Related Manuals for Axis Network video
Summary of Contents for Axis Network video
- Page 1 Technical guide to network video. Technologies and factors to consider for the successful deployment of IP-based security surveillance and remote monitoring applications.
- Page 2 The best in network video Axis is the global market leader in network video. We were first to bring the benefits of network video technology to professional video surveillance and remote monitoring applications, intro- ducing the world’s first network camera in 1996. With more than two decades of experience in...
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Network video: overview, benefits and applications 7 Overview of a network video system Benefits Applications 1.3.1 Retail 1.3.2 Transportation 1.3.3 Education 1.3.4 Industrial 1.3.5 City surveillance 1.3.6 Government 1.3.7 Healthcare 1.3.8 Banking and finance... - Page 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Camera protection and housings Camera enclosures in general Transparent covering Positioning a fixed camera in a housing Environmental protection Vandal and tampering protection 4.5.1 Camera/housing design 4.5.2 Mounting 4.5.3 Camera placement 4.5.4 Intelligent video Types of mounting 4.6.1 Ceiling mounts 4.6.2...
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
9.1.1 Types of Ethernet networks 9.1.2. Switch 9.1.3 Power over Ethernet The Internet 9.2.1 IP addressing 9.2.2 Data transport protocols for network video VLANs Quality of Service Network Security 9.5.1 Username and password authentication 9.5.2 IP address filtering 9.5.3 IEEE 802.1X 9.5.4... - Page 6 11.4.5 Industrial control systems 11.4.6 RFID Bandwidth and storage considerations 12.1 Bandwidth and storage calculations 12.1.1 Bandwidth needs 12.1.2 Calculating storage needs 12.2 Server-based storage 12.3 NAS and SAN 12.4 Redundant storage 12.5 System configurations Tools and resources Axis Communications’ Academy Contact information...
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Page 7: Network Video: Overview, Benefits And Applications
A network video system allows video to be monitored and recorded from anywhere on the net- work, whether it is, for instance, on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) -
Page 8: Benefits
The other components including the network, storage and servers are all standard IT equipment. The core components of a network video system consist of the network camera, the video encoder (used to connect to analog cameras), the network, the server and storage, and video management software. - Page 9 2, 3 and 6. Image quality can also be more easily retained in a network video system than in an analog surveillance system. With analog systems today that use a DVR as the recording medium, many analog-to-digital conversions take place: first, analog signals are converted in the camera to digital and then back to analog for transportation;...
- Page 10 This is not the case with an analog system. In...
- Page 11 Furthermore, Power over Ethernet technology, which cannot be applied in an analog video system, can be used in a network video system. PoE enables networked devices to receive power from a PoE-enabled switch or midspan through the same Ethernet cable that transports data (video).
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Page 12: Applications
Network video can also help identify the most popular areas of a store and provide a record of consumer activity and buying behaviors that will help optimize the layout of a store or display. -
Page 13: Industrial
NETWORk VIDEO: OVERVIEW, BENEFITS AND APPLICATIONS - CHAPTER 1 which to base their decisions. Network video can also be used for remote learning; for example, for students who are unable to attend lectures in person. 1.3.4 Industrial Network video can be used to monitor and increase efficiencies in manufacturing lines, processes and logistic systems, and for securing warehouses and stock control systems. -
Page 14: Banking And Finance
Network video is a proven technology and the shift from analog systems to IP-Surveillance is rapidly taking place in the video surveillance industry. For case studies, visit www.axis.com/... -
Page 15: Network Cameras
1394 port, and to use it, software must be installed on the PC. A network camera provides web server, FTP (File Transfer Protocol), and e-mail functionalities, and includes many other IP net- work and security protocols. LAN/Internet Axis network camera PoE switch Computer with video management software... -
Page 16: Types Of Network Cameras
Transfer Protocol). For more on video compression formats and networking protocols, see chapters 7 and 9, respectively. In addition to capturing video, Axis network cameras provide event management and intelligent video functionalities such as video motion detection, audio detection, active tampering alarm and auto-tracking. -
Page 17: Fixed Network Cameras
IP66-rated for outdoor installations. No external housing is required. The mounting of such a camera is usually on a wall or ceiling. Figure 2.2b Fixed dome network cameras. From left to right: AXIS 209FD and AXIS 216FD (also available in ruggedized and megapixel versions), AXIS P3301 and AXIS 225FD. -
Page 18: Ptz Cameras And Ptz Dome Cameras
> Privacy masking. Privacy masking, which allows certain areas of a scene to be blocked or masked from viewing and recording, can be made available in various network video products. In a PTZ camera or PTZ dome camera, the functionality has the ability to maintain the privacy masking even as the camera’s field of view changes since the masking moves... - Page 19 It means that the camera cannot follow a person walking continuously in a full circle around the camera. Exceptions are PTZ cameras that have the Auto-flip functionality; for example, AXIS 215 PTZ Network Camera. > PTZ network cameras are not made for continuous automatic operation or so-called guard tours where the camera automatically moves from one preset position to the next.
- Page 20 The optical zoom on PTZ cameras typically ranges from 10x to 26x. A PTZ camera can be mounted on a ceiling or wall. Figure 2.2d PTZ network cameras. From left to right: AXIS 212 PTZ-V (non-mechanical), AXIS 213 PTZ, AXIS 214 PTZ and AXIS 215 PTZ.
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Page 21: Day And Night Network Cameras
This type of camera is usually mounted on a ceiling if used indoors, or on a pole or wall of a building in outdoor installations. Figure 2.2f PTZ dome network cameras. From left to right: AXIS 231D+, AXIS 232D+, AXIS 233D. Day and night network cameras All types of network cameras—fixed, fixed dome, PTZ, and PTZ dome—can offer day and night... - Page 22 CHAPTER 2 - NETWORk CAMERAS Near-infrared light, which spans from 700 nanometers (nm) up to about 1000 nm, is beyond what the human eye can see, but most camera sensors can detect it and make use of it. During the day, a day and night camera uses an IR-cut filter. IR light is filtered out so that it does not distort the colors of images as the human eye sees them.
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Page 23: Megapixel Network Cameras
An IR illuminator that provides near-infrared light can also be used in conjunction with a day and night camera to further enhance the camera’s ability to produce high-quality video in low- light or nighttime conditions. For more information on IR illuminators, visit Axis’ website at www.axis.com/products/cam_irillum Figure 2.3c At left, image without an IR illuminator;... -
Page 24: Guidelines For Selecting A Network Camera
IR lamps is needed. Keep in mind that lux measurements on network cameras are not comparable among different network video product vendors as there is no industry standard for measuring light sensitivity. - Page 25 For more on compression, see Chapter 7. > Audio. If audio is required, consider whether one- or two-way audio is needed. Axis network cameras with audio support come with a built-in microphone and/or an input for an external microphone and a speaker or a line out for external speakers.
- Page 26 Another important consideration, outside of the network camera itself, is the selection of the network video product vendor. Since needs grow and change, the vendor should be seen as a partner, and a long-term one. This means that it is important to select a vendor that offers a full product line of network video products and accessories that can meet the needs now and well into the future.
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Page 27: Camera Elements
CAMERA ELEMENTS - CHAPTER 3 Camera elements There are a number of camera elements that have an impact on image quality and field of view and are, therefore, important to understand when choosing a network camera. The elements include the light sensitivity of a camera, the type of lens, type of image sensor and scanning technique, as well as image processing functionalities, all of which are discussed in this chapter. -
Page 28: Lens Elements
(www.axis.com/tools), both of which are available from Axis. The size of a network camera’s image sensor, typically 1/4”, 1/3”, 1/2” and 2/3”, must also be used in the calculation. (The drawback of using a lens calculator is that it does... - Page 29 CAMERA ELEMENTS - CHAPTER 3 The field of view can be classified into three types: > Normal view: offering the same field of view as the human eye. > Telephoto: a narrower field of view, providing, in general, finer details than a human eye can deliver.
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Page 30: Matching Lens And Sensor
CHAPTER 3 - CAMERA ELEMENTS > Varifocal lens: This type of lens offers a range of focal lengths, and hence, different fields of view. The field of view can be manually adjusted. Whenever the field of view is changed, the user has to manually refocus the lens. -
Page 31: Lens Mount Standards
CAMERA ELEMENTS - CHAPTER 3 3.2.3 Lens mount standards When changing a lens, it is also important to know what type of lens mount the network camera has. There are two main standards used on network cameras: CS-mount and C-mount. They both have a 1-inch thread and they look the same. -
Page 32: Manual Or Automatic Iris
CHAPTER 3 - CAMERA ELEMENTS Limits to the exposure time and gain can be set in some Axis cameras. The longer the exposure time, the more light an image sensor receives. Bright environments require shorter exposure time, while low-light conditions require longer exposure time. It is important to be aware that increasing the exposure time also increases motion blur, while increasing the iris opening has the downside of reducing the depth of field, which is explained in section 3.2.6 below. -
Page 33: Depth Of Field
CAMERA ELEMENTS - CHAPTER 3 3.2.6 Depth of field A criterion that may be important to a video surveillance application is depth of field. Depth of field refers to the distance in front of and beyond the point of focus where objects appear to be sharp simultaneously. -
Page 34: Image Sensors
CHAPTER 3 - CAMERA ELEMENTS Image sensors As light passes through a lens, it is focused on the camera’s image sensor. An image sensor is made up of many photosites and each photosite corresponds to a picture element, more com- monly known as “pixel”, on an image sensor. -
Page 35: Megapixel Sensors
CAMERA ELEMENTS - CHAPTER 3 possibilities and more functions. CMOS sensors also have a faster readout (which is advanta- geous when high-resolution images are required), lower power dissipation at the chip level, as well as a smaller system size. Megapixel CMOS sensors are more widely available and are less expensive than megapixel CCD sensors. -
Page 36: Progressive Scanning
Figure 3.4b At left, a full-sized JPEG image (704x576 pixels) from an analog camera using interlaced scanning. At right, a full-sized JPEG image (640x480 pixels) from an Axis network camera using progressive scan technology. Both cameras used the same type of lens and the speed of the car was the same at 20 km/h (15 mph). The background... -
Page 37: Image Processing
3.5.3 Wide dynamic range Some Axis network cameras offer wide dynamic range to handle a wide range of lighting condi- tions in a scene. In a scene with extremely bright and dark areas or in backlight situations where a person is in front of a bright window, a typical camera will produce an image where objects in the dark areas will hardly be visible. -
Page 38: Installing A Network Camera
CHAPTER 3 - CAMERA ELEMENTS Installing a network camera Once a network camera has been purchased, the way it is installed is just as important. Below are some recommendations on how to best achieve high-quality video surveillance based on camera positioning and environmental considerations. >... -
Page 39: Camera Protection And Housings
CAMERA PROTECTION AND HOUSINGS - CHAPTER 4 Camera protection and housings Surveillance cameras are often placed in environments that are very demanding. Cameras may require protection from rain, hot and cold environments, dust, corrosive substances, vibrations and vandalism. Manufacturers of cameras and camera accesso- ries employ various methods to meet such environmental challenges. -
Page 40: Transparent Covering
CHAPTER 4 - CAMERA PROTECTION AND HOUSINGS Transparent covering The “window” or transparent covering of an enclosure is usually made of high-quality glass or durable, polycarbonate plastic. As windows act like optical lenses, they should be of high quality to minimize its effect on image quality. When there are built-in imperfections in the clear material, clarity is compromised. -
Page 41: Environmental Protection
Europe. When a camera is to be installed in a potentially explosive environment, other standards—such as IECEx, which is a global certification, and ATEX, a European certification—come into play. More on IP ratings can be found here: www.axis.com/ products/cam_housing/ip66.htm Vandal and tampering protection In some surveillance applications, cameras are at risk of hostile and violent attacks. -
Page 42: Mounting
CHAPTER 4 - CAMERA PROTECTION AND HOUSINGS ing or hitting) than more discretely designed housings or casings for a fixed dome or PTZ dome camera. The smooth, rounded covering of a fixed dome or PTZ dome makes it more difficult, for example, to block the camera’s view by trying to hang a piece of clothing over the camera. -
Page 43: Camera Placement
4.5.4 Intelligent video Axis’ active tampering alarm feature helps protect cameras against vandalism. It can detect if a camera has been redirected, obscured or tampered with, and can send alarms to operators. This is especially useful in installations with hundreds of cameras in demanding environments where keeping track of the proper functioning of all cameras is difficult. -
Page 44: Wall Mounts
Parapet mounts are used for roof-mounted housings or to raise the camera for a better angle of view. Figure 4.6c An example of a parapet mount. Axis provides an online tool that can help users identify the right housing and mounting acces- sories needed. Visit www.axis.com/products/video/accessories/configurator/... -
Page 45: Video Encoders
What is a video encoder? A video encoder makes it possible for an analog CCTV system to migrate to a network video sys- tem. It enables users to gain the benefits of network video without having to discard existing analog equipment such as analog CCTV cameras and coaxial cabling. -
Page 46: Video Encoder Components And Considerations
5.1.1 Video encoder components and considerations Axis video encoders offer many of the same functions that are available in network cameras. Some of the main components of a video encoder include: > Analog video input for connecting an analog camera using a coaxial cable. -
Page 47: Event Management And Intelligent Video
5.1.2 Event management and intelligent video One of the main benefits of Axis video encoders is the ability to provide event management and intelligent video functionalities, capabilities that cannot be provided in an analog video system. Built-in intelligent video features such as multi-window video motion detection, audio detection and active tampering alarm, as well as input ports for external sensors, enable a network video surveillance system to be constantly on guard to detect an event. -
Page 48: Rack-Mounted Video Encoders
Figure 5.3a When the AXIS Q7900 Rack (shown here) is fully outfitted with 6-channel video encoder blades, it can accommodate as many as 84 analog cameras. -
Page 49: Deinterlacing Techniques
(i.e., tearing or comb effect) from moving objects can be seen. In order to reduce the unwanted interlacing effects, different deinterlacing techniques can be employed. In advanced Axis video encoders, users can choose between two different deinterlacing techniques: adaptive interpolation and blending. -
Page 50: Video Decoder
The only downside may be some level of latency, from 100 ms to a few seconds, depending on the distance and the quality of the network between the end points. AXIS 292 Network Video Decoder Analog camera Axis video Axis video... -
Page 51: Resolutions
NTSC and PAL resolutions NTSC (National Television System Committee) and PAL (Phase Alternating Line) resolutions are analog video standards. They are relevant to network video since video encoders provide such resolutions when they digitize signals from analog cameras. Current PTZ network cameras and... -
Page 52: Vga Resolutions
CHAPTER 6 - RESOLUTIONS When shown on a computer screen, digitized analog video may show interlacing effects such as tearing and shapes may be off slightly since the pixels generated may not conform to the square pixels on the computer screen. Interlacing effects can be reduced using deinterlacing techniques (see Chapter 5), while aspect ratio correction can be applied to video before it is displayed to ensure, for instance, that a circle in an analog video remains a circle when shown on a com- puter screen. -
Page 53: Megapixel Resolutions
(Aspect ratio is the ratio of the width of an image to its height.) A conventional TV monitor displays an image with an aspect ratio of 4:3. Axis mega- pixel network cameras can offer the same ratio, in addition to others, such as 16:9. The advan-... -
Page 54: High-Definition Television (Hdtv) Resolutions
The HDTV standard is based on square pixels—similar to computer screens, so HDTV video from network video products can be shown on either HDTV screens or standard computer monitors. With progressive scan HDTV video, no conversion or deinterlacing technique needs to be applied... -
Page 55: Video Compression
Axis uses three different video compression standards. They are Motion JPEG, MPEG-4 Part 2 (or simply referred to as MPEG-4) and H.264. H.264 is the latest and most efficient video compression standard. -
Page 56: Image Compression Vs. Video Compression
CHAPTER 7 - VIDEO COMPRESSION A pair of algorithms that works together is called a video codec (encoder/decoder). Video codecs of different standards are normally not compatible with each other; that is, video content that is compressed using one standard cannot be decompressed with a different standard. For instance, an MPEG-4 decoder will not work with an H.264 encoder. - Page 57 VIDEO COMPRESSION - CHAPTER 7 Figure 7.1b With difference coding, only the first image (I-frame) is coded in its entirety. In the two following images (P-frames), references are made to the first picture for the static elements, i.e. the house. Only the moving parts, i.e.
- Page 58 I-frame. P-frames and B-frames, if used, must be decoded together with the reference frame(s). Axis network video products allow users to set the GOV (group of video) length, which deter- mines how many P-frames should be sent before another I-frame is sent. By decreasing the frequency of I-frames (longer GOV), the bit rate can be reduced.
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Page 59: Compression Formats
In some situations, such as in low light or when a scene becomes complex, the image file size may become quite large and use more bandwidth and storage space. To prevent an increase in the bandwidth and storage used, Axis network video products allow the user to set a maximum file size for an image frame. -
Page 60: Or Mpeg-4 Part 10/Avc
Axis’ H.264 encoders use the baseline profile, which means that only I- and P-frames are used. This profile is ideal for network cameras and video encoders since low latency is achieved because B-frames are not used. -
Page 61: Variable And Constant Bit Rates
Axis network video products allow the user to prioritize either the image quality or the frame rate if the bit rate rises above the target bit rate. - Page 62 CHAPTER 7 - VIDEO COMPRESSION Figure 7.4a Axis’ H.264 encoder generated up to 50% fewer bits per second for a sample video sequence than an MPEG-4 encoder with motion compensation. The H.264 encoder was at least three times more efficient than an...
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Page 63: Audio
AUDIO - CHAPTER 8 Audio While the use of audio in video surveillance systems is still not widespread, having audio can enhance a system’s ability to detect and interpret events, as well as enable audio communication over an IP network. The use of audio, however, can be restricted in some countries, so it is a good idea to check with local authorities. -
Page 64: Audio Support And Equipment
This eliminates the need for extra cabling, and makes synchronizing the audio and video much easier. IP NETWORK Recording/monitoring Figure 8.2a A network video system with integrated audio support. Audio and video streams are sent over the same network cable. IP NETWORK Analog... -
Page 65: Audio Modes
AUDIO - CHAPTER 8 Many Axis network video products do not come with a built-in speaker. An active speaker— a speaker with a built-in amplifier—can be connected directly to a network video product with audio support. If a speaker has no built-in amplifier, it must first connect to an amplifier, which is then connected to a network camera/video encoder. -
Page 66: Half Duplex
CHAPTER 8 - AUDIO 8.3.2 Half duplex Loudspeaker LAN/WAN Network camera Headphones Microphone Figure 8.3c In half-duplex mode, audio is sent in both directions, but only one party at a time can send. This is similar to a walkie-talkie. 8.3.3 Full duplex Loudspeaker LAN/WAN... -
Page 67: Sampling Frequency
8.5.3 Audio codecs Axis network video products support three audio codecs. The first is AAC-LC (Advanced Audio Coding - Low Complexity), also known as MPEG-4 AAC, which requires a license. AAC-LC, particularly at a sampling rate of 16 kHz or higher and at a bit rate of 64 kbit/s, is the recom- mended codec to use when the best possible audio quality is required. -
Page 69: Network Technologies
Different network technologies are used to support and provide the many benefits of a network video system. This chapter begins with a discussion about the local area network, in particular, Ethernet networks and the components that support it. The use of Power over Ethernet is also covered. -
Page 70: Types Of Ethernet Networks
Fast Ethernet refers to an Ethernet network that can transfer data at a rate of 100 Mbit/s. It can be based on a twisted pair or fiber optic cable. (The older 10 Mbit/s Ethernet is still installed and used, but such networks do not provide the necessary bandwidth for some network video applications.) -
Page 71: Switch
NETWORk TECHNOLOGIES - CHAPTER 9 categories are recommended for network video systems. Most interfaces are backwards compat- ible with 10 and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet and are commonly called 10/100/1000 interfaces. For transmission over longer distances, fiber cables such as 1000BASE-SX (up to 550 m/1,639 ft.) and 1000BASE-LX (up to 550 m with multimode optical fibers and 5,000 m with single-mode fibers) can be used. - Page 72 CHAPTER 9 - NETWORk TECHNOLOGIES Switches typically indicate their performance in per port rates and in backplane or internal rates (both in bit rates and in packets per second). The port rates indicate the maximum rates on specific ports. This means that the speed of a switch, for example 100 Mbit/s, is often the per- formance of each port.
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Page 73: Power Over Ethernet
NETWORk TECHNOLOGIES - CHAPTER 9 9.1.3 Power over Ethernet Power over Ethernet (PoE) provides the option of supplying devices connected to an Ethernet network with power using the same cable as for data communication. Power over Ethernet is widely used to power IP phones, wireless access points and network cameras in a LAN. The main benefit of PoE is the inherent cost savings. - Page 74 CHAPTER 9 - NETWORk TECHNOLOGIES According to IEEE 802.3af, a PSE provides a voltage of 48 V DC with a maximum power of 15.4 W per port. Considering that power loss takes place on a twisted pair cable, only 12.95 W is guaranteed for a PD.
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Page 75: The Internet
To ensure that data transfer is not affected, it is important to keep in mind that the maximum distance between the source of the data (e.g., switch) and the network video products is not more than 100 m (328 ft.). This means that the midspan and active splitter(s) must be placed within the distance of 100 m. -
Page 76: Ip Addressing
In most scenarios—for example, a laptop that is connected to the Internet—downloading infor- mation from the Internet is the most important speed to consider. In a network video application with a network camera at a remote site, the upstream speed is more relevant since data (video) from the network camera will be uploaded to the Internet. - Page 77 In order for a network camera or video encoder to work in an IP network, an IP address must be assigned to it. Setting an IPv4 address for an Axis network video product can be done mainly in two ways: 1) automatically using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), and 2) manu- ally by either entering into the network video product’s interface a static IP address, a subnet...
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Page 78: Port Forwarding
80 for HTTP in a private network? Instead of changing the default HTTP port number for each network video product, a router can be configured to associate a unique HTTP port number to a particular network video product’s IP address and default HTTP port. - Page 79 To make the task of port forwarding easier, Axis offers the NAT traversal feature in many of its network video products. NAT traversal will automatically attempt to configure port mapping in a NAT router on the network using UPnP™.
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Page 80: Data Transport Protocols For Network Video
An IPv6 address is enclosed in square brackets in a URL and a specific port can be addressed in the following way: http://[2001:0da8:65b4:05d3:1315:7c1f:0461:7847]:8081/ Setting an IPv6 address for an Axis network video product is as simple as checking a box to enable IPv6 in the product. The product will then receive an IPv6 address according to the configuration in the network router. - Page 81 Transmission can conferencing be either unicast or multicast. RTSP (Real Time Used to set up and control multimedia sessions over RTP Streaming Protocol) Table 9.2a Common TCP/IP protocols and ports used for network video.
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Page 82: Vlans
CHAPTER 9 - NETWORk TECHNOLOGIES VLANs When a network video system is designed, there is often a desire to keep the network separate from other networks, both for security as well as performance reasons. At first glance, the obvious choice would be to build a separate network. While the design would be simplified, the cost of purchasing, installing and maintaining the network would often be higher than using a technology called virtual local area network (VLAN). - Page 83 QoS can be used to guarantee fast responses to movement requests. The prerequisite for the use of QoS within a video network is that all switches, routers and network video products must sup- port QoS.
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Page 84: Network Security
In a network video system, IEEE 802.1X can work as follows: 1) A network camera sends a request for network access to a switch or access point; 2) the switch or access point forwards the query to an authentication server;... -
Page 85: Https Or Ssl/Tls
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS). This security method applies encryption to the data itself. Many Axis network video products have built-in support for HTTPS, which makes it possible for video to be securely viewed using a web browser. - Page 86 CHAPTER 9 - NETWORk TECHNOLOGIES VPN tunnel HTTPS or SSL/TLS encryption DATA PACKET Secure Non-secure Figure 9.5b The difference between HTTPS (SSL/TLS) and VPN is that in HTTPS only the actual data of a packet is encrypted. With VPN, the entire packet can be encrypted and encapsulated to create a secure “tunnel”. Both tech- nologies can be used in parallel, but it is not recommended since each technology will add overhead and decrease the performance of the system.
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Page 87: Wireless Technologies
In older, protected buildings, wireless technology may be the only alternative if standard Ethernet cables may not be installed. Axis offers cameras with built-in wireless support. Network cameras without built-in wireless technology can still be integrated into a wireless network if a wireless bridge is used. -
Page 88: Wlan Standards
CHAPTER 10 - WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 10.1 802.11 WLAN standards The most common wireless standard for wireless local area networks (WLAN) is the 802.11 standard by IEEE. While there are also other standards as well as proprietary technologies, the benefit of 802.11 wireless standards is that they all operate in a license-free spectrum, which means there is no license fee associated with setting up and operating the network. -
Page 89: Wep (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES - CHAPTER 10 10.2.1 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) WEP prevents people without the correct key from accessing the network. There are, however, weaknesses in WEP. They include keys that are relatively short and other flaws that allow keys to be reconstructed from a relatively small amount of intercepted traffic. -
Page 91: Video Management Systems
A PC server platform is also fully scalable, enabling any number of network video products to be added to the system as needed. The system hardware can be expanded or upgraded to meet... -
Page 92: Nvr Platform
ADMINISTRATION and BACKGROUND SERVICE Figure 11.1a A network video surveillance system based on a open, PC server platform with AXIS Camera Station video management software. 11.1.2 NVR platform A network video recorder comes as a hardware box with preinstalled video management func- tionalities. -
Page 93: Software Platforms
Windows-based or a web-based interface. 11.2.1 Built-in functionality Axis network cameras and video encoders can be accessed over a network simply by typing the product’s IP address in the Address/Location field of a web browser on a computer. Once a connection is made with the network video product, the product’s ‘start page’, along with links... -
Page 94: Web-Based Software
Video management software programs are available from vendors of network video products. They often support only the network video devices of the vendor. Software programs that sup- port multiple brands of network video products also exist, often from independent companies. -
Page 95: Viewing
11.3.2 Multi-streaming Axis’ advanced network video products enable multi-streaming, where multiple video streams from a network camera or video encoder can be individually configured with different frame rates, compression formats and resolutions, and sent to different recipients. -
Page 96: Video Recording
11.3.3 Video recording With video management software such as AXIS Camera Station, video can be recorded manu- ally, continuously and on trigger (by motion or alarm), and continuous and triggered recordings can be scheduled to run at selected times during each day of the week. -
Page 97: Recording And Storage
Both event management and intelligent video functionalities can be built-in and conducted in a network video product or in a video management software program. It can also be handled by both in the sense that a video management software program can take advantage of an intelligent video functionality that is built into a network video product. - Page 98 CHAPTER 11 - VIDEO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS network video product and flagged to the management software program for further actions to be taken. This process offers a number of benefits: > It enables a more efficient use of bandwidth and storage space since there is no need for a camera to continuously send video to a video management server for analysis of any potential events.
- Page 99 Figure 11.3e Setting event triggers using an Axis network video product web interface. Responses Network video products or a video management software program can be configured to respond to events all the time or at certain set times. When an event is triggered, some of the common responses that can be configured include the following: >...
- Page 100 The range of devices that can be connected to a network video product’s input port is almost infinite. The basic rule is that any device that can toggle between an open and closed circuit can be connected to a network camera or a video encoder.
- Page 101 “informa- tion” from the digital input. Alarm/intrusion An alarm security system that The network video product can act as system continuously monitors a an integrated part of the alarm normally closed or open alarm system that serves as a sensor, circuit.
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Page 102: Administration And Management Features
Figure 11.3f Setting video motion detection in AXIS Camera Station video management software. Active tampering alarm This intelligent video functionality, embedded in many Axis network video products, can be used as an event trigger when a camera is manipulated in any way; for instance, through accidental redirection, blocking, defocusing or being spray-painted, covered or damaged. -
Page 103: Security
> Providing a configuration sheet, which enables users to obtain, in one place, an overview of all camera and recording configurations. Figure 11.3g AXIS Camera Management software makes it easy to find, install and configure network video products. 11.3.7 Security An important part of video management is security. -
Page 104: Integrated Systems
When video is integrated with other systems such as point-of-sale and building management, information from other systems can be used to trigger functions such as event-based recordings in the network video system, and vice versa. In addition, users can benefit from having a com- mon interface for managing different systems. -
Page 105: Access Control
VIDEO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - CHAPTER 11 Figure 11.4a An example of a PoS system integrated with video surveillance. This screenshot displays the receipts together with video clips of the event. Picture courtesy of Milestone Systems. 11.4.3 Access control Integrating a video management system with a facility’s access control system allows for facil- ity and room access to be logged with video. -
Page 106: Industrial Control Systems
Remote visual verification is often beneficial and required in complex industrial automation systems. By having access to network video using the same interface as for monitoring a process, an operator does not have to leave the control panel to visually check on part of a process. -
Page 107: Bandwidth And Storage Considerations
12.1 Bandwidth and storage calculations Network video products utilize network bandwidth and storage space based on their configura- tion. As mentioned earlier, this depends on the following: > Number of cameras > Whether recording will be continuous or event-based >... -
Page 108: Calculating Storage Needs
CHAPTER 12 - BANDWIDTH AND STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS When implementing 10 or more cameras, the network load can be estimated using a few rules of thumb: > A camera that is configured to deliver high-quality images at high frame rates will use approx. - Page 109 BANDWIDTH AND STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS - CHAPTER 12 MPEG-4 calculation: Approx. bit rate / 8(bits in a byte) x 3600s = KB per hour / 1000 = MB per hour MB per hour x hours of operation per day / 1000 = GB per day GB per day x requested period of storage = Storage need Note: The formula does not take into account the amount of motion, which is an important factor that can influence the size of storage required.
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Page 110: Server-Based Storage
CHAPTER 12 - BANDWIDTH AND STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS A helpful tool in estimating requirements for bandwidth and storage is the AXIS Design Tool, which is accessible from the following web address: www.axis.com/products/video/design_tool/ Figure 12.1a The AXIS Design Tool includes advanced project management functionality that enables bandwidth and storage to be calculated for a large and complex system. - Page 111 Network switch, broadband router or Computer server with video corporate firewall Axis network cameras management software Figure 12.3a Network-attached storage NAS provides a single storage device that is directly attached to a LAN and offers shared storage to all clients on the network. A NAS device is simple to install and easy to administer, providing a low-cost storage solution.
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Page 112: Redundant Storage
Multiple video recipients. A common method to ensure disaster recovery and off-site storage in network video is to simultaneously send the video to two different servers in separate locations. These servers can be equipped with RAID, work in clusters, or replicate their data with servers even further away. -
Page 113: System Configurations
BANDWIDTH AND STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS - CHAPTER 12 12.5 System configurations Small system (1 to 30 cameras) A small system usually consists of one server running a surveillance application that records the video to a local hard disk. The video is viewed and managed by the same server. Although most viewing and management will be done at the server, a client (local or remote) can be connected for the same purpose. - Page 114 CHAPTER 12 - BANDWIDTH AND STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS IP NETWORK Surveillance workstations Master server 1 Master server 2 Storage server 1 Storage server 2 Figure 12.5c A large centralized system. Large distributed system (25 to +1000 cameras) When multiple sites require surveillance with centralized management, distributed recording systems may be used.
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Page 115: Tools And Resources
This tool focuses on Axis network cameras’ scene capturing and object recognition capabili- ties at different distances and in combination with alternate lenses. The tool also helps you navigate through the Axis product portfolio to find the most appropriate camera for your application. -
Page 117: Axis Communications' Academy
Learning the fundamentals Network Video Fundamentals and Video Solution Fundamentals are the building blocks of the Axis Communications’ Academy training program. The fundamentals have been devel- oped and refined to meet the educational requirements of both traditional analog CCTV and IT professionals. -
Page 118: Contact Information
Tel: +49 811 555 08 0 Fax: +81 3 6716 7851 Suite 304 Fax: +49 811 555 08 69 Mississauga ON L5G 4T6 Support: +49 1805 2947 78 Tel: +1 800 444 AXIS (2947) Fax: +1 978 614 2100 Support: +1 800 444 2947... - Page 119 Tel: +971 4 609 1873 Tel: +82 2 780 9636 Tel: +65 6 836 2777 UNITED kINGDOM Fax: +82 2 6280 9636 Fax: +65 6 334 1218 Axis Communications (UK) Ltd MEXICO SPAIN Suite 6-7, Ladygrove Court AXISNet, S.A. de C.V. Axis Communications Hitchwood Lane Unión 61, 2º...
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