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Summary of Contents for Kinemetrics EpiSensor FBA ES-T
- Page 1 User Guide EpiSensor Force Balance Accelerometer Model FBA ES-T Document 301900 Revision F December 2017...
- Page 2 Trademarks This manual copyright © Kinemetrics, Inc., 2013. All rights reserved. Kinemetrics products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Printed in U.S.A. The trademarks used throughout this manual, registered or not, are: ...
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Table of Contents Safety ..............i Symbols & Terms ..................i 1. Introduction ............. 1 The EpiSensor ...................1 Inspecting the EpiSensor................2 2. Installation Basics ........... 3 Requirements for Installation ..............3 Required Tools ..................3 Required Supplies ................4 Required Equipment .................4 Mounting &... - Page 4 Using EpiSensors with Rock & Q330 Instruments.........43 The Granite and Basalt Digitizers ...........43 Q330 Digitizers ................44 Long Cables ..................44 User-Supplied Cable ...............45 Grounding ..................45 Use with Non-Kinemetrics Data Loggers ........47 Power Supply ..................47 Output Voltage ................48 Calibration Sequence ..............49 Ground Loop Prevention..............50...
- Page 5 301900, R OCUMENT EVISION 7. Appendix ............51 Figures Figure 1: The EpiSensor ................2 Figure 2: Episensor mounting dimensions ..........5 Figure 3: Drilling EpiSensor mounting hole ..........6 Figure 4: EpiSensor & Packaging Components........13 Figure 5: Large Packaging Piece Installed..........14 Figure 6: Cable Installed ................14 Figure 7: Second Packaging Piece Installed over Connector Shell ..15 Figure 8: Final Packaging Piece Installed ..........16 Figure 9: The EpiSensor.
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Page 7: Safety
OCUMENT EVISION Safety Symbols & Terms The following symbols may appear on Kinemetrics equipment or in this manual. When you see this symbol, pay careful attention. Refer to the similarly marked, relevant part of this manual before servicing the instrument. - Page 8 If you plan to power the EpiSensor from a recorder, connect the recorder to a power supply/charger supplied by Kinemetrics, as described in each recorder's user manual. To supply power directly to the EpiSensor, you need a low-noise, regulated ±...
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Page 9: Introduction
Kinemetrics is committed to ensuring a successful installation. For assistance with planning, installation, operation or maintenance, contact Kinemetrics at the locations listed in the front of this manual. Kinemetrics also has an extensive Services Group that can install, maintain, and analyze the data from your EpiSensor. -
Page 10: Inspecting The Episensor
Although Kinemetrics takes every precaution in packing its systems, shipping damage can still occur. If you find a problem, note the condition of the shipping container. Then contact the freight forwarder and Kinemetrics as soon as possible. Caution: Damage to sensors. Dropping the EpiSensor onto a hard surface can damage the sensors. -
Page 11: Installation Basics
Requirements for Installation Listed below are the tools, supplies and equipment required to install the EpiSensor in a typical configuration (remotely from a Kinemetrics recorder, and attached to that recorder via cable). However, certain installations may require additional tools, supplies or equipment, depending on specific sites and needs. -
Page 12: Required Supplies
Adequate length and appropriate type of pre-assembled cable for connecting the EpiSensor to the recorder. If custom cable is required, refer to Chapter 6. Depending on the length required, you might have purchased either Kinemetrics P/N 700045 or the Belden cable stocked by Kinemetrics as P/N 840356. ... -
Page 13: Figure 2: Episensor Mounting Dimensions
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Use the EpiSensor mounting kit to attach the sensor to the mounting surface. The kit includes a heavy-duty wedge-type expansion anchor stud with 1/4-20 thread and a nut/washer unit. Decide on the location of the EpiSensor, keeping in mind the working space dimensions in Figure 2. -
Page 14: Figure 3: Drilling Episensor Mounting Hole
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Figure 3: Drilling EpiSensor mounting hole Percussion or hammer drill Concrete pad Drill bit with diameter to fit anchor stud Drill slightly deeper than length of anchor stud (>2") Hammer Nut aligned with top of anchor bolt 3/8"... -
Page 15: Required Cables
Required Cables If you purchased pre-made cables from Kinemetrics, you can proceed with the following instructions. If you are making your own cables, please see under Advanced Installations (Section 6) for instructions on custom cable fabrication. -
Page 16: Safety First
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Safety First Obviously, the most important goal of any grounding scheme is to ensure the safety of operating personnel. Design and evaluate your grounding system with this in mind. Since the EpiSensor contains no high voltage circuitry and is not connected to AC power, safety concerns arise from the digitizer-end of the connection cable. - Page 17 Polyphaser Corporation provides an excellent practical treatment of grounding techniques. In sites exposed to high levels of EMI/RFI, such as, hill top “Antenna Farms” additional EMI/RFI protection may be required. The Kinemetrics EpiSensor Protection Enclosure (KMI 301931) can be purchased for such sites.
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Page 18: Powering The Episensor
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Powering the EpiSensor When the cable has been made and tested, you can apply power to the sensor. If you are providing power, please refer to Chapter 6 for detailed requirements. First, apply power to the system without connecting the cable to the EpiSensor and then verify that the power connections are correct. -
Page 19: Performing The Zero Adjustment
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION EpiSensor is located at the end of a long cable, build a "break-out" cable in order to access and measure voltages in each of the wires in the EpiSensor cable. Be sure you are supplying the EpiSensor with ±12 VDC or +12 VDC for the single power supply option. -
Page 20: Note On Full-Scale Range
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Note on Full-Scale Range All of our full-scale ranges in this manual are stated as the voltage you would measure with a voltmeter between the + and – outputs for the sensor when full-scale acceleration is applied to the unit. For example, with a differential low-noise amplifier and output of ±... -
Page 21: Figure 4: Episensor & Packaging Components
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Figure 4: EpiSensor & Packaging Components Now mount and zero the EpiSensor per the previous instructions. Before installing the cable place the large packing piece over the EpiSensor with the circular hole over the connector. This is shown in Figure 5 below. ENSOR UIDE... -
Page 22: Figure 5: Large Packaging Piece Installed
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Figure 5: Large Packaging Piece Installed Now install the cable as shown in Figure 6 below: Figure 6: Cable Installed ENSOR UIDE... -
Page 23: Figure 7: Second Packaging Piece Installed Over Connector Shell
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Now place the thin piece of foam with the hole and the slot over the EpiSensor placing the connector through the hole. This is shown in Figure 7 below. Figure 7: Second Packaging Piece Installed over Connector Shell ENSOR UIDE... -
Page 24: Figure 8: Final Packaging Piece Installed
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Finally the last piece of packaging can be placed over the connector and cable as shown below in Figure 8. If this is done we recommend using aluminum duct tape to hold the packing together and also ensuring a joint with the floor to minimize convection currents. -
Page 25: Operating Basics
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION 3. Operating Basics The EpiSensor is designed as a very flexible low-noise accelerometer and can be configured to satisfy a wide variety of acceleration-sensing requirements. Configurable options include: Full-scale acceleration sensitivity of sensor – 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, and 4g ... -
Page 26: Episensor External Features
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION EpiSensor External Features Figure 9: The EpiSensor. Z sensor adjustment access hole Flat edge of case -- aligns with One of three screws Y north/south sensor axis securing EpiSensor case Grounding screw Electrical connector Y sensor adjustment hole One of three leveling feet Mounting bracket... -
Page 27: Performing A Functional Test With A Rock Digitizer
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION If you are using another recording system you will need to supply the correct power. Refer to Chapter 6, Advanced Installation Topics, for more information. Performing a Functional Test with a Rock Digitizer Please refer your Rock Digitizer user manual for instructions on performing functional tests. -
Page 28: Sensor Response Test
(X (East), Y (North) or Z axis), the oscillator board (P/N 110375), or the isolated Jumper daughter board (P/N110415). These jumpers are normally configured by Kinemetrics at the time of manufacture. If your EpiSensor is set to the correct range, the following instructions for re-configuring are unnecessary. -
Page 29: Pin Numbering System
Additional jumpers are shipped with the EpiSensor to allow different configurations to be set. If you need more jumpers, they can be ordered from Kinemetrics as P/N 851152. Setting the Full-scale Range The full-scale range is configured by putting jumpers on headers X1 and X4 on the feedback board of individual FBA modules. -
Page 30: Figure 12: Feedback Board
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION set correctly or the sensor will not function properly. The location of the headers is shown in the figure on the next page. The following table shows the sensitivities available for the jumper- selectable ranges. Table 2: Range/sensitivity calculations Full-scale Single-ended Single-ended... -
Page 31: Figure 13: Full-Scale Range Jumper Settings
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Configure each range by installing jumpers (indicated by the black rectangles) as shown in the figure below. Note: For clarity, we have numbered each connector pin in the figure below; however, only #1 will appear on the actual feedback board. Figure 13: Full-scale range jumper settings Header X1 Header X4... -
Page 32: Headers And Connectors On Oscillator Board
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Headers and Connectors on Oscillator Board The following two figures show the location of all of the headers and connectors on the oscillator board used to configure the following options. Figure 14: Top view of oscillator board ENSOR UIDE... -
Page 33: Output Voltage Level
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Figure 15: Bottom view of oscillator board with headers indicated Output Voltage Level There are three, 3-pin jumper-header configurations that control the output voltage level. While referring to Table 3, install one jumper at each connector location to select the voltage output level for that axis. For the 2.5V output, install the jumper between pins 1 and 2;... -
Page 34: Power & Noise Configurations
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Table 3: Output voltage-level jumper settings Axis Header 2.5V Output 10V Output Power & Noise Configurations There are three 12-pin jumpers that route the sensor output signals to the desired amplifier – low-power or low-noise. They also configure the output as either single-ended or differential. -
Page 35: Low-Noise Power Control
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION The figure below shows the jumpers installed for each of the three valid configurations. Figure 16: Jumper configurations Pin 2 Pin 12 Low power amplifier Pin 1 Pin 11 White Square Pin 2 Pin 12 Low-noise amplifier with single-ended output... -
Page 36: Power Supply Options
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Power Supply Options The triaxial EpiSensor is offered in two power supply configurations; the dual (+/-12V) supply configuration and the single (+12V) supply configuration. The jumpers for these power sources are set at the factory and should not be changed. Changing from a dual supply to a single supply or vice versa requires the unit to be sent back to the factory for a retrofit. -
Page 37: Calibration Coil
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION the two jumpers between pins 2 and 3 on both X6 and X25 and this is shown in Figure 18 below. Figure 18 - Non isolated ground configuration Calibration Coil Each EpiSensor module is equipped with a calibration coil. This coil is isolated from other EpiSensor circuitry and accurately emulates the effect of an acceleration on the system. -
Page 38: Calibration Coil Test Connector
Small, white connectors are used for access to the individual calibration coils for X, Y and Z sensor calibration. They can be purchased from Kinemetrics (P/N 851461) or from the manufacturer – (Molex P/N 51021-0200). Table 7: Calibration coil test headers... - Page 39 301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Note: If the unit has not been serviced for a year or longer, apply a light coat of silicone grease (880718) to the O-rings. 2. Gently re-install the outer case by sliding it over the connector while aligning the three large screw holes with the corresponding holes in the internal spacers.
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Page 41: Maintenance
If the unit is connected to a Rock, Q330 or other Kinemetrics or Quanterra recorder, refer to the recorder’s manual for instructions on performing the functional test. Refer to Chapter 6 if the unit is connected to a non-Kinemetrics data acquisition system. Calibration The EpiSensor is very stable and maintains its calibration in the field for many years. -
Page 42: Desiccant Replacement
This is shown by the ink on the desiccant pack turning from its original blue to pink. When this happens it should be replaced. New desiccant can be ordered from Kinemetrics as P/N 700403. Be sure to follow electro-static discharge (ESD) precautions when the sensor case is opened. -
Page 43: Reference
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION 5. Reference Theory of Operation The EpiSensor consists of three orthogonally mounted force balance accelerometers (FBAs) – X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis – inside a sensor casing. Each accelerometer module is identical and plugs into a board that provides the final output circuit and the carrier oscillator. -
Page 44: Working Principle
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Working Principle The oscillator applies an AC signal of opposite polarity to the two moving capacitor plates (also referred to as "the moving mass"). When the accelerometer is "zeroed" and when no acceleration is applied, these plates are symmetrical to the fixed central plate and no voltage is generated. -
Page 45: Features
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION amplifies the signal by 1 or 4 to give a single-ended output of either 2.5V or 10V. A second amplifier is also present which inverts the signal from the first and can be connected to the negative output lead (via jumpers). -
Page 46: Pole Zero Representation Of The Episensor
Figure 20 on the next page show the amplitude, phase and step response of this pole zero representation. Additional references to pole zero responses and damping are available on the Kinemetrics website. Application Note 39 gives the response of the FIR filters used in the Rock and Q330 family digitizers. -
Page 47: Figure 20: Amplitude, Phase, And Step Response Of The Episensor Response Model
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Figure 20: Amplitude, phase, and step response of the EpiSensor response model Frequency Response: Amplitude Frequency Frequency Response: Phase -100 -120 -140 -160 -180 Frequency ENSOR UIDE... -
Page 48: Polarity Conventions
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Step Response 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 Time Polarity Conventions The EpiSensor uses a right-handed X Y, Z coordinate system with a positive output for acceleration along each axis. The EpiSensor will normally be aligned with X to the East, Y to the North and Z upward (Figure 20). -
Page 49: Figure 21: Z, N, E And X, Y And Z Coordinates
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Figure 21: Z, N, E and X, Y and Z coordinates Y-AXIS NORTH/SOUTH X-AXIS EAST/WEST Z-AXIS VERTICAL ENSOR UIDE... -
Page 50: Electrical Interface
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION Electrical Interface Table 8: Input connections Name Description X + signal Output + X axis signal output X – signal Output – X axis signal output X shield X shield Y + signal Output + Y axis signal output Y –... -
Page 51: Advanced Installations
Using EpiSensors with Rock & Q330 Instruments This section discusses the use of the EpiSensor with Kinemetrics Rock and Quanterra Q330 Digitizers. The Granite and Basalt Digitizers The Rock family products supply the input power to the sensor connectors for use with single isolated supply sensors. -
Page 52: Q330 Digitizers
Digitizer with a Dual Supply Terminal Board (2g, ±5V (10Vpp) Differential Output, Dual Power Supply), the EpiSensor can be used with the normal Kinemetrics cable (P/N 840356 or Belden 9874) for distances up to 1,250 feet. For runs longer than 1,250 feet, Kinemetrics P/N 700045 cable is recommended;... -
Page 53: User-Supplied Cable
Table 11. Alternatively, a cable calculator is available on the Kinemetrics support Wiki that performs these calculations. Grounding The cable assembly technique used for connecting the EpiSensor to a... - Page 54 301900, R OCUMENT EVISION While this procedure may improve noise performance, leaving the EpiSensor case ungrounded greatly degrades its ability to survive lightning induced transients and can lead to a safety hazard if the location has poor AC wiring. A hybrid ground connection can also be used: 1.
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Page 55: Use With Non-Kinemetrics Data Loggers
OCUMENT EVISION Use with Non-Kinemetrics Data Loggers If you are using the EpiSensor with a non-Kinemetrics data logger you must match the power, calibration and output of the EpiSensor with that of the recorder. Power Supply The standard dual supply EpiSensor requires a well-regulated, low-noise ±12V (±... -
Page 56: Output Voltage
Typical cases are shown in Table 11 below and assume the sensor is receiving 12V. For long cables a calculator is available on the Kinemetrics Wiki to calculate the allowed cable length for specific configurations. Table 11: EpiSensor Current requirements for Different Configurations... -
Page 57: Calibration Sequence
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION input impedance of 100 kΩ or more, so the 50Ω output impedance is insignificant. Calibration Sequence To produce a functional test sequence the recorder must control the Cal and CCE line to the EpiSensor. Even if the recorder cannot produce a functional test it is still very important that these lines be held at the correct potential. -
Page 58: Ground Loop Prevention
Cal line will also damage the unit. Ground Loop Prevention When the EpiSensor is used with non-Kinemetrics digitizers it is essential that the ground connections be carefully planned in order to prevent ground loops. -
Page 59: Table 12: Episensor Specifications
301900, R OCUMENT EVISION 7. Appendix Table 12: EpiSensor specifications Type Triaxial force balance accelerometer Dynamic range ~155 dB ( (RMS Noise to RMS Full Scale Clip 0.1 – 20 Hz) Bandwidth DC to 200 Hz Calibration coil Standard User-selectable at ± 0.25g, ± 0.5g, ± 1g, Full-scale range ±...
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