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Decagon Devices KD2 User Manual

Thermal properties analyzer
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KD2
Thermal Properties
Analyzer
User' s Manual
version 1.0
Decagon Devices, Inc.

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Summary of Contents for Decagon Devices KD2

  • Page 1 Thermal Properties Analyzer User’ s Manual version 1.0 Decagon Devices, Inc.
  • Page 2 UMS GmbH Gmunderstr. 37 D-81379 München Tel. +49 (0) 89-12 66 52-0 Fax: +49 (0) 89-12 66 52-20 ums@ums-muc.de www.ums-muc.de ©2001 Decagon Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Decagon Devices, Inc. 950 NE Nelson Court P.O. Box 835 Pullman WA 99163...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    1. Introduction ....1 About the KD2 ....1 KD2 Specifications .
  • Page 4 KD2 User’s Guide Table of Contents...

  • Page 5: Introduction

    About the KD2 The KD2 is a compact, portable meter used to measure thermal properties. It consists of a hand-held readout and a single-needle sensor that can be inserted into the medium you wish to measure.

  • Page 6: Kd2 Specifications

    Needle length: 60mm • Needle diameter: 0.9mm • Cable length: 72cm Contact Information If you need to contact Decagon for customer support or any other questions, you can reach us by any of the following: • Email us at kd2@decagon.com...

  • Page 7: Warranty Information

    Send us a fax at: (509) 332-5158 • Call us at: 1-800-755-2751 (US and Can- ada only) or 509-332-2756. Warranty Information The KD2 has a 30-day satisfaction guarantee and a one-year warranty. Seller’s Liability Seller warrants new equipment of its own manufacture against defective workmanship...
  • Page 8 KD2 User’s Guide Introduction not without limitation, loss of anticipated profits), occasioned by or arising out of the installation, operation, use, misuse, nonuse, repair, or replacement of said material and equipment, or out of the use of any method or process for which the same may be employed.

  • Page 9: Operation

    2. Operation 2. Operation 2. Operation 2. Operation The KD2 is designed to be a simple, easy to use instrument that will allow you to make quick and accurate thermal properties mea- surements. Following are some instructions on how the instrument functions.

  • Page 10: Taking Measurements

    KD2 User’s Guide Operation Taking Measurements The KD2 measures thermal conductivity, resistivity, and diffusivity at the same time from one measurement, but can only display one reading at a time after the measurement is made. The right (II) button is used to tog- gle through the calculated readings after the measurement has been made.
  • Page 11 KD2 User’s Guide Operation KD2 probe and sample in an isothermal chamber or styrofoam box. How to Start the Measurement Once the instrument is on, do the following: Carefully insert the probe into your medium. Press the left button to begin the mea- surement process.
  • Page 12 KD2 User’s Guide Operation Note!: Make sure to watch the tempera- ture during the equilibration stage to make sure it doesn’t drastically fluctuate or rapidly change. If the temperature is still rapidly changing, pull the probe out of the sample and wait until the sample temperature is stable before measuring again.
  • Page 13 KD2 User’s Guide Operation played along with the sample tempera- ture: -1 -1 -1 -1 Wm m 2 3.0 “finished” icon Thermal Conductivity To display the measurement in terms of ther- mal conductivity, press the right (II) button until the thermal conductivity is displayed in...
  • Page 14 2 0.0 If the value shown for thermal resistivity is 9.99, this indicates that your sample is out of range for the KD2 to measure. Thermal Diffusivity To display the measurement in terms of ther- mal diffusivity, press the right (II) button until...

  • Page 15: How The Kd2 Takes Measurements

    (square millimeters per second): 2 0.0 Turning it off The KD2 will shut off automatically after 5 minutes of inactivity. To turn it back on, press the left (I) button once. How the KD2 takes measurements The KD2’s sensor needle contains both a...
  • Page 16 KD2 User’s Guide Operation probe that has an accurately known resis- tance. The microprocessor calculates the amount of power supplied to the heater. The probe’s thermistor measures the changing temperature for 30 seconds while the micro- processor stores the data. At the end of the...

  • Page 17: Care And Maintenance

    KD2 probe. Cleaning The KD2’s controller is stainless steel. If it needs cleaning, do so with a damp cloth. Do not immerse it in water. Clean the LCD readout with a soft, damp cloth moistened with water or a glass cleanser.
  • Page 18 KD2 User’s Guide Care and Maintenance battery indication does not necessarily mean the battery needs replacing): -1 -1 -1 -1 Wm m 2 0.0 If this screen appears continually, do the fol- lowing to replace the battery: Unscrew the small screw on the back of the KD2 case.

  • Page 19: Caring For The Probe

    Caring for the Probe The KD2 sensor contains a heater and ther- mistor that are essential for the function of the instrument. Care should be taken to prevent bending the probe.

  • Page 20: Theory

    4. 4. 4. 4. Theory Theory Theory Theory KD2 calculates its values for thermal conduc- tivity (K), resistivity (R), and diffusivity (D) by monitoring the dissipation of heat from a line heat source given a known voltage. The equation for radial heat conduction in a homogeneous, isotropic medium is given by ...
  • Page 21 KD2 User’s Guide Theory    −          − πλ κ     where q is the heat produced per unit length ), λ per unit time (W m...
  • Page 22 KD2 User’s Guide Theory Eq. (4), that ∆ T and ln(t) are linearly related with a slope m = (q/4 πλ ). Linearly regress- ing ∆ T on ln(t) yields a slope that, after rear- ranging, gives the thermal conductivity as λ...
  • Page 23 KD2 User’s Guide Theory large enough to ignore the higher order terms, Eq. (5) and (6) give correct values for λ and κ. To verify these relationships, realis- tic values of λ and κ were supplied to Eq. (2), varying both λ...
  • Page 24 KD2 User’s Guide Theory Figure 2: calculated κ vs. theoretical κ The experimental analysis differs from the theoretical shown in Eq. (2) in that the heater and sensor have their own conductivity and diffusivity, which, in general, differ from those of the medium being measured. We have shown experimentally that the relation- ships in Eq.
  • Page 25 KD2 User’s Guide Theory Assumptions: The thermal conductivity measurement assumes several things: the long heat source can be treated as a infinitely long heat source, the medium is both homo- geneous and isotropic, and a uniform initial temperature, T . Although these assumptions...

  • Page 26: Declaration Of Conformity

    Type of Equipment: Thermal Properties Meter Model Number: Year of First Manufacture: 2001 This is to certify that the KD2 Thermal Prop- erties Meter, manufactured by Decagon Devices, Inc., a corporation based in Pullman, WA, USA meets or exceeds the standards for CE compliance as per the Council Directives noted above.
  • Page 27 KD2 User’s Guide Index Index accuracy 2 battery replacing 13 type 13 compliance 22 cleaning 13 contact information 2 D (diffusivity) 16 email 2...
  • Page 28 KD2 User’s Guide Index fax number 2 K (thermal conductivity) 16 overview 1 specifications 2 low battery indicator 13 maintenance 13 measurement method 11 measurement range 2 off(turning off) 11 on(turning on) 5 operation...
  • Page 29 KD2 User’s Guide Index on 5 probe maintenance 15 specifications 2 R (thermal resistivity) 16 range 2 seller’s liability 3 specifications 2 telephone number 2 temperature equilibrium 6 theory 16 assumptions 21 thermal conductivity calculation 18...

  • Page 30: Warranty

    KD2 User’s Guide Index thermal diffusivity calculation 18 units 11 thermal resistivity computed 12 units 10 units thermal diffusivity 11 thermal resistivity 10 warranty 3...

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