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ACRONIS DISK DIRECTOR SERVER 10.0 User Manual

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  • Page 1 Acronis Disk Director Server 10.0 User’s guide www.acronis.com...
  • Page 2 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005. All rights reserved. Windows and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners. Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
  • Page 3 G. Making telecommunication data transmission of the software. Acronis has the right to terminate this license if there is a violation of its terms or default by the original purchaser. Upon termination for any reason, all copies of the software must be immediately returned to Acronis, and the original purchaser shall be liable to Acronis for any and all damages suffered as a result of the violation or default.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    CHAPTER 6. WORKING IN THE COMMAND-LINE MODE............66 ........................66 UPPORTED COMMANDS ..................67 DISKDIRECTORCMD EXE USAGE EXAMPLES CHAPTER 7. WORKING WITH ACRONIS RECOVERY EXPERT ..........68 ........................69 UTOMATIC ECOVERY ......................... 72 ANUAL ECOVERY CHAPTER 8. WORKING WITH ACRONIS DISK EDITOR............. 75 ........................
  • Page 5 Table of contents ........................ 90 ORMATTING ISKS ............................ 90 YSTEMS ....................91 YSTEM PECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B. GLOSSARY ........................95 Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 6: Chapter 1. Introduction

    Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction What is Acronis Disk Director Server? Acronis Disk Director Server is a complex program that includes partition manager and hard disk data editing tools. With it, you can: Create hard disk partitions • Resize, move, split and merge partitions without data loss or destruction •...

  • Page 7: Software Use Conditions

    Server on your system. Under current legislation, the «License Agreement» is considered a contract between you and Acronis Inc. The contract is a legal document and its violation may result in legal action. Illegal use and/or distribution of this software will be prosecuted.

  • Page 8: Chapter 2. Installation And Use

    Installation And Use Chapter 2. Installation And Use System Requirements To take full advantage of Acronis Disk Director Server you should have: A PC-compatible computer with a Pentium or similar CPU • 128 MB RAM • A floppy or a CD-RW/DVD-RW drive •...

  • Page 9: Upgrading Acronis Disk Director Server

    To remove Acronis Disk Director Server, select Start → Settings → Control Panel → Add or Remove Programs → Acronis Disk Director Server → Remove. You will see a dialog to confirm removal. Click Yes to confirm and Acronis Disk Director Server will be completely removed.

  • Page 10: Running Acronis Disk Director Server

    2. Test your disk to make sure it’s fully functional and does not contain bad sectors or file system errors. You can invoke system hard disk checking tools directly from Acronis Disk Director Server by selecting Disk Check or clicking Check the selected partition for errors toolbar button.
  • Page 11 • Windows 2003 Server. Installation Process»). While working with Acronis Disk Director Server, you may need to use the bootable media: (1) after a serious Windows failure or (2) to work on a Linux- based PC. (See also Chapter 9 «Bootable Media Builder».) Your PC BIOS must be set correctly to boot and run the software from bootable diskettes or CD.

  • Page 12: Chapter 3. Beginning The Work

    3.1.2 Manual partition operations In this mode, experienced users have access to all Acronis Disk Director Server features. Partition operations are performed by entering necessary parameters into dialog boxes. The main difference between the automatic and manual modes is that wizards perform operations series in the automatic mode and only single disk/partition operations in the manual mode.

  • Page 13: Acronis Disk Director Server Main Window

    The main window appearance differs depending on the selected operation mode (see 3.1 «Acronis Disk Director Server Logical Organization»). The difference applies to the available operation list in the main menu, partition context menus, sidebar and toolbar, and the amount of partition structure details represented.

  • Page 14: Calling Partition Operations

    Beginning The Work Acronis Disk Director Server main window, Manual Mode 1. Disk and partition information The main window shows the partition’s disk number, assigned letter, label, type, status, size, free space size and file system. Disk and partition information is also provided in the partition and disk tree.

  • Page 15: Partition Operation Properties

    Recover — recover deleted or damaged partitions (see Chapter 6 Chapter 7 «Working • with Acronis Recovery Expert»). Edit — edit hard disk data (see Chapter 8 «Working with Acronis Disk Editor»). • Advanced partition operations are called from the Advanced sidebar list, the same partition context menu item or toolbar button.
  • Page 16 All of your actions result in the creation of pending operations. For example, you can create a new partition by providing its type, file system, size, location and label. You can easily view the pending operation for the partition you are working on (see 3.4.3 «Viewing delayed operations»). Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 17 User entries are necessary operation parameters on the wizard or dialog box pages. One user action in Acronis Disk Director Server enables you to plan a list of partition operations, for example, calling a wizard for partition creation or resizing. (You can easily verify your actions by looking at the Pending Operations when the wizard finishes its work.)
  • Page 18 Beginning The Work 3.4.7 Wizard operations Pending partition operations created by Acronis Disk Director Server wizards differ in that a user must provide a list of operation parameters to perform them. Each parameter is entered on a separate wizard page.

  • Page 19: Protecting Acronis Disk Director Server Witha Password

    Password and Confirm New Password fields in the Set Password window. Click OK to enable password protection. If you protect Acronis Disk Director Server with a password and forget it, you will have to uninstall Acronis Disk Director Server (see 2.5 Removing Software), and install it again.

  • Page 20: Viewing Logs

    Beginning The Work Viewing logs Acronis Disk Director Server allows users to view its working logs. They provide information about partition operations, including reasons for failure, if any. To invoke the log window, select Show log on the toolbar or from the Tools menu.

  • Page 21: Chapter 4. Automatic Partition Operations

    It will ask you to select how to create a new partition: using disk unallocated space. using existing partitions free space Unallocated space is the space not used by any existing partitions. In contrast, partition free space is the space free from any data. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 22 Create a new partition. You can do this in the «Manual partition operations» mode. On the Partition Size wizard page, set the partition size. New partition size window Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 23 EXT2, EXT3, ReiserFS, Swap — or to leave the partition Unformatted. More details about the properties of main file systems, the operating systems, and disks are provided in the A.9 «File System Main Specifications» appendix. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 24 At startup, an operating system assigns letters (C:, D:,…) to partitions. These letters are used by applications and the operating system to locate files on partitions. For example, C:\Program Files\Acronis\Disk Director\DiskDirector.exe. See also Appendix B «Glossary» — «Letter (of a drive, partition)».
  • Page 25 BIOS. All these operating systems enable you to change initially assigned letters. Partition create, delete and move operations do not affect letters assigned to other partitions. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 26 Created partition in the disk partition structure Clicking Finish on this page will make Acronis Disk Director Server create a pending operation for new partition creation, (your actions may only modify an existing operation. See 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window.
  • Page 27 This means that if these partitions have free space, their size can be reduced. As a result, the freed space will be automatically considered as unallocated (not used by any partitions). A new partition can be created in this space. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 28 The window of existing partition selection to create a new partition By creating a partition using the free space of other partitions, Acronis Disk Director Server can collect it in such a way that the final partition size is not smaller than 110% of data-occupied space.
  • Page 29 Further actions for partition creation are the same as described in 4.1 «Creating A New Partition» section. Clicking Finish on the last wizard page allows Acronis Disk Director Server to create a pending operation list for new partition creation (these actions may only modify an existing operation.

  • Page 30: Increasing Partition Free Space

    Automatic Partition Operations Click Finish on the last wizard page to allow Acronis Disk Director Server to create a pending operation list for new partition creation (these actions may only modify an existing operation. See 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). Increasing Partition Free Space...
  • Page 31 Selecting a partition to use to increase free space On the next wizard page, you will see the maximum size available for the selected partition. You must select the size yourself. Entering the size to increase partition free space Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 32: Copying Partitions

    In the last Preview wizard window, you will see a graphical representation of the new partition structure, including the resized partition. Clicking Finish on the last wizard page will allow Acronis Disk Director Server to create the pending operation list for partition resizing (your actions may only modify an existing operation.
  • Page 33 You will have to select a copy location on one of the disks, among existing partitions. To make your selection, click before or after a partition to mark where you want to locate the copy. In this example, the copy will be located before the PROGRAM(H:) partition in the figure below. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 34 The selected disk might lack space for a copy. Nevertheless, you can copy a partition by selecting another partition whose space will be partly used. This can be done in the Select Partitions window. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 35 If there is not enough space, the partition will not be copied! On the next Partition Size wizard page, you can provide a desired size. The wizard will automatically determine the minimum and maximum copy size. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 36 4.1 «Creating A New Partition». Clicking Finish on the last wizard page will allow Acronis Disk Director Server to create the pending operation list for copying a partition (your actions may only modify an existing operation.

  • Page 37: Chapter 5. Manual Partition Operations

    If you need to create a disk partition: Select hard disk and unallocated space in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. The Create partition button will become available on the toolbar, and the Create Partition operation on the sidebar and in the context menu.
  • Page 38 Created partition parameters window By clicking OK, you'll add the pending operation of new partition creation. The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Creating a partition in unallocated disk space in Windows 98/Me can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions.
  • Page 39 Copy the selected partition to another free space on the toolbar. Acronis Disk Director Server will automatically compare the size of a copied partition and disk free space as shown in the Copy Partition window. Free space available for copying Note that the unallocated space is smaller than copied partition size, but its data area is smaller than unallocated space.
  • Page 40 (your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation; see 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Copying a partition in Windows 98/Me and assigning it a letter can change the order of letters assigned to other partitions.
  • Page 41 Move or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list or click Move the selected partition to another free space on the toolbar. Acronis Disk Director Server will automatically compare moved partition size and available free space, indicating it in the Move Partition window. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 42 On the next wizard page, select the type of moved partition (Logical — Primary), size and location. Changing partition type is not as necessary here as with partition copying (see 5.1.2 «Copying a partition to unallocated disk space»). Nevertheless, Acronis Disk Director Server gives you this added flexibility. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 43 Resizing and/or moving a partition You may find that there is not enough free space on a certain partition. For example, maybe it is almost filled with MP3 files. Acronis Disk Director Server lets you enlarge a partition easily. Reasons for moving a partition were discussed above (see 5.1.3 «Moving a partition to unallocated disk space»).
  • Page 44 (your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation; see 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 45 Manual Partition Operations Acronis Disk Director Server features a wizard for performing more complex partition resizing (see 4.2 «Increasing Partition»). Simple partition resizing lets you increase partition size only if there is free (unallocated) space before or after a partition. The wizard lets you perform more complex operations such as increasing partition free space at the expense of other partitions.
  • Page 46 Thus, if you divide free space in equal parts, it does not mean that the two resulting partitions will be equal in size. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 47 By clicking Proceed, you'll add a pending operation (your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation; see 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. 5.1.6 Merging partitions You can merge two partitions, even if their file systems are different.
  • Page 48 Edit. To illustrate why it may be necessary, imagine that your operating system failed to boot. You can run Acronis Disk Director Server from Acronis OS Selector main window (if the program is not installed, start it from bootable disk), and change some critical files contents.
  • Page 49 By clicking OK in the Partition Label window, you'll add the pending operation of partition label changing (your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation; see 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). The new label will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. 5.1.9 Formatting a partition Acronis Disk Director Server lets you logically format a partition.
  • Page 50 Enter the partition label in the Format Partition window. Format Partition window Select a file system to be created on a partition after formatting. Acronis Disk Director Server supports the following file systems (see A.9 «File System Main Specifications»): FAT16/FAT32, NTFS — Windows file systems •...
  • Page 51 Wiping unallocated disk space means multiple writing of special data to hard disk sectors. Acronis Disk Director Server features a rather simple wiping algorithm. During each pass, a symbol sequence or logical zeroes (0x00) or ones (0xFF) is written to unallocated space sectors.
  • Page 52 New Partition». 5.1.11 Checking hard disk partitions for errors Acronis Disk Director Server enables you to check hard disk partitions for file system errors. Hard disk partitions should be checked before any partition operations (see 2.7 «Before You Run ».
  • Page 53 Windows NT 4.0 and earlier Windows operating systems, it is recommended that you install a third-party disk defragmenter tool. If you need to defragment a hard disk partition: Select a hard disk and partition to defragment in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Select Disk Defragment or a similar item in the Operations sidebar list, or click Defragment the selected partition on the toolbar.
  • Page 54 Windows tools do not guarantee data destruction. Deleted files can be restored easily. Formatting and even deleting a partition leaves hard disk sector contents the same. Acronis Disk Director Server offers a simple but reliable algorithm for wiping hard disk unallocated space.
  • Page 55 If you need to clear the entire hard disk: Select a hard disk on the Tree View panel of Acronis Disk Director Server — Clear the current hard disk drive button becomes available on the toolbar (if there is no Tree View panel in the main window, show it by selecting View Tree View).

  • Page 56: Additional Partition Operations

    Therefore, if you need to destroy confidential information, set the switch to Delete partitions and destroy data! For information about the Acronis Disk Director Server data wiping algorithm see the commentary for 5.1.10 «Deleting a partition».
  • Page 57 (your actions may only undo or modify already existing operation; see 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). The new partition structure will be graphically represented in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Only Windows NT/2000/XP lets you change letters assigned to partitions. Windows 98/Me assigns letters to partitions automatically.
  • Page 58 If you replace a small-capacity hard disk with a high-capacity hard disk If you need to convert a FAT16 partition to FAT32: Select the disk and FAT16 partition to convert to FAT32 from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window.
  • Page 59 Manual Partition Operations Select a disk and a partition to hide in the list in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Execute operation of partition hiding by selecting Disk Hide or a Advanced similar item in the Advanced sidebar list, or by clicking...
  • Page 60 A disk can have only one active partition. If you need to set an active partition: Select a primary partition to set to active from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window.
  • Page 61 Acronis Disk Director Server lets you change the root size of existing partitions. If you need to resize a FAT16 partition root: Select a disk and FAT16 partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Select Disk...
  • Page 62 However, reducing FAT32 partition cluster size might increase the space occupied by the file allocation table (FAT) and slow down file access. If you need to change cluster size: Select a disk and partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Select Disk...
  • Page 63 OS, it must be assigned a corresponding type. If you need to change partition type: Select a disk and partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Select Disk...
  • Page 64 If you need to resize an i-node table of an existing Linux Ext2/Ext3 partition: Select a disk and Linux Ext2/Ext3 partition from the list in the Acronis Disk Director Server main window. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 65 By clicking OK in the Change bytes per i-node window, you'll add the pending operation of Linux Ext2/Ext3 partition i-node resizing (your actions may only undo or modify an existing operation, See 3.4.5 «Modifying pending operations»). Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 66: Chapter 6. Working In The Command-Line Mode

    Working in the command-line mode Chapter 6. Working in the command-line mode Acronis Disk Director Server supports the command-line mode for most important partition operations with diskdirectorcmd.exe utility. Using command-line mode you can: • Create partition • Delete partition •...

  • Page 67: Diskdirectorcmd.exe Usage Examples

    This will create a logical FAT16-formatted partition labeled NEW on the first hard drive. This partition will be took 20 000 physical sectors starting with sector number 12000. 2. Delete a partition diskdirectorcmd /delete_partition /partition:1-4 This will delete a fourth-partition from the first hard drive. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 68: Chapter 7. Working With Acronis Recovery Expert

    It uses a wizard interface. You can run Acronis Recovery Expert in the following ways. While working with Acronis Disk Director Server in the Automatic mode: Using Recover Partition item in the wizards section of the Acronis Disk Director • Server main window sidebar Using the respective main menu item •...

  • Page 69: Automatic Recovery

    Working with Acronis Recovery Expert Acronis Recovery Expert checks to see if your hard disks contain unallocated space. If you have none, then it makes no sense to search for deleted partitions. If you have unallocated space, it may have contained one or more partitions. Acronis Recovery Expert will search unallocated space thoroughly –...
  • Page 70 – called the partition table. This sector is called a boot sector or the master boot record (MBR). Acronis Recovery Expert not only checks the partition table for deleted partitions, but also scans the entire disk surface. Therefore the recovery process might take some time to complete.
  • Page 71 Working with Acronis Recovery Expert A deleted partition found Note that you do not have to select partitions for recovery in the automatic mode. Acronis Recovery Expert will recover partitions found. The Recovered Partitions window shows a partition to recover as a part of hard disk partition structure, marking it with an icon in the upper right corner of its rectangle.

  • Page 72: Manual Recovery

    Working with Acronis Recovery Expert If you exit Acronis Disk Director Server without confirming the partition recovery operation, it will be canceled. Manual Recovery Set the switch to Manual in the Recovery mode window to select the manual recovery mode.
  • Page 73 The Searching for Deleted Partitions window shows you parameters of a partition that existed on the selected unallocated space before it was deleted. A deleted hard disk partition found by Acronis Recovery Expert Unlike in the automatic recovery mode, you do not have to wait until the search for deleted hard disk partitions is finished in the manual mode.
  • Page 74 This finishes partition recovery preparations. To complete this operation, select Commit in the Operations section of the Main menu. If you exit Acronis Disk Director Server without confirming a partition recovery operation, it will be canceled. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 75: Chapter 8. Working With Acronis Disk Editor

    Editor General information Acronis Disk Editor is a professional-grade program that performs a variety of actions on a hard disk: restore boot records and files and folder structure, find lost clusters, remove computer virus code from a disk and much more.

  • Page 76: Main Window Of The Program

    Working with Acronis Disk Editor Main Window of the Program The main window shows the numbers of disk and sector where the internal program cursor is positioned. It usually contains information about the work of various modes. Below the main window of the program is the view as partition table mode.

  • Page 77: Edit Hard Disks

    The current editing position is shown by the cursor that can be either in the left or right part of the window In this section of the guide, all examples of Acronis Disk Editor’s main window view modes are given for demonstration purposes.

  • Page 78: Write Block To A File And Read From A File

    Working with Acronis Disk Editor see that the Save sector item in Edit menu will become enabled as well as the appropriate toolbar button. If you do not save your changes, you effectively reject them. Save sector operation If you have made changes in a hard disk sector and decide to exit the editor without saving them, you will see a warning about saving your changes.

  • Page 79: View

    Read from a file View Information in the Acronis Disk Editor window can be viewed and edited in several different modes. You can select the appropriate view mode with the help of the View menu. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 80: Search

    Working with Acronis Disk Editor View menu The editor offers seven view modes: • partition table • FAT16 boot sector • FAT32 boot sector • FAT32 FS info sector • NTFS boot sector • FAT folder • Search The Search menu allows you to search a hard disk for some line and to go to a disk sector according to its absolute offset.
  • Page 81 Working with Acronis Disk Editor The Search dialog window A search line can be set both as char and numeric (hexadecimal) values. During a search, you can ignore letter case as well as search for a given line at a given offset inside the sector.

  • Page 82: Working With Different Encodings

    Working with Acronis Disk Editor Working with Different Encodings The main window of the program features a list of encodings available in Acronis Disk Editor. This list is shown closed and dropped down below. The closed and dropped-down list of encodings The list of encodings is intended for correct interpretation of hard disk sector contents.

  • Page 83: Chapter 9. Bootable Media Builder

    Acronis Disk Director Server on a non-Windows system, for example, a • Linux-based PC if you do not often use Acronis Disk Director Server and therefore do not want to • install it on the computer Acronis Disk Director Server has a standalone bootable version that can run from CD or other removable media without booting an operating system.
  • Page 84 Doesn’t include USB, PC Card, or SCSI drivers. Recommended for use in case of problems with running Full version. To find more about components of other Acronis products, see the respective user guides. 3. Select the type of bootable media (CD-R/RW or 3.5” diskettes) to create. If your BIOS has this feature, you can create other bootable media such as removable USB flash drives.
  • Page 85 PXE server, specify the server and provide the user name and password to access 5. Next, the program will calculate how many blank disks are required (in case you have not chosen ISO or PXE) and give you time to prepare them. When you are finished, click Proceed. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 86: Chapter 7. Hard Disk And File Systems

    This process generally takes place when the drive is manufactured. Modern disk drives usually contain relatively few magnetic disks (1–2) to make the head block lighter and speed up access to sectors (a drive like this has 2–4 heads respectively). Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 87: Hard Disk Partition

    Partitioning provides more effective hard disk maintenance. In particular, more • effective data integrity control, file defragmentation and data backup. Partition Types There are three main partition types: Primary • Extended • Logical • Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 88 After the installation of Windows XP, you can invoke the Control Panel, whose disk management tools will let you delete and create partitions (primary, extended, logical) using free (unallocated) disk space, or format a partition. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 89: Primary Partitions

    You cannot, however, change partition structure by means of the Windows operating system. To do this, you will need software such as Acronis Disk Director Server. It lets you resize, move, hide partitions, set them as active, copy and perform other operations without losing any data or causing any OS and application workability problems.

  • Page 90: Formatting Hard Disks

    At present, the most widely used file systems for PCs are the following two: FAT16/FAT32 (file allocation table) for DOS, OS/2 and • Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP; NTFS (Windows NT file system) for Windows NT/2000/XP. • Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 91: File System Main Specifications

    A.9.1 File system specification summary Below is a summary of the most popular file systems. Each system is briefly discussed. This information can help you work with Acronis Disk Director Server. Table 1. Windows file systems. File system FAT16...
  • Page 92 Tbytes= 1024 Tbytes, 1 Ebyte = 2 Pbytes= 1024 Pbytes. A.9.2 FAT16 The FAT16 file system is widely used by DOS (DR-DOS, MS-DOS, PC-DOS, etc.), Windows 95/98/Me, Windows NT/2000/XP operating systems and is supported by most other systems. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 93 Initially, FAT16 had limitations to file names that could only be eight characters long, plus a dot, plus three characters of name extension. However, long name support in Windows 95 and Windows NT bypasses this limitation. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 94 32- and 64-bit architectures. A.9.6 Linux ReiserFS ReiserFS was officially introduced to Linux in 2001. ReiserFS overcomes many Ext2 disadvantages. It is a 64-bit journaling file system that dynamically allocates space for data substructures. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

  • Page 95: Appendix B. Glossary

    Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 96 Head (magnetic head, read/write head). A hard disk consists of several magnetic platters; for each side of each platter, there is a head that is used to read and write information on Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 97 Partition structure. All the partitions on a hard disk make a tree with the root in the MBR partition table. Many operating systems and programs assume that any partition table but Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...
  • Page 98 User interface is a set of principles, concepts and means by which programs interact with the user. For example, in window interface all input and output is done in windows, and the mouse is utilized quite often. Copyright © Acronis, Inc., 2000–2005...

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