Guide TP8S IR User Manual

Ir thermal camera

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ThermoPro

User Manual

Wuhan Guide Infrared Technology Co., Ltd.

No. 26 Shucheng Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070 P. R. China

Telephone:

+86-27-8767 1991

Facsimile:

+86-27-8767 1927

Email:

overseas@guide-infrared.com

Internet:

www.guide-infared.com

Publication No: ThermoPro

TP8S UM 007

TP8S IR Thermal Camera

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Page 1: User Manual
ThermoPro TP8S IR Thermal Camera User Manual Wuhan Guide Infrared Technology Co., Ltd. No. 26 Shucheng Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070 P. R. China Telephone: +86-27-8767 1991 Facsimile: +86-27-8767 1927 Email: overseas@guide-infrared.com Internet: www.guide-infared.com © Wuhan Guide Infrared Technology Co., Ltd., 2007...
Page 2 Wuhan Guide Infrared Technology Co., Ltd. reserves the right to make changes and improvements on any of the products described in this manual without prior notice. TP8S IR Thermal Camera complies with current European ThermoPro directives relating to electromagnetic compatibility and safety. (EMC directive 89/336/EEC;...
Page 3: Table Of Contents
User Manual Table of the Contents Table of the Contents ........................3 Introduction ..........................4 Precautions ..........................4 Maintenance..........................5 Calibration and Repair Philosophy....................6 Technical Support........................6 Feedback to Us .........................6 System Overview ........................7 System Configuration........................7 Technical Specification ......................8 System Features ........................11 Parts Described........................13 Attaching and Detaching the LCD Screen ................21 Inserting / Removing the SD Memory Card ................21 Inserting/ Replacing the Battery ....................22 Battery Charging ........................24...
Page 4: Introduction
Always replace the lens cap when the unit is not in operation. • When the THERMOPRO TP8S IR Thermal Camera is not in use or is to be transported, ensure that the unit and its accessories are stored in the protective carry case.
Page 5: Maintenance
Keep the SD memory card for the exclusive use of the camera. The THERMOPRO TP8S IR Thermal Camera utilizes a Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) rechargeable battery pack. The following safety precautions must be adhered to at all times to ensure the safe use of this equipment.
Page 6: Calibration And Repair Philosophy
User Manual, or by email to the following addresses: overseas@guide-infrared.com Caution The THERMOPRO TP8S IR Thermal Camera does not incorporate any user serviceable parts. Never attempt to disassemble or modify the camera. Opening the unit invalidates the warranty. Technical Support...
Page 7: System Overview
User Manual about any error you find, and your suggestions for further editions by either contacting the address/telephone number on the cover of this User Manual or by email to the following address: overseas@guide-infrared.com System Overview TP TP8S, the most intelligent, innovative and integrated IR thermal THERMOPRO imaging system in the world.
Page 8: Technical Specification
User Manual • Battery charger • AC Adapter & cable • VGA cable • USB extension cable • RS232 communication & TV video cable • RS232 communication protocol • USB driver ® • Guide IrAnalyser Software • User manual • Carry case &...
Page 9 User Manual Field of View/ Focus: 22°× 16°/ 35mm Focusing: Automatic or motorized Electronic Zoom: ×1 to ×10 continuous zoom VISUAL Built-in Digital Video: CMOS Sensor, 1280× 1024 pixels, 2 colors Image Presentation External Display: 3.5″ high resolution color VGA LCD, 640× 480 pixels Viewfinder 0.6″...
Page 10 User Manual live/zoomed/frozen/saved image Emissivity Correction: Variable from 0.01 to 1.00 (in 0.01 increment) Measurement Features: Automatic correction based on distance, relative humidity, atmospheric transmission and external optics Optics Transmission Correction: Auto, based on signals from sensors Image Storage Type: Removable 2GB SD card or built-in flash memory File Format: JPEG (An individual file consists of infrared image,...
Page 11: System Features
User Manual Operating Temperature: -20°С- +60°С Storage Temperature: -20°С- +60°С Humidity: Operating and storing 10% to 95%, non- condensing Encapsulation: IP54 IEC 529 housing Shock: Operational: 25G, IEC 68-2-29 Vibration: Operational: 2G, IEC 68-2-6 Interfaces USB 2.0: Image (thermal and visual), measurement data and voice text transfer to PC RS232 communication: Control of camera on PC...
Page 12 User Manual • Easily switchable VGA/ PAL/ NTSC video output simplifies video viewing; simultaneous video output on VGA LCD screen, OLED viewfinder, a VGA display and a TV display is available. • Camera can be controlled by touch screen, remote control handle or joystick & buttons, enabling the camera use in any demanded application.
Page 13: Parts Described
User Manual • Up to 10 areas can be analyzed simultaneously in live or zoomed or frozen or saved images, showing respective Max, Min or Average temperature within each area. • Line analysis can be done in live or zoomed or frozen or saved images; line profile can be switched into horizontal or vertical coordinates system.
Page 14 User Manual 1. VGA LCD touch screen 2. IR lens 3. Visual focusing gear 4. VGA video interface 5. USB2.0 interface 6. Battery door 7. Buckle for neck strap 8. Viewfinder...
Page 15 User Manual 1. Dioptre adjuster 2. Microphone to record voice annotation 3. F1-F4 function buttons and power button 4. Status display screen for power status, USB & SD card memory status 5. Joystick 6. Button S, Button C and Button A 1.
Page 16 User Manual 1. Laser locator 2. Visual camera 1. LCD mount...
Page 17 User Manual 1. Tightening gear 2. Touch pen 3. Contact pins at the LCD screen foot RS232 and TV Video cable: Interfaces from the top down are respectively: RS232 interface to PC, TV Video interface to a TV Video display device, TV Video/RS232 interface to the TV Video /RS232 interface on camera.
Page 18 User Manual VGA cable: Interfaces from the top down are respectively: VGA video interface to the VGA interface on camera, VGA interface to a VGA display device. USB extension cable: Interfaces from the top down are respectively: Interface to the camera USB2.0 interface, interface to a USB interface on PC.
Page 19 User Manual AC adapter and cable: Interfaces from the top down are respectively: Interface to be inserted to the power interface on camera, plug to be connected to a socket or wall outlet. Camera with cables: from the top down and from left to right, the camera is connected with VGA cable, USB extension cable, AC adapter cable and RS232/ TV video cable.
Page 20 User Manual • If connecting the VGA cable and the video interface of RS232/ TV video cable to corresponding devices, such as a VGA display device and a TV video display device, you can view the live video taken by the camera simultaneously on VGA LCD touch screen, OLED viewfinder, the VGA display device and the TV video display device.
Page 21: Attaching And Detaching The Lcd Screen
User Manual Attaching and Detaching the LCD Screen • Mount the LCD screen to the camera by sliding the LCD screen foot into the mount on top of the camera. Then rotate the tightening gear clockwise to make the LCD screen locked in place.
Page 22: Inserting/ Replacing The Battery
User Manual • To remove a SD memory card, press the card downwards and then release it. It will bounce to be pulled it from the camera. Notes for the SD memory cards: • Ensure that saving or opening of images is complete before removing the SD memory card.
Page 23 User Manual • Insert a fully charged battery with the charge terminals pointing inwards and slide in the battery until you hear a clear sound given by the release button to ensure the battery has been locked into place. • The battery level is displayed in the status display screen at the back of the camera.
Page 24: Battery Charging
User Manual Battery Charging Two methods are available to charge batteries: • Charging in the camera • Charging in an external battery charger Charging in camera • Properly insert the battery into the battery door and close the door; connect the camera to AC adapter with the AC adapter cable, and then connect the AC adapter to a socket or wall outlet.
Page 25 User Manual • When normal charge is completed, the charger will give an audible sound, display a prompt Full & the battery capacity in its LCD screen and stop the battery level symbol from flashing. The charge lamps on the top of the battery pack also go out. •...
Page 26: Introduction To Buttons & Joystick
User Manual Introduction to Buttons & Joystick Button On/Off: Power supply control Keep button On/Off depressed for 3 seconds to switch on or off the camera. Joystick: Multiple functions When there is no menu displayed in live thermal image, move the joystick up or down to adjust focus and left or right to zoom in or out the image continuously.
Page 27 User Manual Button C: Cancel Press button C to cancel a dialog box or menu and return to the live/zoomed thermal image When there is no menu or dialog box in live/zoomed thermal image, keep it depressed and then press button S to perform a non-uniformity calibration. Button A: Temperature range, filter &...
Page 28: Quick Start Guide
User Manual Button F3: Laser locater/ Histogram control When option Laser in sub-menu Function of menu Parameter is set as On, press button F3 in live/zoomed thermal image to turn on the laser locater and press it again to turn off the laser locater.
Page 29: Using The Camera
User Manual • Press button F2 to switch to live visual image. • In visual image, rotate the visual focusing gear at the left front of the camera body to manually focus. • Press button F2 to switch to live thermal image. •...
Page 30 User Manual After the boot screen flash disappears, live image as shown below is displayed, with Guide logo and temperature setup menu lying at the right side, status bar, zoom bar, memory media bar, temperature display bar and time bar lying at the bottom. Icon Significance Function...
Page 31 User Manual Temperature setup menu Display the temperature unit and adjust Tmax, palette, Tmin and fliter range for the current image. Status bar Show the status of the current image: live, frozen, saved, auto mode, manual mode, etc. Zoom bar Indicate the magnification of the current image.
Page 32 User Manual • If necessary, manual NUC can be performed. To perform a NUC manually, keep button C depressed and then press button S when there is no menu or dialog box in live thermal image. • During the NUC the live image pauses temporarily, whilst a shutter is placed in front of the detector.
Page 33 User Manual • To switch between the three modes, when there is no menu displayed in live thermal image, keep button A depressed for 2 seconds and then release it to switch between the 3 modes. The prompt “Auto1” or “Auto2” or “Manual” will appear in the status bar at the bottom of the screen.
Page 34 User Manual an instant to select the temperature setup menu at the right side of the image. Move the joystick up or down to select option filter and then right or down to change its value. Note: In auto modes, when the target temperature is higher than 250°C and the Center cursor aims at the target, the camera will automatically switch to filter range 2.
Page 35 User Manual • There are two cursors on the live thermal image. One is always fixed in the centre of image; the other is always tracing the hottest spot of the image. • Under the live thermal image, two temperature values are present in the temperature display bar.
Page 36 User Manual • The first value is the temperature of the moving cursor; it changes at the same time when the cursor moves in the screen. The second is the maximum scene temperature; it never changes. Adjusting temperature range of frozen/ save image Temperature range of a frozen or saved image can be changed as well to adjust the image quality.
Page 37 User Manual Operation on the x1 image is also available for the zoomed image. Pausing live images and save images • Keep the camera steady when you have the image in focus, then press Button S to freeze the live image. Now the image status changes to be frozen. Prompt Frozen is shown in the status bar under the image screen.
Page 38 User Manual • Or you can do multiple kinds of operation on the frozen image before saving it into the memory media, such as static temperature measurement, temperature range adjustment, spot analysis, line analysis, area analysis, isotherm analysis, visual image display, recording and playback of voice annotation, adding text annotation, histogram analysis, etc.
Page 39 User Manual • Functions of the icons in the toolbar are listed below. Moving the joystick up, down, left or right can toggle between each icons, pressing the joystick can select an icon and execute its command. Or you can simply use the touch pen to click each icon to select a certain one.
Page 40 User Manual Save command Save recorded voice annotation or text annotation into the frozen image; save the frozen image with voice annotation & text annotation (if any) into memory media Text Annotation Add text annotation to the frozen image Exit command Exit the frozen toolbar •...
Page 41 User Manual • If dissatisfied with the recording, the above operation can be repeated until a satisfactory recording has been made. • If you are satisfied with the recording and do not want to insert text annotation to the image, you can select the icon Save command to save it with the image. Then both it and the image will be saved into the memory media, with file name “IR******”...
Page 42 User Manual After saving an image, the camera will switch to live thermal image status. • To exit the frozen toolbar at any time, select the icon Exit command or press button C. Then the toolbar will disappear. Press button C to exit the frozen image and return to the live thermal image status.
Page 43 User Manual is displayed under the image screen. At this moment, the first image and icon Play file are highlighted. • To toggle between the 6 images within one screen, click them with the touch pen or move the joystick up, down, left or right. To select a certain image, choose the icon Play file by clicking it with the touch pen.
Page 44 User Manual Delete all Delete all the saved images from the current memory media Exit command Exit the replay status and back to live thermal image • If more than 6 images are saved, the images will be displayed by more than 1 screen. To toggle between the screens, select icon Up direction or icon Down direction.
Page 45 User Manual • Multiple kinds of analysis can be performed on it, such as static temperature measurement, spot analysis, area analysis, line analysis, isotherm analysis, visual image replay, voice annotation replay, text annotation replay, histogram analysis, etc. • To do static temperature measurement and histogram analysis, please refer to the sections Static temperature measurement and Histogram analysis respectively.
Page 46 User Manual Line analysis Do line analysis on the replayed image Area analysis Do area analysis on the replayed image Isotherm analysis Do isotherm analysis on the replayed image Visual image display Replay visual image of the replayed image Time of voice annotation Replay voice annotation recorded for the replayed image Start voice replaying...
Page 47 User Manual recording. • To view the recorded text annotation, choose icon Replay text annotation. Then the recorded text will be displayed in a dialog box on the image screen. To close the dialog box, choose the button OK by clicking it with the touch pen or pressing the joystick. •...
Page 48 User Manual Note: • The icon Start voice replaying is not available when the replayed image does not include voice annotation • The icon Replay text annotation is not available when the replayed image does not include text annotation Visual image The camera offers visual imaging function.
Page 49 User Manual • Focus of the visual camera can be adjusted as well. Generally the focus is suitable. If necessary, you can adjust it manually by rotating the visual focusing gear under the lens at the front of the camera. •...
Page 50 User Manual • Press function button F2 and release it instantly to switch among the three display modes: Thermal image alone, Visual image alone and Picture in picture. The images below show the mode Picture in picture. • In the mode Picture in picture, if trying to do on-board analysis, such as zooming, spot •...
Page 51 User Manual Main Menu Introduction • The camera offers a user-friendly Windows-style main menu. The main menu is brought up on the screen by either clicking the icon Guide at the right top corner of the screen or pressing the joystick when there is no menu displayed in the screen...
Page 52 User Manual • The submenus can be navigated by either clicking with the touch pen or moving the joystick up or down. • In each submenu, options are navigated by either clicking with the touch pen or moving the joystick left or right. The highlighted option is confirmed by clicking with the pen or pressing the joystick •...
Page 53 User Manual • Spot Analysis can be performed on live or zoomed or frozen or saved images. • In live or zoomed images, bring up the main menu, select option Spot under submenu File either by the touch pen or by pressing the joystick. •...
Page 54 User Manual pen to select it; or move the joystick to highlight the icon Spot analysis first and then press the joystick to select it. • 10 spots are shown on the screen and marked from A to H. Clicking with the touch pen or pressing button S can toggle between them.
Page 55 User Manual then release it. The spot temperature shown in the status bar will change accordingly as the spot moves. • It is possible to change the spot number from 1 to 10. This is done by setting the value of sub-option SpotNum in option Analysis under submenu Parameter and then choosing button OK to confirm the setup.
Page 56 User Manual • In saved images, line analysis can be done when the images are replayed. Bring up the replay toolbar with the touch pen or joystick. Click the icon Line analysis with the touch pen to select it; or move the joystick to highlight the icon Line analysis first and then press the joystick to select it.
Page 57 User Manual joystick again to another position and then press it to confirm the new position (i.e. the ending point of the line). Then the line is drawn. • Press the joystick to confirm the line. At the meantime, the line profile is displayed in the image as well, with the Max and Min temperature of the line displayed in the coordinate system.
Page 58 User Manual • Press button C to exit and return to the live or frozen or save image. Note: For a horizontal line, the coordinate system for its profile will always be horizontal. For a vertical line, the coordinate system for its profile will always be vertical. In other words, switching between horizontal and vertical coordinate systems is not available for horizontal or vertical lines.
Page 59 User Manual pen to select it; or move the joystick to highlight the icon Area analysis first and then press the joystick to select it. • 10 areas marked from A to H will appear. Clicking with the touch pen or pressing button S can toggle between them.
Page 60 User Manual change. • To change the size of an area after selecting it, click at one of its four corners with the touch pen, drag the corner to a desired position and then release it. Or firstly press button A for an instant, move the joystick up, down, left or right to desired positions and then release it.
Page 61 User Manual • In live or zoomed images, bring up the main menu, select option Isotherm under submenu File either by the touch pen or by pressing the joystick • In frozen images, bring up the frozen toolbar with the touch pen or joystick. Click the icon Isotherm analysis with the touch pen to select it.
Page 62 User Manual • Move the joystick up or down to set the maximum temperature of the isotherm band, left or right to set the minimum temperature of the isotherm band. • There are three isotherm colors to choose from. This is done by setting the value of sub-option IsoColor in option Analysis under submenu Parameter and then choosing button OK to confirm the setup.
Page 63 User Manual Histogram Analysis • Histogram Analysis can be performed on live or zoomed or frozen or saved images. • In live or zoomed images, bring up the main menu, select option Histogram under submenu Function either by the touch pen or by pressing the joystick, and then set its value to be ON.
Page 64 User Manual between them. • Analysis: Allows for temperature analysis parameters for live and zoomed images to be set up • Target: Allows for temperature measurement parameters of the target to be set up • System: Allows for parameters of the camera functions to be set up •...
Page 65 User Manual • To save the change, choose button OK or press the joystick directly; to cancel the change, choose button Cancel or press button C directly. Then the dialog box will be closed and the original image status will be resumed. •...
Page 66 User Manual Option Target • Click option Target with the touch pen or press the joystick to select it. Then the Target dialog box appears on the screen. • Clicking each option box with the touch pen or pressing button S can toggle between the options.
Page 67 User Manual Option System • Click option System with the touch pen or press the joystick to select it. Then the System dialog box appears on the screen. • Clicking each option box with the touch pen or pressing button S can toggle between the options.
Page 68 User Manual per need. To switch between the two memory media, you can either set UFlash for Storage here or click the icon shown in the memory media bar under the image screen. • Y/M/D: To set date for the camera. After setup, date of the camera will automatically update.
Page 69 User Manual the auto speech recognition function, speech commands must match the speech template of No.1 user’s to successfully execute speech control of the camera. So does No. 2 or No. 3 or No. 4 user. • Laser: To turn on or off the laser locator. After setting On, pressing button F3 in live or zoomed thermal images can turn on the laser locator, pressing it again can turn off the laser locator.
Page 70 User Manual camera. But they can be resumed to the factory configured ones when needed. • Clicking button Yes or pressing the joystick will execute the command. Then a NUC is performed automatically. After NUC, all the parameters and the filter range become the factory configured ones.
Page 71 User Manual • Adjust: To adjust the touch pen with the cursor to improve the operation accuracy of the pen. Option Adjust • Click option Adjust with the touch pen or press the joystick to select it. Then the Pen Adjust interface appears on the screen.
Page 72 User Manual • To save the ultimate coordinates of the pen after adjustment, select button Save. To test the adjustment result, select button Test, draw anything with the touch pen on the screen and observe whether the cursor moves accordingly with the pen. If so, adjustment has done well.
Page 73 User Manual • Option About is highlighted. Click it with the touch pen or press the joystick to select it. Then the copyright dialog box appears on the screen. • Press button C or press the joystick to close the dialog box and return to the live thermal image.
Page 74: Video Output
User Manual • Under the case that no progress bar is displayed in the screen, keep button Power depressed for 5 seconds. Then the camera will switch off. Video Output • The camera offers 3 modes of video output: VGA, PAL and NTSC. VGA always existing after powering on the camera (video on the LCD screen and OLED viewfinder is VGA).
Page 75: Transferring Data From The Camera To Pc
User Manual • Set sub-option VideoOut in option System under submenu Parameters to be PAL or NTSC, save the setup and return to live image. • Now you can view synchronous video output on the LCD screen & OLED viewfinder of the camera, the VGA display device and the TV video display device.
Page 76: Installing The Camera Usb Driver To Pc
User Manual Installing the Camera USB Driver to PC Before installing the USB driver, ensure the camera and your PC are working and your PC offers at least one USB2.0 port. • When there is no menu in the live thermal image, properly connect the USB interfaces of the camera to a USB2.0 port of your PC with the USB extension cable.
Page 77 User Manual • Installation starts. When getting to the step as shown below, choose “Continue anyway” to proceed further.
Page 78 User Manual • Installation continues and finishes quickly. Click button Finish.
Page 79 User Manual ® • Microsoft Windows automatically launches a further installation. • Choose “Install from a list or specific location (advanced)” and include the same folder you chose in the first installation. Then Click button Next to go further.
Page 80 User Manual • Installation starts. When getting to the step as shown below, choose “Continue anyway” to proceed further. • Installation continues and finishes quickly. Click button Finish.
Page 81 User Manual • Installation continues and finishes quickly. Click button Finish. • Go to Device Manager to check and confirm whether the driver has been successfully installed. If there is “GUIDE TP8S After Renumeration (guideusb.sys)” listed under Universal Serial Bus Controller, it indicates the driver has been properly installed and you can transfer data from the camera to PC now.
Page 82: Controlling The Camera Through Rs232 Communication Protocol
User Manual Controlling the Camera through RS232 Communication Protocol RS232 communication protocol is offered with the ThermoPro TP8S camera. Through the protocol the camera can be conveniently controlled on PC at a remote monitoring place. Installing the protocol Click the file “Setup.exe” in the folder “TP8S_RS232_Setup” to start installation.
Page 83 User Manual The operating system launches an installation wizard. Click button Next to go further. Choose Complete or Custom to install it in a certain manner. If you choose Complete, the installation directory will be C:\Program Files\Guide IR\TP8S_RS232. Click button...
Page 84 User Manual Next to go further. The operating system is ready to install the protocol. Click button Install to continue. Then the installation will automatically progress.
Page 85 User Manual The installation has succeeded. Click button Finish to end it. Now the protocol is ready to be used. Using the protocol Before using the protocol, please ensure the camera and your PC have been properly connected by the RS232/ video cable offered together with the camera. Then click on the shortcut icon TP8S_RS232 to run the protocol.
Page 86 User Manual Parts Described: Three ports in PC for RS232 communication. Buttons for operating the camera. Display data that is corresponding to each operation and is exactly transmitted in PC. Using the Buttons:...
Page 87 User Manual Pink Button in the center: Functions are the same as pressing joystick on the camera. While focusing, press it to stop focusing when the image is clear. Press it to bring up the main menu of camera, press the four buttons around to navigate through the options, press it again to select a highlighted option.
Page 88 User Manual the centre cursor up or down to measure temperature. While the main menu is displayed, press them to toggle between different sub-menus. In the temperature setup menu, press them to toggle between Tmax, palette, Tmin and filter range. When there is a dialog box displayed in thermal image, press them to alter values of different parameters.
Page 89 User Manual Button A: When there is no menu displayed in live thermal image, press it to select the temperature setup menu at the right side of the image. Button C: Press it to cancel a dialog box or menu and return to the live thermal image. Button S: Functions are the same as button S on the camera: Press it to freeze a live thermal image and press it again to save it into the built-in flash...
Page 90 User Manual Button Calibrate: Press it to perform Non Uniformity Calibration when necessary. Button F1: Functions are the same as button F1 on the camera: Press it in the normal working mode to switch to sleep mode, in which LCD screen is turned off and the red indicator light at the back of the camera flickers.
Page 91: Troubleshooting
User Manual Function is the same as button F4 on the camera: When there is no menu or dialog box in live thermal image, press it to enable the auto focusing of visual camera. Troubleshooting The camera does not turn on Battery improperly installed (i..e battery is not locked in place).
Page 92: Emissivity
User Manual Non-uniformity appears in the image. Perform a non-uniformity calibration. Temperature measurement Emissivity setting is incorrect. Check and amend the inaccurate emissivity setting. Filter range is inappropriate. Select a filter range that is suitable for the target temperature being measured. The target is not in focus.
Page 93 User Manual A surface always emits less radiation than would a black body at the same temperature by a factor called the "emissivity" of the surface. Emissivity = Radiation emitted by surface Radiation emitted by black body How Do We Deal With Emissivity? If we ignore the emissivity altogether and infer a temperature from the thermometer output, we shall get a temperature lower than the true temperature by an amount depending on the value of emissivity and the characteristics of the thermometer.
Page 94 0.05 to 0.50 and are usually very wavelength dependent, being higher at shorter wavelengths. The appropriate settings for the ThermoPro TP8S IR Thermal Cameras are given in the following tables. It must be remembered that these are only guideline figures. They can be substantially increased if the surface is rough or even slightly oxidised.
Page 95: Typical Emissivity Values
User Manual Typical Emissivity Values Refractories Miscellaneous Alumina 0.40 Asphalt 0.90 Red Brick 0.93 Carbon >0.90 0.85 Graphite 0.95 Alloys Soot Brass 0.10 Cement & Concrete 0.90 0.61 Cloth 0.85 Oxidized Metals Aluminium 0.05 0.30 Oxidized Chromium 0.15 Cobalt 0.18 Gold 0.02 Iron &...
Page 96 User Manual 0.11 Oxidized...

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