Table of Contents
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5.1.1. Server Option and Variable Reference .............................................................. 378
5.1.2. Server Configuration Defaults ........................................................................... 399
5.1.3. Server Command Options ................................................................................ 399
5.1.4. Server System Variables .................................................................................. 425
5.1.5. Using System Variables ................................................................................... 507
5.1.6. Server Status Variables ................................................................................... 516
5.1.7. Server SQL Modes .......................................................................................... 534
5.1.8. Server-Side Help ............................................................................................. 541
5.1.9. Server Response to Signals ............................................................................. 541
5.1.10. The Shutdown Process .................................................................................. 542
5.2. MySQL Server Logs ................................................................................................... 543
5.2.1. The Error Log .................................................................................................. 543
5.2.2. The General Query Log ................................................................................... 544
5.2.3. The Binary Log ................................................................................................ 545
5.2.4. The Slow Query Log ........................................................................................ 548
5.2.5. Server Log Maintenance .................................................................................. 549
5.3. Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine ................................................... 550
5.3.1. Setting Up Multiple Data Directories ................................................................. 552
5.3.2. Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Windows ............................................... 553
5.3.3. Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Unix ...................................................... 555
5.3.4. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment .................................... 556
6. Security ................................................................................................................................ 559
6.1. General Security Issues .............................................................................................. 559
6.1.1. Security Guidelines .......................................................................................... 560
6.1.2. Keeping Passwords Secure ............................................................................. 561
6.1.3. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers ......................................................... 569
6.1.5. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User ............................................................. 571
6.1.7. Client Programming Security Guidelines ........................................................... 573
6.2. The MySQL Access Privilege System .......................................................................... 574
6.2.1. Privileges Provided by MySQL ......................................................................... 575
6.2.2. Privilege System Grant Tables ......................................................................... 579
6.2.3. Specifying Account Names ............................................................................... 583
6.2.4. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification .............................................. 585
6.2.5. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification ................................................... 588
6.2.6. When Privilege Changes Take Effect ................................................................ 590
6.2.7. Causes of Access-Denied Errors ...................................................................... 590
6.3. MySQL User Account Management ............................................................................. 595
6.3.1. User Names and Passwords ............................................................................ 595
6.3.2. Adding User Accounts ..................................................................................... 597
6.3.3. Removing User Accounts ................................................................................. 600
6.3.4. Setting Account Resource Limits ...................................................................... 600
6.3.5. Assigning Account Passwords .......................................................................... 602
6.3.6. Using SSL for Secure Connections ................................................................... 603
6.3.7. Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH .................................. 614
6.3.8. SQL-Based MySQL Account Activity Auditing .................................................... 614
7. Backup and Recovery ........................................................................................................... 617
7.1. Backup and Recovery Types ...................................................................................... 618
7.2. Database Backup Methods ......................................................................................... 620
7.3. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy ..................................................................... 622
7.3.1. Establishing a Backup Policy ............................................................................ 623
7.3.2. Using Backups for Recovery ............................................................................ 625
7.3.3. Backup Strategy Summary ............................................................................... 625
7.4.2. Reloading SQL-Format Backups ....................................................................... 627
MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual
Options and Variables ............................................... 570
for Backups ................................................................................... 625
vi
......................................................... 572
................................................ 626
.................................. 627
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