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TIC T-36C Operational & Maintenance Manual

Nav/comm ramp and bench test set
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NAV/COMM RAMP and BENCH TEST SET
Operational & Maintenance Manual
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B
N
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For Test Sets Containing Software Revision 3.04 or greater
Leading the AVIONICS TEST industry into the 21
T-36C
P/N: 90008077-2
REVISION
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30 June 2004
Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp
728 Garden Street
Carlstadt, NJ 07072
(201) 933-1600
www.telinstrument.com
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Century!

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Summary of Contents for TIC T-36C

  • Page 1 T-36C NAV/COMM RAMP and BENCH TEST SET Operational & Maintenance Manual P/N: 90008077-2 REVISION 30 June 2004 For Test Sets Containing Software Revision 3.04 or greater Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp 728 Garden Street Carlstadt, NJ 07072 (201) 933-1600 www.telinstrument.com Leading the AVIONICS TEST industry into the 21...
  • Page 2 T-36C 90 008 077-2 NOTICE: The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp. makes no warranty of any kind to this material, nor shall be liable including but not limited to, for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishings, performance, or use of this material.

  • Page 3: Safety Precautions

    T-36C 90 008 077-2 Safety Precautions The following are general safety precautions that are not related to a particular test or procedure. These are recommended procedures that all personnel must apply during many phases of operation and maintenance. It is assumed that the operator has general knowledge of electrical theory and the dangers associated with it.
  • Page 4 T-36C 90 008 077-2 Many parts contained in the Test Set are sensitive to ESD (Electro-Static Discharge) damage. ESD can damage integrated circuits or semiconductors located within the Test Set. Only qualified personnel should service the Test Set to prevent damage. The following are guidelines to avoid ESD damage while still performing tests and or maintenance.
  • Page 5 T-36C 90 008 077-2 VOLUME 1 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES...
  • Page 6 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 T-36C T ABLE OF HANGES Date Page Description All pages were 2-10-03 Overhaul of entire Manual affected Chap 2 – Added additional Tests 1-17-04 Chap 2 & 4 Chap 4 – Revised entire Calibration...
  • Page 7 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Table of Contents Chapter Page Volume 1 Table of Changes… List of Illustrations… List of Tables… viii Introduction Section A- General Information Scope of Manual… Purpose and Function of Equipment… Warranty… Obtaining Warranty Service…...

  • Page 8: Table Of Contents

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Chapter Page Controls, Indicators, and Connectors… Section C- Operating Instructions General… Battery Operation… 2.7.1 Battery Charging… 2.7.2 Battery Replacement… 2.7.3 220VAC Operation… Omni-Directional Antenna… Keypad Entry… 2.9.1 Keypad Entry Instructions… 2.9.2 Stored Parameter Changes…...
  • Page 9 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Chapter Page 2.14.2 MB 3 dB Bandwidth… 2-23 2.14.3 LOC Sensitivity… 2-24 2.14.4 GS Sensitivity… 2-25 2.14.5 ILS Sensitivity… 2-26 2.15 Direct Connect Comm Transceiver Tests… 2-26 2.15.1 Transceiver… 2-26 2.15.2 Receiver AGC Range…...
  • Page 10 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Chapter Page VHF Signals… UHF Signals… 3.10 Navigation Modulation… 3.11 Ramp Testing… 3.12 Microprocessor… 3.13 Power Supplies… IV General Maintenance and Servicing Instructions General… 4.1.1 Safety Precautions… 4.1.2 ESD Safety and Protection… Section A – Routine Maintenance General…...
  • Page 11 Transmitter Checks… 4-19 4.8.3 Receiver Checks… 4-26 V Schematics T-36C Interconnect NAV/COMM Test Set (1 of 1)… Power Supply PCB (1 of 1)… T-36C Panel/Switch Board (1 of 4)… MB/COMM Board (1 of 6)… Temp Sensor (1 of 1)… 5-14 Diode Board (1 of 1)…...
  • Page 12 6-23 PCB Assembly, LGV Board… 6-27 PCB Assembly, MB/COMM… 6-33 APPENDIX APPENDIX A, T-36C Data Sheet/Test Set Verification and Acceptance Checks… APPENDIX B, T-36C Data Sheet/Test Set Annual Calibration and Alignment… List of Illustrations (Figures Figure Title Page T-36C Test Set…...

  • Page 13: List Of Tables

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 List of Tables Table Title Page T-36C Accessories… Controls, Indicators and Connectors… Antenna Lengths… Support Equipment… Initial Settings… Test Set Annual Calibration Equipment List… 4-16 Initial Settings… 4-17 Switch S1 Sections and offsets… 4-24...

  • Page 14: General Information

    This manual provides operator guidance for the T-36C CAT III NAV/COMM Test Set, hereafter referred to as the T-36C, the Test Set, or the T/S. The T-36C is a precision VHF signal simulator, used for ramp, cockpit, or bench testing of VOR, LOC/GS (ILS), and MB NAV receivers, or VHF COMM transceivers.
  • Page 15 T-36C 90 008 077-2 Purpose and Function of Equipment The T-36C is a portable, rugged, user friendly instrument designed for rapid, ICAO Annex 10 CAT III precision functional testing and calibration of military and general aviation VOR, LOC/GS, MB and VHF COMM transceivers. The Test Set can be operated in either a “preset” mode for rapid simple access to preset test conditions accessible to gloved personnel for ramp/flight-line go, no- go testing, or a “keypad”...
  • Page 16 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Obtaining Warranty Service In the event the Test Set may require service or repair that is included under the warranty provided with the Test Set; the following is necessary to ensure proper handling: Contact Tel-Instrument Customer Support before shipping any Test Set back under a warranty condition.

  • Page 17: Section B Equipment Description

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 SECTION B EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION Specifications TRANSMITTER FUNCTION PRESET (DEFAULT) FREQUENCY ACCURACY 74.5 – 75.5 MHz ± 150 Hz 108.0500 – 117.9500 MHz ± 150 Hz Localizer (LOC) 108.1000 – 119.9500 MHz ± 150 Hz Glideslope (GS) 329.1500 –...

  • Page 18: Modulation Characteristics

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS MODULATION SOFTWARE PRESET VALUES SLEW SWITCH ADJUSTMENT CHARACTERISTICS FUNCTION FREQUENCY CONDITIONS DEFAULT ACCURACY RANGE RESOLUTION SWITCH NAME Marker 0.4, 1.3, 3.0 kHz ----- 20 % mod +/- 3 % ----- ----- ----- VOR OMNI 9960 Hz &...
  • Page 19 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Abbreviations, Acronyms and Glossary Terms Air to Air A/A B Air to Air Beacon ac or AC Alternating Current Aircraft Analog to Digital Amplitude Modulation Automatic Gain Control Amplitude Modulation ATCRBS Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System...
  • Page 20 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Localizer Marker beacon Medium Frequency Megahertz Middle Marker (one of three Marker beacon signals) Navigation, Navigational Equipment nmi. Nautical mile Nanosecond Omni Bearing Selector Outer Marker (one of three Marker Beacon signals) Pulse Amplitude Modulation...

  • Page 21: Preparation For Use And Operation

    If damage is found, DO NOT use the Test Set until a determination of the Test Set’s condition can be assessed. Contact Tel-Instrument Corporation as soon as possible for further instructions. Check that all the accessories that you purchased with the Test Set are accounted for. The T-36C Test Set is equipped with the following standard accessories:...

  • Page 22: Extended Storage

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 2.3.1 Extended Storage If the Test Set is to be stored or not utilized for a period of 3 months or more, perform the following: Disconnect the Test Set from any AC Power source.

  • Page 23: Operating Controls, Indicators, And Connectors

    All controls, indicators, connectors are located on the front panel of the Test Set. Controls, Indicator, and Connectors Figure 2-1 and Table 2-2 describes and shows location for each of the T-36C Test Set controls, switches and displays. TABLE 2-2 Controls, Indicators, and Connectors...
  • Page 24 PART NO. SERIAL NO. INPUT 115/230 VAC 50-400HZ CAGE CODE 92606 USA MOD 1 AUDIO 47-440 Hz, SINGLE PHASE, 100-240 VAC, 30 WATTS 110V - 0.50 A 240V - 0.25 A T-36C Test Set Controls, Indicators, and Connectors Figure 2-1...

  • Page 25: Battery Operation

    OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS General The T-36C Test Set is capable of testing VOR/LOC/MB/GS and VHF Communications by either direct connection of the UUT or remote testing by use of the supplied Omni-Directional Antenna. Preset frequencies for quick ramp checks of NAV/COMM equipment are built-in the Test Set’s memory.

  • Page 26: Omni-Directional Antenna

    220 AC Operation The T-36C may be operated using 220VAC. The following procedures are necessary before using the Test Set. Failure to properly configure the T-36C may result in severe damage to the Test Set. Remove the FUSE Cartridge from the FUSE panel located on the front panel (figure 2-2).
  • Page 27 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Measure from Tip to Tip Omni Antenna Figure 2-3 NAV FREQUENCIES FREQUENCY TESTED ANTENNA LENGTH Fully Extended Approx, 30 inches Approx, 30 inches Approx, 20 inches Approx, 30 inches COMM FREQUENCIES FREQUENCY TESTED ANTENNA LENGTH...

  • Page 28: Keypad Entry

    8.33 KHz increments can be modified. 2.9.1 Keypad Entry Instructions Entering variable parameters utilizing the Keypad requires only that the operator select a parameter within the T-36C normal range and depress the ENT pad. Utilize Figure 2-4 for reference. Keypad Figure 2-4...
  • Page 29 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 On the Test Set front panel, toggle the PRESET/KEYPAD entry switch to the KEYPAD position. Select the desired function utilizing the FUNCTION rotary switch. The Test Set display will indicate the current frequency, RF output level, modulation level and audio output level.

  • Page 30: Stored Parameter Changes

    LOC selection. 2.9.2 Stored Parameter Changes The T-36C Test Set condition presets can be changed as desired by the operator. To enter new preset values, the following procedure should be used: Select the FUNCTION desired and the appropriate frequency, LO/MID/HI position, desired to be changed.
  • Page 31 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 T-36C Start-up Display. Current Tel-Instrument T-36C Software and date installed shown. Ver. 3.04 xx/xx/xx COMM Transmitter Testing 118.0000 MHz 1.4 kHz XMIT MEAS, AM 80% AM 2.1 VSWR COMM Transmitter Testing 18.0000 MHz 1.4 kHz XMIT MEAS, FM 5.0 KHz FM 15W 2.1VSWR...
  • Page 32 General Test Procedures: Navigation, Antenna to Antenna All of the following tests are described utilizing the T-36C Test Set. It is assumed the operator has a detailed knowledge of Avionics Systems and the UUT test requirements. Refer to Table 2-3 for correct antenna lengths for each test performed.

  • Page 33: Ils Test Procedures

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 2.11.1 ILS Test Procedures WARNING When conducting tests with the aircrafts autopilot engaged, any variation of the aircrafts controls may move the associated control services. Use caution to ensure that all personnel and ground support equipment are clear of the control services.

  • Page 34: Gs Test Procedures

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Utilizing the ILS/VOR VAR toggle switch, depress Up and Down observing the deviation pointers respond to the movement of the slew switch. Repeat the procedure using different frequencies in the spectrum. Similar results should be observed.
  • Page 35 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Vary the ILS/VOR to U1/R1. The GS deviation pointer should indicate a one-dot deflection UP. Vary the ILS/VOR to U2/R2. The GS deviation pointer should indicate a two-dot deflection UP. COURSE GS Pointer indicates...

  • Page 36: Loc Test Procedures

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 2.11.3 LOC Test Procedures WARNING When conducting tests with the aircrafts autopilot engaged, any variation of the aircrafts controls may move the associated control services. Use caution to ensure that all personnel and ground support equipment are clear of the control services.
  • Page 37 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Select D1/L1 utilizing the ILS/VOR rotary switch. The LOC deviation bar should indicate a one-dot deflection to the left. Select D2/L2 utilizing the ILS/VOR rotary switch. The LOC deviation bar should indicate a two-dot deflection to the left.

  • Page 38: Vor Test Procedures

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 2.11.4 VOR Test Procedures WARNING When conducting tests with the aircrafts autopilot engaged, any variation of the aircrafts controls may move the associated control services. Use caution to ensure that all personnel and ground support equipment are clear of the control services.

  • Page 39: Mb Test Procedures

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Utilize the ILS/VOR VAR toggle switch and vary the bearing with the VOR deviation bar centered. Ensure the Deviation Bar tracks smoothly left and right of the centered position. Return the ILS/VOR rotary knob to OC.

  • Page 40: Communication And Transceiver Tests

    N O TE operator in properly utilizing the T-36C T/S. 2.12.1 Modulation, Frequency, and Deviation Measurements The T-36C is capable of conducting Modulation, Frequency, and Deviation measurements Antenna to Antenna. The following procedures will ensure that the received results are accurate.

  • Page 41: Receiver Squelch Test

    The following tests are not meant to replace the testing criteria required for your particular model of equipment. They are general testing procedures to assist the N O TE operator in properly utilizing the T-36C T/S. 2.12.2 Receiver Squelch Test Select 108-174 using the FUNCTION rotary switch.

  • Page 42: Enhanced Testing Procedures

    As an example, receiver selectivity of COMM receivers can be tested by varying the T-36C output frequency on a desired channel and then varying the Test Set RF output level to establish signal-to-noise ratios, AGC levels, or recovered audio output of the UUT to determine selectivity.

  • Page 43: Mb 3 Db Bandwidth

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Set the FREQ LO/MID/HI switch to the MID position (75.00 MHz). Set the MB TONES knob to 400 Hz. Starting at RF output level of -25 dBm, gradually reduce the RF OUTPUT LEVEL with the RF OUTPUT LEVEL slew switch until blue lamp goes out.

  • Page 44: Loc Sensitivity

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Repeat Steps 1-4 increasing the frequency in 10 KHz steps starting at 75.02 MHz until 400 (OM) blue lamp comes on (this is the high end Sensitivity Level of the MB receiver). The bandwidth is the difference between the two threshold frequencies.

  • Page 45: Gs Sensitivity

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 2.14.4 GS Sensitivity Set the Test Set KEYPAD ENTRY/PRESET toggle switch to PRESET. Set FREQ LO/MID/HI select switch to LO (334.70 MHz). Turn on the aircraft Glide Slope receivers and select this frequency on the aircraft NAV panel.

  • Page 46: Ils Sensitivity

    Attach the 10K termination adapter to the ANTENNA connector of the Test Set. Connect the T-36C RT connector to the RF output connector of the UUT using the 10 foot, 50 ohm co-axial cable supplied with the Test Set. Connect the UUT antenna to the ANT port of the Test Set if the VSWR check is to be conducted.

  • Page 47: Receiver Agc Range

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Connect an audio generator or the Test Set AUDIO connector to the microphone input connector of the UUT. Connect an oscilloscope to the UUT headphone connector. All measurements should be made quickly to minimize heating of the Test Set N O TE internal dummy load.

  • Page 48: Transmitter Power Output

    Read the transmitter output power as indicated on the Test Set display. 2.15.6 Transmitter Modulation Capability Connect the T-36C RT connector to the RF output connector of the UUT using a 10 foot, 50 ohm coaxial cable supplied with the Test Set.

  • Page 49: Transmitter Frequency Accuracy

    2.15.8 Transmitter VSWR Connect the T-36C RT connector to the RF output connector of the UUT using a 10 foot, 50 ohm coaxial cable supplied with the Test Set. Connect UUT antenna to the ANT port of the Test Set.

  • Page 50: Basic Principles Of Vor, Loc, Gs, And Mb

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 2.16 Basic Principles of VOR, LOC, GS, and MB 2.16.1 Basic ILS Principles ILS (Instrument Landing System) was introduced in the 1930’s. The system consists of antennas and transmitters located at the end of the runway at centerline, providing horizontal, vertical, and distance guidance.
  • Page 51 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 Localizer Runway COURSE GlideSlope Low Approach Runway Illustrates an aircraft receiving a higher percentage of LOC 150 Hz modulation, and GS 90 Hz modulation. The Indicator will reflect left and above “On Course” when flying “TO” the VOR station.

  • Page 52: Basic Vor Principles

    Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 MIDDLE MARKER OUTER MARKER Airport Runway INNER MARKER 3000' from end of runway at 4-10 Miles from end of runway 1000' from end of runway 200' AGL 75 MHZ/400Hz 75 MHZ/3000Hz 75 MHz/1,300 Hz...
  • Page 53 Rev D T-36C 90 008 077-2 VOR Ground Station Phase Relationship between Variable and Reference Signals Figure 2-11 Using Figure 2-10, Note at due North, the signals are IN phase. At due East - the signals are 90° out of phase, due South - 180°...