Alpha 9500 HF Operating Manual
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Alpha 9500 HF Operating Manual

Hf linear power amplifier
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Alpha Radio Products
Product Release 1
Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier
Operating Manual
DOCNUMBER 9500
Document Issue 1, Revision 7
June 2009
Alpha Radio Products
www.alpharadioproducts.com
Product Release 1
Document Issue 1, Revision 7
June 2009
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  • Page 1 Alpha Radio Products Product Release 1 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products www.alpharadioproducts.com Product Release 1 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 June 2009 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 June 2009...

  • Page 2: Alpha Radio Products Product Release

    Prepared for Alpha Radio Products by: MRH/LJW Technical contact: service@alpharadioproducts.com To obtain copies of this document, go to www.alpharadioproducts.com Copyright © 2007–2009 Alpha Radio Products, Inc. All rights reserved. Specifications subject to change without notice. DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents Alpha Radio Products Product Release 1 Contents 1. Introduction ........1-1 1.1 Product Description 1-1...
  • Page 4 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Contents Product Release 1 6.4 Tune the Amplifier 6-5 6.5 Program the Amplifier Memory 6-9 7. Operating the Amplifier from a PC Interface ....7-1 7.1 Set Up to Operate from a PC 7-2...
  • Page 5 List of Procedures Alpha Radio Products Product Release 1 List of Procedures Procedure 4-1, “Prepare your station,” page 4–1 Procedure 5-1, “Unpack the amplifier and transformer,” page 5–1 Procedure 5-2, “Install the transformer,” page 5–3 Procedure 5-3, “Connect the transformer,” page 5–4 Procedure 5-4, “Connect the cables,”...
  • Page 6 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products List of Procedures Product Release 1 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 June 2009...

  • Page 7: Introduction

    1.1 Product Description 1–1 1.2 Product Capabilities 1–2 1.3 Safety Considerations 1–2 1.4 Related Products 1–3 1.5 Assistance 1–4 Congratulations on your purchase of a professional-quality Alpha 9500 HF linear amplifier. 1.1 Product Description The ALPHA 9500 (see Figure 1-1) is a self-contained auto-tune HF linear power amplifier.

  • Page 8: Product Capabilities

    1.2 Product Capabilities Product capabilities include: • Continuous RF output. The ALPHA 9500 is capable of 1.5 kW continuous RF output on all commonly used modes and on any authorized amateur frequency from 1.8 to 29.7 MHz (other than the 60-MHz band).

  • Page 9: Related Products

    Never allow liquids to enter the amplifier through the cover holes. • Never cover or obscure the exhaust holes in the cover of the amp. 1.4 Related Products Other Alpha products available to enhance your use of the ALPHA 9500 include: • ALPHA 2100 full-1500 W-rated 50-ohm dummy loads •...

  • Page 10: Assistance

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Introduction Product Release 1 1.5 Assistance Technical assistance from Alpha Radio Products is available from several sources. • Go to our website at www.alpharadioproducts.com and click Support. On this site you can get the following assistance: •...

  • Page 11: Amplifier Components

    2.8 Output-Tank Circuit 2–6 2.9 Power Supply 2–7 2.10 Tube and Tube Deck 2–8 The ALPHA 9500 uses a single 3CX1500 (8877) high-mu external-anode triode ceramic tube for amplification. The main power supply is an unregulated transformer/rectifier/capacitor power supply for the high- voltage (HV) and heater circuits.

  • Page 12: Cathode (Input-Match) Board

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Amplifier Components Product Release 1 Figure 2-1 Amplifier front and interior Figure 2-2 Amplifier back 2.1 Cathode (Input-Match) Board The cathode board, housed in the tube deck, consists of a set of Pi filters controlled by a set of five relays that are enabled based on the band-switch setting.

  • Page 13: Center-Partition Board

    The center-partition board contains the RF decoupling circuit on the B+ line as well as the crowbar safety circuit. When you remove the top cover of the ALPHA 9500, the spring metal of this safety device shorts out the B+ line.
  • Page 14 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Amplifier Components Product Release 1 IMPORTANT Note that the front panel has, in the upper-right corner, a 7-segment LED display (so named because one can, by individually turning on or off each of just 7 simple bars, display any single digit 0 to 9). The display contains 4 such digits.

  • Page 15: Display Board

    LEDs and 7-segment display and push buttons; and the sound controller. 2.6 Firmware The ALPHA 9500 firmware revolves around the Inter-IC (I2C) bus, developed by Philips for the control of medium-to-high-scale consumer electronics. This bus allows a master controller to communicate with a number of slaves.

  • Page 16: Master-Control Board

    A standard 9-pin RS-232 serial port is provided for control and monitoring and is found on the back of the ALPHA 9500. A USB port is also provided. Either port may be used, but only one may be active at any one time.

  • Page 17: Power Supply

    Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Amplifier Components 2.9 Power Supply The power supply has two major sections: a switch-mode supply for the logic circuitry and a conventional transformer supply for all other voltages.

  • Page 18: Tube And Tube Deck

    2.10 Tube and Tube Deck The ALPHA 9500 uses a single 8877 triode tube. The tube operates well within its published ratings. It is operated in Class AB1, with a plate voltage of 3300 V (nominal, full output, key down) and a cathode voltage of 9.4 V.

  • Page 19: Installation Overview

    3.5 Connect the Cables 3–3 3.6 Set the Input Drive 3–3 3.7 Connect the Transceiver 3–3 This chapter provides a brief overview of the ALPHA 9500 installation process. Do you already have a well-designed shack and have you used an amplifier before? •...

  • Page 20: Unpack The Amplifier And Transformer

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Installation Overview Product Release 1 3.2 Unpack the Amplifier and Transformer SEE . . . Section 5.1, “Unpack the Amplifier and Transformer,” page 5–1 Step 1 Remove the amplifier and transformer from their cartons.

  • Page 21: Connect The Cables

    Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Installation Overview 3.5 Connect the Cables SEE . . . Section 5.4, “Connect the Cables,” page 5–7 Step 1 Connect the power cord. Step 2 Adjust the 8877 tube and exhaust chimney.
  • Page 22 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Installation Overview Product Release 1 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 Page 3–4 June 2009...

  • Page 23: Preparing Your Station

    4.2 Limitations of Operation at 90–130 VAC 4–4 4.1 Prepare Your Station The ALPHA 9500 is capable of dramatically improving the performance of your amateur station. It is important that you observe good engineering practices to achieve all the benefits of such a station in a safe and reliable manner.

  • Page 24: Step 2 Provide Proper Airflow

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Preparing Your Station Product Release 1 Although the amplifier can run when connected to a 110 VAC outlet, you WILL NOT achieve full-legal-limit output in this case. Rather, you should not expect more than 1000 W output. For more information on the limitations of operation when connected to a 110 VAC outlet, see 4.2,...

  • Page 25: Step 4 Provide Adequate Rf Cabling

    Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Preparing Your Station Many antennas that are suitable for general use are unsuited for operation with a full 1500 W of power. At this power level in a 50-ohm circuit, the RMS current is 5.5A and the peak RF voltage is 387 V.

  • Page 26: Limitations Of Operation At 90-130 Vac

    Electrical-power equipment draws twice as much primary current from 120 V mains as from 240-V mains. Therefore, if you operate the ALPHA 9500 on typical 120 V/20 A household circuit without exceeding the 20-A circuit rating, you limit maximum peak power output to about 600–1000 W.
  • Page 27 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Preparing Your Station If your line voltage is below 110 V under load, do not expect to be able to get 1500 W output (see Table 4-1).
  • Page 28 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Preparing Your Station Product Release 1 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 Page 4–6 June 2009...

  • Page 29: Setting Up The Amplifier

    5.6 Connect the Transceiver 5–10 IMPORTANT The ALPHA 9500 is extremely easy to set up, tune, operate, and maintain. However, failure to carry out each procedure exactly as described in this manual is likely to lead to amplifier damage, which is not covered under warranty.
  • Page 30 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Setting Up the Amplifier Product Release 1 3b Remove the cover screws (Figure 5-1) and the cover. Figure 5-1 Cover screws 3c Rotate the amplifier onto its right hand side.

  • Page 31: Install The Transformer

    Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Setting Up the Amplifier 5.2 Install the Transformer • NOTE The transformer is very heavy. When moving it, use due caution and handle only by the lifting handle.

  • Page 32: Connect The Transformer

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Setting Up the Amplifier Product Release 1 Figure 5-4 Securing transformer Step 4 Carefully rotate the amplifier back to its standard orientation. 5.3 Connect the Transformer Procedure 5-3 Connect the transformer Step 1 Connect the transformer to the chassis.
  • Page 33 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Setting Up the Amplifier Figure 5-6 Transformer’s 7-pin HV connector (top) and 2-pin mains connector (bottom) 2b Carefully route the transformer’s HV connector below all of the other bundled wires.
  • Page 34 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Setting Up the Amplifier Product Release 1 2c Align the transformer’s HV connector with the amplifier’s HV board connector, with all pins in their appropriate slots, then gently but firmly push the connectors together so that they are fully mated.

  • Page 35: Connect The Cables

    WARNING WARNING! To avoid the hazard of a potentially fatal electric shock and/or severe damage to the ALPHA 9500 and other equipment: • ALWAYS use an AC plug that is appropriate for the primary mains voltage, current rating, and configuration.
  • Page 36 WARNING! Do not attempt to operate the amplifier with the cover removed or placed on the unit without the attachment screws. Doing so damages the ALPHA 9500 and may also cause injury or death to the operator. DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 Page 5–8...
  • Page 37 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Setting Up the Amplifier Step 4 Place the amplifier in its operating position on a stable surface with sufficient space to the rear, sides, and top to allow good air flow and safe placement of cables.

  • Page 38: Set The Input Drive

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Setting Up the Amplifier Product Release 1 5.5 Set the Input Drive You must set the transceiver output power properly. Virtually all damage to date has resulted directly from severe overdrive. The amplifier requires 50-W drive for full rated output.
  • Page 39 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Setting Up the Amplifier Table 5-1 Popular transceivers Transceiver Connection and keying information Kenwood RF — T/R — For information on connecting to external amplifiers, see the transceiver user manual.
  • Page 40 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Setting Up the Amplifier Product Release 1 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 Page 5–12 June 2009...

  • Page 41: Tune The Amplifier

    Alpha Radio Products Product Release 1 Operating the Amplifier 6.1 Operate the Amplifier 6–1 6.2 (Optional) Set Up to Operate from a PC 6–3 6.3 Put the Amplifier into the Desired State 6–3 6.4 Tune the Amplifier 6–5 6.5 Program the Amplifier Memory 6–9...

  • Page 42: Step 3

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier Product Release 1 • If the value is <3300 V, check your outlet, the wiring of the plug, and the grounding of the equipment in your shack. If you have variable or unstable power, you can force the amplifier to always choose a particular tap setting.

  • Page 43: Optional) Set Up To Operate From A Pc

    For more information, see Chapter 7, “Operating the Amplifier from a PC Interface.” 6.3 Put the Amplifier into the Desired State The ALPHA 9500 can be in one of seven states at any instant. These are shown in Table 6-1 and described below.

  • Page 44: Docnumber 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier Product Release 1 Table 6-1 Amplifier states State Amplifier Status ON 1: Amplifier is being used with exciter only. No tube heater or HV ON 2, warmup: Tube is warming up. HV present.

  • Page 45: Tune The Amplifier

    The amplifier is now fully operational and delivering power to the load. 6.4 Tune the Amplifier The ALPHA 9500 has an autotune feature for tuning to the desired frequency. You can turn the feature on and off. You might want to turn it...

  • Page 46: Procedure

    Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier Product Release 1 REMEMBER If you need to retune, key the amplifier and press the MEMORY/AUTO button once. Remember If the amplifier does not retune, with the amplifier keyed, press the TUNE (down) button once or twice, which forces the amplifier to recheck the gain and retune.
  • Page 47 If you do not save settings for any one of the segment locations in User 1, the factory-set values are applied to that location (the Alpha 50 ohm dummy load values that may or may not be correct for your antenna and your station).
  • Page 48 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier Product Release 1 Action Result Step 11 To change the default antenna to a The new antenna port value is now different port for all User 2...

  • Page 49: Program The Amplifier Memory

    Product Release 1 Operating the Amplifier 6.5 Program the Amplifier Memory The ALPHA 9500 has 5 memory settings per band per user (default, User 1, and User 2). Each memory setting holds 3 values: frequency, tune, and load. These capacitor settings are made at the factory by tuning into a 50-ohm load, saving the settings, and migrating them to the appropriate memory bank.
  • Page 50 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier Product Release 1 Procedure 6-3 Program the memory Action Result Step 1 Tune the amplifier to the desired frequency in the User 1 or User 2 position and the correct antenna port to be saved.
  • Page 51 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Operating the Amplifier DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 June 2009 Page 6–11...
  • Page 52 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier Product Release 1 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 Page 6–12 June 2009...

  • Page 53: Operating The Amplifier From A Pc Interface

    7.1 Set Up to Operate from a PC 7–2 7.2 Operate from the PC 7–2 The Alpha Remote (AR) AR9500 PC application allows you to access all functions and features of the ALPHA 9500 from your PC. From this application you can view and use: •...

  • Page 54: Operate From The Pc

    — 1 parity bit — No flow control • The ALPHA 9500 has both a 9-pin serial port and a USB port on the back. Only one of these can be active at a time. Step 1 Locate the amplifier’s USB driver (filename CDM-setup.exe) from the ALPHA website or the CD supplied with the amplifier.
  • Page 55 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Operating the Amplifier from a PC Interface Main window From the main window you can: • View a list of available COM ports from the drop-down menu labeled COM Port.
  • Page 56 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier from a PC Interface Product Release 1 Simulated front panel From the simulated front panel you can click any button just as you would press the button from the amplifier itself.
  • Page 57 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Operating the Amplifier from a PC Interface Whether or not any of this data is displayed is controlled by options selected in the Options menu. Options menu From the Options menu, if you Select Windows, the following menu appears.
  • Page 58 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Operating the Amplifier from a PC Interface Product Release 1 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 Page 7–6 June 2009...

  • Page 59: Maintaining And Upgrading The Amplifier

    8.4 Upgrade Firmware 8–4 IMPORTANT • The ALPHA 9500 is extremely easy to set up, operate, and maintain. However, failure to carry out each procedure exactly as described in this manual is likely to lead to amplifier damage, which is not covered under warranty. Damage to other station equipment may also result.

  • Page 60: Retune The Amplifier

    At the factory, the amplifier is tested and tuned into an ALPHA 2100, 50- ohm dummy load and the correct tune and load capacitor values are stored into the default memory-segment positions.

  • Page 61: Replace The Tube And Fuses

    Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier When you first install the amplifier, you must save the tune and load settings for your setup and antennas to the User 1 memory. Note that, for each band, there are five segment values, representing five different frequencies across that band.

  • Page 62: Upgrade Firmware

    Occasionally, new firmware for the ALPHA 9500 control board becomes available for download from the Alpha website. Go to the Alpha website, retrieve the firmware, and store it on your PC. Then choose one of the following procedures and follow it to install firmware.
  • Page 63 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier On the Primary Board Procedure 8-4 Upgrade firmware on the primary board Step 1 With the amplifier plugged into the power supply, turn the amplifier off.
  • Page 64 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier Product Release 1 NOTE: The bootloader menus for setting the COM port and the baud rate are a little quirky. Although it may look as if there are no other options from which to choose, there is a little area on the drop- down menu where you can click to show the other choices.
  • Page 65 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier Upgrading the firmware on these boards requires a few more simple steps. The biggest difference with these upgrades is that you must remove the cover and front panel to access these boards.
  • Page 66 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier Product Release 1 Figure 8-4 Sound generator board Figure 8-5 Stepper motor board Procedure 8-5 Upgrade firmware on the secondary boards IMPORTANT Before you start, review all steps. If you are unsure of any step, call Alpha Radio Products.
  • Page 67 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier WARNING WARNING! Disconnect the AC line cord from the power source before lifting the cover for any reason. Step 4 Remove the transformer and front panel assembly.
  • Page 68 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier Product Release 1 Figure 8-8 Programming cable, end 2 Figure 8-9 3-pin header Step 7 Connect the reset-push-button cable to the 5-pin connector. Step 8 Plug the amplifier in but DO NOT turn it on.
  • Page 69 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier Step 10 On the bootloader, choose the correct filename for the board to be upgraded. Board Filename Display Display_Controller_FP_Vx_xx.HEX Mains High_Voltage_Mains_Board_Vx_xx.HEX ound generator Sound_Generator_FP_V .HEX...
  • Page 70 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Maintaining and Upgrading the Amplifier Product Release 1 DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 Page 8–12 June 2009...

  • Page 71: Diagnosing Faults

    Alpha Radio Products Product Release 1 Diagnosing Faults 9.1 Overview 9–1 9.2 Fault Codes and Resolutions 9–1 9.1 Overview One of four situations typically results in a fault: Table 9-1 Fault situations Fault Fault description type Amplifier action Incorrect gain (output too low or too...
  • Page 72 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Diagnosing Faults Product Release 1 Table 9-2 Fault code summary Number Description Vp under voltage Output relay closure fail Output relay may be stuck Bandswitch set failure Tune cap zero failure...
  • Page 73 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Diagnosing Faults As noted previously, this fault (and several others) are inhibited (disabled) if the drive power into the amplifier from the exciter is less than 20 W.
  • Page 74 It is possible to operate the amplifier with some of these less-than-perfect power sources by enabling the force-tap-selection option. For information on how to force tap selection, contact ALPHA technical support. 1. Measure the line voltage using an accurate voltmeter. Compare this Resolution value with the reported value in the amplifier telemetry stream.
  • Page 75 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Diagnosing Faults Fault code 3 Soft Ip trip. Description The current in the high voltage (HV) circuit is greater than 1.6 A. Explanation Normal plate current for the amplifier at 1.5 kW output power is in the range 0.8 to 1.1 A.
  • Page 76 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Diagnosing Faults Product Release 1 1. Ensure that the mains board is selecting the correct primary Resolution transformer tap. See fault code 2 for information on how to do this.
  • Page 77 AR9500 PC application. If the capacitor responds, the fault may have cleared. 3. If the fault persists, contact ALPHA technical support. If possible, send them the contents of the fault log. To display the fault log, from the AR9500 PC application, open the Fault window and select Tools >...
  • Page 78 AR9500 PC application. If the capacitor responds, the fault may have cleared. 3. If the fault persists, contact ALPHA technical support. If possible, send them the contents of the fault log. To display the fault log, from the AR9500 PC application, open the Fault window and select Tools >...
  • Page 79 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Diagnosing Faults 5. Ensure that amplifier is being operated with a tuning condition that does not result in poor efficiency. 6. Ensure that the tube standing bias (keyed, with no RF) is not greater than 500 mA.
  • Page 80 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Diagnosing Faults Product Release 1 • Reduce the drive or retune. Resolution Fault code 16 Autotune failure. Description The autotune algorithm has encountered a problem that causes it to go...

  • Page 81: Terminology

    — Decibel. Logarithmic unit of measure of the power of sound relative to a reference level. exciter — Radio that provides RF drive for the ALPHA 9500 to operate. DOCNUMBER 9500 Document Issue 1, Revision 7 June 2009 Terminology–1...
  • Page 82 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Terminology Product Release 1 FCC — FSK — Federal Communications Commission. Frequency-shift keying. Type of For more information, go to www.fcc.gov. frequency modulation in which information is conveyed by shifts in the output frequency FM —...
  • Page 83 Alpha Radio Products Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Product Release 1 Terminology mA — MHz — Milliampere. 10-6 A. Megahertz. 106 Hz. OPR — PCB — Operate. Printed circuit board. Board that mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components.
  • Page 84 Alpha 9500 HF Linear Amplifier Operating Manual Alpha Radio Products Terminology Product Release 1 adjacent node (minimum). Measure of antenna and feedline efficiency. T/R — transceiver — Transmit /receive. Device that has both a transmitter and a receiver within the same circuitry or chassis.

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