The Format menu is where you assign which data channels are measured and what clocking arrangement is used to capture valid data. The configuration of the Format menu consists of grouping and labeling the data channels from the system under test to fit your particular measurement.
Page 41 The Format Menu The State Format Menu Map 4–3...
Page 42: State Acquisition Mode Field (State Only)
The Format Menu State Acquisition Mode Field (State only) State Acquisition Mode Field (State only) The State Acquisition Mode field identifies the channel width and memory depth of the selected acquisition mode. When the State Acquisition Mode field is selected, two configurations of channel width and memory depth become available.
Page 43: Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing Only)
The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) The Timing Acquisition Mode field displays the acquisition type, the channel width, and sampling speed of the present acquisition mode. The Timing Acquisition Mode field is used to access an acquisition mode selection menu. Conventional Acquisition Mode In Conventional Acquisition mode the analyzer stores measurement data at each sampling interval.
Page 44 The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) Transitional Acquisition Mode In Transitional Acquisition mode, the timing analyzer samples data at regular intervals, but only stores data when there is a level transition on currently assigned bits of a pod pair. Each time a level transition occurs on any of the assigned bits, all bits of the pod pair are stored.
Page 45 The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) Transitional Full Channel 125 MHz Mode The total memory depth is 4 Kbytes per channel with a channel width of 34 channels per pod pair. Data is sampled for new transitions every 8 ns. When the Timing analyzer runs in the 125 MHz mode, it operates very similar to the state analyzer with count Time turned on.
Page 46 The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) Minimum Transitions Stored Normally, transitions occur at a relatively slow rate, a rate slow enough to ensure at least one sample with no transitions between the samples with transitions. This is illustrated below with time-tags 2, 5, 7, and 14.
Page 47 The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) Transitional Half Channel 250 MHz Mode The total memory depth is 8 Kbytes with a channel width of 17 channels on one pod. The pod used within the pod pair is selectable. Data is sampled for new transitions every 4 ns.
Page 48 The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) As you can see, transitions are stored in two different ways, depending strictly on chance. Remember that the transition detector only looks at the full 34 bits while the data is stored as two 17-bit samples. So, the transition detector will not see time-tag 3 (101/000) as a transition.
Page 49 The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) In this case, transitions are being detected with each sample. Therefore, they are all being stored. In addition, each sample pair contains a transition. For example, time tag 1 (100/000) contains a transition and is different from time tag 2 (111/011), which also contains a transition.
Page 50 The Format Menu Timing Acquisition Mode Field (Timing only) Increasing Duration of Storage In the 125-MHz mode a transition on any one of the 34 bits each sample (if they are all turned on) will cause storage. Reducing the number of bits that are turned on for any one pod pair will more than likely increase data storage time.
Page 51: Clock Inputs Display
The Format Menu Clock Inputs Display Clock Inputs Display Beneath the Clock Inputs display, and next to the bit reference line, is a display of all clock inputs available in the present configuration. In a one card module the J and K clocks appears with pod pair 1/2, the L and M with pod pair 3/4, and clocks N and P with pod pairs 5/6.
Page 52: Pod Field
The Format Menu Pod Field Pod Field The Pod field identifies which pod of a pod pair the settings of the bit assignment field, pod threshold field, and pod clock fields effect. In the full channel modes, this field is simply an identifier and is not selectable. However, in the half channel mode, the Pod field turns dark which means it is selectable.
Page 53: Pod Clock Field (State Only)
The Format Menu Pod Clock Field (State only) Pod Clock Field (State only) The Pod Clock field identifies the type of clock arrangement assigned to each pod. When the Pod Clock field is selected, a clock arrangement type menu appears with the choices of Master, Slave, or Demultiplex. Once a pod clock is assigned a clock arrangement, its identity and function follows what is configured in the Master and Slave Clock fields.
Page 54 The Format Menu Pod Clock Field (State only) Slave This option specifies that data on a pod designated "Slave Clock", are latched when the status of the slave clock inputs meet the requirements of the slave clocking arrangement. Then, followed by a match of the master clock and the master clock arrangement, the slave data is strobed into analyzer memory along with the master data.
Page 55 The Format Menu Pod Clock Field (State only) Demultiplex The Demultiplex mode is used to store two different sets of data that occur at different times on the same channels. In Demultiplex mode, only one pod of the pod pair is used, and that pod is selectable. Both the master and slave clocks are used in the Demultiplex mode.
Page 56 The Format Menu Pod Clock Field (State only) When the analyzer sees a match between the slave clock input and the Slave Clock arrangement, Demux Slave data is latched. Then, followed by a match of the master clock and the master clock arrangement, the slave data is strobed into analyzer memory along with the master data.
Page 57: Pod Threshold Field
The Format Menu Pod Threshold Field Pod Threshold Field The pod threshold field is used to set a voltage level which the data must reach before the analyzer recognizes and displays it as a change in logic levels. You specify a threshold level for each pod in a pod pair. The level specified for each pod is also assigned to the pods clock threshold.
Page 58: Master And Slave Clock Field (State Only)
The Format Menu Master and Slave Clock Field (State only) Master and Slave Clock Field (State only) The Master and Slave Clock fields are used to construct a clocking arrangement. A clocking arrangement is the assignment of appropriate clocks, clock edges, and clock qualifier levels which allow the analyzer to synchronize itself on valid data.
Page 59 The Format Menu Master and Slave Clock Field (State only) All combinations of the J, K, and L clock and Q1 and Q2 qualifiers are ORed to the clock combinations of the M, N, and P clocks and Q3 and Q4 qualifiers. Clock edges are ORed to clock edges, clock qualifier are ANDed to clock edges, and clock qualifiers can be either ANDed or ORed together.
Page 60: Setup/Hold Field (State Only)
The Format Menu Setup/Hold Field (State only) Setup/Hold Field (State only) Setup/Hold adjusts the relative position of the clock edge with respect to the time period that data is valid. When the Setup/Hold field is selected, a configuration menu appears. Use this Setup/Hold configuration menu to select each pod in the analyzer and assign a Setup/Hold selection from the selection list.
Page 61 The Format Menu Setup/Hold Field (State only) The relationship of the clock signal and valid data under the default setup and hold is shown in the figure below. Default Setup and Hold If the relationship of the clock signal and valid data is such that the data is valid for 1 ns before the clock occurs and 3 ns after the clock occurs, you will want to use the 1.0 setup and 2.5 hold setting.
Page 62: Symbols Field
Symbols Field Symbols Field See Also Refer to Symbols Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference for complete information on using symbols. Label Assignment Fields See Also Refer to Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference for complete...
Page 63: Label Polarity Fields
The Format Menu Label Polarity Fields Label Polarity Fields The Label Polarity fields are used to assign a polarity to each label. The default polarity for all labels is positive ( + ). You change the label polarity by touching the polarity field, which toggles the polarity between positive ( + ) and negative ( −).
Page 64: Bit Assignment Fields
The Format Menu Bit Assignment Fields Bit Assignment Fields The bit assignment fields are used to assign bits (channels) to labels. The convention for bit assignment is as follows: * (asterisk) indicates assigned bit. . (period) indicates unassigned bit. To change a bit assignment, select the bit assignment field and using the knob, move the cursor to the bit you want to change, then select an asterisk or a period.
Page 65 The Format Menu Bit Assignment Fields Labels may have from 1 to 32 channels assigned to them. If you try to assign more than 32 channels to a label, the logic analyzer will beep, indicating an error, and a message will appear at the top of the screen telling you that 32 channels per label is the maximum.
Page 66 4–28...
Page 67: The Trigger Menu
The Trigger Menu...
Page 68 The Trigger Menu The Trigger menu is used to configure when the analyzer triggers, what the analyzer triggers on, and what is stored in acquisition memory. In addition, within the Acquisition Control function, prestore and poststore requirements are set. The Trigger menu is divided into three areas, each dealing with a different area of general operation.
Page 69 The Trigger Menu Sequence Levels Area You use the sequence levels area to view the sequence levels currently used in the trigger specification and their timer status. From this area you can also access each individual level for editing. Resource Terms Area You use the resource terms area to assign values to the resource terms.
Page 70 The Trigger Menu Trigger Menu Map 5–4...
Page 71 The Trigger Menu Trigger Menu Map (Continued) 5–5...
Page 72: Trigger Sequence Levels
Trigger Sequence Levels Sequence levels are the definable stages of the total trigger specification. When defined, sequence levels control what the analyzer triggers on, when the analyzer triggers, and where trigger will be located in the total block of acquired data. In addition, you can qualify what data is stored when trigger occurs.
Page 73 The Trigger Menu Editing Sequence Levels The higher level editing, such as adding or deleting entire sequence levels, is done using the Modify Trigger field in the main Trigger menu. You can also modify any existing sequence level from the Modify Trigger field.
Page 74: Modify Trigger Field
The Trigger Menu Modify Trigger Field Modify Trigger Field The Modify Trigger field allows you to modify the statements of any single sequence level as well as other high level actions like global clearing of existing trigger statements, and adding or deleting sequence levels. Modify Modify Sequence Level Replace Sequence Level...
Page 75 The Trigger Menu Modify Trigger Field Delete Sequence Level If there is more than one sequence level assigned, you are asked which level to delete. Add Sequence Level By default you have one sequence level available at powerup. When you add sequence levels, you are given the choice of inserting them before or after a sequence level.
Page 76 The Trigger Menu Modify Trigger Field Break Down Macros / Restore Macros When a pre-defined macro is broken down, the contents of that macro are displayed in the same long form used in the User-level macro. If the macro uses multiple internal levels, all levels are separated out and displayed in the sequence level area of the Trigger menu.
Page 77: Pre-Defined Trigger Macros
Pre-defined Trigger Macros Both the state and timing acquisition modes have a macro library containing pre-defined trigger macros. Depending on which acquisition mode you are using, you get the corresponding library. Each macro will require at least one sequence level, and in some cases, may require multiple levels.
Page 78 The Trigger Menu Modify Trigger Field State Trigger Macro Library: • User Mode (User-level macro) • Basic Macros • Sequence Dependent Macros • Time Violation Macros • Delay Macros State Trigger Macro Library 5–12...
Page 79: Using Macros To Create A Trigger Specification
The Trigger Menu Using Macros to Create a Trigger Specification Using Macros to Create a Trigger Specification To configure a trigger specification using trigger macros, follow the procedure below. From the Trigger menu, enter the desired sequence level through the Modify Trigger field, or by selecting a sequence level number.
Page 80: Timing Trigger Macro Library
The Trigger Menu Timing Trigger Macro Library Timing Trigger Macro Library The following list contains all the macros in the Timing Trigger Macro Library. They are listed in the same order as they appear onscreen. User Mode User level - custom combinations, branching The User level is a user-definable level.
Page 81 The Trigger Menu Timing Trigger Macro Library Pattern/Edge 1. Find edge within a valid pattern. Combinations This macro becomes true when a selected edge type is seen within the time window defined by a designated pattern. It uses two internal sequence levels. 2.
Page 82: State Trigger Macro Library
The Trigger Menu State Trigger Macro Library State Trigger Macro Library The following list contains all the macros in the State Trigger Macro Library. They are listed in the same order as they appear onscreen. User Mode User level - custom combinations, loops The User level is a user-definable level.
Page 83 The Trigger Menu State Trigger Macro Library Sequence 1. Find event 2 "n" times after event 1, before event 3 occurs Dependent macros This macro becomes true when it first finds a designated pattern 1, followed by a selected number of occurrences of a designated pattern 2. In addition, if a designated pattern 3 is seen anytime while the sequence is not yet true, the sequence starts over.
Page 84 The Trigger Menu State Trigger Macro Library Time Violations 1. Find event 2 occurring too soon after event 1 This macro becomes true when a designated pattern 1 is seen, followed by a designated pattern 2, and with less than a selected time period occurring between the two patterns.
Page 85: Modifying The User-Level Macro
The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro Modifying the User-level Macro Before you begin building a trigger specification using the User-level macro, it should be noted that in most cases one of the pre-defined trigger macros will work. If you need to accommodate a specific trigger condition, or you prefer to construct a trigger specification from scratch, you will use the User-level macro to build from.
Page 86 The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro The number of User-level macros you will use, or what you assign to the resource terms is difficult to predict because of the variety of applications. A general approach is to think of each field assignment or each new sequence level as an opportunity to lead the analyzer through key points in the data stream.
Page 87 The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro Example The following statement looks for the positive, negative, or either going edge type you assigned to term "Edge1" to occur "1" time, before it Triggers . Example The following statement looks for the combination of either a bit pattern you assigned to "a"...
Page 88 The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro Using Storage Qualification Store qualification enables you to store all data, no data, or just selected data, before trigger occurs. Example The following statement determines that all occurrences of the bit pattern you assigned to "a" will be stored before trigger occurs. Setting <...
Page 89 The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro Using the Occurrence Counters Occurs Field When "Occurs" is selected, the < and > duration functions change to an occurrence counter. Use the occurrence counter to delay sequence evaluation until the resource term has occurred a designated number times.
Page 90 The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro Using the Timer Timers are like other resource terms in that they are either true or false. Timers can be set to Start, Stop, Pause, or Continue as the analyzer enters a sequence level. The two timers are global, so each sequence level has the ability to control the same timer.
Page 91 The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro Branching If either the < or > durations is used, only the primary "Trigger on" branch is available, otherwise each sequence level has two way branching. If the primary branch is taken, the analyzer triggers and goes to the next level.
Page 92: Resource Terms
Resource Terms Resource terms are user-defined variables that are assigned to sequence levels. They are placed into the sequence statement where their bit pattern or edge type is searched for within the data stream. When a match is found, a branch is initiated and the next statement or sequence level is acted upon.
Page 93 The Trigger Menu Modifying the User-level Macro Edge Terms 1 and 2 (Timing only) The two edge terms are only available in the timing analyzer. Edge terms are assigned either a positive-going, negative-going, or both-edge type. Two global Timers In addition to the resource terms available, there are two global timers available.
Page 94: Assigning Resource Term Names And Values
The Trigger Menu Assigning Resource Term Names and Values Assigning Resource Term Names and Values The Terms field identifies the list of available resource terms within the analyzer. The resource term names (a − j, Edge1, Edge2, Range1, Range2) are default names that can be changed if desired. You assign values in the following two ways: •...
Page 95 The Trigger Menu Assigning Resource Term Names and Values Rename This function accesses a keypad which you use to create a custom name or edit the existing name for the resource term. This function works for all terms. Clear (=X) Sets the Term Assignment fields as follows: In Terms a −...
Page 96 The Trigger Menu Assigning Resource Term Names and Values Edge Terms If you want to qualify an edge, place the appropriate edge on the data channel you are watching. When the analyzer sees the correct edge, the term becomes true. Edge terms can be used singularly or in combination with each other across all assigned channels.
Page 97 The Trigger Menu Assigning Resource Term Names and Values Timer Terms Each Timer term is assigned to either of the two analyzers, but not both. With timers inserted into sequence levels, you can start a timer in one level, pause it, or stop it in another sequence level. Timers are either true or false.
Page 98: Label And Base Fields
See Also "Labels Assignment" chapter, in the Common Modules Operations section of the HP 16500B Logic Analysis User’s Reference or HP 16500C Logic Analysis User’s Reference. Base Field All assigned labels will have a base field assigned to it. If the numeric base is changed in a menu, the base in other menus may not change accordingly.
Page 99: Arming Control Field
The Trigger Menu Arming Control Field Arming Control Field The Arming Control field shown below accesses an Arming Control menu. The Arming Control menu is used to configure the arm signals between analyzers and the Arm In/Out signals between other measurement modules in the mainframe.
Page 100 The Trigger Menu Arming Control Field Arming Control Between Analyzers If both analyzers in a module are turned on, you can configure one analyzer to arm the other. An example of this is when a state analyzer triggers on a bit pattern, then arms a timing analyzer which captures and displays the waveform after it triggers.
Page 101 Intermodule Arming See Also "Intermodule Measurements" chapter in the HP 16500B Logic Analysis System User’s Reference or the "Correlating Measurements" chapter in the HP 16500C Logic Analysis User’s Reference for more information.
Page 102: Acquisition Control
Acquisition Control The Acquisition Control menu is used to set the acquisition mode, the trigger position within available memory, and the sample period. Acquisition Mode Field The Acquisition Mode field toggles between Manual and Automatic. When set to Automatic, the position of stored data relative to trigger and the sample rate are based on the sec/Div and delay settings in the Waveform menu.
Page 103: Trigger Position Field
The Trigger Menu Trigger Position Field Trigger Position Field The Trigger Position field accesses a selection menu with the options of Start, Center, End, User Defined, or Delay. When an option is selected, that point of the available memory is positioned relative to the trigger. A representation of this is shown by the blue graphic bar with the "Trig"...
Page 104: Sample Period Field
The Trigger Menu Sample Period Field End When the trigger position is set to End, the end point of available memory is positioned relative to the trigger point. This results in maximum pretrigger data and minimum posttrigger data. User Defined When the trigger position is set to User Defined, a Post Store field appears.
Page 105: Count Field (State Only)
The Trigger Menu Count Field (State only) Count Field (State only) The Count field is used to access a selection menu which is used to stamp the acquisition data at each memory location with either a Time tag or a State count tag.
Page 106 The Trigger Menu Count Field (State only) Time Time count places time tags on all displayed pretrigger and posttrigger data. Data stored before trigger has negative time numbers and data stored after trigger has positive time numbers. Time tag numbering is set to be either relative to the previous memory location or absolute from the trigger point.
Page 107: The Listing Menu
The Listing Menu...
Page 108 The acquired data is displayed in the order the analyzer placed the data into analyzer memory. Data is grouped and displayed by label and in a selectable numeric base. Labeled data from other analyzer modules correlated with the HP 16550A can be interleaved into the same display. Listing Menu Map The menu map on the next page illustrates all fields and the available options in the Listing menu.
Page 109 The Listing Menu Listing Menu Map 6–3...
Page 110: Markers Field
The Listing Menu Markers Field Markers Field The Markers field is used to access the markers selection menu. When the Markers field is selected, a marker selection menu appears with the marker choices available with the present analyzer configuration. State Analyzer Types In a state analyzer with time and state count turned off in the Trigger menu, only Pattern markers are available.
Page 111: Pattern Markers
Pattern Markers When Pattern markers are selected, two markers labeled X and O become available. Pattern markers identify and mark unique bit patterns in the data listing. Once the unique bit patterns are marked, they can be used as reference points or as criteria for a stop measurement.
Page 112: Find X-Pattern / O-Pattern Field
The Listing Menu Find X-pattern / O-pattern Field Find X-pattern / O-pattern Field The Find X-pattern / O-pattern field is a toggle field. When selected, the target of occurrence and trace start field assignments switches to the other marker. In addition, when this field is selected, the data listing will shift so the data marked will appear at center screen.
Page 113: Pattern Occurrence Fields
The Listing Menu Pattern Occurrence Fields Pattern Occurrence Fields The X-pattern and O-pattern occurrence fields designate which pattern occurrence the marker is placed on. The range for the occurrence counter is − 8192 to +8192. The occurrence field can be set in two ways. When the field is selected one time, it turns light blue and knob operation becomes the entry method.
Page 114: From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field
The Listing Menu From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field The from Trigger/Start/X marker field is used to access the selection pop-up for the start point of the X and O marker occurrence counters. The start points available for the green X-marker are either the trace start point or the trigger point.
Page 115: Specify Patterns Field
The Listing Menu Specify Patterns Field Specify Patterns Field The Specify Patterns field only appears when the markers are set to Pattern. When the Specify Patterns field is selected, a pop-up menu appears that is used to assign the bit patterns for the X and O markers, the X and O entering/leaving, and the Stop measurement criteria.
Page 116 The Listing Menu Specify Patterns Field X and O entering / leaving Fields (Timing only) If the analyzer is configured as Timing, the X and O pattern markers are placed at either the beginning of the pattern occurrence (entering) or at the end of the pattern occurrence (leaving).
Page 117 The Listing Menu Specify Patterns Field Pattern Display Fields The pattern display field displays the bit pattern specified for each X and O marker in all designated labels. The bit pattern is displayed in the same numeric base and same order as the data listing. When the pattern display field is selected, a pop-up keypad appears which is used to set the bit pattern.
Page 118: Label / Base Roll Field
The rolling function is the same for all items that are stored offscreen. For more information on rolling labels, base, and pods, refer to Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference for complete information.
Page 119: Stop Measurement Field
The Listing Menu Stop Measurement Field Stop Measurement Field The Stop measurement function allows you to specify a condition which stops the analyzer measurement during a repetitive run. If two analyzers are configured, both analyzers will stop when either specified stop condition is satisfied.
Page 120 The Listing Menu Stop Measurement Field The X-O option is available in the timing analyzer and in the state analyzer with its count set to Time. When X-O is selected, a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of the time period between the X and O markers and one of the following time period options is true: Less Than X-O time must be less than the time value that you specify...
Page 121 The Listing Menu Stop Measurement Field Compare When Compare is selected, a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of data in the Listing menu and data/criteria in the Reference listing of the Compare menu matches an equality selection. The equality selection is set from the Equal/Not Equal selection pop-up menu.
Page 122: Clear Pattern Field
The Listing Menu Clear Pattern Field Clear Pattern Field The Clear Pattern field is used to reset the X and O Marker pattern display fields back to default (don’t care = X). The Clear Pattern field accesses a selection menu with the choices of All, X pattern, or O pattern. Clear options Clear pattern field Clear Pattern...
Page 123: Time Markers
Time Markers Time markers are indicators located in the data listing that are used as reference marks to obtain time values between each marker, or between each marker and the trigger point. In a state analyzer, Time markers only become available when the Count field is set to Time, in the Trigger menu.
Page 124: Trig To X / Trig To O Fields
The Listing Menu Trig to X / Trig to O Fields Trig to X / Trig to O Fields The Trig to X and Trig to O fields are display fields as well as configuration fields. Marker position is set by selecting the fields, then after the fields turn light blue, rotating the Knob.
Page 125: Statistics Markers
Statistics Markers After patterns are assigned to the X and O markers, statistical information is available when markers are set to Statistics. The logic analyzer displays the following information: • Number of valid runs (runs where Pattern markers were able to be placed on specified patterns).
Page 126 The Listing Menu Trig to X / Trig to O Fields Statistics are based on the time between the X and O. Both markers must be found before valid statistical information is displayed. In repetitive run mode, the display is updated each time a valid run occurs until you select Stop.
Page 127: States Markers (State Only)
States Markers (State only) States markers are indicators located in the data listing that are used as reference marks to obtain the number of states between each marker, or between each marker and the trigger point. States markers are only available in a state analyzer with the Count field set to States, in the Trigger menu.
Page 128: Trig To X / Trig To O Fields
The Listing Menu Trig to X / Trig to O Fields Trig to X / Trig to O Fields The Trig to X and Trig to O fields are display fields as well as configuration fields. Marker position is set by selecting the fields, then after the fields turn light blue, rotating the knob.
Page 129: Data Roll Field
The Listing Menu Data Roll Field Data Roll Field The column of numbers at the far left represents the location of the acquired data in the state analyzer’s memory. The numbered positions are also known as the state locations and are relative to the trigger state location. The column of state location along with its data can be rolled to display other data by using the data roll field.
Page 130: Label And Base Fields
The rolling function is the same for all items that are stored offscreen. For more information on rolling labels, base, and pods, refer to Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference for complete information.
Page 131 The Waveform Menu...
Page 132 The Waveform Menu The Waveform menu is one of the analyzer display menus. You use the Waveform menu to view either state or timing data in a format similar to an oscilloscope display. Data is displayed with the horizontal axis representing either states or time, and the vertical axis representing logic highs and lows.
Page 133 The Waveform Menu Waveform Menu Map 7–3...
Page 134 The Waveform Menu Waveform Menu Map (cont.) 7–4...
Page 135: The Waveform Menu Acquisition Control Field
The Waveform Menu Acquisition Control Field Acquisition Control Field See Also The function of the Acquisition Control field in the Waveform menu is the same as in the Trigger menu. Refer to the "Acquisition Control Field" in the Trigger menu for complete details. Acquisition control field Acquisition control menu...
Page 136: Accumulate Field
The Waveform Menu Accumulate Field Accumulate Field The Accumulate field controls whether old data is cleared or displayed with new data. The Accumulate field will toggle On/Off. When Accumulate is on, the analyzer displays the data from a current acquisition on top of the previously acquired data.
Page 137: States Per Division Field (State Only)
The Waveform Menu States Per Division Field (State only) States Per Division Field (State only) When the analyzer Type field in the Configuration menu is set to State, the analyzer uses external clocks from the system under test. In this mode, the X axis of the waveform display is measured in states per division.
Page 138: Seconds Per Division Field (Timing Only)
The Waveform Menu Seconds Per Division Field (Timing only) Seconds Per Division Field (Timing only) When the analyzer Type field in the Configuration menu is set to Timing, the analyzer uses its own internal clock. In this mode, the X axis of the waveform display is measured in seconds per division (sec/Div).
Page 139: Delay Field
The Waveform Menu Delay Field Delay Field Depending on the analyzer configuration, a positive or negative delay measured in either states or time can be set. The Delay field allows you to scroll the data and place the display window where needed. Changing the delay will not effect the data acquisition unless it is a timing analyzer and the acquisition mode is automatic.
Page 140: Sample Period Display (Timing Only)
The Waveform Menu Sample Period Display (Timing only) Sample Period Display (Timing only) The Sample period display only appears in a timing analyzer. A sample period is the interval of time between new data samples. Every time a new sample is taken, the analyzer updates the measurement. The Current Sample period display is the sample period used for the last acquisition.
Page 141 The Waveform Menu Sample Period Display (Timing only) Timing waveforms are reconstructed relevant to the sample period. The shorter sample period puts more sample points on the waveform for a more accurate reconstruction but also fills memory quicker. If the sec/Div is changed resulting in a change in the next sample period, you must run the analyzer again before the current sample period display is updated.
Page 142: Markers Field
The Waveform Menu Markers Field Markers Field The Markers field is used to access the markers selection menu. When the Markers field is selected, a marker selection menu appears with the marker choices available under the present analyzer configuration. State Analyzer Types In a state analyzer with time and state count turned off in the Trigger menu, only Pattern markers are available.
Page 143: Pattern Markers
Pattern Markers When Pattern markers are selected, two markers labeled X and O become available. Pattern markers identify and mark unique bit patterns in the waveform display. Once the unique bit patterns are marked, they can be used as reference points or as criteria for a stop measurement.
Page 144: X-Pat / O-Pat Occurrence Fields
The Waveform Menu X-pat / O-pat Occurrence Fields X-pat / O-pat Occurrence Fields The X-pattern and O-pattern occurrence fields designate which pattern occurrence the marker is placed on. The range for the occurrence counter is from − 8192 to +8192. The occurrence field can be set in two ways.
Page 145: From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field
The Waveform Menu From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field From Trigger / Start / X Marker Field The from Trigger/Start/X marker field is used to access the selection pop-up for the start point of the X and O marker occurrence counters. The start points available for the green X marker are either the trace start point or the trigger point.
Page 146: To O Display Field (Timing Only)
The Waveform Menu X to O Display Field (Timing only) X to O Display Field (Timing only) The X to O display field only appears when the analyzer is configured as Timing. The X to O display field shows the time between the X and O markers.
Page 147: Center Screen Field
The Waveform Menu Center Screen Field Center Screen Field The Center Screen field accesses a menu which allows you to position the marked points of the waveform relative to the center of the waveform display. About Trigger The About Trigger selection is the default position. This choice will position the point of the waveform where the trigger occurred, at center screen.
Page 148: Specify Patterns Field
The Waveform Menu Specify Patterns Field Specify Patterns Field The Specify Patterns field only appears when the markers are set to Pattern. When the Specify Patterns field is selected, a pop-up menu appears that is used to assign the bit patterns for the X and O markers, the X and O entering/leaving, and the Stop measurement criteria.
Page 149 The Waveform Menu Specify Patterns Field X and O entering / leaving Fields (Timing only) In a timing analyzer, the X and O pattern markers are placed at either the beginning of the pattern occurrence (entering) or at the end of the pattern occurrence (leaving).
Page 150 The Waveform Menu Specify Patterns Field Pattern Display Fields The pattern display field displays the bit pattern specified for each X and O marker in all designated labels. The bit pattern is displayed in the same numeric base and same order as the data listing. When the pattern display field is selected, a pop-up keypad appears which is used to set the bit pattern.
Page 151: Label / Base Roll Field
For more information on rolling labels, base, and pods, refer to Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference.
Page 152: Stop Measurement Field
The Waveform Menu Stop Measurement Field Stop Measurement Field The Stop measurement function allows you to specify a condition which stops the analyzer measurement during a repetitive run. When the Stop measurement field is selected, a Stop measurement type menu appears. Depending on the analyzer configuration, you have choices of Off, X-O, and Compare.
Page 153 The Waveform Menu Stop Measurement Field The X-O option is available in the timing analyzer and in the state analyzer with its count set to Time. When X-O is selected, a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of the time period between the X and O markers and one of the following time period options is true: Less Than X-O time must be less than the time value that you specify...
Page 154 The Waveform Menu Stop Measurement Field Compare When Compare is selected, a repetitive run will be stopped when a comparison of data in the Listing menu and data and criteria in a compare image matches an equality selection. The equality selection is set from the Equal/Not Equal selection pop-up menu.
Page 155: Clear Pattern Field
The Waveform Menu Clear Pattern Field Clear Pattern Field The Clear Pattern field is used to reset the X and O Marker pattern display fields back to default (don’t care = X). The Clear Pattern field accesses a selection menu with the choices of All, X pattern, or O pattern. Clear pattern options menu Clear pattern field Clear Pattern...
Page 156: Time Markers
Time Markers Time markers are indicators located in the waveform display that are used as reference marks to obtain time values between each marker, or between each marker and the trigger point. In a state analyzer, Time markers only become available when the Count field is set to Time, in the Trigger menu.
Page 157: Trig To X / Trig To O Fields
The Waveform Menu Trig to X / Trig to O Fields Trig to X / Trig to O Fields The Trig to X and Trig to O fields display the time between the trigger point and the marker. They are also used to position the markers with reference to the vertical red trigger line.
Page 158: Marker Label / Base And Display
Bit patterns where the markers are currently placed appear next to the appropriate marker. See also Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference for complete information on assigning labels. Marker data pattern display Marker label...
Page 159: Statistics Markers
Statistics Markers After patterns are assigned to the X and O markers, statistical information is available when markers are set to Statistics. The logic analyzer displays the following information: • Number of valid runs (runs where Pattern markers were placed on specified patterns).
Page 160 The Waveform Menu Marker Label / Base and Display Statistics are based on the time between the X and O markers. Both markers must be found before valid statistical information in displayed. In repetitive run mode, the display is updated each time a valid run occurs until you press Stop.
Page 161: States Markers (State Only)
States Markers (State only) States markers are indicators located in the waveform display that are used as reference marks to obtain the number of states between each marker, or between each marker and the trigger point. State markers are only available in a state analyzer with the Count field set to States, in the Trigger menu.
Page 162: Trig To X / Trig To O Fields
The Waveform Menu Trig to X / Trig to O Fields Trig to X / Trig to O Fields The Trig to X and Trig to O fields display the time between the trigger point and the marker. They are also used to position the markers with reference to the vertical red trigger line.
Page 163: Marker Label / Base And Display
See also Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference for complete information on assigning labels. Marker Label / Base and Display Marker Label / Base and Display...
Page 164: Waveform Display
Waveform Display The waveform display area of the Waveform menu displays state and timing waveforms for labels assigned in the Format menu. If the Waveform menu is from a state analyzer, the display is state waveforms. If the Waveform menu is from a timing analyzer, the display is timing waveforms.
Page 165 The Waveform Menu Marker Label / Base and Display Display Location Reference Line At the bottom of the Waveform menu is a reference line which displays the relative location of the display window, the markers, and the trigger point with reference to the total memory. Total memory is represented by a horizontal dotted line.
Page 166: Blue Bar Field
The Waveform Menu Blue Bar Field Blue Bar Field The blue bar on the left side of the waveform display is both a display and configuration field. After all desired waveforms are configured for display, they are listed in the blue bar. If there are more waveforms than can be displayed, the list is rolled by selecting the dark blue bar, then after it turns light blue, turning the knob.
Page 167 The Waveform Menu Blue Bar Field When the Waveform Selection pop-up menu appears, select which waveforms are displayed, replaced, or modified. You can display up to 24 waveforms on screen at one time. Single waveforms or all waveforms under a label can be displayed or turned off.
Page 168: Channel Mode Field
The Waveform Menu Channel Mode Field Channel Mode Field The Channel Mode field selects which method the waveform labels are inserted into the display. All inserted labels are placed below the cursor in the blue bar field. When the Channel Mode field is selected, a selection menu appears with the choices below.
Page 169 The Waveform Menu Channel Mode Field Overlay The Overlay mode inserts all bits of a label in a single waveform to form a composite waveform label. The onscreen indication for the Overlay mode is "All" following the label name. Viewing State Data in Overlay Mode When all assigned waveforms in a label are Overlaid, the value of the data is displayed to the right of each transition in the waveform display.
Page 170: Module And Label Fields
The Waveform Menu Module and Label Fields Module and Label Fields If there are multiple timing or oscilloscope modules installed in the mainframe, waveforms from the other modules can be displayed in the waveform menu. The Module field accesses a selection list that contains the modules installed in the mainframe, are configured in a Group Run, and have timing or oscilloscope waveforms.
Page 171: Action Insert/Replace Field
The Waveform Menu Action Insert/Replace Field Action Insert/Replace Field The Action field specifies if a label or channel is inserted into the display or replaces another label or channel. Insert inserts the selected label or channel in the blue bar field below the white cursor.
Page 172: Delete And Delete All Fields
The Waveform Menu Delete and Delete All Fields Delete and Delete All Fields The Delete field is used to delete single channels within the group of displayed waveforms. To delete any single channel, you first place the cursor on the channel, then select the Delete field. You can delete all currently displayed waveforms by selecting Delete All, then selecting Continue.
Page 173: Waveform Size Field
The Waveform Menu Waveform Size Field Waveform Size Field The Waveform Size field accesses a selection menu which contains choices that scale the displayed waveforms to different sizes. A different waveform size can increase the number of waveforms in the display or make the viewing better for just a few.
Page 174 7–44...
Page 175: The Chart Menu
The Chart Menu...
Page 176 The Chart Menu State Chart is a software post-processing feature that builds x-y charts of label activity using state data. The Chart menu builds a graphical representation of the system under test. The Y-axis always represents data values for a specified label. You can select whether the X-axis represents states (i.e..
Page 177 The Chart Menu Label Value vs. Label Value Charts When labels are assigned to both axes, the chart shows how the data acquired under one label varies in relation to the other for a particular measurement. Label values are always plotted in ascending order from the bottom to the top of the chart and in ascending order from left to right across the chart.
Page 178 The Chart Menu Chart Menu Map 8–4...
Page 179 The Chart Menu Chart Menu Map (cont.) 8–5...
Page 180: Selecting The Axes For The Chart
Selecting the Axes for the Chart When using the State Chart display, you first select what data you want plotted on each axis. The vertical Y-axis will always be the data under a label. The available labels are those which you assigned in the Format menu.
Page 181: Y-Axis Label Value Field
The Chart Menu Y-axis Label Value Field Y-axis Label Value Field The Y-axis label field displays the label assigned to the vertical Y-axis. Vertical axis labels are assigned by selecting the Y-axis display field, then selecting a label from a selection list. The only label choices available are the labels that were defined in the Format menu.
Page 182: X-Axis Label / State Type Field
The Chart Menu X-axis Label / State Type Field X-axis Label / State Type Field The Label/State type field displays the axis type assigned to the horizontal axis. The X-axis represents state data values, or state memory location numbers. The X-axis type field is just to the right of "vs." text, and toggles between State and Label.
Page 183: Scaling The Axes
Scaling the Axes When the X-axis is set to State, the horizontal axis represents state memory location numbers. The range of the X-axis can be a single memory location, or a range of memory locations. When the X-axis is set to Label, the horizontal axis represents a range of data values under the selected label.
Page 184: Min And Max Scaling Fields
The Chart Menu Min and Max Scaling Fields Min and Max Scaling Fields Either axis of the x-y chart can be scaled by using the associated vertical or horizontal min (minimum) or max (maximum) value fields. When the scaling fields are selected, a pop-up keypad appears in which you specify the actual minimum and maximum values that will be displayed.
Page 185: Markers / Range Field
The Chart Menu Markers / Range Field Markers / Range Field The Marker/Range field is a toggle field that switches between Markers and Range when it is selected. If the field is set to Range, x and y range fields become available to set the chart minimum and maximum range points.
Page 186: Pattern Markers
Pattern Markers When Pattern is selected from the markers type selection menu, two markers labeled X and O become available. Pattern markers identify and mark unique bit patterns in the data listing. Once the unique bit patterns are marked, they can be used as reference points or as criteria for a stop measurement.
Page 187: Find X-Pattern / O-Pattern Field
The Chart Menu Find X-pattern / O-pattern Field Find X-pattern / O-pattern Field The Find X-pattern / O-pattern Field is a toggle field. When selected, the occurrence and trace start field assignments switches to the other marker. In addition, when this field is selected, the marker identified and the data it marks automatically shift to center screen.
Page 188: Pattern Occurrence Fields
The Chart Menu Pattern Occurrence Fields Pattern Occurrence Fields The X-pattern and O-pattern occurrence fields designate which pattern occurrence the marker is placed on. The numeric range of the occurrence field is −8192 to +8192. The occurrence field can be set in two ways. When the field is selected one time, it turns light blue and knob operation becomes the entry method.
Page 189: From Trigger / Start / X Marker Fields
The Chart Menu From Trigger / Start / X Marker Fields From Trigger / Start / X Marker Fields The from Trigger/Start/X marker field is used to access the selection pop-up menu for the start point of the X and O marker occurrence counters. The start points available for the green X marker are either the trace start point or the trigger point.
Page 190: Specify Patterns Field
The Chart Menu Specify Patterns Field Specify Patterns Field The Specify Patterns field only appears when the markers are set to Pattern. When the Specify Patterns field is selected, a pop-up menu appears that is used to assign the bit patterns for the X and O markers, and the Stop measurement criteria.
Page 191 The Chart Menu Specify Patterns Field Pattern Display Fields The pattern display fields display the bit pattern specified for each X and O marker in all designated labels. The bit pattern is displayed in the same numeric base and same order as the data listing. When the pattern display field is selected, a pop-up keypad appears which is used to set the bit pattern.
Page 192: Label / Base Roll Field
For more information on rolling labels, base, and pods, refer to Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference.
Page 193: Stop Measurement Field
The Chart Menu Stop Measurement Field Stop Measurement Field The Stop measurement function allows you to specify a condition which stops the analyzer measurement during a repetitive run. When the Stop measurement field is selected, a stop measurement type menu appears. Depending on the analyzer configuration, you have the choices of Off, X-O, and Compare.
Page 194 The Chart Menu Stop Measurement Field The X-O option is available when the Count field in the Trigger menu is set to Time. When X-O is selected, a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of the time period between the X and O markers and one of the following time period options is true: Less Than X-O time must be less than the time value that you specify in the Time field.
Page 195 The Chart Menu Stop Measurement Field Compare When Compare is selected, a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of data in the Listing menu and data and criteria in a compare image matches an equality selection. The equality selection is set from the Equal/Not Equal selection pop-up menu.
Page 196: Clear Pattern Field
The Chart Menu Clear Pattern Field Clear Pattern Field The Clear Pattern field is used to reset the X and O Marker pattern display fields back to default (don’t care = X). The Clear Pattern field accesses a selection menu with the choices of all, X pattern, or O pattern. Clear options Clear pattern field Clear Pattern...
Page 197: Time Markers
Time Markers Time markers are indicators located in the x-y chart that are used as reference marks to obtain time values between each marker, or between each marker and the trigger point. Time markers only become available when the Count field is set to Time, in the Trigger menu.
Page 198: Trig To X / Trig To O Fields
The Chart Menu Trig to X / Trig to O Fields Trig to X / Trig to O Fields The Trig to X and Trig to O fields are display fields as well as configuration fields. Marker position is set by selecting the fields, then after the fields turn light blue, rotating the knob .
Page 199: Statistics Markers
Statistics Markers After patterns are assigned to the X and O markers, statistical information is available when markers are set to Statistics. The logic analyzer displays the following information: • Number of valid runs (runs where Pattern markers were able to be placed on specified patterns).
Page 200 Statistics are based on the time between the X and O markers. Both markers must be found before valid statistical information is displayed. In repetitive run mode, the display is updated each time a valid run occurs until you select Stop. If you select Run after a Stop, the statistics continue to update without loss of information.
Page 201: States Markers
States Markers States markers are indicators located in the x-y chart that are used as reference marks to obtain the number of states between each marker, or between each marker and the trigger point. States markers are only available in a State analyzer with the Count field in the Trigger menu set to States.
Page 202: Trig To X / Trig To O Fields
The Chart Menu Trig to X / Trig to O Fields Trig to X / Trig to O Fields The Trig to X and Trig to O fields are display fields as well as configuration fields. Marker position is set by selecting the fields, then after the fields turn light blue, rotating the knob.
Page 203: The Compare Menu
The Compare Menu...
Page 204 The Compare Menu State Compare is a software post-processing feature that provides the ability to do a bit-by-bit comparison between the acquired state data listing and a reference listing. The comparison between the acquired state listing data and the data in the reference listing is done relative to the trigger points.
Page 205 The Compare Menu Compare Post-Processing Features You can view in separate listings the acquired data, your reference listing, and a listing that highlights the bits in the acquired data that do not match the corresponding bits in the reference listing. You can edit the reference listing for unique comparisons.
Page 206 The Compare Menu Compare Menu Map 9–4...
Page 207: Reference Listing Field
The Compare Menu Reference Listing Field Reference Listing Field The Reference listing and Difference listing field is a toggle field that switches the listing type between the Reference image listing and the Difference listing. The Reference listing is a display of the image (or template) that acquired data is compared to during a comparison measurement.
Page 208: Difference Listing Field
The Compare Menu Difference Listing Field Difference Listing Field The Reference listing and Difference listing field is a toggle field that switches the listing type between the Reference image listing and the Difference listing. The Difference listing is a display of the acquired data listing with the data that differs, if any, from the Reference listing, highlighted with inverse video.
Page 209 The Compare Menu Difference Listing Field The controls that roll the listing in all three menus (the normal State listing, the Reference listing, and the Difference listing) are synchronized unless the number of pretrigger states differ between the Reference listing and the acquired data.
Page 210: Copy Listing To Reference Field
The Compare Menu Copy Listing to Reference Field Copy Listing to Reference Field The initial Reference image is generated by either copying the data listing from the listing menu or by loading an analyzer configuration file which contains a Reference listing. You should be aware that if you load an analyzer configuration to get a Reference image, the other menu setups will change.
Page 211: Find Error Field
The Compare Menu Find Error Field Find Error Field The Find Error field allows you to easily locate any patterns that did not match in the last comparison. Occurrences of differences, or errors, are found in numerical ascending order from the start of the listing. The first occurrence of an error has the numerical value of one.
Page 212: Compare Full / Compare Partial Field
The Compare Menu Compare Full / Compare Partial Field Compare Full / Compare Partial Field The Compare Full/Compare Partial field is a toggle field which allows you to compare either the full range of states or define a subset of the total number of states in the Reference image to be used in the comparison.
Page 213: Mask Field
The Compare Menu Mask Field Mask Field The channel masking field is used to specify a bit, or bits in each label that you do not want compared. This causes the corresponding bits in all states to be ignored in the comparison. The Reference data image itself remains unchanged on the display.
Page 214: Specify Stop Measurement Field
The Compare Menu Specify Stop Measurement Field Specify Stop Measurement Field The Stop measurement function allows you to specify a condition which stops the analyzer measurement during a repetitive run. When the Specify Stop Measurement field is selected, a Stop measurement menu appears which is used to set the stop criteria.
Page 215 The Compare Menu Specify Stop Measurement Field Compare When Compare is selected, a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of data in the Listing menu and data and criteria in a Reference image matches an equality selection. The equality selection is set from the Equal/Not Equal selection pop-up menu.
Page 216 The Compare Menu Specify Stop Measurement Field The X-O option is available in the State analyzer with its count set to Time. When X-O is selected, a repetitive run is stopped when a comparison of the time period between the X and O markers and one of the following time period options is true.
Page 217: Data Roll Field
The Compare Menu Data Roll Field Data Roll Field The column of numbers at the far left represents the location of the acquired data in the state analyzer’s memory. The numbered positions are also known as the state locations and are relative to the trigger state location, which is always represented by 0.
Page 218: Bit Editing Field
The Compare Menu Bit Editing Field Bit Editing Field The bit editing fields are located in the center of the Reference listing display. A bit editing field exists for every label in the display unless the label’s base is ASCII or inverse assembled symbols. Bit editing field allows you to modify the values of individual bits in the Reference image or specify them as don’t compare bits.
Page 219: Label And Base Fields
For more information on rolling labels, base, and pods, refer to Labels Assignment in the "Common Module Operations" part of the HP 16500B User’s Reference or HP 16500C User’s Reference.
Page 220 9–18...
Page 221: The Mixed Display Menu
The Mixed Display Menu...
Page 222 Listing menu and Waveform menu chapters found earlier in this manual. See Also "Special displays" section of "Intermodule Measurements" chapter of the the HP 16500B or HP 16500C User’s Guide. The User’s Guide is separate from the User’s Reference, and contains many examples. 10–2...
Page 223: Intermodule Configuration
Count fields set to Time in their Trigger menus. See Also The "Intermodule Measurements" chapter in the HP 16500B User’s Reference or the "Correlating Measurements" chapter in the HP 16500C User’s Reference for complete information on intermodule operation. Intermodule Menu 10–3...
Page 224: Inserting Waveforms
The Mixed Display Menu Inserting Waveforms Inserting Waveforms To insert waveforms from other modules, use the same procedure for selecting waveforms when in the Waveform menu. See Also The "Waveform Display" in the Waveform menu chapter for information on the field definitions and the waveform selection functions. Inserted waveform from MACH 2 Waveform Display...
Page 225: Interleaving State Listings
The Mixed Display Menu Interleaving State Listings Interleaving State Listings Interleaved state listings allows you to view data from different analyzers in the same column. The process of interleaving state listings can be performed in either the Listing menu or the Mixed Display menu. If data is interleaved in the Listing menu, it will be automatically interleaved in the Mixed Display menu.
Page 226 Interleaving State Listings State listings from all other logic analyzer modules can be interleaved into the state listing of an HP 16550A. However, the HP 16510B will not accept state listings back from other products. With one exception, the process to interleave a label is the same as inserting labels.
Page 227: Time-Correlated Displays
The Mixed Display Menu Time-Correlated Displays Time-Correlated Displays Once the Time markers are set in the Waveform display area of the Mixed Display menu, time-correlated X and O Pattern markers will be displayed in both the listing and the waveform display areas. The analyzer uses a counter to track time between the triggering of one display and the triggering of the other display.
Page 228: Markers
The Mixed Display Menu Markers Markers The markers in the Mixed Display menu are not the same as in the individual Listing and Waveform menus. You must place new Time markers on your points of interest in the Mixed Display. Even though you have placed markers in the individual listing and waveform displays, the markers will not transfer to the Mixed Display menu.
Page 229 Error Messages...
Page 230 For more information If a message is encountered while running Self Tests, you can refer to the optional Service guide for information on test descriptions and troubleshooting procedures. The Service Guide is available through your HP Sales Office. 11–2...
Page 231: Error Messages Error Messages
Insufficient memory to load IAL - load aborted. There is not enough free memory to load the inverse assembler. If this message occurs with an HP 16500B/C mainframe, you may need to upgrade the memory. If this message occurs with an HP 16500A mainframe, refer to the appropriate preprocessor interface User’s Guide to see if there are...
Page 232 Reconfigure the trigger sequence to free up the additional sequence levels required. Too many sequence levels needed! This message is displayed when using HP-IB commands and when changes in a sequence level menu cause the translation to use more than the maximum number of levels available.
Page 233 Error Messages Error Messages OFF in the Format menu. Make sure the configuration is consistant across menus. This macro requires two unused patterns assigned to this machine. If the user tries to select the n-bit serial pattern macro and there are not at least two pattern resources assigned to the machine that are "unused"...
Page 234: Warning Messages
Error Messages Warning Messages Warning Messages Waiting for Prestore. This message is displayed for a timing analyzer waiting for prestore. Search failed - X pattern not found. The X pattern specified could not be found, therefore the pattern marker could not be placed in the data.
Page 235 Volts. Slave clocks may need manual adjustment. The user is trying to translate an HP 16540/41A,D configuration which has slave clocks specified. This message appears when the translation is not direct. Clock Qualifiers not fully restored. The user is trying to translate a configuration that has more than two qualifiers.
Page 236 Error Messages Warning Messages Ymin is greater than Ymax. The value assigned to Y minimum is greater than the value assigned to Y maximum. Xmin is greater than Xmax. The value assigned to X minimum is greater than the value assigned to X maximum. Ymin is equal to Ymax.
Page 237: Advisory Messages
Error Messages Advisory Messages Advisory Messages No valid data. Reference memory cleared. This advisory appears when the Copy Listing To Reference field is selected in the Compare menu and there is no listing data to copy. Insert failed - Maximum of 60 entries. 60 listing columns is the maximum number allowed.
Page 238 11–10...
Page 239: Specifications And Characteristics Specifications
Specifications and Characteristics...
Page 240 The characteristics are not specifications, but are included as additional information. For complete information on the test procedures to verify product performance, refer to the optional Service Guide. The Service Guide is available through your HP Sales Office. 12–2...
Page 241 Specifications and Characteristics Specifications Specifications The specifications are the performance standards against which the product is tested. Maximum State Speed 100 MHz Minimum State Clock Pulse Width 3.5 ns Minimum Master to Master Clock Time 10.0 ns Minimum Glitch Width 3.5 ns ±...
Page 242: Characteristics
Maximum State Tag Count 4.29 x 10 2Channel count is doubled when two HP 16550A cards are connected together. 3Maximum state clock rate with time or state tags on is 100 MHz. When all pods are assigned to a state or timing machine, time or state tags halve the memory depth.
Page 243 Specifications and Characteristics Characteristics Timing Analysis Sample Period Accuracy 0.01 % of sample period Channel-to-Channel Skew 2 ns, typical ± (sample period + chan-to-chan skew Time Interval Accuracy + 0.01% of time reading) Triggering Sequencer Speed 125 MHz, maximum State Sequence Levels Timing Sequence Levels Max.
Page 244 Specifications and Characteristics Characteristics Measurement and Display Functions Arming Each module can be armed by the RUN field, external PORT IN, or by another module via the Intermodule Bus (IMB). Displayed Waveforms 24 lines maximum, with scrolling across 96 waveforms. Measurement Functions Run/Stop Functions Run Starts acquisition of data in specified trace mode.
Page 245 Bases Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal, ASCII (display only), Two’s Complement, and User-defined symbols. Symbols 500 maximum. Symbols can be downloaded over RS-232, HP-IB, or Ethernet LAN. Marker Functions Time Interval The X and O markers measure the time interval between...
Page 246 Specifications and Characteristics Characteristics Auxiliary Power Power Through Cables 1/3 amp at 5 V maximum per cable Operating Environment Instrument, 0 °C to 55 °C (+32 °F to 131 °F). Temperature Probe lead sets and cables, 0 °C to 65 °C (+32 °F to 149 °F). Humidity Instrument, probe lead sets, and cables, up to 95% relative humidity at +40 °C (+122 °F).
Page 247 Installation and Testing...
Page 248 Preparing For Use This chapter gives you instructions for preparing the logic analyzer module for use. Power Requirements All power supplies required for operating the logic analyzer are supplied through the backplane connector in the mainframe. Operating Environment The operating environment is listed in chapter 12. Note the non-condensing humidity limitation.
Page 249: Installation And Testing To Inspect The Module
Installation and Testing To inspect the module To inspect the module Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or cushioning material is damaged, keep them until you have checked the contents of the shipment and checked the instrument mechanically and electrically.
Page 250 Installation and Testing To prepare the mainframe Loosen the thumb screws. Cards or filler panels below the slots intended for installation do not have to be removed. Starting from the top, loosen the thumb screws on filler panels and cards that need to be moved.
Page 251: To Configure A One-Card Module
Installation and Testing To configure a one-card module To configure a one-card module • When shipped separately, the module is configured as a one-card module. The cables should be connected as shown in the figure. • To configure a two-card module into a one-card module, remove the cables connecting the two cards, then connect the cables as shown.
Page 252: To Configure A Two-Card Module
Installation and Testing To configure a two-card module To configure a two-card module Directions for connecting the cables are printed on the circuit board. To configure a two-card module, connect the cables as follows. Disconnect the two cables from J4 and J5 and from J7 and J8 on the card to go in the upper slot (see illustration next page).
Page 253 Installation and Testing To configure a two-card module Cabling a Two-card Module 13–7...
Page 254: To Install The Module
Installation and Testing To install the module To install the module Slide the cards above the slots for the module about halfway out of the mainframe. With the probe cables facing away from the instrument, slide the module approximately halfway into the mainframe. Slide the complete module into the mainframe, but not completely in.
Page 255 Installation and Testing To install the module Correct air circulation keeps the instrument from overheating. For correct C A U T I O N air circulation, filler panels must be installed in all unused card slots. Keep any extra filler panels for future use. 13–9...
Page 256: To Test The Module
• If you require a test to verify the specifications, you must obtain the optional Service Guide from your HP Sales Office. Start at the beginning of chapter 3, "Testing Performance." • If the module does not operate correctly, use the optional Service Guide and go to the beginning of chapter 5, "Troubleshooting."...
Page 257 Installation and Testing To perform the self-tests On the test system screen, touch Test System. Select the 100 MHz/500 MHz LA module to be tested. Touch All Analyzer Tests. You can run all tests at one time by touching All Analyzer Tests. To see more details about each test when troubleshooting failures, you can run each test individually.
Page 258: To Clean The Logic Analyzer Module
Installation and Testing To clean the logic analyzer module Touch 100/500 MHz LA. If more logic analyzer cards are to be tested, select the next card, then repeat the test. When all cards are tested, touch 100/500 MHz, then select Test System. Touch Configuration, then select Exit Test.
Page 259 Index find x-pattern/o-pattern fields, 8–13 Configuration File Translation, 2–5 () field less than, 5–22 from trigger/start/x-marker field, 8–15 Configuration Menu, 3–2 () field greater than, 5–22 label and base fields, 8–18 activity indicators, 3–7 markers field, 8–11 menu map, 3–2 menu map, 8–3 name: field, 3–3 min and max scaling fields, 8–10...
Page 260 Marker Label/Base and Display, 7–28, Occurrence field, 6–7, 7–14, 8–14 probing, 2–3 7–30, 7–33, 7–35 Occurs Field, 5–23 interfaces Markers HP-IB, 1–2 chart menu, 8–12 RS-232C, 1–2 listing menu, 6–5 Pattern durations, using, 5–22 Intermodule Configuration mixed display menu, 10–8 Pattern Markers, 6–5, 7–13, 8–12...
Page 261 Index Probing, 2–2 Setup/Hold field, 4–22 to 4–23 Timing Acquisition Mode Field, 4–5 to assembly, 2–11 to 2–14 Signal Line Loading, 2–10 4–12 general purpose, 2–2 Specify Patterns field, 6–9 to 6–11, 7–18 Transitional Timing, 4–6 grabbers, 2–9 to 7–20, 8–16 to 8–17 full channel 125MHz mode, 4–7 maximum probe input voltage, 2–10, Specify Stop Measurement, 9–12 to 9–14...
Page 262 Index trig to X/trig to O fields, 7–27, 7–32 waveform display, 7–34 x and o entering/leaving fields, 7–19 X to O display, 7–32 X to O display field, 7–16 x-pattern/o-pattern field occurrence field, 7–14 Waveform reconstruction, 7–11 Waveform Size, 7–43 X to O Display Field, 6–18, 6–22, 7–32, 8–24, 8–28 X to O field, 7–16...
Page 263 • Service instructions are for ø Copyright Hewlett- Safety Safety Symbols Packard Company 1992-1997 trained service personnel. To This apparatus has been avoid dangerous electric All Rights Reserved. designed and tested in shock, do not perform any accordance with IEC Instruction manual symbol: service unless qualified to do Publication 348, Safety...
Page 264: Publication Number
Product Warranty No other warranty is About this edition expressed or implied. This Hewlett-Packard This is the HP 16550A Hewlett-Packard specifically product has a warranty 100-MHz State 500-MHz disclaims the implied against defects in material Timing Logic Analyzer warranties or merchantability and workmanship for a period User’s Reference.
Page 265: Declaration Of Conformity
1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA declares, that the product Product Name: Logic Analyzer Module Model Number(s): HP 16550A Product Option(s): conforms to the following Product Specifications: Safety: IEC 348:1978 / HD 401 S1:1981 UL 1244 CSA-C22.2 No.
Page 266 Product Regulations Safety IEC 348:1978 / HD 401 S1:1981 UL 1244 CSA-C22.2 No.231 (Series M-89) This Product meets the requirement of the European Communities (EC) EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. Emissions EN55011/CISPR 11 (ISM, Group 1, Class A equipment) Immunity EN50082-1 Code Notes IEC 555-2 IEC 555-3...

HP 16550A User Reference

1 General Information Configuration Capabilities

2 Probing

3 The Configuration Menu

4 The Format Menu

5 The Trigger Menu

6 The Listing Menu

7 The Waveform Menu Acquisition Control Field

8 The Chart Menu

9 The Compare Menu

11 Error Messages Error Messages

12 Specifications and Characteristics Specifications

13 Installation and Testing to Inspect the Module

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Summary of Contents for HP 16550A