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Related Manuals for Yashica 44A
Summary of Contents for Yashica 44A
- Page 1 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 1 / 55 Scans and Document copyright by Mischa Koning - www.3106.net This document or parts thereof may not be sold and / or resold in either print form or...
- Page 2 These web-pages have been scanned and converted from the original "Focal Press" publication "Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide", First Edition: January, 1964. Cameras covered are the Yashica A, Yashica B, Yashica C, Yashica D, Yashica 635, Yashica 44A, Yashica-MAT, Yashica 44LM and Yashica MAT LM cameras.
- Page 3 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 3 / 55 Table of Contents • About this Guide • The Yashica reflex camera • Yashica Reflex Models • Handling the Yashica Reflex • Focusing • Loading and Unloading...
- Page 4 First Edition: January, 1964 How to Use The Yashica A, Yashica B, Yashica C, Yashica D, Yashica 635, Yashica 44A, Yashica-MAT, Yashica 44LM and Yashica MAT LM cameras By W. D. EMANUEL Some items of equipment or certain materials mentioned in this book may not be freely available in every country. Import and marketing conditions vary widely, and are outside the control of the photographic dealer.
- Page 5 The Yashica reflex cameras are focused by a large focusing knob on the side of the camera. This is geared to the front panel and smoothly and simultaneously controls both lenses. A depth of field indicator is incorporated.
- Page 6 Film transport fully automatic by lever wind. Fresnel lens in reflex screen. • Yashica Mal-LM. As Yashica-Mat, but has built-in photo-electric exposure meter, uncoupled, scale built into focusing knob. The 4 x 4 models are: • Yashica 44.
- Page 7 . These are all 2¼ in. x 2¼ in. models, but the 635 version of Model D also takes 35 mm. film. The 4 cm x 4 cm. models are the 44 (now discontinued), the 44A (similar to Model A) and the 44LM, with built-in exposure meter.
- Page 8 HANDLING THE YASHICA REFLEX In order to simplify the description and handling of the Yashica Reflex camera without being confused by different features of individual models, this guide has been divided into a general section which applies to all models, while the requirements and consequently different handling of each model are found on the "green pages".
- Page 9 A better method is to carry it on a short strap around the neck at chest-level ready for work. The ever-ready case enables the Yashica reflex to be used without removing it from the case. The anchoring lugs on either side prevent the camera from failing out.
- Page 10 Parallax Compensation The reflex finder of the Yashica reflex is masked so that the field seen in it right down to 3½ ft. will appear on the negative. The frame finder yields a view of its own as it views from a point away from the lens. The greater the distance between the two, the bigger the difference of this point of view, i.e.
- Page 11 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 11 / 55 VIEWFINDERS Left: The standard method of viewing with the Yashica is to look straight down on the ground-glass screen in the top of the camera. A large hinged magnifier in the hood swings out to enlarge the whole screen area.
- Page 12 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 12 / 55 Focusing The second purpose of the reflex finder -obtaining the best possible definition- is at the same time one of the most important aids to obtaining good results.
- Page 13 Loading and Unloading The Yashica reflex uses standard size 120 roll film. It gives 12 exposures 2¼ x 2¼ in. (6 x 6 cm.). The Yashica reflex "44" uses 127 size roll film for 12 exposures 1 5/6 x 1 5/8 in. (4 x 4 cm.). These are film spools which are loaded into the camera in daylight.
- Page 14 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 14 / 55 Above left to right. With the Yashica D, 635 and Yashica-Mats, open camera back, insert film and attach to take-up spool. Wind film until crossbar on paper points to arrowheads on camera body and close camera back.
- Page 15 Note: The shutters of current Yashica models D, 635 MAT, MAT LM and 44LM use the new standard speeds of 1,½,¼, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, etc., as shown in the following pages. Earlier models used the speeds 1,½, 1/5, 1/10,1/25, 1/50, etc.
- Page 16 YASHICA A AND YASHICA 44A The Yashica A and 44A are equipped with f 3.5 Yashikor, a three-element triplet of 80 mm. focal length in case of the 2¼ x 2¼ model and 60 mm. in the 4 x 4 model as both taking and viewing lens. The shutter is the "Copal" four-speed (1/25, 1/50 1/100 and 1/300 sec.
- Page 17 See chapter on "Flash". Model A (right) has a focusing knob for right-handed operation with the film-winding knob just above it. The 44A (left) has left-handed focusing with film wind on the right. Otherwise the cameras are similar, with magnifying glass to facilitate focusing sportsfinder frame and flash synchronization.
- Page 18 YASHICA D AND 635 The Yashica D and 635 are equipped with f 3.5 Yashikor, a three-element triplet of 80 mm. focal length for both taking and viewing lens. The shutter is the Copal MXV, giving speeds 1,½,¼, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125,1/250 and 1/500 sec.
- Page 19 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 19 / 55 Shooting 1. Advance the film to the next number by pressing the film release button in the centre of the film transport knob and turning the knob until it locks. The next number then shows in the film counter window.
- Page 20 M Settings. A self-timer is fitted and is controlled by a lever at bottom of the lens mount. Shooting with the Yashica D and 635. From left to right: Advance the film by pushing the film release button and turning the film winding knob to the automatic stop. Set shutter speed and aperture. Cock the shutter. Focus the picture on the screen and press the shutter release.
- Page 21 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 21 / 55 Unloading 35 mm. Film After all exposures have been made the 35 mm. film has to be rewound into its cassette. To do this: 1. Pull out the rewind release button "R" and give it a slight turn to keep it in this position.
- Page 22 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 22 / 55 Top row, left to right: To adapt the camera, pull out the rewind release button, insert the converter mask and let the button snap back. Screw the adapter spool spool supporter shaft and attach the auxiliary shaft to the cassette spool.
- Page 23 NOTE: To operate the transport crank without film in the camera, remove the take-up spool from the upper chamber. The automatic mechanism of the Yashica Mat and ML may jam if the crank is operated with only the bare metal spool in the take-up position.
- Page 24 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 24 / 55 Unloading 1. Wind off film, after all 12 exposures have been taken, by turning the film crank handle another 6 turns to wind off the remainder of film and backing paper.
- Page 25 Shooting with Yashica Mat and Mat LM. Left to right: Advance the film by winding the crank forward until it stops and then back until it stops. This also cocks the shutter. Set aperture and shutter speed. Focus the picture on the screen and press shutter release.
- Page 26 USING THE METER On the Yashica Mat LM, first set the film speed (top left). Point the camera at the subject and read Off the key number indicated in the exposure meter window (top centre). Turn the key number ring until this number is opposite the black dot on the outer rim of the focusing knob (top right).
- Page 27 YASHICA 44LM The Yashica 44LM is equipped with f 3.5 Yashinon, a four-element triplet of 60 mm. focal length for both taking and viewing lens. The shutter is the Copal SV giving speeds 1,½,¼, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125,1/250 and 1/500 sec. and B for time exposures with XM flash synchronization and built-in delayed-action release.
- Page 28 The Photo-electric Exposure Meter The Yashica 44LM has an exposure meter built into the camera top plate with a light reading window (observed from above through a built-in magnifier) on its right. The reading is converted into aperture/ shutter speeds for the speed of the film in the camera by an exposure reading scale built into the film transport knob.
- Page 29 Shooting with the Yashica 44LM. Left to right: Advance the film by pushing the film release button and turning the film winding knob until it stops. Set shutter speed and aperture. Cock the shutter. Focus the picture on the screen and press shutter release.
- Page 30 Page 30 / 55 FILMS AND FILTERS There are two kinds of films available for the Yashica Reflex: black-and-white and colour. Black-and-white Film This produces a negative in which the colours and brightness range of the subject are translated into black and white. From it, prints or enlargements on paper (or, in special cases, black-and-white transparencies) can be made.
- Page 31 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 31 / 55 Colour Reversal Film This produces a colour transparency on the actual film exposed in the camera. This transparency held up to the light shows a positive image with all parts or the subject in their original colours. It can be viewed in a suitable transparency viewer with a magnifier or it can be projected in a slide projector to give a large and brilliant picture on a screen.
- Page 32 (in most cases both). Yashica reflex transparencies made on size 120 film need projecting in a large-size projector which, takes 2 ¾ x 2 ¾ in. slides. Alternatively, you can cut down the transparency to fit 2 x 2 in. miniature slide frames (1 5/8 x 1 5/8 in. super slides).
- Page 33 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 33 / 55 Filters for Colour Film The normal yellow, orange and other filters for black-and-white film must never be used with colour films as they would give the colour picture a strong overall colour tint.
- Page 34 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 34 / 55 Choosing the Combination But whether you work out the right exposure from an elaborate table or chart or you are presented with a series or exposure values or pairs of aperture figures and shutter speeds, you still have one decision to face: which aperture-shutter combination to choose for any given shot.
- Page 35 The Self-timer The Yashica reflex cameras (except models A and 44A) carry a delayed-action release or self-timer. This is controlled by the lever with red dot in it on the camera front. To put it into action, Push this lever as far to the left as it will go after the synchronization lever has been set to the X position.
- Page 36 This exists in two types. A special scale of aperture numbers is marked opposite the distance scale of the Yashica reflex cameras. There are two sets of such numbers from the largest stop (f3.5) to the smallest (f22) on each side of the focusing index (the mark that indicates the distance to which you have set...
- Page 37 Close-up Work The Yashica reflex focuses down to 3½ ft. and covers a subject field of about 23 x 23 in. at this distance. For work at still nearer distances close-up supplementary lenses have to be used. Two identical lenses (i.e., matched in focal length) are required, one for the viewing lens and the other for the taking lens;...
- Page 38 DEPTH OF FIELD A depth of field scale is engraved around the focusing knob of the Yashica cameras next to the distance scale. It is thus quite a simple matter to read off what area will be in sharp focus for any distance setting and aperture. With the camera focused on 8 ft.
- Page 39 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 39 / 55 FOREGROUND INTEREST can be overdone. Although boats have popular appeal, it is difficult to arrange them pleasingly and there are often too many of them. A SIMPLE FOREGROUND adds depth to the picture without drawing attention away from the main subject. The figures set the scale, emphasising the vastness of the scene.
- Page 40 ACCESSORIES Above: The ever-ready case of the Yashica 2¼ x 2¼ models. To remove the camera, a raise the two metal slides at the top of the case (left), spread the sides of the case apart (centre) and lift out the camera (right).
- Page 41 The shutter of the Yashica A models have a nonadjustable flash contact which has the characteristics of the X- synchronization described below. On all other shutters the synchronizing lever can be set to X or M.
- Page 42 Flashguns can be attached to the Yashica models either by means of the accessory shoe on the side of the camera or by a bracket affixed to the tripod socket in the camera base. Either of these positions may be used, whether the synchronization socket is at the top or bottom of the camera.
- Page 43 First and foremost, get away from the fear of approaching close to your subject. The photograph which is half landscape with a figure placed half-heartedly somewhere in it is not a portrait. With the Yashica, 5 to 6 ft. is the most useful portrait distance which will avoid distortion and, still produce a large portrait.
- Page 44 Children Assuming that the Yashica user is not fond of posed and sentimentally arranged pictures of children (which after all do not require a technique different from that applied to legitimate portraits), he will have to work inconspicuously. Divert the child's attention by letting him play his games while you play with the camera.
- Page 45 TAKING COLOUR PICTURES You will undoubtedly want to take colour pictures with your Yashica. When you have decided which colour film to use, stick to it long enough to become familiar with its peculiarities and with its special requirements with regard to exposure.
- Page 46 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 46 / 55 reproduction of colours. The rules for taking colour photos of firework displays and thunderstorms are the same as for black-and-white pictures: shutter release at B, shutter open, stop 3.5, focus at infinity.
- Page 47 Page 47 / 55 FACTS AND FIGURES This section gives the. more important exposure, close-up, zone focusing, using, film, etc., data for tile Yashica reflex in handy tabular form for easy reference. CONVERSION OF FEET AND INCHES INTO METRIC UNITS Many cameras are marked only in either the metric or British system, while most of the tables in this book are also given in only one system.
- Page 48 DAYLIGHT EXPOSURE VALUES For Yashica models without exposure meter add up the respective figures in Tables 1 2 and 3. The result is the exposure value to be set. On models without exposure value scale use Table 4 to get aperture-speed combinations (set the shutter to nearest marked speeds if necessary - e.g.1/25 sec.
- Page 49 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 49 / 55 SHUTTER SPEEDS TO ARREST MOVEMENT The shutter speeds as listed above are applicable to motion which cuts right across the direction in which the lens and the photographer look.
- Page 50 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 50 / 55 BLACK-AND-WHITE FILTER DATA COLOUR FILTER DATA Scans and Document copyright by Mischa Koning - www.3106.net This document or parts thereof may not be sold and / or resold in either print form or...
- Page 51 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 51 / 55 CONVERSION OF FILM SPEED SYSTEMS CLOSE-UP LENS DATA The values are approximate APERTURES WITH BLUE FLASH BULBS (For 32 ASA Daylight Type Colour Film) Scans and Document copyright by Mischa Koning - www.3106.net...
- Page 52 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 52 / 55 BLACK-AND-WHITE FILMS The ASA speeds are the minimum correct exposure ratings (page 19). Some manufacturers may, however, still be quoting their speeds according to the older system to give more liberal exposure. TYPE: P = panchromatic; Pr. = panchromatic with increased red sensitivity.
- Page 53 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 53 / 55 COLOUR FILMS PROCESSING: M = films can be processed only by the maker; L - films can be processed only by an approved laboratory through a photographic dealer; U films can be processed by the user by means of special processing kits.
- Page 54 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 54 / 55 The Focal ENCYCLOPEDIA PHOTOGRAPHY 2,000 articles : 1¼ million words 1,468 pages, 385 photographs, 1,500 diagrams Bound burgundy buckram, stamped silver Price GBP 6 6s. (U.S.A. price $22.50) Desk Edition GBP 1 17s.
- Page 55 Yashica Twin Lens Reflex Guide - Focal Press January 1964 Page 55 / 55 Scans and Document copyrighted by Mischa Koning - www.3106.net You may copy and print this document or parts of this document for your own personal use. You may not, however, reprint or republish this work, in whole or in part, without prior permission from me, Mischa Koning.
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