Related Manuals for PreSens FIBOX 3
Summary of Contents for PreSens FIBOX 3
- Page 1 PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH Instruction Manual FIBOX 3 Fiber-optic oxygen meter...
- Page 2 PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH PreSens GmbH Josef-Engert-Str. 11 D – 93053 Regensburg Germany Instruction Manual Fibox 3 Software Version 5.32 March 2006 Specification of Fibox 3: PC-controlled one-channel fiber-optic oxygen meter for oxygen minisensors; excitation wavelength of 505 nm; polymer optical fibers (POF) of 2 mm diameter connected by SMA fiber connectors.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
OxyFinger Chemo-Optical DO Probe for Mini-Fermenters (OFG-PSt3)........18 5.2.7 Oxygen Exchange Window (OEW-xx)..................19 Software ........................21 Software Installation and Starting the Instrument................. 21 Function and Description of the Fibox 3 Program ................ 22 6.2.1 Menu Bar ..........................23 6.2.2 Control Bar..........................27 6.2.3... - Page 4 Table of Contents Measurement ......................56 Measurement with Dipping Probe (DP-PSt3) ................. 56 Measurement with a Flow-Through Cell (FTC-PSt3) ..............56 Measurement with Oxygen-Sensitive Foils (SP-PSt3)..............57 Some Advice for Correct Measurement..................58 8.4.1 Signal drifts due to oxygen gradients ..................58 8.4.2 Signal drifts due to temperature gradients ................
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Page 5: Preface
Preface Congratulations! You have chosen a new innovative technology for measuring oxygen! The Fibox 3 is a compact, easy to transport and completely PC-controlled fiber-optic oxygen meter. The data evaluation is PC-supported as well. The Fibox 3 was specially developed for small fiber- optic oxygen sensors, flow-trough cells and integrated sensor systems. -
Page 6: Safety Guidelines
• has been damaged in transport If you are in doubt, the instrument should be sent back to the manufacturer PreSens for repair and maintenance. The operator of this measuring instrument must ensure that the following laws and guidelines are observed when using dangerous substances: •... - Page 7 Keep the Fibox 3 and the equipment such as PT 100 temperature sensor, power supply and optical sensors out of the reach of children!
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Page 8: Description Of The Fibox 3 Device
8 channels The Fibox 3 oxygen meter contains a dual 12 bit analog output and an external trigger input. The analog output values can be programmed with the PC software (included). The user can choose between oxygen, temperature, amplitude or phase for each channel independently. - Page 9 Required Basic Equipment Front Panel of the Fibox 3 device Temp ELEMENT DESCRIPTION FUNCTION ON/OFF switch Switches the device ON and OFF SMA fiber connector Connect the fiber-optic oxygen minisensor here. red: instrument off Control green: instrument on orange: stand by...
- Page 10 Required Basic Equipment Rear Panel of the Fibox 3 device Fibox 3 has two standard BNC connectors (A1, A2) for analog output channels 1 and 2, and another one (T1) for external trigger input (see figure below). The electrical specifications of all rear panel connectors are given in the technical specification sheet. Please read also the technical notes to avoid mistakes.
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Page 11: Required Basic Equipment
Required Basic Equipment Required Basic Equipment • Oxygen meter Fibox 3* • Software for Fibox 3* • PC / Notebook (System requirements: Windows 95/98/2000/XP//Millenium/NT 4.0; Pentium processor, at least 133 MHz, 16 MB RAM) • RS 232 Cable * •... -
Page 12: Planar Oxygen Minisensors
Resolution and accuracy The PreSens Fibox 3 has a phase resolution of smaller than 0.05°. Since the oxygen calibration plot displays a non-linear behavior, the oxygen resolution is given for four different partial pressures at 20 °C, the accuracy for two different partial... -
Page 13: Cross Sensitivity
Temperature PreSens oxygen sensors can be used in the temperature range of -10 to 50 °C. PreSens offers a PT 1000 temperature sensor in combination with the Fibox 3 to record temperature variations which are compensated using the Fibox 3 software (see Chapter 7, Calibration and Chapter 8, Measurement). - Page 14 Optical isolated sensor tips of oxygen sensors enable measurement in photosynthetically active samples, since stimulation of photosynthesis due to emission of blue-green light from the fiber tip is avoided. PreSens offers additional optical isolation for all types of oxygen sensors. Sensor Stability The oxygen-sensitive membrane stands gamma-sterilization, sterilization by ethylene oxide, steam autoclavation (140 °C,...
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Page 15: Housings Of Oxygen-Sensitive Minisensors
Planar Oxygen Minisensor Housings of Oxygen-Sensitive Minisensors PreSens fiber-optic oxygen sensors are based on 2 mm polymer optical fibers (POF). Depending on the respective application, PreSens offers a set of different standard designs. Planar oxygen-sensitive sensor foils Flow-through cell design connected to... -
Page 16: Planar Oxygen-Sensitive Foils (Sp-Pst3)
Planar Oxygen Minisensor 5.2.1 Planar Oxygen-Sensitive Foils (SP-PSt3) Planar oxygen sensors SP-PSt3 immobilized onto different supports (polyester, glass) are available for customer- specific applications. Sensors based on a polyester support can be easily cut into small pieces using a razor blade. - Page 17 Planar Oxygen Minisensor A polymer optical fiber is used as a light guide between the Fibox oxygen meter and a sensor foil (SP-PSt3) which was glued inside a glass vial to read out the analyte concentration non-invasively and non-destructively from outside through the transparent wall of the flask.
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Page 18: Flow-Through Cell With Integrated Planar Oxygen Sensor (Ftc-Pst3)
Planar Oxygen Minisensor 5.2.2 Flow-Through Cell with Integrated Planar Oxygen Sensor (FTC-PSt3) The flow-through oxygen minisensor (FTC-PSt3) is a miniaturized fiber-optic chemical sensor integrated in a T-shape flow-through cell. The flow-through cell is connected to the Fibox oxygen meter by a polymer optical fiber with 2 mm diameter as a light guide. -
Page 19: Oxygen Dipping Probe (Dp-Pst3)
Planar Oxygen Minisensor 5.2.3 Oxygen Dipping Probe (DP-PSt3) This oxygen sensor consists of a polymer optical fiber with a polished distal tip which is coated with a planar oxygen-sensitive foil. The end of the polymer optical fiber is covered with a high-grade steel tube, to protect both the sensor material and the POF. -
Page 20: Oxygen Probe For Inline Measurements In Fermenters (Oim)
Planar Oxygen Minisensor 5.2.4 Oxygen Probe for Inline Measurements in Fermenters (OIM) OIM consists of a fitting made from stainless steel. The oxygen sensor is integrated in the top of the metal fitting (as shown below). The metal fitting is connected to the instrument via a polymer optical fiber. The standard fiber cable length is 2.5 m. OIM is available in different sizes (12 mm, 25 mm) and standard OIM fits to B. -
Page 21: Oim Exchange Cap (Oec-Pst3)
Planar Oxygen Minisensor 5.2.5 OIM Exchange Cap (OEC-PSt3) Applications: The OIM Exchange Cap (OEC) is the sensitive coating in a metal cap. It is used to replace the old sensitive coating and has outstanding properties: • The PSt3-coated OEC can be used after autoclavation without recalibration •... -
Page 22: Oxyfinger Chemo-Optical Do Probe For Mini-Fermenters (Ofg-Pst3)
OxyFinger will be manufactured following your specifications. Please specify both length and diameter of the glass finger and the size of the vessel closure. Please contact our service team directly at ‘info@presens.de’. The OxyFinger Chemo-Optical DO Probe for Mini-Fermenters has outstanding properties: •... -
Page 23: Oxygen Exchange Window (Oew-Xx)
Planar Oxygen Minisensor 5.2.7 Oxygen Exchange Window (OEW-xx) Applications: The Oxygen Exchange Window (OEW) is an oxygen-sensitive coated glass substrate with outstanding properties. It is used to replace the old sensitive coating in the OIM Exchange Cap (OEC) or to integrate in customized steel fittings. •... - Page 24 Planar Oxygen Minisensor Coaster for Shaking Flasks and Spinner Flasks (CSF) Application: Online control of oxygen in shaking flasks and spinner flasks. System set-up for online DO measurement in shaking flasks Specifications: The coaster for shaking flasks and Spinner flasks is a tool for online monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration in shaking flasks.
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Page 25: Software
C:\Fibox3\PST3v532.exe). Additionally, you may create a link (Icon) on your desktop. Connect the Fibox 3 via the supplied serial cable to a serial port of your computer. Tighten the cable with the screws on your computer and on the Fibox 3. -
Page 26: Function And Description Of The Fibox 3 Program
Software Function and Description of the Fibox 3 Program The window shown below is displayed after starting the Fibox 3 software: The program has 4 main sections: Menu bar Graphical window Status bar Control bar, divided into numerical display, control buttons and warning lights... -
Page 27: Menu Bar
Software 6.2.1 Menu Bar The menu bar consists of 5 main parts. Some of them are divided into subwindows. File Charts Display Print Settings Exit Oxygen Zoom Charts Com Port AutoScaleY1 Undo Zoom Phase Instrument Info Amplitude Clear Charts analog settings Temperature Dimensions LED Intensity... - Page 28 Instrument Info: Here you can find the version of the software and some important settings of the instrument. If you have a problem with the Fibox 3 oxygen meter, please contact our service team and have the software and instrument information ready.
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Page 29: Led-Intensity
With the current of the LED you can adjust the amount of light illuminating the sensor spot. You can choose between an ‘Auto Adjust’ of the LED where the Fibox 3 adjusts the optimal LED current itself, or you can select ‘Advanced’ where you can adjust the LED current yourself. -
Page 30: Analogue Output
Fibox 3 device has two analog outputs and one trigger input. The desired data sources (oxygen, temperature, amplitude, phase) can be chosen via the dialog box. Equivalence coefficient oxygen 1 : 0.1 (e.g. 973 mV = 97.3 % air saturation) temperature 1 : 0.1 (e.g. - Page 31 Software Please note: If you have adjusted the desired settings of the analog outputs and want to connect the instrument to a datalogger please close the software to store the settings before you disconnect the Fibox 3 from the computer.
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Page 32: Control Bar
Software 6.2.2 Control Bar Numerical display The actual oxygen content in the chosen unit (here % air-saturation) is displayed in the oxygen window. The oxygen unit can be changed by clicking the pull down menu. Tables and formulas for the calculation of different concentration scales are given in the appendix. - Page 33 Software If you want to measure with the last sensor calibration - you can find the ‘date of the last calibration‘ in the window - click the ‘Continue‘ button. To obtain reliable results we strongly recommend to perform a sensor calibration before measurement by clicking the ‘New calibration’...
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Page 34: Logging Setup
If you want to measure with temperature compensation, click the ’on’ button. Please ensure that the temperature sensor PT 1000 is connected to the Fibox 3 before you click the ‘Start’ button to continue. The window where you can enter the temperature manually is disabled. - Page 35 Software You can enter a measurement description in the text field ‘File description’ which is stored in the ASCII File. To start the measurement, click the ‘Start’ button. In the Information windows ’Sampling Rate’ you can find the adjusted sampling rate. To be sure whether you perform a measurement with or without logging the data, the ‘Logging Status’...
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Page 36: Graphical Window
6.2.4 Status Bar sw1: Displays the serial port which is used for communication of the Fibox 3 device with the PC sw2: Displays the file name in which the measurement data are stored. „No storage file selected“ is displayed if no file was selected (no data storage). -
Page 37: Subsequent Data Handling
The ‘software info’ below contains the version number of the Fibox 3 software, date and time of the performed measurement. If there is a problem with the Fibox 3 oxygen meter, please contact our service team and have the software and instrument information ready. -
Page 38: Calibration
Calibration Calibration This chapter describes the calibration of oxygen minisensors containing a PSt3 oxygen-sensitive coating (measuring range 0 – 250 % air-saturation). To calibrate sensors containing a PSt3 coating you have to use the software PST3v532.exe. For any question, please contact our service team. Calibration of Oxygen Dipping Probe (DP-PSt3) 7.1.1 Preparation of the Calibration Standards Calibration of oxygen minisensors is performed using a conventional two-point calibration in oxygen-free water... -
Page 39: Mounting The Oxygen-Sensitive Minisensors
Fix the oxygen sensor with a clip to a laboratory support or a similar stable construction. Remove the protective cap from the male fiber plug and connect it to the SMA plug of the Fibox 3 device. The safety nut must be carefully attached while turning slightly clockwise. - Page 40 Calibration Place the calibration standard 100 (cal 100), containing wet cotton wool, underneath the oxygen minisensor. The vessel with the label "cal 100" has to be closed with the screw top containing the two holes. Insert the plastic fiber carefully through one of the holes without touching the oxygen-sensitive spot until it is about 3 cm deep inside the vessel.
- Page 41 Calibration A message window opens and informs you that you will overwrite the existing calibration values. Click the ‘Continue‘ button to store the new calibration data. To record the second calibration value, oxygen-free water (cal 0), place the vessel with the label "cal 0" underneath the oxygen minisensor.
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Page 42: Calibration With Automatic Temperature Compensation
To perform temperature-compensated measurement, connect the temperature sensor PT 1000 to the 4-pin connector at the front of the Fibox 3. Fix the temperature sensor and make sure that neither the temperature sensor nor its cable can touch the minisensor. - Page 43 Calibration Place the calibration standard 100 (cal 100), containing wet cotton wool, underneath the oxygen minisensor. The vessel with the label "cal 100" has to be closed with the screw top containing the two holes. Insert the plastic fiber carefully through one of the holes without touching the oxygen-sensitive spot until it is about 3 cm deep inside the vessel.
- Page 44 Calibration A message window opens and informs you that you will overwrite the existing calibration values. Click the ‘Continue‘ button to store the new calibration data. 10. Now, calibration with temperature compensation is complete. Confirm the calibration values by clicking the ‘Finish’...
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Page 45: Manual Calibration
Connect the Fibox 3 via the RS232 cable to your computer. Switch on the Fibox 3 oxygen meter. Start the Fibox 3 software on your computer and click the Calibration menu item. Select the calibration routine ‘calibrate manually’ by clicking the manual button. -
Page 46: Calibration Of Flow-Through Cell Ftc-Pst3
Calibration Calibration of Flow-Through Cell FTC-PSt3 7.2.1 Preparation of the Calibration Standards Calibration of the minisensors is performed using a conventional two-point calibration in oxygen-free water (cal 0) and air-saturated water (cal 100). Preparation of calibration solution 0 (oxygen-free water): ) to a vessel and label it cal 0. -
Page 47: Calibration Without Automatic Temperature Compensation
Connect the two male Luer-Lock connectors with the tubings of your flow-through system. Remove the protective cap from the male fiber plug and connect it to the SMA plug of the Fibox 3 device. The safety nut must be carefully attached while turning slightly clockwise. - Page 48 Calibration µmol/L), but the oxygen units % air-saturation and % oxygen-saturation have to be corrected for air pressure changes. Connect one plastic tubing with a syringe, the other dip into the vessel containing the calibration solution 100, cal 100. Fill the syringe slowly with calibration solution 100. Please ensure that there are no air-bubbles located in the glass tube of the flow-through cell.
- Page 49 Calibration Wait about 3 minutes until the phase angle is constant (the variation of the phase angle should be smaller than ± 0.05°) and press the ’Store current value’ button to store the 100% air-sat. value at the adjusted temperature. Afterwards, press the calibration solution into the waste. A message window opens and informs you that you will overwrite the existing calibration values.
- Page 50 Calibration 10. Wash the flow-through cell with distilled water to clean it from sodium sulfite. Dip the plastic tubing into a vessel containing distilled water and fill the syringe. Press the washing solution to the waste. Repeat this washing procedure 3 times.
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Page 51: Calibration With Automatic Temperature Compensation
To perform temperature-compensated measurement, connect the temperature sensor PT 1000 to the 4-pin connector at the front of the Fibox 3. Switch on the Fibox 3 and connect the sensor as shown in Chapter 7.2.2 "Mounting the Flow-Through Cell Oxygen Sensor“. - Page 52 Calibration Wait about 3 minutes until the phase angle and the temperature value are constant (the variation of the phase angle and the temperature should be smaller than ± 0.05° and 0.2 °C, respectively) and press the ‘Store current value’ button to store both the 100% air-sat. and its temperature ‘temp at 100%’. Afterwards, press the calibration solution into the waste.
- Page 53 Calibration Wait about 3 minutes until the phase angle and the temperature are constant (the variation of the phase angle and temperature should be smaller than ± 0.05° and 0.2 °C, respectively) and click the ‘Store current value’ button to store the 0% air-sat. and temp. at 0% values. Afterwards, press the calibration solution into the waste.
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Page 54: Manual Calibration
Connect the Fibox 3 via the RS232 cable to your computer. Switch on the Fibox 3 oxygen meter. Start the Fibox 3 software on your computer and click the Calibration menu item. Select the calibration routine ‘calibrate manually’ by clicking the manual button. - Page 55 Calibration Now the user-defined calibration is complete. Confirm the calibration values by clicking the Finish button. A message window opens and informs you that you will overwrite the existing calibration values. Click the ‘Continue‘ button to store the new calibration data.
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Page 56: Calibration Of Planar Oxygen-Sensitive Foils (Sp-Pst3)
Calibration Calibration of Planar Oxygen-Sensitive Foils (SP-PSt3) 7.3.1 Preparation of the Calibration Standards Calibration of the minisensors is performed using conventional two-point calibration with oxygen-free water (cal 0) and water vapor-saturated air or air-saturated water (cal 100). Preparation of calibration solution 0 (oxygen-free water): 1. -
Page 57: Mounting Planar Oxygen-Sensitive Foils
Remove the protective cap from the male fiber plugs of the delivered fiber cable and connect it to the SMA plugs of the Fibox 3 device and the holding device. The safety nut must be carefully attached while turning slightly clockwise. - Page 58 Calibration Connect the Fibox 3 via the RS232 cable to your computer. Switch on the Fibox 3 and connect the oxygen minisensor as shown in Chapter 7.3.2 "Mounting Planar Oxygen-Sensitive Foils“. Start the Fibox 3 software on your computer and click the calibration menu item.
- Page 59 Calibration A message window opens and informs you that you will overwrite the existing calibration values. Click the ‘Continue‘ button to store the new calibration data. 12. Now calibration is complete. Confirm the calibration values by clicking the ‘Finish’ button. 13.
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Page 60: Calibration With Automatic Temperature Compensation
To perform temperature-compensated measurements, connect the temperature sensor PT 1000 to the 4-pin connector on front of the Fibox 3. Fix the temperature sensor and make sure that neither the temperature sensor nor its cable can touch the oxygen minisensor. -
Page 61: Manual Calibration
Connect the Fibox 3 via the RS232 cable to your computer. Switch on the Fibox 3 oxygen meter. Start the Fibox 3 software on your computer and click the Calibration menu item. Select the calibration routine ‘calibrate manually’ by clicking the manual button. - Page 62 Calibration Enter the atmospheric pressure at which calibration was performed (not the actual one) and the respective calibration values 0 % air-sat., temp. at 0% and 100 % air-sat., temp. at 100%. Now the user-defined calibration is complete. Confirm the calibration values by clicking the Finish button. A message window opens and informs you that you will overwrite the existing calibration values.
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Page 63: Measurement
For temperature-compensated measurement, connect the temperature sensor PT 1000 to the 4-pin connector on the front panel of the Fibox 3 and carefully tighten the safety nut. Fix the temperature sensor. Calibrate the sensor according to chapter 7.1 "Calibration of Oxygen Dipping Probe. If you do not want to re- calibrate the sensor but use the calibration values of your last measurement, choose "Manual". -
Page 64: Measurement With Oxygen-Sensitive Foils (Sp-Pst3)
Remove the protective cap from the male fiber plugs of the delivered fiber cable and connect it to the SMA plugs of the Fibox 3 device and the holding device. The safety nut must be carefully attached while turning slightly clockwise. -
Page 65: Some Advice For Correct Measurement
If you measure without temperature compensation, please bear in mind, that the Fibox 3 only measures correctly if the sample temperature is constant during measurement and the temperature is the same as you typed in at the beginning of the measurement. -
Page 66: Signal Drift Due To Too Much Ambient Light
Measurement 0 % air-saturation 100 % air-saturation time [h] Photodecomposition test of PSt3, continuously illuminating the sensor membrane for 25 hours. 8.4.4 Signal drift due to too much ambient light A source of error is the detector overload due to too much ambient light. A detector overload can be recognized with the red shining warning light overload, which you can find at the right bottom of the window. -
Page 67: General Instructions
General Instructions General Instructions Warm-Up Time The warm-up time of the electronic and opto-electronic components of the Fibox 3 is 5 min. Afterwards, stable measuring values are obtained. Maintenance The instrument is maintenance-free. The housing should be cleaned only with a moist cloth. Avoid any moisture entering the housing! Never use benzine, acetone, alcohol or other organic solvents. -
Page 68: Technical Data
Technical Data Technical Data 10.1 General Data MODES PSt3 oxygen sensor range: 0 - 250 % air-saturation resolution: 1 ± 0.05 % air-saturation 30 ± 0.1 % air-saturation 100 ± 0.5 % air-saturation 250 ± 1.7 % air-saturation ± 1 % air-saturation at 100 % air-saturation accuracy: ±... - Page 69 Technical Data DIGITAL OUTPUT communication protocol serial interface RS232 19200 Baud, Databits 8, Stoppbits 1, Parity none, Handshake none instrument output: on RJ11 4/4 plug Interface cable to PC: RJ11 4/4 to DSub9: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 0 to + 50ºC Operating temperature -10 to + 65ºC Storage temperature Relative humidity:...
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Page 70: Analog Output And External Trigger
Technical Data 10.2 Analog Output and External Trigger The Fibox 3 instrument version is supplied with a dual programmable 12 bit analog output with galvanic isolation and an external trigger input. • ANALOG OUTPUT GENERAL SPECIFICATION - ANALOG OUTPUT Channels... -
Page 71: Technical Notes
10.4 Operation Notes Oxygen Measurement To achieve the highest accuracy Fibox 3 should be warmed-up for 5 min before starting the measurement. Please see the details of measurement process described in the Fibox 3 manual. Temperature Compensation No other than the supplied temperature sensor could be used with the unit. The use of any other temperature... -
Page 72: Trouble Shooting
Amplitude: red Sensor spot is removed from the Replace oxygen sensor (send the sensor plastic fiber (DP) back to PreSens for re-coating service) Sensor spot (SP) is not illuminated Check position of sensor spot and polymer sufficiently by polymer optical fiber... -
Page 73: Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks Dear customer, With this manual, we hope to provide you with an introduction to work with the Fibox 3 fiber-optic oxygen-meter. This manual does not claim to be complete. We are endeavored to improve and supplement this version. -
Page 74: Appendix
Appendix Appendix 13.1 Basics in Optical Sensing of Oxygen 13.1.1 Dynamic Quenching of Luminescence The principle of measurement is based on the effect of dynamic luminescence quenching by molecular oxygen. The following scheme explains the principle of dynamic luminescence quenching by oxygen. emission of emission of light... -
Page 75: Major Components Of Fiber-Optic Minisensors
Appendix oxygen content [%] oxygen content [%] Figure. 13.2 (A) Luminescence decrease in the presence of oxygen. (B) Stern-Volmer plot. Indicator dyes quenched by oxygen are, for example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, transition metal complexes of Ru(II), Os(II) and Rh(II), and phosphorescent porphyrins containing Pt(II) or Pd(II) as the central atom. -
Page 76: Advantages Of Optical Oxygen-Sensitive Minisensors
τ = f([O The Fibox 3 uses the phase modulation technique to evaluate the luminescence decay time of the indicators. If the luminophore is excited with light with sinusoidally modulated intensity, its decay time causes a time delay in the emitted light signal. -
Page 77: Literature
Appendix reference signal reference signal Φ Φ τ τ τ τ Φ Φ measuring measuring signal signal time [µs] time [µs] time [µs] time [µs] Figure 13.5 Schematic of the single Figure 13.6 The luminophore is excited with sinusoidally modulated exponential decay (t >... -
Page 78: Oxygen Conversion Formulas
Appendix 13.2 Oxygen Conversion Formulas Please note: These conversion formulas are only valid in aqueous solutions and humidified air. These formulas have to be modified if measurements have to be performed in organic solvents or solutions with high salinity. % saturation % air-saturation Default setting of the instrument. -
Page 79: Temperature-Dependent Constants Affecting The Oxygen Content
Appendix − saturation ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ [ppm] 0.2095 α(T) 1000 ( 10 ) in μmol/L 1000 ⋅ ⋅ [µmol/L] [mg/L] [mg/L] 31.25 ( 11 ) − saturation ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 0.2095 α(T) 1000000 : actual atmospheric pressure : standard pressure (1013 mbar) 0.2095: volume content of oxygen in air (T): vapor pressure of water at temperature T given in Kelvin... -
Page 80: Bunsen Absorption Coefficient
Appendix (T) = exp[52.57 - 6690.9/T - 4.681*lnT A = 52.57 B = 6690.9 C = 4,681 T [K] Figure. 13.7 Variation of water vapor pressure with temperature. R is the square of the correlation coefficient. 13.3.2 Bunsen Absorption Coefficient The solubility of oxygen in water is temperature-dependent and can be described using the Bunsen absorption coefficient α(θ) and the oxygen partial pressure p(O ) according to equation 15. - Page 81 Appendix α(θ)*10 = 48.998 - 1.335*θ + 2.755*10 *θ - 3.220*10 *θ + 1.598*10 *θ a = 48.998 b = -1.335 c = 2.755 * 10 d = -3.220 * 10 e = 1.598 * 10 θ [°C] α θ Figure 13.8 Variation of Bunsen absorption coefficient ) with temperature.
- Page 82 Appendix At a given atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar (p ) and a temperature of 20 °C the oxygen content can be calculated according to equation 19 and results in − ⋅ 1013 g/mol ° ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 1013 mbar, 2095 mg/L ( 19 )
- Page 83 Appendix Table 13.3 Oxygen solubility in air-saturated fresh water [mg/L]. T [°C] Example:: c 20.0°C 9.08 mg/L...
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Page 84: Dependence On The Salt Concentration
Appendix 13.3.3 Dependence on the Salt Concentration Table 13.4 gives values of the concentration of dissolved oxygen at several temperatures in solutions with various chloride concentrations. Increasing the salt concentration leads to a decrease in oxygen solubility. This behavior is characteristic for the solubility of many nonelectrolytes - it is the phenomenon known as the salting-out effect. - Page 85 Appendix Table 13.6 Values of the coefficients in equations 21 and 22 . Eqn. 21 4.900 * 10 5.516 * 10 -1.335 -1.759 * 10 2.759 * 10 2.253 * 10 -3.235 * 10 -2.654 * 10 1.614 * 10 5.362 * 10 Eqn.
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