DURATION OF WARRANTY: 3 years 1. Agilent Technologies warrants Agilent hardware, accessories and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for the period specified above. If Agilent receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, Agilent will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements. Ground the equipment: For Safety Class 1 equipment (equipment having a protective earth terminal), an uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the mains power source to the product input wiring terminals or supplied power cable.
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS 2064.1 Safety IEC 61010-1:1990+A1:1992+A2:1995 / EN 61010-1:1993+A2:1995 Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 1010.1:1992 UL 3111-1 Supplemental Information: [1] The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems. September 5, 2000 Date Name Quality Manager Title For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor.
Chapter 1 Getting Started Using This Chapter This chapter gives guidelines to get started using the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467 Relay Matrix Switch Modules (matrix modules), including: • Matrix Modules Description ......11 •...
Programming the Matrix Modules There are several ways you can program the matrix modules. One way is to write directly to the registers. This method can provide better throughput speed, but requires more knowledge of the matrix design. See Appendix B for information on register-based programming.
Example: Closing This example assumes a PC running BASIC and a GPIB interface. The program closes row 03, column 12 of an E1465A 16x16 matrix module at Relays (BASIC) logical address 120 (secondary address = 120/8 = 15) and queries the result.
Borland Turbo C. The program closes row 03, column 12 of Relays (Turbo C) an E1465A 16x16 matrix module at logical address 120 (secondary address = 120/8 = 15) and queries the result. The result is returned to the controller and displayed (1 = relay closed, 0 = relay open).
Chapter 2 Configuring the Matrix Modules Using This Chapter This chapter gives guidelines to connect external wiring to the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467A Relay Matrix Switch modules (matrix module) and shows how to connect multiple modules together to form larger matrixes.
Configuring the Switch Module This section gives guidelines to configure the E1465A/E1466A/E1467A switch module, including: • Switch Module Connectors • Setting the Logical Address Switch • Setting the Interrupt Level • Installing the Switch Module in a Mainframe Switch Module Figure 2-1 shows the front panel of the E1465/66/67A switch module and the connector pin-out that mates to the terminal module.
Setting the Logical The logical address switch (LADDR) factory setting is 120. Valid address values are from 1 to 255. The matrix module can be configured as a single Address Switch instrument or as a switchbox. See Figure 2-2 for switch position information. NOTE The address switch selected value must be a multiple of 8 if the module is the first module in a switchbox used with a VXIbus command module and...
Page 22
NOTE When the E1406A Command Module is the resource manager, the interrupt line jumper must be installed in position 1. However, if you are using an embedded computer with the E1406A Command Module, interrupt line 2 should be selected. The Level X interrupt line should not be used under normal operating conditions.
Installing the E1465/66/67A Relay Matrix Switch modules may be installed in any slot (except slot 0) in a C-size VXIbus mainframe. See Figure 2-4 to install the Switch Module in a module in a mainframe. Mainframe Set the extraction levers out. Slide the module into any slot (except slot 0) until the backplane connectors touch.
Wiring the Terminal Figures 2-8 and 2-9 give guidelines to connect user wiring to the terminal module assembly. Expansion connectors allow you to create larger Modules matrixes. See "Configuring Larger Matrixes" for details. User wiring to the matrix modules is to the High (H) and Low (L) terminal connections.
Page 28
Replace wiring exit panel. Replace clear cover. A. Hook in the top cover tabs onto the fixture. B. Press down and tighten screws. Keep wiring exit panel Cut required hole as small as holes in panels. possible. for wire exit Figure 2-9.
Attaching the Figure 2-10 shows how to attach the E1465A, E1466A, or E1467A terminal modules to the switch module. Terminal Modules to the Switch Module Extend the extraction levers on the terminal Apply gentle pressure to attach the terminal module.
For example, if you want to close row 00, column 05 on the second card, use CLOSe @20005). Creating a 32x32 Figure 2-11 shows how to connect four E1465A 16x16 modules to create a 32-row by 32-column matrix. This configuration requires 16 E1466-80002 Matrix Daisy Chain Expansion cables.
Creating a 4x256 Figure 2-12 shows how to connect four E1466A 4x64 modules to create a 4-row by 256-column matrix. This configuration requires three E1466-80002 Matrix Daisy Chain Expansion cables. The daisy chain rows of the first module are connected to the rows of the next module. The daisy chain rows of the second module are then connected to the rows of the next module, etc.
Creating an 8x96 Figure 2-13 shows how to connect three E1467A 8x32 modules to create an 8-row by 96-column matrix. This configuration requires four E1466-80002 Matrix Daisy Chain Expansion cables. The daisy chain rows of the first module are connected to the rows of the next module. The daisy chain rows of the second module are then connected to the rows of the next module, etc.
Creating Larger Figure 2-14 shows one way to connect C-Size mainframes together using GPIB. The matrix switch modules in each mainframe are then configured as Matrixes with switchboxes. The switchbox card numbers are 1, 2, 3, etc. in each Multiple Mainframes mainframe and each mainframe has a different address.
Chapter 3 Using the Matrix Modules Using This Chapter This chapter uses typical examples to show ways to use the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467A Relay Matrix Switch modules (matrix modules). See Chapter 4 for command information. Chapter contents are: •...
The following programs use the *RST, *CLS, *IDN?, CTYP?, and CDES? commands to reset and identify the matrix modules. For example, a typical printout for the E1465A 16x16 matrix module will be similar to: HEWLETT-PACKARD,SWITCHBOX,0,A.04.00 16 x 16 Matrix Switch HEWLETT-PACKARD,E1465A,0,A.04.00...
Note that these trigger bus lines are not actual hardware connections. Triggering is accomplished by the E1406A firmware. Row 00 (High and Low) of an E1465A 16x 6 matrix module is connected to the voltmeter's High and Low. The columns are then scanned, switching in different DUTs (devices under test).
Page 40
This BASIC example program sets up the multimeter (GPIB address 70903) to scan making two-wire resistance measurements. The E1465A matrix module is set to scan row 00, columns 00 to 15. 10 ALLOCATE REAL Rdgs(1:16) 20 OUTPUT 70915; "*RST;*CLS" ! Reset and clear the matrix module 30 OUTPUT 70903;...
Example: Scanning This example uses the E1406A Command Module Trig In and Trig Out ports to synchronize the matrix module channel closures to an external 3457A Using Trig In/Out voltmeter at address 722. Figure 3-2 shows how to connect the voltmeter to Ports (BASIC) the command module and to the matrix module.
Querying Matrix Modules All query commands end with a "?". These commands are used to determine a specific state of the matrix module. Data are sent to the output buffer where it can be retrieved into a computer. CLOSe? <channel_list> and OPEN? <channel_list>...
When Bit 7 of the Status Byte Register is enabled by *SRE 128 to assert a GPIB Service Request (SRQ), the computer can be interrupted when the Scan Complete Bit is set, after the scanning cycle completes. This allows the controller to do other operations while the scanning cycle is in progress. Example: Using the This example monitors bit 7 in the Status Byte Register to determine when the scanning cycle is complete.
Saving and Recalling States *SAV <numeric_state> stores the current state of the matrix modules channels. Up to 10 states can be stored by specifying <numeric_state> as an integer 0 through 9. The following states are stored: Channel relay states (open or closed), ARM:COUNt, TRIGger:SOURce, OUTPut[:STATe], and INITiate:CONTinuous.
Detecting Error Conditions SYSTem:ERRor? requests a value from instrument's error register. This register contains an integer in the range [-32768 to 32767]. The response takes the form <err_number>,<err_message>, where <err_number> is the value of the instrument's error and <err_message> is a short description of the error.
E1466A, and E1467A matrix modules, including advantages of latching relays and module operation. Advantages of There are several advantages to using the E1465A/E1466A/E1467A latching relays, as follows. The main disadvantage of latching relays is Latching Relays that the relay state is unchanged at power-on, power-off, or following a reset.
Page 48
• The FIFO Interface PAL reads the Data Bus and Address Bus FIFO until the EMPTY* flag signals the FIFO Interface PAL the FIFO memory is empty. • When the FIFO is empty, the FIFO Interface PAL signals the VME Timing PAL which asserts IRQ*.
Using This Chapter This chapter describes Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) and summarizes IEEE 488.2 Common (*) commands applicable to the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467A Relay Matrix Switch modules. This chapter contains the following sections: • Command Types........49 •...
Page 50
Command Separator A colon (:) always separates one command from the next lower-level command as shown below: [ROUTe:]SCAN Colons separate the root command from the second-level command ([ROUTe:]SCAN). Abbreviated Commands The command syntax shows most commands as a mixture of upper- and lowercase letters.
SCPI Command Reference This section describes the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) commands for the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467A Relay Matrix Switch Modules. Commands are listed alphabetically by subsystem and within each subsystem. Chapter 4...
ABORt The ABORt command stops a scan in progress when the scan is enabled via the interface and the trigger source is TRIGger:SOURce BUS or TRIGger:SOURce HOLD. Subsystem Syntax ABORt Comments The ABORt command terminates the scan and invalidates ABORt Actions: the current channel list.
The ARM subsystem selects the number of scanning cycles (1 to 32,767) for each INITiate command. Subsystem Syntax :COUNt <number> MIN | MAX :COUNt? [<MIN | MAX>] ARM:COUNt allows scanning to occur a multiple of ARM:COUNt <number> MIN | MAX times (1 to 32,767) with one INITiate command when INITiate:CONTinuous OFF | 0 is set.
ARM:COUNt? returns the current number of scanning cycles ARM:COUNt? [<MIN | MAX>] set by ARM:COUNt. The current number of scan cycles is returned when MIN or MAX is not specified. With MIN or MAX as a parameter, MIN returns "1" and MAX returns "32,767". Parameters Name Type...
DISPlay The DISPlay subsystem monitors the channel state of the selected module in a switchbox. This subsystem operates with an E1406A Command Module when a display terminal is connected. Subsystem Syntax DISPlay :MONitor :CARD <number> | AUTO [:STATe] <mode> DISPlay:MONitor:CARD selects the module in a switchbox DISPlay:MONitor:CARD <number>...
DISPlay:MONitor[:STATe] turns the monitor mode ON or OFF. DISPlay:MONitor[:STATe] <mode> Parameters Name Type Range of Values Default Value ON | OFF | 1 | 0 OFF | 0 <mode> boolean Comments DISPlay:MONitor:STATe ON or Monitoring Switchbox Channels: DISPlay:MONitor:STATe 1 turns the monitor mode ON to show the channel state of the selected module.
INITiate The INITiate command subsystem selects continuous scanning cycles and starts the scanning cycle. Subsystem Syntax INITiate :CONTinuous <mode> :CONTinuous? [:IMMediate] INITiate:CONTinuous enables or disables continuous scanning INITiate:CONTinuous <mode> cycles for the matrix modules. Parameters Name Type Range of Values Default Value ON | OFF | 1 | 0 OFF | 0...
Example Enabling Continuous Scanning This example enables continuous scanning of channels 10000 through 10003 of a single-module switchbox. Since TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate (default) is set, use an interface clear command (such as CLEAR) to stop the scan. INIT:CONT ON ! Enable continuous scanning SCAN(@10000:10003) ! Define channel list INIT...
OUTPut The OUTPut command subsystem enables or disables the different trigger lines of the E1406A Command Module. Subsystem Syntax OUTPut :EXTernal [:STATe] <mode> [:STATe]? [:STATe] <mode> [:STATe]? :TTLTrgn (:TTLTrg0 through :TTLTrg7) [:STATe] <mode> [:STATe]? OUTPut:EXTernal[:STATe] enables or disables the "Trig Out" port on OUTPut:EXTernal[:STATe] <mode>...
Example Enabling "Trig Out" Port OUTP:EXT ON ! Enable "Trig Out" port to output pulse after each scanned channel is closed OUTPut:EXTernal[:STATe]? queries the present state of the "Trig Out" port OUTPut:EXTernal[:STATe]? on the E1406A Command Module. The command returns "1" if the port is enabled or "0"...
OUTPut[:STATe]? queries the present state of the E1406A Command OUTPut[:STATe]? Module "Trig Out" port. The command returns "1" if the port is enabled or "0" if the port is disabled. This command functions the same as OUTPut:EXTernal[:STATe]?. Example Query "Trig Out" Port Enable State This example enables the E1406A Command Module "Trig Out"...
Example Enabling TTL Trigger Bus Line 7 OUTP:TTLT7:STAT 1 ! Enable TTL Trigger bus line 7 to output pulse after each scanned channel is closed OUTPut:TTLTrgn[:STATe]? queries the present state of the specified TTL OUTPut:TTLTrgn[:STATe]? Trigger bus line. The command returns "1" if the specified TTLTrg bus line is enabled or "0"...
NOTE Closure order for multiple channels with a single command is not guaranteed. Channel numbers can be in the <channel_list> in any random order. [ROUTe:]OPEN, [ROUTe:]CLOSe? Related Commands: All channels open. *RST Condition: Example Closing Matrix Modules Channels This example closes channels 10100 and 20013 of a two-module switchbox (card numbers 01 and 02).
Parameters Name Type Range of Values Default Value <channel_list> numeric E1465A: rr: 00 - 15 cc: 00 - 15 E1466A: rr: 00 - 03 cc: 00 - 63 E1467A: rr: 00 - 07 cc: 00 - 31 Comments When ROUTe:SCAN is executed, the channel list is Defining Scan List: checked for valid card and channel numbers.
Page 67
Scanning Channels: • To scan a single channel use ROUT:SCAN (@ssrrcc) • To scan multiple channels use ROUT:SCAN (@ssrrcc,ssrrcc,...) • To scan sequential channels use ROUT:SCAN (@ssrrcc:ssrrcc) • To scan groups of sequential channels use ROUT:SCAN (@ssrrcc:ssrrcc,ssrrcc:ssrrcc) • or any combination of the above NOTE Channel numbers can be in the <channel_list>...
STATus The STATus subsystem reports the bit values of the OPERation Status Register. It also allows you to unmask the bits you want reported from the Standard Event Status Register and to read the summary bits from the Status Byte Register. Subsystem Syntax STATus :OPERation...
Page 69
*SRE 128 unmasks the OPR bit (operation) in <8192> the status byte register. This is effective only if the STAT:OPER:ENAB 256 command <16384> is executed. <32768> STAT:QUES:ENAB 256 unmasks the "Scan Complete" bit. Figure 4-1. E1465A/E1466A/E1467A Status System Register Diagram Chapter 4 Matrix Modules Command Reference 69...
STATus:OPERation:CONDition? returns the state of the Condition Register STATus:OPERation:CONDition? in the OPERation Status Register. The state represents conditions that are part of the instrument's operation. The switch module driver does not set bit 8 in the OPERation Status Register (see STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]?). STATus:OPERation:ENABle sets an enable mask to allow events STATus:OPERation:ENABle <unmask>...
Example Querying the Enable Register in the OPERation Status Register STAT:OPER:ENAB? ! Query the Enable Register in the OPERation Status Register STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]? returns which bits in the Event Register within STATus:OPERation[:EVENt]? the OPERation Status Register are set. The Event Register indicates that a time-related instrument event has occurred.
SYSTem:CTYPe? <number> returns: E1465A Matrix Module Model Number: HEWLETT-PACKARD,E1465A,0,A.04.00 where the 0 after E1465A is the module serial number (always 0) and A.04.00 is an example of the module revision code number. SYSTem:CTYPe? <number> returns: E1466A Matrix Module Model Number: HEWLETT-PACKARD,E1466A,0,A.04.00...
SYSTem:CTYPe? <number> returns: E1467A Matrix Module Model Number: HEWLETT-PACKARD,E1467A,0,A.04.00 where the 0 after E1467A is the module serial number (always 0) and A.04.00 is an example of the module revision code number. Example Reading the Model Number of a Module SYST:CTYP? 1 ! Returns the model number SYSTem:ERRor?
TRIGger The TRIGger command subsystem controls the triggering operation of matrix modules in a switchbox. Subsystem Syntax TRIGger [:IMMediate] :SOURce <source> :SOURce? TRIGger[:IMMediate] causes a trigger event to occur when the defined trigger TRIGger[:IMMediate] source is TRIGger:SOURce BUS or TRIGger:SOURce HOLD. Comments : Before TRIGger[:IMMediate] will execute, Executing TRIGger[:IMMediate]...
TRIGger:SOURce specifies the trigger source to advance the TRIGger:SOURce <source> <channel_list> during scanning. Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Parameter Description discrete *TRG or GET command EXTernal discrete "Trig In" port HOLD discrete Hold Triggering IMMediate discrete Immediate Triggering TTLTrgn numeric TTL Trigger Bus Line 0 - 7 Comments TRIGger:SOURce only selects the trigger...
ABORt, [ROUTe:]SCAN, OUTPut Related Commands: TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate *RST Condition: Example Scanning Using External Triggers This example uses external triggering (TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal) to scan channels 0000 through 0003 of a single-module switchbox. The trigger source to advance the scan is the input to the "Trig In" port on the E1406A Command Module.
SCPI Commands Quick Reference The following table summarizes the SCPI Commands for the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467A Relay Matrix Switch Modules. Command Description ABORt ABORt Aborts a scan in progress :COUNt <number> MIN | MAX Multiple scans per INIT command...
IEEE 488.2 Common Commands Reference The following table lists the IEEE 488.2 Common (*) commands that apply to the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467A Relay Matrix Switch Modules. The operation of some of these commands is described in Chapter 3 of this manual.
Appendix A Matrix Modules Specifications General Module Size/Device Type: Relay Life: C-size VXIbus, Register based, A16/D16, Interrupter @ No Load: 5 x 10 Operations (levels 1-7, jumper selectable) @ Full Load: 10 Operations Power Requirements: Watts/slot: 5 W Voltage: +5 V +12 V Cooling/slot: 0.08 mm H 0 @ 0.42 Liter/sec for 10...
Page 82
E1465A Crosstalk Between Channels Specifications are for 16 x 16 matrix, for Z(load) = Z(source) = 50 . AC specifications apply with no more than one crosspoint closed per row or column. Typical is defined as the worst crosspoint test result from one or two matrix modules.
Register-Based Programming About This Appendix This appendix contains information you can use for register-based programming of the E1465A, E1466A, and E1467A Relay Matrix Switch modules. The contents include: • Register Programming vs. SCPI Programming ... .83 •...
The Base Address When reading or writing to a switch register, a hexadecimal or decimal register address is specified. This address consists of a base address plus a register offset. The base address used in register-based programming depends on whether the A16 address space is outside or inside the E1406 Command Module.
Page 85
Bank 0 Control Register C000 (49,152) Not Used Status/Control Register Device Type Register ID Register E1465A/66A/67A OOOO A16 Register Map Base Address = COOO + (Logical Address 64) 49,152 + (Logical Address 64) Register Address = Base address + Register Offset Figure B-1.
Manufacturer ID - Returns FFFF = Hewlett-Packard A16 only register-based device. Device Type The Device Type Register is at offset address 02 and returns 0122 Register an E1465A/E1466A/E1467A module. This register is read only. b+02 Write Undefined Read 0122 Status/Control...
Page 87
(bit 7 = 1) and the interrupt is enabled (bit 6 = 0), a read of the Status/Control Register (base + 04 ) returns DBBF. • The following bit representations determine Module ID (bits 10 - 13): the module configuration (E1465A/66A/67A determined by the terminal module attached). Model/Bits (13) (12) (11)
Relay Control There are 16 relay control registers: Bank 0 Relay Control Register (base + ) through Bank 15 Relay Control Register 2 (base + 3E ). These Register registers are used to open and close the specified matrix relays. Reading any Relay Control Register will always return FFFF regardless of the channel states.
Page 89
Bank 7 Relay Control Register Address Base+2E Bank 8 Relay Control Register Address Base+30 Bank 9 Relay Control Register Address Base+32 Bank 10 Relay Control Register Address 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 1009 1008 1007 1006 1005 1004 1003 1002 1001 1000...
Programming Examples This section provides example programs in BASIC and C/HP-UX, including: • Example: Reading the Registers (BASIC) • Example: Reading the Registers (C/HP-UX) • Example: Making Measurements (BASIC) • Example: Making Measurements (C/HP-UX) • Example: Scanning Channels (BASIC) • Example: Scanning Channels (C/HP-UX) Example: Reading This BASIC programming example reads the Manufacturer ID Register,...
Example: Reading This C/HP-UX programming example reads the Manufacturer ID Register, Device Type Register and Status Register on the E1466A matrix module. the Registers (C/HP-UX) /***************************************************/ /****** readreg.c ******/ /**************************************************/ #include <sys/vxi.h> /*source file for controller VXI drivers*/ #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h>...
Example: Making This BASIC programming example closes bit 1 on bank 0, waits for a measurement to be made, and then opens the channel. You must insert Measurements your own programming code for the measurement part of this program. For (BASIC) example, if you are using the E1411B, see the E1326B/E1411B Multimeter User's Manual for programming examples.
Example: Making This C/HP-UX programming example closes bit 1 on bank 0, waits for a measurement to be made, and then opens the channel. You must insert Measurements your own programming code for the measurement part of this program. For (C/HP-UX) example, if you are using the E1411B, see the E1326B/E1411B Multimeter User's Manual for programming examples.
Page 94
/*SUB VER_TIME*/ ver_time( ) struct timeval first, second, lapsed; struct timezone tzp; gettimeofday(&first,&tzp); for (j=0; j<=7000; j ++); gettimeofday ($second,&tzp); if (first.tv_usec > second.tv_usec) second.tv_usec +=1000000; second.tv_sec--; lapsed.tv_usec = second.tv_usec - first.tv_usec; lapsed.tv_sec = second.tv_sec - first.tv_sec; printf("Elapsed time for closing a channel is: %ld sec %ld usec \n", lapsed.tv_sec, lapsed.tv_usec);...
Example: Scanning This BASIC programming example scans through the bank 0 channels (closing one switch at a time) and makes measurements between switch Channels (BASIC) closures. You must insert your own programming code for the measurement part of this program. For example, if you are using the E1411B, see the E1326B/E1411B Multimeter User's Manual for programming examples.
Example: Scanning This C/HP-UX programming example scans through the bank 0 channels (closing one switch at a time) and makes measurements between switch Channels (C/HP-UX) closures. You must insert your own programming code for the measurement part of this program. For example, if you are using the E1411B, see the E1326B/E1411B Multimeter User's Manual for programming examples.
Page 97
/*sub to verify the time to close the switch*/ ver_time( ); /*sub to close a set of switches and make measurements*/ scan_meas(dev); /*END of main program*/ /*SUB VER_TIME*/ ver_time( ) struct timeval first, second, lapsed; struct timezone tzp; gettimeofday(&first,&tzp); for (j=0; j<=7000; j ++); gettimeofday ($second,&tzp);...
Matrix Modules Error Messages Error Types Table C-2 lists the error messages generated by the E1465A, E1466A, or E1467A Relay Matrix Switch modules firmware when programmed by SCPI. Errors with negative values are governed by the SCPI standard and are categorized in Table C-1.
Error Messages Table C-2. Error Messages Code Potential Cause(s) Error Message -109 Missing Parameter Sending a command requiring a channel list without the channel list. -211 Trigger Ignored Trigger received when scan not enabled. Trigger received after scan complete. Trigger too fast. -213 INIT Ignored Attempting to execute an INIT command when a scan is already in...
Appendix D Relay Life Replacement Strategy Electromechanical relays are subject to normal wear-out. Relay life depends on several factors. The replacement strategy depends on the application. If some relays are used more often or at a higher load than other relays, the relays can be individually replaced as needed.
Page 102
• As the relay begins to wear Contact Resistance Maximum Value. out, its contact resistance increases. When the resistance exceeds a predetermined value, the relay should be replaced. • The stability of the contact resistance Contact Resistance Variance. decreases with age. Using this method, the contact resistance is measured several (5-10) times, and the variance of the measurements is determined.
Page 104
E (continued) matrix modules (cont’d) creating larger matrixes (multiple mainframes), 34 examples (cont’d) description, 11 Reading the Model Number of a Module, 74 error messages, 100 Reading the OPERation Status Register, 71 error types, 99 Reading the Registers (BASIC), 90 installing switch module in mainframe, 23 Reading the Registers (C/HP-UX), 91 programming, 15...